Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the production of sodium bicarbonate, particularly for producing sodium bicarbonate on an industrial scale, the method comprising the steps of: a. treating a carbonaceous feedstock to form a product stream comprising up to 10 v/v % carbon dioxide; b. capturing at least a portion of the carbon dioxide from the product stream to form a carbon dioxide stream; c. feeding the carbon dioxide stream to a reaction vessel; d. feeding an aqueous sodium carbonate solution to the reaction vessel; e. contacting at least a portion of the carbon dioxide stream with at least a portion of the aqueous sodium carbonate solution to form a slurry comprising solid sodium bicarbonate; and f. separating the solid component of the slurry from the liquid component of the slurry to provide solid sodium bicarbonate and an aqueous liquor.

Abstract: A system and method of treating sour water, including providing sour water having hydrosulfide ions and a carbon-containing compound to an anodic chamber of an electrolyzer vessel, converting the hydrosulfide ions into sulfate ions in the anodic chamber via an oxido half-reaction of a first oxido-reduction reaction and generating carbon dioxide in the anodic chamber via an oxido half-reaction of a second oxido-reduction reaction associated with the carbon-containing compound. The technique includes reacting the carbon dioxide with hydroxide ions in the anodic chamber to generate bicarbonate ions. The technique includes discharging an anodic chamber solution having the sulfate ions and the bicarbonate ions from the electrolyzer vessel from the anodic chamber.

Abstract: A method for preparing industrial grade lithium carbonate from crude lithium fluoride includes the following steps: a, pulping by stirring crude lithium fluoride into a pulp, and adding an acid to prepare a crude lithium fluoride pulp-like material; b, double decomposition by adding the lithium fluoride pulp-like material obtained in the step a into a boiling calcium chloride solution, and then adding an alkaline substance to obtain a lithium chloride solution; c, lithium carbonate precipitation by heating the lithium chloride solution obtained in the step b, adding a carbonate solution according to the mass of lithium in the lithium chloride solution, stirring at a constant temperature, and filtering, wherein the filter cake is a lithium carbonate product. The lithium fluoride is decomposed at one time in a low-acidity environment; fluoride ions are removed; and a double decomposition reaction is used to decompose the lithium fluoride into lithium ions and calcium fluoride precipitates.

Abstract: A process for producing sodium bicarbonate from a sodium carbonate bearing stream (A) comprising at least 2% sodium chloride and/or sodium sulfate by weight, a part of such stream (A) being generated by a sodium carbonate crystallizer, comprising: a) mixing the stream (A) with part of a stream (B) to produce a stream (C); b) bicarbonating the stream (C) with a gas (D) comprising CO2 to produce an aqueous suspension (E) containing crystals (F) comprising sodium bicarbonate crystals; c) separating the aqueous suspension (E) to obtain crystals (F) comprising sodium bicarbonate crystals and an aqueous mother liquor (G); d) partly debicarbonating such liquor (G) and removing part of the water to obtain the stream (B) and an optional gas (H); e) recycling at least part of the stream (B) to step a); and f) removing the remainder of the stream (B) or part of the aqueous mother liquor (G) to be further processed.

Abstract: A process of and system for sequestering carbon (CO2) produced in coal and gas burning hydrogen production plants, resulting in the production of hydrogen at current market prices or less without carbon emission.

Abstract: A process for preparing sodium bicarbonate particles, comprising the steps of: (a) adding at least one alkali metal carbonate to an aqueous solution in order to form an aqueous composition; wherein the alkali metal carbonate comprises sodium carbonate and wherein the aqueous composition comprises at least one polycarboxylic acid and/or the salts thereof, in an amount of at least 200 ppm based on the weight of the aqueous composition; and (b) precipitating solid particles comprising sodium bicarbonate crystals and separating said sodium bicarbonate particles from the aqueous composition, in order to obtain sodium bicarbonate particles and an aqueous mother liquor.

Abstract: All of the methods and devices disclosed and claimed herein can be made and executed without undue experimentation in light of the present disclosure. While the methods and devices of this invention have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those of skill in the art that variations may be applied to the methods and devices and in the steps or in the sequence of steps of the method described herein without departing from the concept, spirit, and scope of the invention. More specifically, it will be apparent that certain compositions which are chemically related may be substituted for the compositions described herein while the same or similar results would be achieved. All such similar substitutes and modifications apparent to those skilled in the art are deemed to be within the spirit, scope, and concept of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Abstract: A process for the production of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate out of trona, comprising crushing trona ore and dissolving it in a leaching tank containing a solution comprising sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, and an additive selected from the group consisting of: phosphates, phospholipids, carboxylates, carboxilic acids, and combinations thereof, saturated in sodium bicarbonate, in order to produce solid particles suspended in a production solution comprising sodium carbonate, the solid particles containing insoluble impurities and at least 65% by weight of sodium bicarbonate. The solid particles are separated from the production solution containing sodium carbonate. At least part of the production solution containing sodium carbonate is taken out of the leaching tank.

Abstract: A process for producing sodium bicarbonate from a sodium carbonate bearing stream (A) comprising sodium carbonate and an alkaline metal salt impurity at a concentration Ci(A), comprising: a) mixing the stream (A) with part of a stream (B), b) bicarbonating the resulting mixed stream with a gas comprising CO2 to produce an aqueous suspension comprising sodium bicarbonate crystals (F), c) separating the sodium bicarbonate crystals (F) from the aqueous liquor (G), d) partly debicarbonating at least part of (G) and removing part of the water of (G) to obtain the stream (B) with the salt impurity at a concentration Cf(B), e) recycling part of the stream (B) to step a) so that the ratio of the concentrations Cf(B)/Ci(A) of the impurity is at least: 1.4, and f) removing the remainder (I) of the stream (B) or the remainder (J) of the liquor (G) to be further processed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of precipitation of metal ions. Mineral(s), oxide(s), hydroxide(s) of magnesium and/or calcium are adopted as raw materials, and the raw material(s) is processed through at least one step of calcination, slaking, or carbonization to produce aqueous solution(s) of magnesium bicarbonate and/or calcium bicarbonate, and then the solution(s) is used as precipitant(s) to deposit rare earth, such as nickel, cobalt, iron, aluminum, gallium, indium, manganese, cadmium, zirconium, hafnium, strontium, barium, copper and zinc ions. And at least one of metal carbonates, hydroxides or basic carbonates is obtained, or furthermore the obtained products are calcined to produce metal oxides. The invention takes the cheap calcium and/or magnesium minerals or their oxides, hydroxides with low purity as raw materials to instead common precipitants such as ammonium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate etc.

Abstract: A process for producing soda ash from brine waste, the process including reacting brine waste with carbon dioxide and ammonia to produce soda ash, where in at least a portion of the ammonia is regenerated from the ammonium chloride produced during the reaction, the regeneration ideally be achieved by the use of a weak base anion exchange resin.

Abstract: A particulate sodium bicarbonate product with an excellent flowability characterized by an angle of repose less than 30 degrees. An angle of repose of less than 27.5 is particularly good. The product is preferably in the form of ovoid or spherical particles, in that the particles have a mean axial ratio of at least 0.5. In some embodiments, the sodium bicarbonate product has a smooth particle surface in which less than 75% of the particle surface is covered with spikes. The particles may have a mean diameter D50 of at least 75 microns but less than 300 microns. The particulate sodium bicarbonate product comprises inorganic and organic impurities embedded in its polycrystalline structure, for example at least 75 ppm TOC; or at least 30 ppm Ca; or from 1 to 18 ppm Mg; or more than 0.6 g/kg NaCl; and/or from 100 to less than 500 ppm Si. A process for manufacturing such product, and its use for the treatment of pollutants in gases such as removal of acid gas.

Abstract: The present invention addresses the problem of: providing an apparatus and method for generating fine bubbles in a plurality of processing surfaces in a plurality of processing members disposed in opposition so as to be capable of being brought together and moved apart, at least one being capable of relative rotation with respect to the other; as well as providing a method for reacting fine bubbles using a method for generating fine bubbles. Provided are: a plurality of processing members disposed in opposition so as to be capable of being brought together and moved apart, at least one being capable of relative rotation with respect to the other; processing surfaces provided in mutually opposed positions in the respective processing members; and at least two independent flow path communicating with the space between the processing surfaces.

Abstract: The proposed invention uses a classical chemical equation where carbon dioxide CO2 is reacted with quick lime Ca(OH)2 to produce soda carb NaHCO3 and concentrating it to 6% using advanced membrane and resin technology. The invention requires three chemicals CO2, Ca(OH)2, and sodium chloride NaCl to produce NaHCO3. The output of many industrial processes lacks waste heat and in many instances CO2 and the present invention combines a solid waste processing unit to the above processes which allows the production of solid products or high % liquors. Availability of waste heat sources can lead to high efficiency in NaHCO3, Na2CO3, and NaOH production. The process is not chloro-alkali electrochemical or Solvay column ammonia processing technique. Advanced membrane uses technologies of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration systems while resin technology uses ion exchange systems. Therefore, we conveniently call it the solid waste-quicklime membrane SWQM process.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel process for the synthesis of 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-benz[1,3]oxazin-4-one, the process comprising of reacting the salicylic acid with salicylamide in the presence of p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, base and solvent. The use of 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-benz[1,3]oxazin-4-one in the preparation of Deferasirox is also disclosed in the invention.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to methods of selectively removing lithium from various liquids, methods of producing high purity lithium carbonate, methods of producing high purity lithium hydroxide, and methods of regenerating resin.

Abstract: A solution mining method for recovering alkali values from a cavity of an underground ore formation comprising trona and/or wegscheiderite; a manufacturing process using such method to make sodium-based product(s); and a sodium-based product obtained therefrom. The method comprises: an ore dissolution phase (a) in which the incongruent double-salt in trona and/or wegscheiderite is dissolved from an ore face in a first solvent, and a cavity cleaning phase (b) in which sodium bicarbonate deposited on the ore face during the dissolution phase (a) is dissolved into a second aqueous solvent having a higher pH, hydroxide content, and/or temperature and is partly or completely converted in situ to sodium carbonate. The method further comprises withdrawing a liquor resulting from either phase to the ground surface, optionally recycling some liquor to the cavity; and passing some liquor through a crystallizer, a reactor, and/or an electrodialyser, to form at least one sodium-based product which is recovered.

Abstract: A process for the production of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate out of trona, comprising crushing trona ore and dissolving it in a leaching tank containing a solution comprising sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, and an additive selected from the group consisting of: phosphates, phospholipids, carboxylates, carboxilic acids, and combinations thereof, saturated in sodium bicarbonate, in order to produce solid particles suspended in a production solution comprising sodium carbonate, the solid particles containing insoluble impurities and at least 65% by weight of sodium bicarbonate. The solid particles are separated from the production solution containing sodium carbonate. At least part of the production solution containing sodium carbonate is taken out of the leaching tank.

Abstract: A method for evaluating the caking property of sodium hydrogencarbonate crystal particles, characterized in that sodium hydrogencarbonate crystal particles are hermetically sealed in a packaging material having a water vapor transmission rate of at least 3 g/(m2·24 h) (at 40° C. with a relative humidity difference of 90%) as stipulated in JIS K7129 and left at rest at a temperature of from 17 to 35° C. at a carbon dioxide gas concentration of from 0.03 to 0.05 vol % at a relative humidity of from 40 to 95% for from 2 weeks to 3 months, and the proportion of agglomerated sodium hydrogencarbonate crystal particles is determined to evaluate the caking tendency. A novel test method for evaluating the caking property of sodium hydrogencarbonate crystal particles, capable of providing results of the caking property test with high reproducibility, quantitatively with high versatility, can be provided.

Abstract: A method of producing crystals of crystallizable mineral salt comprises introducing an effluent comprising a dissolved crystallizable mineral salt at a temperature higher than the mineral salt crystallization temperature to a crystallization pond area to provide a pond solution; cooling the pond solution to provide cooling crystallization promoting conditions effective to form a crystalline mineral salt deposit; stopping the flow of the effluent; draining remaining spent liquor to a liquor pond area; and recovering the deposit. Cooling the pond solution may comprise exposure to cool ambient temperatures which are lower than the crystallization temperature. Preferably, the mineral salt includes or is sodium carbonate decahydrate; the pond solution comprises less than 10% NaCl; and/or the decahydrate deposit is sent or recycled to a soda ash plant. The deposit thus formed by cooling crystallization has a higher purity, lower hardness, and/or lower density than a deposit formed by evaporative crystallization.

Abstract: A material with cationic exchanger properties is introduced into aqueous media, where the equilibriums of carbon dioxide dissolution take place. A cationic exchanger material x/nM+nEx? is used to capture hydronium cations (H3O+) according to: x/nM+nEx?(s)+xH3O+(aq)=xH3O+Ex?(s)+x/nM+n(aq) where “x” stands for molar amount of the anionic centers of charge of the cationic exchanger material Ex? balanced by x/n molar amount of metal M, “n” stands for the metal valence, and M is selected from the group consisting of 1A and/or 2A of the periodic table of elements. This capture of the hydronium cations, H3O+, shifts certain reaction equilibriums to the right, according to Le Chatelier's principle, producing more bicarbonate, HCO3?, and/or carbonate, CO3=, than would otherwise be obtained.

Abstract: Ultra-fine sodium bicarbonate powder (mean particle size less than 5 microns) is produced by the mixing and reaction under agitation at control temperatures of solutions of ammonium bicarbonate and sodium chloride. Precipitated sodium bicarbonate is separated by filtration as a slurry which is dried to produce ultra-fine sodium bicarbonate. Ultra-fine sodium bicarbonate produced by this method also exhibits a narrow particle size distribution which is advantageous in blowing agents for thermoplastic resins, to produce a foamed resin with small cells of a narrow size distribution.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to methods of selectively removing lithium from various liquids, methods of producing high purity lithium carbonate, methods of producing high purity lithium hydroxide, and methods of regenerating resin.

Abstract: A process for producing sodium hydrogencarbonate crystal particles having a low caking property, which entails subjecting sodium hydrogencarbonate crystal particles having an average particle size of from 50 to 500 ?m based on the mass to heat treatment at a temperature of from 70 to 95° C. by a heating gas having a carbon dioxide gas concentration of at most the concentration calculated by the formula: Carbon dioxide gas concentration=0.071×e(0.1×T)×R(?0.0005×T?0.9574), where T (° C.) is the temperature of sodium hydrogencarbonate crystals, and R (%) is the relative humidity around the crystals at the temperature of the crystals, provided that the upper limit of the carbon dioxide gas concentration is 100 vol % to form anhydrous sodium carbonate on the surface of the sodium hydrogencarbonate crystal particles with a content of anhydrous sodium carbonate of from 0.03 to 0.4 mass % in the sodium hydrogencarbonate crystals.

Abstract: Process for producing sodium bicarbonate for purifying flue gases, according to which an aqueous solution containing sodium sulfate is subjected to electrodialysis to produce a sodium hydroxide solution and a sodium bisulfate solution, the sodium hydroxide solution being carbonated in order to obtain sodium bicarbonate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for permanent deformation of keratin fibers comprising the steps of : providing the keratin fibers with mechanical fibers a composition comprising one or several sources of ions of formula: wherein X is a group selected from the group consisting of O?, OH, NH2, O—OH, and O—COO?; then placing the keratin fibers in an occlusive space; and then heating the keratin fibers. The present invention also relates to an agent and a kit to be used for the above process.

Abstract: A method for producing carbon using less thermal energy is disclosed. Crystalline cellulose and acidic electrolyzed water are introduced into a reaction vessel. The mixture is heated until it reaches a predetermined temperature (230° C. to 250° C.) while being stirred. When the mixture reached the predetermined temperature, this temperature is maintained, and the mixture is kept heated while being stirred for a predetermined period of time (30 minutes). Thereby, carbon is produced in the reaction vessel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for purifying impure lithium bicarbonate by means of a cation exchange resin. In addition to solution purification by ion exchange, the treatment stages include the regeneration of impurity metals bound to the resin. Regeneration consists of washing the resin with water, elution with acid solution, washing with water, neutralisation with alkali solution and washing with water. It is characteristic of the method that neutralisation is performed with sodium hydroxide solution.

Abstract: The proposed invention uses a classical chemical equation where carbon dioxide CO2 is reacted with quick lime Ca(OH)2 to produce soda carb NaHCO3 and concentrating it to 6% using advanced membrane and resin technology. The invention requires three chemicals CO2, Ca(OH)2, and sodium chloride NaCl to produce NaHCO3. The output of many industrial processes lacks waste heat and in many instances CO2 and the present invention combines a solid waste processing unit to the above processes which allows the production of solid products or high % liquors. Availability of waste heat sources can lead to high efficiency in NaHCO3, Na2CO3, and NaOH production. The process is not chloro-alkali electrochemical or Solvay column ammonia processing technique. Advanced membrane uses technologies of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration systems while resin technology uses ion exchange systems. Therefore, we conveniently call it the solid waste-quicklime membrane SWQM process.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to methods of selectively removing lithium from various liquids, methods of producing high purity lithium carbonate, methods of producing high purity lithium hydroxide, and methods of regenerating resin.

Abstract: This invention is directed to compositions of matter comprising a hydride ion having a binding energy greater than about 0.8 eV. The claimed hydride ions may be combined with cations, including a proton, to form novel hydrides.

Abstract: Process for the joint production of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate crystals, according to which: a solid powder derived from sodium sesquicarbonate, having a mean particle diameter comprised between 0.1 and 10 mm is dissolved in water; the resulting water solution is introduced into a crystallizer, wherein a first water suspension comprising sodium carbonate crystals is produced; the first water suspension is subjected to a separation, in order to produce crystals comprising sodium carbonate on the one hand, which are valorized, and a mother liquor on the other hand; and a part of the mother liquor is taken out of the crystallizer and put into contact in, a gas liquid contactor, with a gas comprising carbon dioxide, in order to produce a second water suspension comprising sodium bicarbonate crystals, which are separated and valorized. A reagent powder comprising sodium bicarbonate crystals made by such process.

Abstract: A method of producing crystals of crystallizable mineral salt comprises introducing an effluent comprising a dissolved crystallizable mineral salt at a temperature higher than the mineral salt crystallization temperature to a crystallization pond area to provide a pond solution; cooling the pond solution to provide cooling crystallization promoting conditions effective to form a crystalline mineral salt deposit; stopping the flow of the effluent; draining remaining spent liquor to a liquor pond area; and recovering the deposit. Cooling the pond solution may comprise exposure to cool ambient temperatures which are lower than the crystallization temperature. Preferably, the mineral salt includes or is sodium carbonate decahydrate; the pond solution comprises less than 10% NaCl; and/or the decahydrate deposit is sent or recycled to a soda ash plant. The deposit thus formed by cooling crystallization has a higher purity, lower hardness, and/or lower density than a deposit formed by evaporative crystallization.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of attenuating or preventing acute kidney injury occurring in a subject following cardiac surgery involving cardio-pulmonary bypass. The method comprises administration of at least one agent which cause alkalinization of urine to the subject at a level effective to cause alkalinization of the subject's urine. Preferably the agent which cause alkalinization of urine is selected from the group consisting of sodium bicarbonate, lactate, acetate, citrate, tromethamine and combinations thereof and is most preferably sodium bicarbonate.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for capturing, separating, transforming, and sequestering carbon wherein said apparatus dissociates a carbon containing feedstock material and reacts the resulting gases with a system-produced brine to create four products: 1) a sodium based carbonate or bicarbonate, 2) ammonium chloride, 3) fresh water, and 4) a multi-purpose building material. End product (1) may be sequestered in any of several ways for durable and long term storage. End product (2) may be used for nutrient enrichment. End products (3) and (4) may be distributed to human populations.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for removing carbon dioxide and other pollutants from a gas stream are provided. The methods include obtaining hydroxide in an aqueous mixture, and mixing the hydroxide with the gas stream to produce carbonate and/or bicarbonate. Some of the apparatuses of the present invention comprise an electrolysis chamber for providing hydroxide and mixing equipment for mixing the hydroxide with a gas stream including carbon dioxide to form an admixture including carbonate and/or bicarbonate.

Abstract: A base-facilitated process for producing hydrogen. Hydrogen is produced from a reaction of carbonaceous matter with a base and water, preferably through the formation of a bicarbonate or carbonate by-product. The base-facilitated hydrogen-producing reactions are thermodynamically more spontaneous and are able to produce hydrogen gas at less extreme reaction conditions than conventional reformation or gasification reactions of carbonaceous matter. In another embodiment, the instant reactions permit the production of hydrogen from carbonaceous matter without the production of carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide. In a preferred embodiment, the carbonaceous matter is coal or a derivative thereof.

Abstract: A method of producing hydrogen gas from a reaction of an organic substance having multiple alcohol functionality with a base. Hydrogen can be produced in a reaction of a base with an organic substance having multiple alcohol functionality that may proceed through the formation of a bicarbonate or carbonate compound as a byproduct. In some embodiments, the reaction may occur in the presence of water. The preferred organic substances include diols, triols, and higher order alcohols. Non-cyclic (linear or branched) organic substances having multiple alcohol functionality are among the preferred reactants. The instant base-facilitated hydrogen-producing reactions are thermodynamically more spontaneous than the corresponding conventional reformation reactions of the organic substances and can produce hydrogen at less extreme reaction conditions. The preferred reactants further include low volatility organic substances having multiple alcohol functionality.

Abstract: A base-facilitated reformation reaction. Hydrogen is produced from a reaction of an organic substance with a base to form bicarbonate ion or carbonate ion as a by-product. The base-facilitated reformation reactions are thermodynamically more spontaneous than conventional reformation reactions and are able to produce hydrogen gas at less extreme reaction conditions than conventional reformation reactions. In one embodiment, the instant base-facilitated reactions produce hydrogen gas from an organic substance at a lower temperature than is possible for the production of hydrogen gas from the organic substance in a conventional reformation reaction. In another embodiment, the instant base-facilitated reformation reactions produce hydrogen gas from an organic substance at a faster rate at a particular temperature than is possible from the conventional reformation reaction of the organic substance.

Abstract: Sodium hydrogencarbonate crystal particles excellent in anti-caking property and anti-thermal decomposition property, and its production process, are provided. Sodium hydrogencarbonate crystal particles whose color 1 second after dropping of a phenolphthalein solution having a predetermined composition, is R=245 to 255, G=243 to 255 and B=245 to 255 in RGB 256 tone notation. The sodium hydrogencarbonate crystal particles are produced by subjecting sodium hydrogencarbonate crystal particles to a bicarbonation treatment in a humidified carbon dioxide gas atmosphere.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for treating alkali metals such as sodium charged with tritium or components contaminated with alkali metals such as sodium charged with tritium, in which the alkali metal is reacted with liquid water or water vapor, so as to obtain hydrogen and tritiated hydrogen, characterized in that the hydrogen and the tritiated hydrogen are subjected, in a recombiner (2) to a treatment of catalytic recombination by the addition of oxygen so as to obtain water and tritiated water, and in that the water and the tritiated water are treated so that they are not discharged into the environment. The invention also relates to a plant for carrying out the process.

Abstract: A process for producing hydrogen gas from a reaction of an organic substance and a base with a recycling of a carbonate or bicarbonate by-product and a regeneration of the base. In one embodiment, reaction of an organic substance and a base produces hydrogen gas and a metal carbonate. The instant invention provides recycling of the metal carbonate by-product. In a preferred embodiment, the metal carbonate by-product is soluble and recycling includes a three step process. In a first step, the soluble metal carbonate is reacted with a metal hydroxide to form a weakly soluble or insoluble metal carbonate that precipitates in a metathesis reaction. The metal hydroxide reactant of the hydrogen producing reaction is also formed in the metathesis reaction and remains in solution. Precipitation of the carbonate thus permits ready isolation of the carbonate by-product, while leaving behind an aqueous metal hydroxide phase that can be returned to and further utilized in the hydrogen producing reaction.

Abstract: A sodium-based dechlorinating agent is added to a flue gas; hydrogen chloride contained in this flue gas is removed as residue of dechlorination; the thus removed residue of dechlorination is dissolved by adding water; water-insoluble constituents are separated from the resulting aqueous solution; and after adjusting pH of the aqueous solution remaining after separation of the water-insoluble constituents, mercury, dioxin, and the like are removed and discharged. The sodium-based dechlorinating agent is mixed with a hydrophilic anti-caking agent, with an angle of repose of 40° or more, a dispersibility of less than 50, and a floodability index value of less than 90. This permits inhibition of occurrence of a pressure drop and leakage in the filter cloth of the dust collector.

Abstract: A unique process for deactivating residual sodium in Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor (LMFBR) systems which uses humidified (but not saturated) carbon dioxide at ambient temperature and pressure to convert residual sodium into solid sodium bicarbonate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to extract and sequester carbon dioxide (CO2) from a stream or volume of gas wherein said method and apparatus hydrates CO2, and reacts the resulting carbonic acid with carbonate. Suitable carbonates include, but are not limited to, carbonates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, preferably carbonates of calcium and magnesium. Waste products are metal cations and bicarbonate in solution or dehydrated metal salts, which when disposed of in a large body of water provide an effective way of sequestering CO2 from a gaseous environment.

Abstract: A method of producing sodium bicarbonate having a high degree of purity and obtaining a net reduction in effluent waste water, as compared to prior processes, when starting from trona ore is disclosed. The process entails utilizing the waste-water effluent stream from the conversion of trona ore to sodium carbonate as the feed for the conversion of sodium carbonate to sodium bicarbonate.

Abstract: A method for producing sodium bicarbonate from a nahcolite deposit comprising injecting water or other aqueous solution at a temperature of at least 250° F. into the deposit, dissolving sodium bicarbonate in the hot water to form a production solution and subjecting the production solution to multiple stages of crystallization. The sodium bicarbonate crystals may be dewatered and dried to form a commercial sodium bicarbonate product.

Abstract: Methodology for formulating sodium bicarbonate and potassium sulfate. In one embodiment, sodium sulfate and ammonium bicarbonate are reacted to form sodium bicarbonate with the remaining liquor or brine treated with sulfuric acid to remove carbonates with subsequent precipitation of potassium sulfate. A further embodiment employs ammonium bicarbonate, ammonia gas or carbon dioxide to precipitate sodium bicarbonate. The result of the methods is the production of high quality fertilizer and food grade sodium bicarbonate.

Abstract: n the manufacture of sodium carbonate having increased CO2 uptakes the carbonation reaction to form sodium bicarbonate is enhanced by the addition of particular amounts of a cationic quaternary amine, selected from the family of dialkylethoxylated quaternary salts, benzylalkyl quaternary salts, or a combination of quaternary salts from these families, to treat the 25-30% by weight sodium carbonate liquor prior to filtration. The manufactured product yields a modified sodium carbonate liquor product that, when crystallized and converted to any anhydrous product, is more readily carbonated with CO2 in the production of sodium bicarbonate. The cationic additive reacts with organic materials in the sodium carbonate liquor to form solid polymeric by-products. Thus the treatment with a cationic compound is made prior to filtering the liquor. After filtering to remove the polymeric by-products and other solid materials, the liquor is evaporated or crystallized to produce a purified and modified sodium carbonate.

Abstract: Process of crystallization of sodium bicarbonate from solution mined Nahcolite pregnant liquor comprising the use of from about 2 to 100 parts per million of lecithin, introduced full strength, made miscible in water with a soap or detergent, saponified with NaOH at a pH of 10-12, or preferably as a mixture of lecithin in pregnant or barren liquor containing HCO3−/CO3= ions at a pH in the range of from about 8 to 12, preferaby 8-10. The lecithin functions as a crystal growth modifier, producing improved crystal yields, product size classification, improved crystal shape including reduction in dendritic, branched and twinned forms, very significant scale reduction, reduction in wet cake moisture, increase in product bulk density, reduction in both oversize and undersize fractions (the classification phenomenon) and less breakage during drying and handling.