And Alkali Metal, Alkaline Earth Metal, Or Ammonium Containing Patents (Class 423/596)
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Patent number: 4400431Abstract: Several methods are set forth for preparing polymetallic spinels by coprecipitating two or more metal compounds in a proportion to provide a total of eight positive valences when combined in the oxide form in the spinel crystal lattice. The methods disclosed require coprecipitation of the metals in the hydroxide form or convertible to the hydroxide-oxide form, calcining the coprecipitate, and finally sintering the calcined material at about one-half its melting point or greater, thereby forming a spinel which has a density of greater than 50 percent of the theoretical density of spinel crystal. Also disclosed are techniques for preparing spinels having more than two metals incorporated into the spinel lattice, as well as a separate oxide phase associated with the spinel crystallites, and slipcasting compositions.Type: GrantFiled: September 4, 1981Date of Patent: August 23, 1983Assignee: The Dow Chemical CompanyInventors: Walter W. Henslee, John S. Lindsey, Stanley J. Morrow, John N. Periard, Charles R. Whitworth
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Patent number: 4376709Abstract: New intercalated compounds comprising a cation intercalated in a layered mixed oxide, said oxide having layers of corner linked octahedra and tetrahedra. The composition has the formula A.sub.q MOXO.sub.4.nH.sub.2 O where A is a monovalent, divalent or polyvalent cation, MOXO.sub.4 is a layered mixed oxide selected from the group consisting of VOPO.sub.4, VOSO.sub.4, VOAsO.sub.4, VOMoO.sub.4, NbOPO.sub.4, NbOAsO.sub.4, TaOPO.sub.4 and MoOPO.sub.4, n is a number from 0 to 4 and q is a number from about 0.001 to about 1.0.Type: GrantFiled: November 10, 1980Date of Patent: March 15, 1983Assignee: Exxon Research and Engineering Co.Inventors: Jack W. Johnson, Allan J. Jacobson
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Patent number: 4351814Abstract: Fibrous hydrotalcites having a hexagonal needle-like crystal structure. The fibrous hydrotalcites are produced by contacting a basic magnesium compound having a needle-like crystal structure and expressed by the following formula (2)Mg(OH).sub.2-n'x.sbsb.2 A.sub.x.sbsb.2.sup.n'.spsp.-.m.sub.2 H.sub.2 O (2)wherein A.sup.n'.spsp.- represents a monovalent or divalent anion, n' is 1 or 2, and x.sub.2 and m.sub.2 are numbers satisfying the following conditions,0.2.ltoreq.x.sub.2 .ltoreq.0.5,O.ltoreq.m.sub.2 .ltoreq.2,with a compound capable of providing a trivalent metal cation and being soluble in a liquid reaction medium which is chemically inert and is a non-solvent for the basic magnesium compound, the contacting being carried out in said liquid reaction medium under conditions which do not cause a loss of the needle-like crystal form of the basic magnesium compound, while maintaining the ratio of M.sup.3+ to the sum of Mg and M.sup.3+ at O<M.sup.3+ /(Mg+M.sup.3+).ltoreq.0.Type: GrantFiled: December 18, 1980Date of Patent: September 28, 1982Assignee: Kyowa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.Inventors: Shigeo Miyata, Akira Okada
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Patent number: 4318788Abstract: A process for recovering and recycling chromium from chromium-iron hydroxide sludge for use in cooling tower make up water and plating solution is disclosed. The process comprises separating chromium from the sludge by selectively oxidizing the trivalent chromium precipitate to soluble hexavalent chromium with a strong oxidizing agent such as chlorine gas, in alkaline medium. The hexavalent chromium ions then enter solution and are thereafter separated from the iron hydroxide precipitate as the sludge is dewatered.Type: GrantFiled: December 12, 1979Date of Patent: March 9, 1982Assignee: ANDCO Environmental Processes, Inc.Inventor: Joseph G. Duffey
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Patent number: 4304764Abstract: A method for preparing stable non-stoichiometric cathode material to provide cathodes useful in non-aqueous electrochemical cells having an active metal (eg. lithium) anode. The method comprises reducing the non-stoichiometric cathode material (eg. manganese dioxide) with the active metal or a precursor compound of said active metal to form a compound of the active metal and stoichiometric active cathode material.Type: GrantFiled: September 24, 1980Date of Patent: December 8, 1981Assignee: Ray-O-Vac CorporationInventor: Ashok V. Joshi
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Patent number: 4263059Abstract: Aqueous acidic chromate coating solutions are described for treating zinc, zinc alloy, or cadmium surfaces comprising trivalent chromium as substantially the only chromium ion present, fluoride ion and an acid, the trivalent chromium ions comprising a mixture of green and blue trivalent chromium. One method of preparing the green trivalent chromium is by reducing an aqueous solution of hexavalent chromium with sufficient reducing agent to reduce all of the hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium. The blue trivalent chromium can be prepared by reducing hexavalent chromium with reducing agent and adding an acid and fluoride ion (pH<1). Chromate coatings on zinc, zinc alloy and cadmium surfaces are produced by contacting said surfaces with an aqueous acidic solution of the invention.Type: GrantFiled: December 21, 1979Date of Patent: April 21, 1981Assignee: Rohco, Inc.Inventors: Donald J. Guhde, Dale M. Burdt
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Patent number: 4256722Abstract: The instant invention is related to the production of porous spinel materials which exhibit exceptional durability in both acid and basic solutions, and possess high porosity with high surface area and narrow range of pore size. More specifically, the present invention is directed to the production of porous spinel materials involving the impregnation of finely-divided trivalent metal oxides, usually Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, or Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3, with a solution of a divalent metal ion-containing compound, commonly selected from the group of Mg.sup.+2, Fe.sup.+2, Mn.sup.+2, and Zn.sup.+2, and thereafter firing the mixture to effect reaction, resulting in the conversion of the trivalent metal oxide to a spinel.Type: GrantFiled: November 15, 1979Date of Patent: March 17, 1981Assignee: Corning Glass WorksInventor: Gerald B. Carrier
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Patent number: 4244925Abstract: A method for producing alkali metal chromates by a single roast of chrome ores without the use of calcium oxide is disclosed. A double roast embodiment is also contemplated for obtainment of enhanced yields. The pollution and hygiene problems associated with the use of lime are substantially eliminated and only negligible amounts of alumina are found in the product chromate liquors without employing steps previously thought necessary. These advantages are achieved by controlling (1) the Bichromate Equivalent: aluminum oxide ratio in the mix, (2) the amount of alkali metal salts added to the mix, (3) the roasting time, (4) the composition and alkalinity of the liquor used for leaching the roast, and (5) the temperature employed. Recovery of vanadium values from the alkali metal chromate liquors is also disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: July 20, 1979Date of Patent: January 13, 1981Assignee: Allied Chemical CorporationInventors: Somanahalli N. Subbanna, Thomas R. Morgan, Douglas G. Frick
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Patent number: 4173618Abstract: Process is provided for removal of alumina from aqueous alkali metal chromate solutions containing the same, which comprises contacting the aqueous solution with a soluble-silica compound under conditions sufficient to effect reaction of alumina with silica for formation of crystalline alkali metal alumino silicate, and removing the crystalline alkali metal alumino silicate from the reaction mixture.Type: GrantFiled: October 12, 1976Date of Patent: November 6, 1979Assignee: Allied Chemical CorporationInventor: John W. Holtz
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Patent number: 4171248Abstract: Disclosed is a method of opening iron oxide-chromic oxide ores of trivalent chromium by contacting the ore with an aqueous alkali metal hypochlorite bleach and recovering a liquid containing hexavalent chromium from the reaction media. The hexavalent chromium produced by the bleaching action is normally in the form of alkali metal chromate. According to a preferred exemplification, the alkali metal chromate is electrolytically converted to an alkali metal dichromate.Type: GrantFiled: November 3, 1977Date of Patent: October 16, 1979Assignee: PPG Industries, Inc.Inventor: William W. Carlin
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Patent number: 4166101Abstract: Catalyst compositions and an improved process for converting carbon monoxide and water to hydrogen and CO.sub.2 are disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: November 10, 1977Date of Patent: August 28, 1979Inventors: Emmanuel E. A. Neel, Michel Deflin, Jacques Vanrenterghem, Jean-Claude Clement
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Patent number: 4162295Abstract: A method for producing alkali metal chromates by double roasting chrome ores without the use of alkaline earths is disclosed. The pollution and hygiene problems associated with the use of lime are substantially eliminated and only negligible amounts of alumina are found in the product chromate liquors without employing steps previously thought necessary. These advantages are achieved by controlling (1) the Bichromate Equivalent: aluminum oxide ratio in the mix, (2) the amount of alkali metal salts added to the mix, (3) the roasting time, (4) the composition and alkalinity of the liquor used for leaching the roast, and (5) the temperature employed, in both roasts.Type: GrantFiled: November 14, 1977Date of Patent: July 24, 1979Assignee: Allied Chemical CorporationInventors: Somanahalli N. Subbanna, Thomas R. Morgan, Douglas G. Frick
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Patent number: 4093781Abstract: A new magnetic microwave composite, a smooth monocrystalline substituted lithium ferrite (Li.sub.1-x Na.sub.x Fe.sub.5 O.sub.8) film on a monocrystalline magnesium oxide substrate is disclosed. Lithium ferrite films may be epitaxially grown on magnesium oxide substrates with excellent lattice matching by partial substitution of sodium for the lithium to increase the lattice constant of the lithium ferrite to match that of magnesium oxide.Type: GrantFiled: May 27, 1975Date of Patent: June 6, 1978Assignee: Rockwell International CorporationInventors: David M. Heinz, Eugene C. Whitcomb
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Patent number: 4075308Abstract: Chlorine dioxide is produced in a continuous process by reaction of sodium chlorate and hydrochloric acid. The reaction medium is maintained at its boiling point under subatmospheric pressure and the resulting steam is used to dilute the chlorine dioxide and chlorine and remove the same from the reaction zone. Sodium chloride is deposited from the reaction medium in the reaction zone. The mole ratio of chlorate to chloride in the reaction medium, and the temperature of the reaction medium are controlled within narrow limits to provide high efficiency of production of chlorine dioxide.Type: GrantFiled: February 22, 1977Date of Patent: February 21, 1978Assignee: Erco Industries LimitedInventors: W. Howard Rapson, Maurice C. J. Fredette, Norman W. Meyers
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Patent number: 4072501Abstract: Metal powders, metal oxide powders, and mixtures thereof of controlled particle size are provided by reacting an aqueous solution containing dissolved metal values with excess urea. Upon heating, urea reacts with water from the solution leaving a molten urea solution containing the metal values. The molten urea solution is heated to above about 180.degree. C. whereupon metal values precipitate homogeneously as a powder. The powder is reduced to metal or calcined to form oxide particles. One or more metal oxides in a mixture can be selectively reduced to produce metal particles or a mixture of metal and metal oxide particles.Type: GrantFiled: April 13, 1977Date of Patent: February 7, 1978Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the United States Department of EnergyInventor: Thomas C. Quinby
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Patent number: 4067747Abstract: A process for the production of chromium oxide green pigment comprising heating a mixture of ammonium dichromate with at least the stoichiometrically equivalent quantity of a sodium salt selected from the group consisting of chloride and sulfate over a period of at most about 15 minutes to a pigment-forming temperature of about 800 to 1100.degree. C in the presence of about 1 to 45% water based on the weight of the mixture, calcining the mixture at a temperature in the above-mentioned range, and separating the formed pigment from the salts. The mixture may be formed in situ by reaction of sodium dichromate with ammonium chloride or sulfate in the presence of water. The presence during calcining of organic modifiers such as sawdust or of boron compounds such as borax increases, tinting strength and disproportionately affect color. The pigments are brighter, and of higher tinting strength than heretofore produced.Type: GrantFiled: February 6, 1976Date of Patent: January 10, 1978Assignee: Bayer AktiengesellschaftInventors: Manfred Mansmann, Wolfgang Rambold
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Patent number: 4056490Abstract: Magnesium chromite dehydrogenation catalyst are improved by preparation in oxygen deficient or essentially inert calcination atmospheres and in the presense of halogen, either singularly or in combination.Type: GrantFiled: November 21, 1975Date of Patent: November 1, 1977Assignee: Petro-Tex Chemical CorporationInventor: Harold E. Manning
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Patent number: 4040860Abstract: In the production of chromium oxide green pigment by heating a substantially stoichiometrically equivalent mixture of sodium dichromate dihydrate and an ammonium salt selected from the group consisting of the sulfate and chloride, the improvement which comprises dry mixing sodium dichromate dihydrate having a particle size less than 2 mm with the ammonium salt having a particle size less than about 0.5 mm, heating the resulting mixture over a period of about 15 minutes to a pigment-forming temperature of about 800.degree. to 1100.degree. C, calcining the mixture at a temperature in that range, and separating the formed pigment from the salts. To the mixture prior to heating there may be added sodium hydroxide solution, boron compounds such as borax and/or organic modifiers such as sawdust which improve the color and tinting strength of the resulting pigment. The pigments are brighter, and of higher tinting strength than heretofore produced.Type: GrantFiled: February 6, 1976Date of Patent: August 9, 1977Assignee: Bayer AktiengesellschaftInventors: Manfred Mansmann, Wolfgang Rambold
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Patent number: 4029735Abstract: Ammonium chromate is contacted with calcium hydroxide to form calcium chromate.Type: GrantFiled: October 9, 1975Date of Patent: June 14, 1977Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the United States Energy Research and Development AdministrationInventors: Beverly M. Dillard, William W. Welbon
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Patent number: 4005184Abstract: Hydrogen is produced by a closed cyclic process involving the reduction and oxidation of chromium compounds by barium hydroxide and the hydrolytic disproportionation of Ba.sub.2 CrO.sub.4 and Ba.sub.3 (CrO.sub.4).sub.2.Type: GrantFiled: July 24, 1975Date of Patent: January 25, 1977Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the United States Energy Research and Development AdministrationInventors: Carlos E. Bamberger, Donald M. Richardson
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Patent number: 3933972Abstract: Processes for preparing vanadium- and chlorine-free sodium bichromate which comprises concentration of a sodium chromate liquor so as to cause formation of crystals of neutral sodium chromate tetrahydrate, separation of these crystals from their mother liquor, treatment thereof with sulfuric acid, concentration of the acid solution obtained, and after separation of insoluble sodium sulfate so formed, crystallization of sodium bichromate.Type: GrantFiled: February 11, 1974Date of Patent: January 20, 1976Assignee: Products Chimiques Ugine KuhlmannInventors: Robert Bauwens, Robert Lefrancois, Michel Gabriel
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Patent number: 3932598Abstract: An improved process for producing alkali metal chromates and dichromates wherein ferrochrome alloy containing at least 1% carbon by weight is reacted with a molten mixture of an alkali metal nitrate and an alkali metal carbonate at a temperature of at least 350.degree.C. The ferrochrome alloy can be prepared by smelting chromite ore in the presence of carbon.Type: GrantFiled: April 24, 1970Date of Patent: January 13, 1976Inventors: Hugh S. Cooper, deceased, Henry J. Rand, executor