Abstract: A carbon nanotube synthesis process apparatus comprises a reaction tube in which a reaction field is formed, and a discharge pipe (32) arranged downstream of the reaction tube and discharging carbon nanotubes to the outside. A plurality of nozzles (34) are provided on the sidewall of the discharge pipe (32) in directions which are deflected with respect to the center (O) of the discharge pipe (32). When gases are discharged from the plurality of nozzles (34), a swirl flowing from the inner side surface along the inner side surface is produced in the discharge pipe (32). Adhesion of carbon nanotubes to the inner side surface of the discharge pipe (32) is prevented by the swirl flow and thus the apparatus can be operated continuously.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus for synthesizing carbon nanotubes, the apparatus including a reaction tube that provides a space for carbon nanotubes and is formed vertically long, a heating unit that is formed at the outer side of the reaction tube, and heats the reaction tube, a gas-supply unit that sprays reaction gas for synthesizing the carbon nanotubes by reacting with catalysts positioned inside the reaction tube, an exhaustion unit that is connected to the upper portion of the reaction tube, and discharges non-reacted reaction gas for synthesizing the carbon nanotubes, and a blocking unit that is formed inside the reaction tube, discharges only the non-reacted reaction gas for synthesizing the carbon nanotubes to the exhaustion unit, and blocks the discharge of the carbon nanotubes and catalysts, in which the cross-section of the blocking unit is divided in a plurality of polygon structures, and downward-slanted blocking wings are formed at each divided cell.

Abstract: A process for producing carbon black comprising reacting a reaction stream formed by a prior carbon black forming process with an oxidant and a carbon black yielding feedstock to produce carbon black and cooling, separating and recovering the carbon black. The process advantageously reduces the amount of fuel needed to produce carbon black. Also disclosed is an apparatus for practicing the process.

Abstract: A new process and apparatus for producing carbon black is provided and unique reactor with separate carbon black forming reaction zones is described. The process utilizes such a reactor is to give unique carbon blacks which give rise to low hysteresis loss and good wear where used in rubber compounds for reinforcement and particularly in rubber tires.

Abstract: A non-cylindrical carbon black reactor for consistently and efficiently producing high tint carbon black. A plurality of flat sides defines the inner surface of the carbon black reactor. The flat sides provide a planar surface for the introduction of feedstock hydrocarbon into the reactor, thereby eliminating or substantially reducing impingement of the feedstock hydrocarbon on the inner surface of the reactor chamber and the consequent erosion of the inner surface. The flat sides of the inner surface of the reaction chamber also provide a hot gas flow with a cross-sectional area that substantially conforms to the spray pattern of the feedstock hydrocarbon, thereby providing a minimum flame length within the reactor and a more efficient use of the hot gas.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing carbon black comprises a reaction chamber which consists of a tapered throat and a downstream extension of the throat having the same diameter as that of the narrowest portion of the throat and provided with a plurality of ribs on its inner wall which define a plurality of flits parallel to the axis of the reaction chamber. The reaction chamber is equipped, on the upstream side of the extension, with means for introducing the feedstock oil perpendicularly to the axis of the chamber.

Abstract: A new process and apparatus for producing carbon black is provided and unique reactor with separate carbon black forming reaction zones is described. The process utilizes such a reactor to give unique carbon blacks which give rise to low hysteresis loss and good wear when used in rubber compounds for reinforcement and particularly in rubber tires.

Abstract: A non-cylindrical carbon black reactor for consistently and efficiently producing high tint carbon black. A plurality of flat sides defines the inner surface of the carbon black reactor. The flat sides provide a planar surface for the introduction of feedstock hydrocarbon into the reactor, thereby eliminating or substantially reducing impingement of the feedstock hydrocarbon on the inner surface of the reactor chamber and the consequent erosion of the inner surface. The flat sides of the inner surface of the reaction chamber also provide a hot gas flow with a cross-sectional area that substantially conforms to the spray pattern of the feedstock hydrocarbon, thereby providing a minimum flame length within the reactor and a more efficient use of hot gas.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing carbon blacks which for a given surface area are characterized by having lower tinting strength and higher structure.

Abstract: High structure carbon black is produced in an oil furnace reactor characterized by abrupt expansions in the reaction flow passage following the reactor throat.

Abstract: A carbon black reactor is characterized by a converging zone, a throat, a first reaction zone and a second reaction zone serially connected. Oil can be injected both upstream and downstream of the throat. Annular walls connect the throat with the first reaction zone and the first reaction zone with the second reaction zone.

Abstract: A carbon black reactor is characterized by a converging zone, a throat, a first reaction zone and a second reaction zone serially connected. Oil can be injected both upstream and downstream of the throat. Annular walls connect the throat with the first reaction zone and the first reaction zone with the second reaction zone.

Abstract: The moving of adjacent axial stream at sufficiently different speeds to create turbulence and rapid mixing of feedstock and hot gases in a carbon black reactor is utilized to provide a high surface area carbon black.

Abstract: A reactor for the production of carbon black is disclosed which is characterized by axial flow of combustion gases and sequential converging sections for sequentially accelerating the hot combustion gases used to drive the pyrolysis reaction.

Abstract: An axial flow carbon black reactor can be provided with multiple expansion steps in the reactor expansion zone, tangential air entries into the steps, tangential process air entry with straightening vanes in the converging zone to provide axial reactor flow, tangential process air entry using longitudinal baffles in the reactor expanded zone to provide axial reactor flow; multiple expansion steps with flow of fluid from the converging zone and into the steps and multiple step expansions of the reactor expansion zone with downstream sloping faces on the steps.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to an improved furnace process for producing carbon blacks by the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbonaceous feedstock wherein the resultant blacks have decreased tinting strengths and have properties which impart improved hysteresis to rubber formulations in which the blacks are incorporated.

Abstract: A generally cylindrical carbon black reactor for the production of soft carbon blacks is modified to produce a wider range of products by the installation of a choke.

Abstract: A steam line is connected to the oil lines supplying feed to a carbon black reactor and valves are provided in each of the steam and oil lines so that either or both steam and oil can be fed to the oil tube emitting feed into the reactor. To change an oil nozzle without interrupting production, oil flow to a single nozzle is cut off and steam flow is provided while the nozzle is removed from the reactor. Steam flow is again provided as the replacement nozzle is inserted into the reactor and when it is in place, steam is cut off and oil flow resumed.

Abstract: A reactor for the production of carbon black is disclosed which is characterized by axial flow of combustion gases and sequential converging sections for sequentially accelerating the hot combustion gases used to drive the pyrolysis reaction.

Abstract: A carbon black reactor employs the following components to produce non-uniform gas flow patterns.(a) a precombustion chamber skewed at an angle of 30-60 degrees from the reactor axis, comprising:(1) offset tangential hot gas entries(2) axial or offset multiple oil feed entries(b) an optional venturi which can be offset from the reactor axis and/or asymmetric in form.

Abstract: In the production of carbon black, low BTU content gases are combusted in a compact combustion zone with near stoichiometric amounts of oxidant gases, tempered to the desired temperature and volume with a diluent gas stream which can be selected from air and filter off-gases, and introduced into a reactor for the pyrolysis of a carbonceous feedstock to form carbon black.

Abstract: A pipe, containing a multiplicity of spray ports spaced longitudinally along the pipe so that carbonaceous feedstock can be simultaneously ejected from the ports outwardly from the pipe, is adapted for concentric longitudinal, axial alignment in a carbon black reactor. Preferably the pipe is jacketed so that coolant fluid can be circulated through the annulus formed between the pipe and the jacket and conduit means provide a connection from the pipe to spray ports located in the jacket wall thereby providing means for ejecting carbonaceous feedstock outwardly from the jacketed pipe. A carbon black reactor containing a feedstock nozzle as described above with the nozzle adapted to eject hydrocarbon feedstock into either a precombustion or a combustion zone of the reactor. A method for producing carbon black in which hydrocarbon feedstock is introduced into either a precombustion or a combustion zone of a carbon black reactor through a feedstock nozzle as described above.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of making a carbon black product having a controllable aggregate particle size distribution comprising forming in a first zone of the carbon black reactor combustion gases at a high temperature and having a gradient of increasing turbulence in the downstream direction, injecting substantially radially into the first zone a carbon black feedstock into more than one of the "zones of increasing turbulence" before the gases reach maximum turbulence, cracking the feedstock to carbon black in a second (reaction) zone, quenching the carbon black reaction, and collecting the carbon black product. Also discussed is a method for making a carbon black product having varying physical characteristics as a result of modifying reaction kinetics at any position of oil injection into the "zones of turbulence".

Abstract: Stoichiometric combustion conditions are provided at a location remote from reactor walls in a carbon black process and apparatus by injecting radially inwardly hot combustion gases of a complementary composition with respect to the hot combustion gases introduced tangentially into the reactor.

Abstract: A carbon black with a tint residual below -6 in a rubber composition causes the hysteresis or heat buildup of such a rubber composition to be significantly lower than that of a rubber composition incorporating a carbon black with a higher tint residual, while the abrasion resistance of such rubber compositions incorporating these different blacks remains essentially unchanged. Tint residual is the difference between the measured tint and the tint calculated from the structure, nitrogen surface area, and CTAB surface area in accordance with a specific formula disclosed. Disclosed are carbon black reactor configurations capable of producing carbon black useful in compounding such a low-hysteresis rubber.

Abstract: An improved burner for combusting gaseous fuel and oxidant gas is provided in which the fuel and oxidant gas are premixed prior to combustion by the turbulence generated by flowing the gases through a mixing zone containing a centrally disposed flow disrupting bluff body positioned in the oxidant gas stream upstream from the point of fuel injection, and a peripheral flow disrupting bluff body disposed at the periphery of the mixing zone. The burner finds particular utility in combination with other elements of a furnace-type carbon black reactor. This abstract is not to be construed in any way to define or limit the invention set forth below.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing carbon black in which a first reactant mass is formed and thoroughly mixed and passed axially through the reactor, a second mass of hot combustion gases being passed helically to the axially flowing mass.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing carbon black in which a first reactant mass is formed and thoroughly mixed and passed axially through the reactor, a second mass of hot combustion gases being passed helically to the axially flowing mass.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to an improved furnace process for preparing carbon blacks by the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbonaceous feedstocks wherein the resultant blacks have higher structure characteristics than the carbon blacks normally prepared from the feedstocks.

Abstract: A process is provided for making high-quality carbon blacks at unusually good yields in a highly compact reaction space. The key steps of the process are the generation of a very hot combustion gas stream moving at very high speed in essentially plug flow by burning a hydrocarbon gas in oxygen in a compact combustion zone under conditions of very high heat release assuring the attainment of temperatures of over 3,000.degree. F., and the transverse injection into said highspeed combustion stream from the periphery thereof of a plurality of individual streams of liquid hydrocarbon make, each of which is injected under sufficient pressure to cause same to enter said high-speed combustion stream at a linear velocity of more than about 100 fett per second. Preferably, a highly oxygen-enriched oxidant is used to burn the hydrocarbon gas.