Abstract: This invention relates to a porous crystalline synthetic material constituted by silicon and titanium oxides, a method for synthesizing said material, and the use thereof as a catalyst.Said material is given the name titanium silicalite or TS-1, and corresponds to the following formula:xTiO.sub.2.(1-x)SiO.sub.2where x lies between 0.0005 and 0.04, preferably between 0.01 and 0.025.The material is prepared starting from a mixture constituted by a source of silicon oxide and a source of titanium oxide. The reaction takes place in the aqueous phase at a temperature of 130.degree. to 200.degree. C., and the solid product obtained is calcined in air at 550.degree. C.

Abstract: Silicate minerals, including asbestos fibres, are rendered less harmful by forming metal-micelle polymer coatings on the silicate. A metal-micelle polymer coating is formed on a silicate by contacting a silicate mineral, such as asbestos, with a metal-weak base-strong acid aqueous ion system, or a metal-strong base-weak acid ion system. In these systems the metal is selected from the group consisting of manganese, chromium, cobalt, iron, copper, aluminum and mixtures of these metals. The product of reacting asbestos fibres with these systems is less irritating to living cells than asbestos fibres and also has substantially the same physical and chemical properties as asbestos fibres and can thus be substituted for asbestos fibres in most technological applications.

Abstract: A new porous silico-crystal, designated as ZSM-48, a method of making same and the use thereof in catalytic conversion of organic compounds. The new product has a composition, expressed in terms of moles of anhydrous oxides per 100 moles of silica as follows:(0.05 to 5) N.sub.2 O: (0.1 to 10)M.sub.2 /.sub.n O: (0 to 4)Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 : (100)SiO.sub.2wherein M is at least one cation having a valence n, N is a mixture of C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 alkylamine and more preferably of C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 tetramethyl ammonium compound, and wherein the zeolite is characterized by the distinctive X-ray powder diffraction pattern shown in Table I.

Abstract: A new and useful improvement in the method for preparing synthetic crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite ZSM-12 is provided. The improved method comprises synthesizing ZSM-12 in the presence of cyclic quaternary amine halides as templates rather than the conventional template of tetraethylammonium.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lithium oxide based amorphous material having a composition included in a region defined by lines connecting points A, B, C and D in the composition diagram of the ternary system of Li.sub.2 O.SiO.sub.2.P.sub.2 O.sub.5 shown in FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings. This amorphous material can be formed by performing sputtering by using as a target a mixture of a lithium silicate/lithium phosphate composition and LiO.sub.2. This amorphous material is excellent in the ionic conductivity.

Abstract: New crystalline silicate compositions are prepared from a silica containing mixture which is substantially free of aluminum ions and contains a source of choline by digesting a reaction mixture comprising a choline salt, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, an oxide of silicon, water and, optionally, a Group VIII metal salt with the reaction mixture containing less than about 1000 ppm aluminum. These crystalline silicates exhibit a distinctive X-ray diffraction pattern and have a composition as expressed in terms of its oxides, as follows: ##EQU1## where R is the organic nitrogen-containing cation derived from choline, M is an alkali metal ion, ammonium, hydrogen, a metal cation or mixtures thereof, m is the valence of M, Z is a Group VIII metal cation and z is the valence of said Group VIII metal cation. These crystalline silicates are usefully employed as catalysts in hydrocarbon conversions.

Abstract: A new zeolite material designated Nu-3 having a molar composition expressed by the formula:0.5 to 1.5R.sub.2 O:Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 :at least 5XO.sub.2 :0 to 400H.sub.2 Owherein R is a monovalent cation or 1/n of a cation of valency n where n is a whole number of 2 or more, X is silicon and/or germanium, Y is one or more of aluminium, iron or gallium and H.sub.2 O is water of hydration additional to water notionally present when R is H, and having an X-ray diffraction pattern substantially as shown in Table 1, is prepared from a reaction mixture containing XO.sub.2 (preferably silica), Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 (preferably alumina) and an optionally substituted quinuclidinium ion.

Abstract: This invention relates to the preparation of sodium metasilicate. More particularly, this invention relates to a process for the preparation of solid, crystalline, substantially anhydrous sodium metasilicate which comprises the steps of:(a) reacting an SiO.sub.2 -containing material with a concentrated aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide in an SiO.sub.2 to Na.sub.2 O molar ratio of from about 1.2:1 to 1:1.2 under elevated pressure and at an elevated temperature, to form a sodium metasilicate suspension;(b) filtering the suspension from step (a) to obtain a filter cake and filtrate;(c) crushing the filter cake from step (b) at elevated temperature;(d) removing water from the crushed filter cake to recover substantially anhydrous sodium metasilicate;(e) concentrating the filtrate from step (b); and(f) returning the concentrated filtrate from step (e) to the reaction mixture of step (a).

Abstract: Prepolymers of alkali metal silicates and/or alkaline earth metal silicates and metal oxides, which can be used as molding compositions, preferably compression molding compositions, for the production of compression-molding laminates or of insulating sheets, are obtained by a method wherein a mixture of solid alkali metal silicates and/or alkaline earth metal silicates, and/or aqueous solutions of such silicates, with or without addition of water, and of divalent to tetravalent metal oxides, the ratio of metal oxide to silicate in the mixture being from 1:1 to 1:9, expressed in parts by weight of solids, and the homogenized mixture having a water content of from 10 to 50% by weight, based on the total amount of mixture, is allowed to pre-react in the temperature range of 10.degree. to 50.degree. C. until the water content of the mixture has decreased by from 0.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a process for the manufacture of a sodium silicate solution in a continuous manner from a silicon dioxide-containing material, comprising continuously adding to a reaction zone a stream of said silicon dioxide-containing material and a stream of a sodium hydroxide-sodium carbonate solution, reacting said silicon dioxide-containing material and said sodium hydroxide-sodium carbonate at a temperature and pressure and for a time sufficient to form a sodium silicate solution, and recovering said sodium silicate solution from the reaction zone.

Abstract: Crystalline metal silicate compositions are prepared from a silica containing mixture which is substantially free of aluminum ions and which contains a chelating agent by digesting a reaction mixture comprising, a tetraalkylammonium compound, sodium hydroxide, a metal compound, an oxide of silicon, a chelating agent and water, with the reaction mixture containing less than about 100 ppm aluminum. Crystalline borosilicate compositions are of special interest. A method for activating the new crystalline compositions to enhance their usefulness for certain conversion processes is also disclosed.

Abstract: Sodium zinco/stanno/titano-silicate is synthesized by mixing a concentrated aqueous sodium zincate, stannate or titanate solution with a source of silica (e.g. powdered glass or sodium metasilicate solution) in the ratio 60 g sodium silicate to sodium zincate equivalent to 8.1 g zinc oxide, keeping the temperature at 40.degree. C. for 1/2 hour, diluting threefold with water of 20.degree. C., allowing a precipitate to form overnight, and filtering and drying the residue at 110.degree. C.The resulting sodium zincosilicate may be used in its own right as a water softener or may be converted by cation exchange into any other desired zincosilicate.

Abstract: Silicate minerals, including asbestos fibres, are rendered less harmful by forming metal-micelle polymer coatings on the silicate. A metal-micelle polymer coating is formed on a silicate by contacting a silicate mineral, such as asbestos, with a metal-weak base-strong acid aqueous ion system, or a metal-strong base-weak acid ion system. In these systems the metal is selected from the group consisting of manganese, chromium, cobalt, iron, copper, aluminum and mixtures of these metals. The product of reacting asbestos fibres with these systems is less irritating to living cells than asbestos fibres and also has substantially the same physical and chemical properties as asbestos fibres and can thus be substituted for asbestos fibres in most technological applications.

Abstract: A process for producing a citric acid soluble potassium silicate fertilizer comprises a step for kneading a mixture consisting essentially of potassium carbonate, fly ash, pulverized coal, other necessary starting materials and a caustic potash solution as a binder and then granulating the kneaded mixture, a step for drying the granulated product to a nearly absolutely dry state, and a step for calcining the dried granular product, whereby a chemical reaction takes place between the potassium and the silicon present in fly ash to convert them into a citric acid soluble potassium silicate.

Abstract: Silicon dioxide containing waste flue dust from the production of silicon metal and silicon alloys is converted to crystalline zeolite molecular sieves of type A by (1) dissolving the flue dust in alkali metal hydroxide solution with the formation of alkali metal silicate solution having a module (SiO.sub.2 :Me.sub.2.sup.I O) in the range of 2.0:1 to 3.5:1 at a temperature of 60.degree.-100.degree. C.; (2) purifying the thus obtained alkali metal silicate solution from organic constituents by treatment with activated carbon and/or an oxidizing agent and separating the non-decomposable residue from the solution; and, (3) reacting alkali metal aluminate solution present at room temperature with the diluted, purified alkali metal silicate solution with a module (SiO.sub.2 :Na.sub.2 O) of 2.0:1 to 3.5:1 obtained by steps (1) and (2) and subsequently crystallizing the reaction mixture ((2.0-4.4)Na.sub.2 O:Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 ; (1.3-1.8)SiO.sub.2 :(90-120)H.sub.2 O) at a temperature of 90.degree.-95.degree. C.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for increasing the silica to alkali metal oxide weight ratio of aqueous alkali metal silicate solution by electrodialysis of the alkali metal silicate solution.

Abstract: There are provided crystalline chromosilicates, their methods of preparation, and process uses. A first crystalline chromosilicate comprises a molecular sieve material providing a specific X-ray diffraction pattern and having the following composition in terms of mole ratios of oxides:0.9.+-.0.2 [WR.sub.2 O+(1-W)M.sub.2/n O]: Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 : YSiO.sub.2 : ZH.sub.2 O,wherein R is an alkylammonium cation, M is at least one cation having a valence of n, Y is a value within the range of about 4 to about 500, Z is a value within the range of about 0 to about 160, and W is a value that is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1. A second crystalline chromosilicate comprises a molecular sieve material providing a specific X-ray diffraction pattern and having the following composition in terms of mole ratios of oxides:0.9.+-.0.2 M.sub.2/n O: Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 : YSiO.sub.2 : ZH.sub.

Abstract: Potassium silicate solutions combined with silanes that contain a hydrophilic functionality can be spray dried effectively to provide free-flowing powdered products.

Abstract: A new porous zeolite, a method of making same and the use thereof in catalytic conversion of organic compounds. The new product has a composition, expressed in terms of moles of anhydrous oxides per 100 moles of silica as follows:(0-2.5)M.sub.2 /nO: (0-2.5)Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 : (100)SiO.sub.2wherein M is at least one cation having a valence n and wherein the zeolite is characterized by the distinctive X-ray powder diffraction pattern as shown in Table 1 herein. The new zeolite is prepared from a reaction mixture comprising a source of silica, a source of organic compounds of Group VB, alkali metal cations, water and with or without a source of alumina.

Abstract: A method of preparing zeolite ZSM-5 type crystals and mixtures thereof which comprises crystallizing the substantially pure zeolite material from a silica and, optionally, alumina gel mixture in the presence of an alkylammonium-N-oxide cation, and the products produced thereby.

Abstract: A stretched polyolefin film, suitable for use as a packaging material, comprising a uniform cellular structure produced by the use of a blowing agent and consisting essentially of a crystalline having a broad molecular weight distribution and a low Melt Flow Index wherein the film contains 0-25% by weight of fillers or pigments and wherein the film has a thickness of 11 mils or less.

Abstract: Sodium metasilicate is granulated by (i) establishing, in a first zone, a cloud of anhydrous sodium metasilicate powder; (ii) injecting into said cloud (i), and intimately contacting therewith, an atomized liquid phase which comprises a liquid formulation of a sodium silicate; (iii) said intimate contacting (ii) being conducted in an atmosphere of a drying gas, whereby crystallization of the anhydrous metasilicate and agglomeration of the thus coated particulates are effected, (iv) next subjecting the effluent cohered granules of said first zone to a state of agitation in a second discrete zone, in an atmosphere of a heating gas and whereby the agitated granules are at least partially converted to the sodium metasilicate pentahydrate; (v) and thence recovering from said second discrete zone a granular sodium metasilicate comprising from about 2 to 6% by weight water, and useful in the manufacture of a variety of detergent compositions.

Abstract: Hydrofluoric acid is recovered from fluosilicic acid by reacting fluosilicic acid with sodium hydroxide to form a first slurry having a pH of from about 11 to about 14, the first slurry containing sodium metasilicate and precipitated sodium fluoride. Sodium fluoride is recovered from the first slurry leaving a first solution which is reacted with sodium fluosilicate or fluosilicic acid or both to form a second slurry comprising silica and dissolved sodium fluoride. The reaction occurs under such conditions that the second slurry contains precipitated amorphous silica. The precipitated amorphous silica is separated from the second slurry leaving a second solution of sodium fluoride. Sodium fluoride is recovered from the second solution. Recovered sodium fluoride is reacted with sulfuric acid to produce hydrogen fluoride.

Abstract: A method of densifying a fumed metal oxide is disclosed wherein the metal oxide is converted to a flowable sol and then dried to form a fragmented solid which is calcined. The calcined oxide may be wet milled to provide a slip for casting articles such as fused silica crucibles used in melting silicon. The method also permits the production of very refractory fused glass compositions from fumed metal oxides at temperatures substantially below those required where a melting step is employed.

Abstract: Fast lithium-ion conductors are provided having low resistivities and low-activation-energy mobilities at temperatures at which lithium salts are molten. The novel compounds promote lithium-ion transport in a three dimensional framework and have the general formula:Li.sub.16-2x D.sub.x (TO).sub.4).sub.4wherein D is a divalent cation such as Mg.sup.2+, Zn.sup.2+, Ca.sup.2+ or mixtures thereof, T is a tetravalent cation such as si.sup.4+, Ge.sup.4+ or mixtures thereof and x is a number greater than zero and less than 4.

Abstract: Fast sodium-ion transport compositions of the formula:Na.sub.1+x Zr.sub.2 Si.sub.x P.sub.3-x O.sub.12wherein x is greater than 0 and less than 3 are formed from ZrSiO.sub.4 and anhydrous trisodium phosphate, disodium phosphate, mixtures of trisodium phosphate and disodium phosphate alone or with sodium phosphate.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an aqueous alkali metal polysilicate solution having an SiO.sub.2 : alkali metal oxide mole ratio of 2.5 - 5.5 : 1 and a silica content of 16 - 23% by weight which comprises contacting a tetraalkoxysilane of the formula Si(OR).sub.4 wherein each R is independently a straight or branched-chain alkyl group of 1 to 3 carbon atoms with an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution at a temperature between room temperature and the boiling point of the reaction mixture and at a temperature up to 100.degree. C. distilling over alcohol formed by the reaction of the silane with the alkali metal hydroxide.

Abstract: Fast lithium-ion conductors are provided having low resistivities and low-activation-energy mobilities at temperatures at which lithium salts are molten. The novel compounds promote lithium-ion transport in a three dimensional framework and have the general formula:Li.sub.16-2x D.sub.x (TO).sub.4).sub.4wherein D is a divalent cation such as Mg.sup.2+, Zn.sup.2+, Ca.sup.2+ or mixtures thereof, T is a tetravalent cation such as Si.sup.4+, Ge.sup.4+ or mixtures thereof and x is a number greater than 0 and less than 4.

Abstract: A process is provided for coating a metal substrate to give new and improved results in the preparation of resin coated metals, particularly steel, aluminum, magnesium, and zinc surfaced articles including galvanized iron or steel.

Abstract: Hydrated silica and/or silica are reacted chemically with an alkali metal cyanide in a ratio of about 1 mol of hydrated silica or silica to about 1 to 2 mols of the alkali metal cyanide silicate compounds.

Abstract: Process for the production of aliphatic amines by reaction of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alcohol or ether with ammonia in the presence of a catalyst comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate having the structure of ZSM-5, ZSM-11 or ZSM-21, said reaction being effected at a temperature between about 300.degree. and about 500.degree. C., a pressure between atmospheric and 1000 psig with the relative feed rates, expressed in grams per hour, of (1) alcohol or ether and (2) ammonia being within the approximate range of 1:1 to 5:1.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing a hexavalent chromium containing emulsion coating composition without causing coagulation of the emulsion and for providing an emulsion coating composition containing at least one water insoluble particulate film-forming thermoplastic resin which is highly effective as a coating for a metal substrate to give new and improved results in the preparation of resin coated metals, particularly steel, aluminum, magnesium, and zinc surfaced articles including galvanized iron or steel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and apparatus useful therein for steam hydrating alkali silicate glass materials and subsequently extruding the hydrated material. There need be no moving parts in the hydration apparatus since the process can utilize the pressure of steam to both hydrate the glass and extrude it from the hydration chamber. The process permits the formation of solid extrusions or foam extrusions.

Abstract: Hydrous magnesium silicates having a crystal structure similar to that of natural hectorite may be produced by a precipitation process in which silica is precipitated into a preformed aqueous suspension of a water insoluble magnesium compound. The process may be operated at high concentration and the products may have good dispersibility in aqueous media and high optical clarity when dispersed as well as the good rheological properties which may be obtained by prior precipitation processes.

Abstract: Fast alkali-metal-ion transporters are provided having low resistivities and low-activation-energy mobilities at temperatures at which alkali metals are molten. The novel compounds promote alkali-metal-ion transport in three dimensions within their crystalline structure and have the general formula:A.sub.n X.sub.2 (ZO.sub.4).sub.3orA.sub.m (Z'.sub.2 O.sub.4)wherein A is potassium, sodium or lithium, Z' is a tetrahedrally coordinated cation or mixtures thereof, X is an octahedrally coordinated cation or mixtures thereof, n is a number greater than 1 and less than 4, m is a number from 1 up to 2 and Z' is a mixture of at least two Z' cations.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and system for ion-exchanging cations in zeolitic particles of a size useful in fluidized bed processes; for example, zeolitic microspheres of the type employed in fluidized bed hydrocarbon conversion processes. The zeolitic particles are ion-exchanged by a stagewise countercurrent contact with ion-exchange liquid as they are moved in series over a continuously moving horizontal vacuum belt filter in the form of a thin porous cake, then into an agitated tank where the cake is formed into a slurry, and to another continuously moving vacuum belt filter where the microspheres are again formed into a thin porous cake. The latter cake is contacted with incoming ion-exchange liquid that percolates through the cake, passes to the agitated tank and is charged to the cake on the first belt filter.

Abstract: In the art of manufacturing alkaline glasses in electric resistance furnaces, improved results are obtained by use of a porous insulating blanket formed from granulated or aggregated raw batch and by conforming the interior of the furnace to the currents within the melt and permitting the formed gaseous components to escape the rough the porous insulating blanket.

Abstract: Substituted lithium orthosilicates are provided havingA. the formulaLi.sub.4.sub.+w.sub.-x.sub.-2y Si.sub.1.sub.-w.sub.-x.sub.-y Al.sub.w P.sub.x S.sub.y O.sub.4whereinW IS 0 TO ABOUT 0.45,X IS 0 TO ABOUT 0.5, ANDY IS 0 TO ABOUT 0.35,With the proviso that one or both of w or x+2y is at least about 0.1, andB. the monoclinic Li.sub.4 SiO.sub.4 crystal structure. These substituted orthosilicates are useful as solid electrolytes in electrochemical cells such as galvanic cells and electrolytic cells.

Abstract: Processing of pearlite by treating the same with an alkaline solution having a concentration of 40-140 g/l taken in an amount which brings the ratio of the liquid and solid phases to (0.7-1.5) : 1 and then separating by filtration the water glass, obtained in the process of heat treatment, from the residue formed.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for increasing the output of high bulk density, hydrous sodium silicate which may be obtained by the spray drying of its aqueous solutions. This process involves the addition of certain additives to the aqueous sodium silicate solutions prior to their being spray dried.

Abstract: Silicoformic acid is reacted with an alkali metal cyanide, in a ratio of about 1 mol of the silicoformic acid to about 1 to 2 mols of the alkali metal cyanide to produce corresponding substituted silicoformic cyanides and dicyanides.

Abstract: A process for preparing low bulk density, highly absorbent, amorphous, hydrous, water-soluble alkali metal silicate particles having high internal porosity by spray drying a mixture of an aqueous sodium or potassium silicate solution and hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an aqueous alkali metal polysilicate solution having an SiO.sub.2 : alkali metal oxide mole ratio of 2.5 - 5.5 : 1 and a silica content of 16 - 23% by weight which comprises contacting a tetraalkoxysilane of the formula Si(OR).sub.4 wherein each R is independently a straight or branched-chain alkyl group of 1 to 3 carbon atoms with an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution at a temperature between room temperature and the boiling point of the reaction mixture and at a temperature up to 100.degree.C. distilling over alcohol formed by the reaction of the silane with the alkali metal hydroxide.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for substantially reducing the potassium oxide context of wood fly ash contained in the combustion products generated during the burning of wood particles. The method disclosed involves mixing an alkali metal silicate, a secondary alkali metal compound and silica with the wood particles, burning the mixture, and withdrawing a stable, potassium oxide containing silicate product from the flue gases.

Abstract: Fracture and stress free disks of alkali metal silicate are prepared by casting molten silicate glass in cylindrical molds with a very short vertical dimension and cooling. Said disks constitute dust free products or can be further processed into other dust free products.

Abstract: A dry alkaline earth metal metasilicate or an alkali metal metasilicate is chemically reacted with a concentrated mineral acid or an alkali metal hydrogen salt to produce silico-formic acid and a salt. The silico-formic acid is washed with water to remove the salt, washed with an alkali metal carbonate solution, filtered, then air dried.

Abstract: Silicoformic acid granules will go into solution when mixed in a dilute aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide or an alkali metal salt of a weak acid.

Abstract: Solutions of soluble alkali metal silicates of exceptional clarity are prepared by dissolving anhydrous alkali metal silicate glass at atmospheric pressure by a novel process comprising the constant classification of alkali metal silicate glass particles according to size and the constant removal of the polymer-like silicate that forms as a semi-solid on the wetted glass surface. The constant classification of the silicate glass particles and removal of this polymeric silicate to yield nascent glass surfaces can be achieved by charging silicate glass particles to aqueous media in a vibrating or vibro energy mill and subjecting said particles to impacts of varying frequency and amplitude or by subjecting the solution and glass particles, during dissolution, to agitation of different intensity and duration in a vertically stacked series of dissolving chambers.

Abstract: A crystalline metal organosilicate having the composition, in its anhydrous state, as follows:0.9.+-.0.2[xR.sub.2 O+(1-x)M.sub.2/n O]:<0.005 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 :>1SiO.sub.2where M is a metal, other than a metal of Group IIIA, n is the valence of said metal, R is an alkyl ammonium radical and x is a number greater than 0 but not exceeding 1, said organosilicate being characterized by a specified X-ray diffraction pattern. Said organosilicate is prepared by digesting a reaction mixture comprising (R.sub.4 N).sub.2 O, sodium oxide, an oxide of a metal other than a metal of group IIIA, an oxide of silicon and water. The crystalline organosilicates are useful as adsorbents and in their catalytically active form as catalysts for organic compound conversion.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for substantially reducing the potassium oxide context of wood fly ash contained in the combustion products generated during the burning of wood particles. The method disclosed involves mixing an alkali metal silicate, a secondary alkali metal compound and silica with the wood particles, burning the mixture, and withdrawing a stable, potassium oxide containing silicate product from the flue gases.