Abstract: For producing crystalline sodium silicates having a layer structure, an SiO.sub.2 /Na.sub.2 O molar ratio of (1.9 to 2.1):1 and a water content of less than 0.3% by weight from a waterglass solution containing at least 20% by weight of solids, the waterglass solution is obtained by reacting quartz sand with sodium hydroxide solution at an SiO.sub.2 /Na.sub.2 O molar ratio of (2.0 to 2.3):1 at temperatures of 180.degree. to 240.degree. C. and pressures of 10 to 30 bar. This waterglass solution is treated in a spray-drying zone with hot air at 200.degree. to 300.degree. C. for a residence time of 10 to 25 seconds and at a temperature of the exit gas leaving the spray-drying zone of 90.degree. to 130.degree. C., to form a pulverulent amorphous sodium silicate having a water content (determined as the loss on ignition at 700.degree. C.) of 15 to 23% by weight and a bulk density of more than 300 g/l.

Abstract: A process for producing amorphous sodium silicates having a water content of 0.3 to 6% by weight and an SiO.sub.2 /Na.sub.2 O molar ratio of (1.9 to 2.8) : 1 from a waterglass solution containing at least 20% by weight of solids, the water-glass solution is obtained by reacting quartz sand with sodium hydroxide solution at an SiO.sub.2 /Na.sub.2 O molar ratio of (2.0 to 2.8) : 1 at temperatures of 180 to 240.degree. C. and pressures of 10 to 30 bar. This waterglass solution is treated in a spray-drying zone with hot air at 200 to 300.degree. C. for a residence time of 10 to 20 seconds and at a temperature of the exit gas leaving the spray-drying zone of 90.degree. to 130.degree. C., to form a pulverulent amorphous sodium silicate having a water content (determined as the loss on ignition at 700.degree. C.) of 15 to 23% by weight and a bulk density of more than 300 g/l.

Abstract: Method for producing alkali metal silicates from crystalline siliceous material and aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution at high temperature and normal pressure, characterized in that cristobalite and/or tempered quartz sand are used as the siliceous material, and this material is reacted with aqueous, 20 to 50 wt. % sodium or potassium hydroxide solution at temperatures of 100.degree. to 150.degree. C. and normal pressure, the molar ratio of SiO.sub.2 to Na.sub.2 O or K.sub.2 O in the reaction mixture being between 2:1 and 1:7.

Abstract: For the preparation of crystalline sodium silicates having a sheet structure and an SiO.sub.2 /Na.sub.2 O molar ratio of 1.9:1 to 3.5:1 from waterglass solutions having a solids content of 20 to 65% by weight, the waterglass solutions are first treated in a spray-drying zone. This gives a pulverulent amorphous sodium silicate having a maximum ignition loss of 20% by weight, while the waste gas leaving the spray-drying zone is at a temperature of at least 140.degree. C. Thereafter, the spray-dried sodium silicate is heated in an ignition zone containing an agitated solid bed at temperatures of 500.degree. to 800.degree. C. for 1 to 60 minutes in the presence of at least 10% by weight of recycled material. This recycled material was obtained by mechanical comminution of crystalline sodium silicate discharged from the ignition zone.

Abstract: To prepare crystalline sodium silicates having a layer structure and the formula Na.sub.2 Si.sub.x O.sub.2x+1, in which x is between 2 and 3, sand and soda are first fused in a molar ratio of SiO.sub.2 /Na.sub.2 O of 2 to 3.5 at temperature of 1200.degree. to 1400.degree. C. The water-glass obtained in pieces after the melt has cooled is ground to particle sizes of less than 2 mm before it is treated at temperatures of 600.degree. to 800.degree. C. for 10 to 120 minutes in an elongated reaction zone with mechanical circulation. Finally, the material leaving the reaction zone is ground to a particle fineness of less than 1 mm.

Abstract: A kenyaite-type phyllosilicate having a crystallographically single phase is produced by hydrothermally reacting a mixture containing amorphous silica, a sodium compound, a potassium compound and water at a tempeature of 100.degree.-180.degree. C. wherein the mixture has a composition providing the following molar ratios:H.sub.2 O/SiO.sub.2 : 15-20,sodium compound/SiO.sub.2 : 0.18-0.30potassium compound/SiO.sub.2 : 0.005-0.30sodium compound/potassium compound: 1.1-25.

Abstract: A process is provided for converting asbestoform material into an environmentally safe material by heating the asbestoform material with an alkaline flux so as to change the crystalline structure of the asbestoform material to a form that is environmentally safe.

Abstract: The direct hydrothermal production of high purity potassium silicate solutions having a high SiO.sub.2 : K.sub.2 O molar ratio by reaction of a silicon dioxide source with aqueous potassium hydroxide solutions is made possible by using a silicon dioxide source that contains a sufficient fraction of cristobalite phase, or by conditioning other crystalline forms of silicon dioxide by heating at or above 1100.degree. C., but below the melting point of silica, before the hydrothermal treatment. Preferably the potassium hydroxide solution has a concentration range of 10 to 40% by weight, and the reaction is carried out in a closed pressure reactor at temperatures of 150.degree. to 300.degree. C. and under saturated steam pressures corresponding to those temperatures.

Abstract: The direct hydrothermal production of high purity sodium silicate solutions having a high SiO.sub.2 : Na.sub.2 O molar ratio by reaction of a silicon dioxide source with aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions, or with aqueous sodium silicate solutions having a lower SiO.sub.2 : Na.sub.2 O molar ratio, is made possible by using a silicon dioxide source that contains a sufficient fraction of cristobalite phase, or by conditioning other crystalline forms of silicon dioxide by heating at or above 1100.degree. C., but below the melting point of silica, before the hydrothermal treatment. Preferably the sodium hydroxide solution has a concentration range of 10 to 50% by weight, and the reaction is carried out in a closed pressure reactor at temperatures of 150.degree. to 300.degree. C. and under saturated steam pressures corresponding to those temperatures.

Abstract: Sodipotassic copper tube silicate species of the family Na.sub.2--2x K.sub.2x CuSi.sub.4 O.sub.10 are synthesized by combining, with an organo silicate at essentially room temperature, stoichiometric amounts of a copper salt, and at least one salt of potassium and sodium, in an aqueous alcohol solution to form a gel. The gel is then sintered at elevated temperature and for a time sufficient to form a crystalline specie of Na.sub.2--2x K.sub.2x CuSi.sub.4 O.sub.10.

Abstract: Alkali metal silicate glass is mixed with water to form an aqueous alkali metal silicate glass suspension, then dried to form a flexible solid alkali metal silicate glass product which may be heated to above the boiling temperature of water to produce a cellular product. The flexible solid product may be utilized as a flexible film, as an adhesive, a coating agent and a binding agent. The foamed product may be used for thermal and sound insulation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of alkoxy, aryloxy, alkyl, and aryl cyclotetrasiloxanes from a metal silicate halide salt, Ca.sub.8 Si.sub.4 O.sub.12 Cl.sub.8.

Abstract: Alkali metal silicate glass is mixed with water to form an aqueous alkali metal silicate glass suspension, then dried to form a flexible solid alkali metal silicate glass product which may be heated to above the boiling temperature of water to produce a cellular product. The flexible solid product may be utilized as a flexible film, as an adhesive, a coating agent and a binding agent. The foamed product may be used for thermal and sound insulation.

Abstract: A process for the hydrothermal production of clear sodium silicate solutions by reacting sand and aqueous NaOH solution wherein an excess of 5 to 10% by weight of sand is used and the reaction is conducted in a rotating pressure vessel until 90 to 95% complete, after which it is transferred and completes in a blow-off vessel.

Abstract: Special absorbers or getters are incorporated in hermetically sealed electronic circuits with organic components, for example, with parylene passivations, silver conductive adhesives, and sealing materials. The getter material, preferably BaAl.sub.4, is dispersed as an extremely fine-grained powder in a gas permeable, inert silicone rubber having a composition which varies according to the application. In short- or long-term thermal loading, for example in power hybrid systems, the proposed getters make it possible to intercept any corrosive fission products such as CO, CO.sub.2, NO/NO.sub.2, and water of reaction to avoid premature aging.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of alkoxysilanes and alkoxysiloxanes from a silicate material, and for the further conversion to organosilanes and organosiloxanes. Methods for the preparation of silicate starting materials are also disclosed.

Abstract: A need exists for an economical process for the production of alkali silicates of high purity, especially soda-waterglass, from waste silicic acid. From a waste silicic acid occurring in the reaction of hexafluorosilicic acid with aluminum hydroxide, which is treated with hot 15-25% wt. hexafluorosilicic acid and then calcined preferably at 750.degree.-900.degree. C. in a flow of water vapor, alkali silicates can be obtained with low degree of impurity, which are suitable advantageously for the production of precipitated silicic acid.

Abstract: A process for producing corrosion inhibiting particles comprising binding corrosion inhibiting cations by ion-exchange to particles of silica or alumina, which preferably have a BET surface area of at least 500 m.sup.2 /g, to form cation exchanged particles, the cations of which are releasable by further ion-exchange, the BET surface area of the cation-exchanged particles being reduced, preferably to less than 150 m.sup.2 /g, by subjecting the cation-exchanged particles to a heat treatment which comprises heating the particles at a temperature of from 50.degree. to 120.degree. C. while maintaining the water content of the particles at more than 15% by weight, followed by heating with removal of water to dry the particles. An embodiment of the invention comprises heating a slurry of the cation exchanged particles followed by drying e.g. spray drying.

Abstract: This invention concerns a process for purifying silica produced from an alkali silicate aqueous solution, which usually contains more than 200 ppm of impurities, to silica containing less than 30 ppm of impurities. Concretely, the purification process of silica comprises: dispersing silica gel, containing a lot of impurities, in water and filtering the solution; dispersing the filtered out silica gel again in an aqueous solution of pH 2 or less and filtering the aqueous solution; putting the silica gel to heat-treatment and acid-treatment with continuous stirring in order to break the inside siloxane link and dissolve out impurities therefrom and filtering the acid solution; rinsing a produced cake with pure water to wash away the inside residual solution and drying the cake.

Abstract: Sodium silicate solutions are prepared by dissolving sand in sodium hydroxide solution at a pressure of at least 100 psig and at a temperature of at least 130.degree. C. to produce a sodium silicate solution having a silica to sodium oxide molar ratio of between 2.4:1 and 2.8:1, and activating said sodium silicate solution by reaction with from about 50 to 200 ppm of alumina.

Abstract: A process for the hydrothermal fusion of aluminum silicate and alkali aluminum silicates with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution under pressure and at elevated temperatures in the presence of soluble silicates, in which an aqueous solution containing from about 20 to about 50% by weight of NaOH is mixed with aluminum silicates and/or alkali aluminum silicates, and with a hydrothermally fusible silicate component, wherein the ratio by weight of SiO.sub.2 to Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 in the mixture amounts to at least 30:1 and the ratio by weight of SiO.sub.2 to Na.sub.2 O amounts to at least 1.5:1, and the mixtures are reacted at temperatures of from about 180.degree. to about 250.degree. C. and under the saturated steam pressures corresponding to those temperatures. The resulting sodium silicate solution, which contains the dissolved aluminum, is then separated off.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process for making catalytically active aluminosilicates from glasses by hydrothermal cristallization. The hydrothermal cristallization is more particularly effected in the presence of an aqueous solution of an inorganic alkali metal compound producing an alkaline reaction but in the absence of an amine. Useful alkali metal compounds comprise alkali metal carbonate, water glass, alkali metal hydroxide or alkali metal phosphate.The catalytically active aluminosilicates can be used for dehydrating alcohols, ethers and other oxygen-containing organic compounds with formation of hydrocarbons, or for isomerizing or alkylating hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a process for the manufacture of a sodium silicate solution in a continuous manner from a silicon dioxide-containing material, comprising continuously adding to a reaction zone a stream of said silicon dioxide-containing material and a stream of a sodium hydroxide-sodium carbonate solution, reacting said silicon dioxide-containing material and said sodium hydroxide-sodium carbonate at a temperature and pressure and for a time sufficient to form a sodium silicate solution, and recovering said sodium silicate solution from the reaction zone.

Abstract: A process for producing a citric acid soluble potassium silicate fertilizer comprises a step for kneading a mixture consisting essentially of potassium carbonate, fly ash, pulverized coal, other necessary starting materials and a caustic potash solution as a binder and then granulating the kneaded mixture, a step for drying the granulated product to a nearly absolutely dry state, and a step for calcining the dried granular product, whereby a chemical reaction takes place between the potassium and the silicon present in fly ash to convert them into a citric acid soluble potassium silicate.

Abstract: A new silica is formed by hydrothermally reacting an aqueous dispersion of silica and sodium hydroxide, under certain conditions, to form a partly polymerized silicate; spray drying the mixture to form spheres of polysilicate; reacting the spray dried polysilicate with sulfuric acid to form a synthetic silica; and then filtering, washing and drying the silica. This and other silicas having a BET surface area greater than 60 sq m/g, and oil absorption of 60-140 cc/100 g, and with at least 70% of the silica larger than 44 microns are useful as adsorbents in polyol purification.

Abstract: A method for disposal of sodium containing waste material comprising combustion sodium containing waste material and a silica bearing material in an incinerator having interior walls lined with a refractory material which tends to react with metallic sodium and deteriorate. The sodium containing waste material comprises sodium salt and/or bases and by providing reaction conditions whereby the metallic sodium tends to react with silica to provide a combustion product including a sodium silicate compound, the combustion is carried out in manner to reduce deterioration of refractory materials by reaction with metallic sodium. Also disclosed is a method for the simultaneous disposal of sodium containing waste material and rice hulls which contain silica and provide a portion of the combustion energy.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with a single-step process for hydrating alkali metal-containing silicate glasses starting with such fine-dimensioned forms as powders, granules, flakes, fibers, and thin sheets. The process, which contemplates hydration temperatures higher than 225.degree. C. and relative humidities less than 50%, permits the precise control of the quantity of water taken into the glass structure and, where the water content in the glass is held within about 1-25% by weight, the hydrated product of the above-cited powders, granules, etc., can be thermoplastically formed into sound bulk articles. A layer of the anhydrous powders can be applied to a substrate and then hydrated in situ to form glassy paints and coatings.

Abstract: There is provided a process for treating air-borne dust containing silicon dioxide in order to form a silicic acid or a silicate. The air-borne dust is dissolved in an alkali metal hydroxide solution to form an alkali metal silicate solution. The alkali metal silicate solution is purified by treating it with activated charcoal and/or oxidation agents. Non-decomposable substances remaining after the purification step are removed from the alkali metal silicate solution. The alkali metal silicate solution is then reacted with acids and/or salts of aluminum, magnesium and calcium. The resulting product is then filtered, washed and dried, and then comminuted to form a finely divided, amorphous, substantially pure, precipitated, silicic acid or silicate having a whiteness according to Berger at a wave length of 460 m.mu. of about 90 to about 95% and a specific surface area of about 30 to about 800 m.sup.2 /g BET.

Abstract: Solid alkaline silicates are continuously manufactured by the use of a rotary furnace including a tubular body rotating slowly with a slight rake, having an opening for charging the materials at its higher end, a burner at its lower end and several rectangular or squared holes for discharging the product in the lower end of its side wall. In the discharging holes are exteriorly fitted several interchangeable refractory bushings having different passage sections to regulate the product discharging rate according to the viscosity thereof. Preferably, the bushings are made up of two halves and means are provided on the outside of the furnace wall for retaining and positioning the bushings.

Abstract: A high sodium oxide composition suitable for use in the manufacture of glass and fiber glass is prepared by heating a sodium carbonate ore with a silicate or other source of glass making oxides such as clay or oil shale. The product obtained is rich in sodium, calcium and magnesium oxides and contains less than 35 weight percent SiO.sub.2. It may be substituted for soda ash in a glass batch and will reduce the fuel required in glass manufacturing.

Abstract: The alkali rich raw material batch required to produce soluble alkali metal silicate glass is effectively agglomerated by contacting a concentrated alkali metal silicate solution with the agitating raw materials. Hard agglomerates that are free-flowing, storable and provide important process advantages are formed.

Abstract: Alkaline silicates such as sodium metasilicate are prepared by a method that prevents unreacted batch ingredients to come in contact with furnace walls. The method also prevents any molten material from contacting the floor of the furnace. The raw materials and unreacted melt are confined to the central portion of the furnace by maintaining vigorous bubbling around the periphery of the melting furnace. The vigorous bubbling action prevents migration of unreacted raw material to the furnace walls. The bubbling eminates from means that extend up from the furnace floor and therefore, the portion of the material in the lower part of the furnace bed is in the solid state.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for increasing the output of high bulk density, hydrous sodium silicate which may be obtained by the spray drying of its aqueous solutions. This process involves the addition of certain additives to the aqueous sodium silicate solutions prior to their being spray dried.

Abstract: A method for producing alkali metal polysilicates is disclosed. Polysilicates, produced by hydrothermally reacting an aqueous dispersion of finely-divided silica and an alkali metal hydroxide are spray dried and the solid product is fractured and pulverized. The fractured mass is then pelletized employing the solubility of the polysilicates to form a free-flowing product having a continuous, even surface. Pelletization may be effected with or without the use of water and/or binders.

Abstract: Improved production of alkali metal silicate glass is achieved by vigorous steam bubbling through the molten glass bed during the preparation of glass by fusion. Such practice results in higher production using less fuel and the product glass is easier to dissolve and results in solutions of greater clarity.

Abstract: An improved method for producing alkalimetal polysilicates is disclosed. The polysilicates are produced by hydrothermally reacting an aqueous dispersion of finely-divided silica and an alkali metal hydroxide. The synthesized reaction mixture is then spray dried with the solid product then being fractured and pulverized. The fractured particles are thereafter pelletized and dried in a fluidized bed to produce a product having predetermined characteristics or properties. The product can be used in adhesives, in the production of silica gel, in textiles and the like. However, their use as builders in detergents and in combination with known anionic, nonionic and amphoteric surface active compounds (surfactants) is disclosed as being particularly advantageous.

Abstract: Spheroidal aggregates of highly absorbent, low bulk density, readily soluble, high surface area, hydrated, amorphous alkali metal silicate are provided by contacting discrete alkali metal silicate particles with an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide, absorbing the peroxide into the alkali metal silicate hydrated structure and heating the silicate to destroy substantially all of the hydrogen peroxide.