Abstract: A method for producing sodium hydrogencarbonate crystal particles having a low caking property, which comprises lowering the potassium concentration in sodium hydrogencarbonate crystal particles having a mean particle diameter of from 50 to 500 &mgr;m to a level of at most 50 mass ppm.

Abstract: A novel method of producing metal chlorates is described which involves the reaction of ammonium chlorate with metal carbonates and/or metal bicarbonates. The reaction yields extremely pure metal chlorate, as well as ammonia and carbon dioxide by-products. These by-products combine to produce ammonium bicarbonate. The ammonium bicarbonate may then be reacted with sodium chlorate to produce ammonium chlorate, which may be recycled for use in the production of metal chlorates.

Abstract: n the manufacture of sodium carbonate having increased CO2 uptakes the carbonation reaction to form sodium bicarbonate is enhanced by the addition of particular amounts of a cationic quaternary amine, selected from the family of dialkylethoxylated quaternary salts, benzylalkyl quaternary salts, or a combination of quaternary salts from these families, to treat the 25-30% by weight sodium carbonate liquor prior to filtration. The manufactured product yields a modified sodium carbonate liquor product that, when crystallized and converted to any anhydrous product, is more readily carbonated with CO2 in the production of sodium bicarbonate. The cationic additive reacts with organic materials in the sodium carbonate liquor to form solid polymeric by-products. Thus the treatment with a cationic compound is made prior to filtering the liquor. After filtering to remove the polymeric by-products and other solid materials, the liquor is evaporated or crystallized to produce a purified and modified sodium carbonate.

Abstract: A method of producing additional sodium bicarbonate having a high degree of purity and obtaining a net reduction in effluent waste water, as compared to prior processes, when starting from trona ore is disclosed. The process entails utilizing the waste-water effluent stream from the conversion of trona ore to sodium carbonate as the feed for the conversion of sodium carbonate to sodium bicarbonate.

Abstract: A sodium-based dechlorinating agent g is added to a flue gas G6; hydrogen chloride contained in this flue gas is removed as residue of dechlorination; the thus removed residue of dechlorination is dissolved by adding water i; water-insoluble constituents k are separated from the resulting aqueous solution j; and after adjusting pH of the aqueous solution 1 remaining after separation of the water-insoluble constituents k, mercury, dioxin and the like are removed and discharged. The sodium-based dechlorinating agent g is mixed with a hydrophilic anti-caking agent, with an angle of repose of 40° or more, a dispersibility of less than 50, and a floodability index value of less than 90. A mean particle diameter of sodium hydrogencarbonate is set within a range of from 2 &mgr;m to 30 &mgr;m. The hydrophilic anti-caking agent comprises silica, and is contained in an amount of 0.1 mass % or more in the sodium-based dechlorinating agent.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for formulating food grade sodium bicarbonate by purification of a sodium bicarbonate liquor where an initial saturated feedstock of sodium bicarbonate which contains sodium sulfate as an impurity is filtered to remove the impurities and a first filtrate liquor formed. The filtrate liquor is then subjected to ion exchange with a cationic resin to reduce the calcium and magnesium ion concentration present in the filtrate liquor with subsequent cooling of the liquor. The cooled liquor is also treated with a source of ammonia or ammonium ions to shift the solubility of the compounds to retain sodium sulfate in solution while precipitating sodium bicarbonate with reduced sulfate occlusions. The precipitated sodium bicarbonate is then filtered to result in a food grade sodium bicarbonate product.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of residual liquors from the ammoniation and carbonation of alkali metal salts containing ammonium salts, sodium salts, soluble sodium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate and water and producing purified ammonium salts, comprising the steps of: eliminating the sodium bicarbonate, and ammonium bicarbonate mixed in the residual liquor by mixing sulfuric acid with the residual liquor in order to obtain a solution of an ammonium salt and a sodium salt; and separating the sodium salt from the solution or mixing the solution with sodium chloride crystals in order to obtain a magma containing sodium salt crystals and ammonium chloride crystals and separating the sodium salt crystals and the ammonium chloride crystals from the magma.

Abstract: Solid pulverulent reactive composition for the purification of a gas, the said composition comprising sodium bicarbonate and a caking inhibitor for sodium bicarbonate comprising lignite coke and/or a magnesium compound comprising magnesium (hydr)oxide. Process for the purification of a gas, according to which a reactive composition comprising sodium bicarbonate which is substantially devoid of silica is introduced into the gas and the gas is subjected to removal of dust.

Abstract: An acid component-removing agent which comprises sodium hydrogencarbonate having a volume-based mean particle diameter of from 1 to 9 &mgr;m as measured by a laser diffraction and scattering method.

Abstract: A process for the production of soda ash by withdrawing an aqueous mining solution containing dissolved sodium carbonate and at least about 1 wt % sodium bicarbonate from an underground alkali source; stripping CO2 gas from the withdrawn aqueous mining solution, to convert sodium bicarbonate dissolved therein to sodium carbonate; co-crystallizing sodium carbonate monohydrate and sodium sesquicarbonate by evaporation of water from the CO2-stripped aqueous mining solution, without co-crystallization of anhydrous sodium carbonate, to form a slurry of crystalline solids in an aqueous liquor; recovering crystalline solids from the slurry; and calcining the recovered crystalline solids to produce soda ash.

Abstract: A sodium-based dechlorinating agent g is added to a flue gas G6; hydrogen chloride contained in this flue gas is removed as residue of dechlorination; the thus removed residue of dechlorination is dissolved by adding water i; water-insoluble constituents k are separated from the resulting aqueous solution j; and after adjusting pH of the aqueous solution l remaining after separation of the water-insoluble constituents k, mercury, dioxin and the like are removed and discharged. The sodium-based dechlorinating agent g is mixed with a hydrophilic anti-caking agent, with an angle of repose of 40° or more, a dispersibility of less than 50, and a floodability index value of less than 90. A mean particle diameter of sodium hydrogencarbonate is set within a range of from 2 &mgr;m to 30 &mgr;m. The hydrophilic anti-caking agent comprises silica, and is contained in an amount of 0.1 mass % or more in the sodium-based dechlorinating agent.

Abstract: A process for forming useful sodium salts by uniquely processing dilute brine solutions having sodium bicarbonate concentrations is disclosed. The dilute brine is reduced in sodium bicarbonate content to prevent precipitation of the sodium bicarbonate in subsequent crystallization of sodium carbonate decahydrate. The reduced brine is directed to a crystallizer operated to form pure sodium carbonate decahydrate crystals and a carbonate/bicarbonate containing mother liquor. The mother liquor is then recycled as a portion of said aqueous solvent to be used in the solution mining of the ore deposit.

Abstract: An improved method of purifying sodium carbonate from a natural source whereby a dissolved sodium carbonate product is treated with a cationic compound, such as a quaternary amine, to react with carbon-containing contaminants and filtering the product. The filtered modified sodium carbonate solution is then crystallized and dried. The modified sodium carbonate has a greater reactivity or uptake of carbon dioxide for the manufacture of sodium bicarbonate than conventional sodium carbonates.

Abstract: A solution mining process for recovering sodium values from an underground deposit of a sodium bicarbonate containing ore is disclosed. The process involves contacting the ore with an aqueous sodium carbonate-containing solution to produce a dilute brine which is stripped with steam to reduce the bicarbonate content and increase the carbonate content. The dilute carbonate/bicarbonate solution from the stripper is fed to a sodium carbonate decahydrate crystallizer to produce pure sodium carbonate decahydrate crystals and a mother liquor containing less than about 4% sodium bicarbonate.

Abstract: A process for producing sodium salts, which comprises adding solid sodium carbonate to a first aqueous solution containing sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogencarbonate, to prepare a second aqueous solution, precipitating, separating and recovering from the second aqueous solution sodium sesquicarbonate crystals containing at least 50 mol % of the sodium hydrogencarbonate component contained in the second aqueous solution, and further recovering sodium carbonate from a mother liquor remaining after separating the sodium sesquicarbonate crystals from the second aqueous solution.

Abstract: A process is provided for recovering sodium bicarbonate and ammonium sulfate from a solution containing sodium sulfate derived from a process for removing sulfur contaminants out of a gas with sodium bicarbonate reagent. Sodium bicarbonate is precipitated and removed from the solution. Sodium sulfate or ammonium bicarbonate is added to the solution to form a second precipitate of sodium bicarbonate, which is removed from the solution. The solution is conditioned by either heating the solution to 95.degree. C. to liberate ammonia and carbon dioxide or by adding sulfuric acid to the solution to decompose any carbonates. The solution is cooled to a temperature between -2 to 2.degree. C. to form a third precipitate of sodium bicarbonate. Sulfuric acid is added to the solution to decompose any carbonate minerals, and purified ammonium sulfate solution is recovered.

Abstract: A method of producing sodium carbonate crystals from a sodium carbonate-containing solution including the steps of passing the sodium carbonate-containing solution to a precipitator, adding methanol to the sodium carbonate-containing solution in the precipitator such that a resultant liquor has methanol in a concentration of between 15% and 70% by volume, precipitating the sodium carbonate crystals from the resultant liquor, washing the precipitated sodium carbonate crystals with an alcohol-containing solution and drying the washed precipitated sodium carbonate crystals. The sodium carbonate-containing solution has a sodium carbonate concentration ranging between 100 g/l to saturation. The methanol is in residence with the sodium carbonate-containing solution for between 10 and 100 minutes. The alcohol-containing solution has an alcohol concentration ranging between 50% and 100%.

Abstract: A fire suppressant powder with particle sizes less than 5 .mu.m is made by a chemical reaction between a gas or vapour of a first material and a vapour or an aerosol of a second material. For example an aerosol of sodium hydroxide droplets may be reacted with carbon dioxide gas to produce sodium bicarbonate powder; or boron halide vapour may be reacted with steam to form boric acid powder The powder may be used in fire extinguishers either on its own, or combined with other ingredients such as silica and/or alumina, and calcium stearate.

Abstract: A process for producing a granulated material from a powder mixture containing at least two components, one of which is in crystal or crystalline form and at least one contains water of crystallization and/or is reactive, granulation is carried out in an inclined drum. Powder is fed in at one end and granulate removed at the other, after being transported inside the drum for a desired period while the drum is rocked in a way which largely eliminates shear forces. A quantity of liquid at least approximately equal to the quantity of water of crystallization present and sufficient for the formation of a superficially active solution adhesive is released inside the drum, where appropriate by partial reaction of the reactive component(s), after which the powder mixture components are granulated by surface adhesion.

Abstract: A proces for preparing a spherical support for the polymerization of alpha-olefins from an ammonium dawsonite which is spray-dryed and formed into spherical particles which are then calcined and impregnated with titanium to produce a spherical catalyst of good mechanical strength is described. Also described is the polymerization process which, in the presence of the spherical catalyst, yields polyolefin particles which preserve the spherical characteristics of the support, with low flow angle and good bulk density, as well as the product polyethylene obtained from the process.

Abstract: This invention provides a deodorant composition in a dispensing container which is pressurized with an aerosol propellant. The primary ingredients of a typical product are particulate sodium bicarbonate, ethanol, volatile silicone oil and a suspending agent such as hydrophobic hectorite clay. An invention aerosol deodorant product has a stable particulate sodium bicarbonate suspension phase, and exhibits excellent fluid evacuation properties with a relatively high content of ethanol and low content of aerosol propellant.

Abstract: Sodium and borate ions are separated in supercritical water by addition of dissolved CO.sub.2 to cause precipitation of carbonates and the formation of boric acid. Carbonates and boric acid are then recovered as separate products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for reducing and removing inorganic impurities in sodium solutions by contact with activated carbon. Preferably, the activated carbon is saturated with organics. The process can provide for significant reduction of magnesium by as much as 50% and calcium by as much as 20%.

Abstract: This invention provides a deodorant cosmetic stick product which has a translucent or transparent light transmitting appearance. The cosmetic stick has a content of ingredients such as sodium bicarbonate, propylene glycol, sodium stearate, Steareth-100, Pentadoxynol-200, and water. An invention deodorant cosmetic stick has excellent esthetics when applied underarm, such as smoothness and a comfortable dry feel, and without a visually perceptible residue.

Abstract: This invention provides cosmetic deodorant stick, roll-on and cream formulations. An invention deodorant product comprises an organic matrix having a dispersed solids phase which includes discrete crystallites of bicarbonate salt ingredient and particulate boron oxide desiccant ingredient. When an invention deodorant product is applied to a skin surface, the boron oxide reacts with moisture, and converts to boric acid which neutralizes any content of a strong basic irritant such as alkali metal carbonate which is present as an impurity in an alkali metal bicarbonate salt.

Abstract: A process for making sodium bicarbonate from Nahcolite-rich solutions utilizes solubility suppression with addition of salt. Hot water pumped into a Nahcolite-rich formation, which may contain salt (NaCl) and other impurities in excess of 6% by weight, dissolves the Nahcolite (NaHCO.sub.3) and salt. The dissolved Nahcolite is brought to the surface as a pregnant brine liquor containing Nahcolite, salt, and other impurities, which is then de-gassed under pressure. The pregnant liquor is then mixed with a salt slurry and its temperature reduced to saturate it with salt and force precipitation of Nahcolite out of the pregnant liquor. Carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) is injected while mixing the pregnant liquor with the salt to facilitate precipitation and conversion of any sodium carbonate (Na.sub.2 C.sub.3) present into sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO.sub.3). The sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO.sub.3) is dewatered and filtered to form a sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO.sub.

Abstract: This invention provides alkali metal bicarbonate powder consisting of a narrow size distribution range of ultrafine particles. The ultrafine powder has a large surface area, and provides enhanced reactivity in applications such as deodorization or neutralization, and exhibits increased antibacterial/antifungal activity. The ultrafine powder also has an exceptional capability to form a homogenous solid-phase suspension in a liquid medium which has long term stability.

Abstract: A method for producing potassium carbonate using a continuous countercurrent exchange system. A continuous ion exchange system with resin in the ammonium form is flushed with a saturated potassium chloride solution which displaces the ammonium ion and replaces it with potassium. Ammonium carbonate is then passed through the ion exchanger to place the ammonium in the reserve form, by displacing the potassium, and produce a concentrated potassium carbonate solution. This process is done in a continuous countercurrent manner which allows maximum recovery of the potassium carbonate as a 15-18% by weight solution with minimum impurities, and at high throughput rates. The potassium carbonate solution is then removed, evaporated, dried, sized and stored for subsequent shipment.

Abstract: A large size, small surface area, granular crystalline potassium bicarbonate product suitable for application as an active ingredient in pharmaceutical oral unit dosage forms useful for the treatment of various degenerative bone and cardiovascular diseases, particularly osteoporosis or hypertension, comprising potassium bicarbonate crystals having a mean particle size of at least 350 microns and a specific B.E.T. surface area less than 0.02 m.sup.2 /gram. A process for preparing such product is further provided, in which a solution of potassium bicarbonate is fed to a slurry of potassium bicarbonate crystals in a crystallizer and the temperatures and concentrations of the potassium bicarbonate in the feed solution and the crystallizer slurry are so regulated, and the residence time and degree of agitation in the crystallizer are so controlled, that the desired large size, small surface area potassium bicarbonate crystals are produced.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of preventing potassium bicarbonate from caking. Anhydrous potassium carbonate is dispersed throughout the potassium bicarbonate immediately after it is manufactured. Preferably, about 0.1 to about 2.5 wt % of the anhydrous potassium carbonate is used. Also disclosed is a composition made by that method.

Abstract: This invention provides a free-flowing alkali metal bicarbonate composition, which has a content of an acidic inorganic compound such as boron oxide (B.sub.2 O.sub.3) or phosphorus pentoxide (P.sub.2 O.sub.5). The acidic inorganic compound reacts with the residual hygroscopic alkali metal carbonate content of the bulk alkali metal bicarbonate powder to form alkali metal bicarbonate.

Abstract: This invention provides alkali metal bicarbonate powder consisting of a narrow size distribution range of ultrafine particles. The ultrafine powder has a large surface area, and provides enhanced reactivity in applications such as deodorization or neutralization, and exhibits increased antibacterial/antifungal activity. The ultrafine powder also has an exceptional capability to form a homogenous solid-phase suspension in a liquid medium which has long term stability.

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of sodium bicarbonate particles having an ovoid or spherical shape, the process preparing an aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, which is supersaturated; circulating the aqueous solution supersaturated in sodium bicarbonate through a bed of crystals in order to cause the bed to be a mobile bed in which the crystals are in continuous motion, and to cause crystallization of the sodium bicarbonate particles and at least partial desupersaturation of the aqueous solution supersaturated in sodium bicarbonate to provide a mother liquor and, withdrawing the sodium bicarbonate particles from the bed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and process for recovering solid sodium bicarbonate, from the effluent, of the cathode compartment of a diaphragm cell that contains sodium hydroxide and sodium chloride. The effluent is treated with carbon dioxide and ammonia to essentially convert the sodium hydroxide to sodium bicarbonate. Thereafter, the effluent is treated to decompose the ammonium chloride to evolve and recycle ammonia without the formation of pollutants, the treated effluent, free of NH.sub.3, CO.sub.2 and alkali, is resaturated and sent to the anode compartment of the diaphragm cell. In preferred embodiments, all of the steps are interconnected and the materials produced are recycled, such that the only products produced are chlorine, hydrogen and sodium bicarbonate, without waste products in a continuous process.

Abstract: Production of sodium bicarbonate from natural soda deposits that may occur as natural brines or solid soda salts is disclosed. The alkalinity in these natural soda deposits consists of carbonates and bicarbonates. The carbonates are converted to bicarbonates by reacting sodium carbonate with ammonium bicarbonate which acts as a carbon dioxide carrier until all the sodium carbonate is exhausted. The solubility of the sodium bicarbonate is lowered by the presence of non-alkaline sodium salts, e.g., sodium chloride. The regeneration of the cyclic reagent (NH.sub.3) is done using the sodium bicarbonate formed by the double decomposition of sodium chloride and ammonium bicarbonate giving a final soda free brine exempt of contaminants foreign to its original components.

Abstract: Surface-treated sodium bicarbonate particles, the surfaces of which are coated with sodium carbonate or its double salt, are disclosed. Heat treatment or irradiation with micro waves o infrared light converts the surfaces of sodium bicarbonate particles into sodium carbonate. The surface-treated sodium bicarbonate particles exhibit an increased capacity to bind with other sodium bicarbonate particles as well as with other components when they are molded. They can be used as an excellent binder for molding various preparations. The products produced have a prolonged storage stability.

Abstract: A process for reducing the amount of residual carbonate on alkali metal bicarbonates which comprises:(a) feeding a dry bicarbonate into a reaction zone,(b) admixing the bicarbonate with carbon dioxide gas saturated with water vapor at a temperature T.sub.1,(c) controlling the temperature T.sub.1 so that it exceeds temperature T.sub.2 of the carbon dioxide gas exiting the reaction zone by just enough to condense a controlled amount of water vapor sufficient to accomplish the reaction,(d) and reacting the bicarbonate, carbon dioxide, and condensed water vapor, for a sufficient time to produce dry cured bicarbonate product with less carbonate content.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to articles of manufacture comprising solid compacts, formed at elevated pressures, from homogenous, finely divided powders of spray dried water soluble inorganic compounds. The solid compacts are characterized by their readily water dissolvable, substantially nondusting and dense nature.

Abstract: Salt compositions which have been discolored during sterilization by means of radioactive radiation such as gamma and/or beta irradiation of the type which causes such discoloration are substantially restored to the original color by treatments disclosed herein. Methods for restoring the original color of such salts, including heating to specified temperatures for specified periods of treatment are also disclosed.

Abstract: Improved filtration rates and decreased sodium chloride and moisture content in sodium bicarbonate filter cakes are obtained by including a filter aid containing a mono and/or dialkylester of sodium sulfosuccinate in the filter feed suspension.

Abstract: A process for producing a dawsonite with a short-prismatic, isometric crystal habit. The dawsonite can be produced without occupational medicine concerns and can be used as, among other things, a flame-retardant additive in plastics.

Abstract: A process for the production of potassium bicarbonate, involving the dry carbonation of potassium carbonate with a carbon dioxide gas stream having temperatures of up to 115.degree. C. and relative humidities of from 40% to 75%. High conversions of the potassium carbonate, carbon dioxide and water vapor reactants are achieved, with the formation of a substantially dry bicarbonate product which may be further processed without additional drying or handling expense.

Abstract: This invention is a regenerable process for producing elemental sulfur from SO.sub.2 initially contained in a dilute gas source by: (1) absorbing the SO.sub.2 in a concentrated Na.sub.2 SO.sub.3 solution to convert most of the Na.sub.2 SO.sub.3 to Na.sub.2 S.sub.2 O.sub.5 ; (2) separating one third of the absorbed SO.sub.2 ; (3) reacting the residual mixture with solid NaHCO.sub.3 to form gaseous carbon dioxide used in a subsequent step and a slurry composed of solid Na.sub.2 SO.sub.3 suspended in a Na.sub.2 SO.sub.3 solution; (4) separating solid Na.sub.2 SO.sub.3 from the solution which is recycled to (1) above; (5) reducing solid Na.sub.2 SO.sub.3 to Na.sub.2 S; (6) reacting the Na.sub.2 S with H.sub.2 O and CO.sub.2 to form solid NaHCO.sub.3 which is recycled to (3) above and gaseous H.sub.2 S; (6) reacting gaseous H.sub.2 S with SO.sub.2 separated in (2) above to form water and elemental sulfur.

Abstract: A process for the dry carbonation of an alkali metal or ammonium carbonate, utilizing a low carbon dioxide-containing carbonating gas stream, and more particularly, a process for the production of a bicarbonate sorbent useful in the desulfurization of flue gases from the low carbon dioxide-content flue gases themselves.

Abstract: Sodium bicarbonate is produced by introducing solid sodium carbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate, and/or Wegscheider's salt into a reversion slurry, saturated with respect to bicarbonate and containing at least 10 wt. % solids, to effect rapid and complete conversion of the feed solids to crystalline sodium bicarbonate which is recovered from the slurry. Carbon dioxide is introduced into the reversion liquor to maintain its composition at a relatively constant value, preferably in a region of the Na.sub.2 CO.sub.3 --NaHCO.sub.3 --H.sub.2 O phase diagram that minimizes the equilibrium partial pressure of CO.sub.2 vapor above such liquor.

Abstract: A process for removing sulfur oxides from waste gas is provided. The gas is contacted with an activated sodium carbonate sorbent and, utilizing an alkaline ammonia liquor so as to reduce the flow rates and loss of alkalinity, the spent sorbent is regenerated with an alkaline earth metal oxide or hydroxide.

Abstract: A method for continuously controlling the formation of crystal fines in a continuous crystallizing process in which product crystals are produced in a crystallizing zone from crystallizable material in a mother liquor, and in which product crystals are thereafter recovered. The invention is practiced by adding a flocculant, specific to the crystallizable material, to the mother liquor at a rate effective to cause flocculation of particles of crystallizable material in the mother liquor. One embodiment of the invention is practiced in a process for producing sodium bicarbonate crystals by adding anionic polyacrylate and/or polyacrylamide polymers to a sodium carbonate-containing feed brine received in a carbonator.

Abstract: A process for the dry carbonation of an ammonium or alkali metal carbonate containing material, or a mixture thereof, for conversion to the corresponding bicarbonate containing material comprising reacting in the solid phase an ammonium and/or alkali metal carbonate containing material with liquid water in a carbon dioxide rich atmosphere at a particle temperature of from about 125.degree. F. to about 240.degree. F. for a period of time sufficient to effect the desired conversion of the carbonate groups of said carbonate containing material to bicarbonate groups, the reaction temperature being controlled by the evaporation of liquid water at the reaction site and the removal of the resulting water vapor from the reactor atmosphere.

Abstract: A process for removing sulfur oxides from waste gas is provided. The gas is contacted with a sorbent selected from sodium bicarbonate, trona and activated sodium carbonate and, utilizing an alkaline liquor containing borate ion so as to reduce flow rates and loss of alkalinity, the spent sorbent is regenerated with an alkaline earth metal oxide or hydroxide.

Abstract: Methionine and potassium are recovered from the recycling solution of the potassium carbonate-methionine process by concentrating the mother liquor after the methionine precipitation and with cooling carbonating the mother liquor.