Alkaline Earth Metal (mg, Ca, Sr, Or Ba) Patents (Class 423/635)
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Patent number: 6221531Abstract: A spinel-type structure with the general formula Li[Ti1.67Li0.33−yMy]O4, for 0<y≦0.33, where M=Mg and/or Al. The structure is usefid as a negative electrode for a non-aqueous electrochemical cell and in a non-aqueous battery comprising an plurality of cells, electrically connected, each cell comprising a negative electrode, an electrolyte and a positive electrode, the negative electrode consisting of the spinel-type structure disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: July 8, 1999Date of Patent: April 24, 2001Assignee: The University of ChicagoInventors: John T. Vaughey, Michael M. Thackeray, Arthur J. Kahaian, Andrew N. Jansen, Chun-hua Chen
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Patent number: 6217843Abstract: A method for the preparation of nanoparticles of metal oxides containing inserted metal particles and to metal-intercalated and/or metal-encaged “inorganic fullerene-like” (hereinafter IF) structures of metal chalcogenides obtained therefrom is provided, which comprises heating a metal I material with water vapor or electron beam evaporation of said metal I material with water or another suitable solvent, in the presence of a metal II salt, and recovering the metal II-doped metal I oxide, or proceeding to subsequent sulfidization, yielding bulk quantities of metal II-intercalated or metal II-encaged IF structures of the metal I chalcogenide. The metal II salt is preferably an alkaline, alkaline earth or transition metal salt, most preferably an alkali chloride. The intercalated and/or encaged IF structures are usable as lubricants. They also form stable suspensions, e.g.Type: GrantFiled: April 3, 2000Date of Patent: April 17, 2001Assignee: Yeda Research and Development Co., Ltd.Inventors: Moshe Homyonfer, Reshef Tenne, Yishay Feldman
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Patent number: 6218335Abstract: A porous spinel type oxide shows a large surface area and a uniform micro-porous structure. The oxide is expressed by general formula MO—Al2O3 and shows a surface area per unit weight of not less than 80 m2/g. Such a porous spinel type compound oxide is obtained by impregnating a specific &ggr;-alumina carrier with a solution of a compound of metal element M capable of taking a valence of 2, drying the impregnated carrier and calcining it at a temperature of 600° C. or higher. The specific &ggr;-alumina carrier shows a surface area per unit weight of not less than 150 m2/g, a micro-pore volume per unit weight of not less than 0.55 cm3/g and an average micro-pore diameter between 90 and 200 angstroms. The micro-pores with a diameter between 90 and 200 angstroms occupy not less than 60% of the total micro-pore volume of the carrier.Type: GrantFiled: July 23, 1999Date of Patent: April 17, 2001Assignee: Chiyoda CorporationInventors: Yoshimi Okada, Kenichi Imagawa, Susumu Yamamoto
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Patent number: 6183715Abstract: The microwave properties of numerous perovskite antimonates like A2MeSbO6 where A=Ba or Sr, Me=a rare earth, Y, Sc, Ga, or In and A4MeSb3O12 where A=Ba or Sr and M=Li, Na or K were measured at 10 Ghz and 300 K. Using the microwave properties and lattice parameters of these materials, the Clausius-Mossotti relationship and a nonlinear regression fitting program, the polarizability of Sb5+ was investigated and determined to be 1.18±0.49 A3. This low polarizability and the low loss of antimonates in general indicate that Sb5+ is an excellent candidate for use as a constituent in the fabrication of low dielectric constant, low loss, lattice matching perovskite oxide microwave substrates.Type: GrantFiled: April 30, 1998Date of Patent: February 6, 2001Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the ArmyInventors: Steven C. Tidrow, Arthur Tauber, William D. Wilber, Robert D. Finnegan
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Patent number: 6180559Abstract: Disclosed are certain catalysts and catalyst support materials and processes for the preparation of the catalyst support materials and for the selective hydrogenation of 3,4-epoxy-1-butene (EpB) to 1,2-epoxy-butane (butylene oxide—BO). The catalyst support materials have micropores filled with one or more inorganic oxides and the supported catalysts comprise one or more Group VIII metals deposited on the support materials. The rhodium-containing supported catalysts are especially useful for the selective hydrogenation of EpB to BO.Type: GrantFiled: March 2, 1999Date of Patent: January 30, 2001Assignee: Eastman Chemical CompanyInventors: Brian Dale Roberts, John Robert Monnier, David Martin Hitch
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Patent number: 6146607Abstract: A limestone furnace calcination process involves injecting finely divided limestone particles into a zone in a furnace at which the temperature of the flue gas stream, as it passes through the zone, is above the minimum calcination temperature and below the minimum effective quicklime utilization/sulfation temperature. In conventional furnaces, the minimum calcination temperature, or the calcium carbonate decomposition temperature, ranges from about 1,365 to 1,430.degree. F. The minimum effective quicklime utilization/sulfation temperature refers to the temperature below which the rate of quicklime sulfation of the lime produced by calcination of the limestone is sufficiently slow to result in negligible calcium sulfate formation on the resultant lime, and in conventional furnace applications ranges from 1,600 to 1,800.degree. F.Type: GrantFiled: July 24, 1997Date of Patent: November 14, 2000Inventor: Lloyd L. Lavely, Jr.
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Patent number: 6143272Abstract: This invention is a metal-zirconium oxide material made by sol-gel techniques from alkoxides including heterometallic alkoxides. The heterometallic alkoxides include zirconium and another metal selected from alkali metals and alkaline earth metal. Optionally, in forming this material, heterometallic alkoxides of zirconium and lanthanide metal may be included during sol-gel processing, as well as mono-metal alkoxides of these metals or zirconium.Type: GrantFiled: December 18, 1998Date of Patent: November 7, 2000Assignee: Ford Global Technologies, Inc.Inventors: Chaitanya Kumar Narula, Sabine Rita Nakouzi-Phillips
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Patent number: 6139813Abstract: The invention is a method for treating exhaust gas containing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides generated by a lean burn internal combustion engine. It includes bringing the exhaust gas into contact with a particular metal-zirconium oxide material made by sol-gel processing and which includes at least 0.1 wt. % precious metal. The alkoxides include heterometallic alkoxides containing zirconium and alkali metal or alkaline earth metal. Optionally the oxide may contain a lanthanide metal. Under lean-burn conditions nitrogen oxides are absorbed on the oxide and when the oxygen concentration is lowered the absorbed nitrogen oxide are desorbed and reduced over the precious metal.Type: GrantFiled: December 18, 1998Date of Patent: October 31, 2000Assignee: Ford Global Technologies, Inc.Inventors: Chaitanya Kumar Narula, Sabine Rita Nakouzi-Phillips
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Patent number: 6139814Abstract: The invention is a method for producing a metal oxide product by steps including absorbing a liquid solution of metal oxide precursors onto crystalline or microcrystalline, porous structured organic material capable of being combusted at elevated temperatures; heating the organic material containing the absorbed solution for a time and at a temperature sufficient to vaporize the liquid, convert the metal oxide precursors to metal oxides, and combust the organic material. The metal oxide products have been found to retain a high specific surface area (porous structure) even when subjected to elevated temperatures, which makes them ideally suited for use as catalyst materials.Type: GrantFiled: November 10, 1997Date of Patent: October 31, 2000Assignee: Ford Global Technologies, Inc.Inventors: Albert Nazipovich Shigapov, George Wade Graham, Robert Walter McCabe
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Patent number: 6093236Abstract: Pelletized adsorbent compositions and methods of adsorbing toxic target compounds are provided for the destructive adsorption or chemisorption of toxic or undesired compounds. The pelletized adsorbents are formed by pressing together powder nanocrystalline particles comprising a metal hydroxide or a metal oxide at pressures of from about 50 psi to about 6000 psi to form discrete self-sustaining bodies. The pelletized bodies should retain at least about 25% of the surface area/unit mass and total pore volume of the starting metal particles.Type: GrantFiled: June 8, 1998Date of Patent: July 25, 2000Assignee: Kansas State University Research FoundationInventors: Kenneth J. Klabunde, Olga Koper, Abbas Khaleel
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Patent number: 6071486Abstract: A for producing metal oxide and/or organo-metal oxide compositions from metal oxide and organo-metal oxide precursors utilizing a rate modifying drying agent. The process allows metal oxide and/or organo-metal oxide compositions to be produced from a wide variety of metal oxide and organo-metal oxide precursors including metal halides and organometallic halides.Type: GrantFiled: April 9, 1997Date of Patent: June 6, 2000Assignee: Cabot CorporationInventors: Kenneth C. Koehlert, Douglas M. Smith, William C. Ackerman, Stephen Wallace, David J. Kaul
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Patent number: 6042806Abstract: Applicant has synthesized a family of novel non-pillared metal oxide compositions which have a triple layered perovskite structure and a surface area of at least 30 m.sup.2 /g. These compositions are described by the empirical formulaAB.sub.2 M.sub.3 O.sub.10-xwhere A is a monovalent exchangeable cation such as cesium, B is a divalent or trivalent cation such as strontium or lanthanum and M is a +2, +3, +4 or a +5 valent metal such as niobium, titanium, aluminum or copper.Type: GrantFiled: May 19, 1999Date of Patent: March 28, 2000Assignee: UOP LOCInventor: Robert L. Bedard
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Patent number: 6040070Abstract: On the (100) surface of a perovskite of the type ABO.sub.3, a Ruddlerden-Popper AO*(ABO.sub.3).sub.n layer is generated by exposing the perovskite to an oxidizing atmosphere at temperatures above 750.degree. C.Type: GrantFiled: July 2, 1998Date of Patent: March 21, 2000Assignee: Forschungszentrum Julich GmbHInventors: Krzysztof Szot, Wolfgang Speier, Jorg Herion
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Patent number: 6036881Abstract: A stabilized lime slurry for treatment of biological solids in sewage. The composition preferably includes 30-36% calcium hydroxide, 10-16% potassium hydroxide, 2-4% potassium chloride, 2-4% magnesium hydroxide, all on a dry basis, and the balance in water. This composition raises the pH rapidly for destroying pathogens, is sufficiently concentrated for economically feasible transportation, and reduces the cost, difficulties and dangers of treating sewage with a lime based composition while providing a resulting product from the sewage treatment process which can be spread upon agricultural soil in a manner which improves soil fertility without introducing undesirable or contaminating materials into the soil.Type: GrantFiled: October 28, 1997Date of Patent: March 14, 2000Assignee: New Eezy Gro, Inc.Inventor: Louis S. Hurst
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Patent number: 6025424Abstract: A flame retardant having heat deterioration resistance which is composed of magnesium hydroxide particles having (i) an average secondary particle diameter, measured by a laser diffraction scattering method, of not more than 2 .mu.m, (ii) a specific surface area, measured by a BET method, of not more than 20 m.sup.2 /g and containing (iii) a total amount of an iron compound and a manganese compound of not more than 0.02% by weight in terms of metals, and a synthetic resin composition comprising the same and a molded article therefrom.Type: GrantFiled: March 19, 1998Date of Patent: February 15, 2000Assignee: Kyowa Chemical Industry Co LtdInventors: Keiko Katsuki, Makoto Yoshii
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Patent number: 5965102Abstract: Undersize particles are recovered from a conventional manufacturing process commonly employed to prepare fused magnesia crystals. The recovery hydrolizes a bulk mass of the collected undersize particles causing fracture to eventually occur in the bulk mass and thereafter fuses the agglomerated material in an electric arc furnace.Type: GrantFiled: November 24, 1997Date of Patent: October 12, 1999Inventors: Harry B. Shimp, Charles W. Keller, Steve M. White
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Patent number: 5942205Abstract: This invention aims to provide titanate whiskers which are excellent in heat resistance, chemical resistance and reinforcing effect and are low in coefficient of thermal conductivity.The titanate whiskers of the invention are those represented by the formulaA.sup.I.sub.v A.sup.II.sub.w M.sup.II.sub.x M.sup.III.sub.y Ti.sub.8-z O.sub.16wherein A.sup.I is at least one member selected from alkali metals, A.sup.II is Ba, M.sup.II is at least one member selected from the group consisting of Mg, Co, Ni, Zn, Cu and Mn, M.sup.III is at least one member selected from the group consisting of Al, Sc, Cr, Fe and Ga, and v, w, x, y and z are real numbers which fulfill 0.5.ltoreq.2x+y.ltoreq.2.5, 2x+y=v+2w, and z=x+y.Type: GrantFiled: February 10, 1997Date of Patent: August 24, 1999Assignees: Otsuka Kagaku Kabushiki Kaisha, Tomita Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.Inventors: Hiroki Murata, Masayoshi Suzue, Akiyoshi Kawaguchi, Fauzi Faustinus, Toshihiro Kamewa, Tomohide Koizumi
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Patent number: 5906804Abstract: Magnesium hydroxide slurries having the following characteristics: (i) having a solids content of between 40-80 wt. % based on the weight of the slurry with the balance being water; (ii) containing between 0.01-5.0 wt.% of at least one viscosity modifying agent or dispersant based on the weight of the slurry selected from the following groups: (1) inorganic acids having a molecular weight less than 130 amu and their inorganic salts excluding H.sub.2 SO.sub.4, H.sub.3 PO.sub.4, silicic acid and salts having an alkali metal as sole cation; (2) low molecular weight (i.e.Type: GrantFiled: January 23, 1997Date of Patent: May 25, 1999Assignee: Orica Australia Pty, Ltd.Inventors: Halil Aral, Martin Richard Houchin, Phillip Robin Strode, Robert Van Merkestein, Philip Bush
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Patent number: 5874374Abstract: A method for producing engineered materials from salt/polymer aqueous solutions in which an aqueous continuous phase having at least one metal cation salt is mixed with a hydrophilic organic polymeric disperse phase so as to form a metal cation/polymer gel. The metal cation/polymer gel is then treated to form a structural mass precursor, which structural mass precursor is heated, resulting in formation of a structural mass having predetermined characteristics based upon the intended application of the structural mass.Type: GrantFiled: September 8, 1997Date of Patent: February 23, 1999Assignee: Institute of Gas TechnologyInventor: Estela Ong
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Patent number: 5872169Abstract: The present invention relates to a flame retardant quality magnesium hydroxide having a BET surface area of less than approximately 10 m.sup.2 per gram (uncoated), an average particle size of approximately 0.5 to 10.0 micron, and less than approximately 0.5% of particles over 10 micron (average particle size measured by laserlight scattering method), and a substantial number of crystals which are generally ovoid in cross section. A process for producing a flame retardant quality magnesium hydroxide is also described.Type: GrantFiled: May 7, 1997Date of Patent: February 16, 1999Assignee: Flamemag International GIEInventors: Dagwin Elsner, Roger Rothon
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Patent number: 5855862Abstract: A method for preparing an oxide (P), which includes the steps of (i) forming a solid phase compound (O) based on an oxide containing molecular entities (1) chosen from optionally substituted ammonium, diammonium, diazan-ium or diazandium, the entities being distributed within the solid matrix, and (ii) eliminating the entities (1) from the solid phase compound (O) by reacting the solid phase compound (O) with a gaseous stream containing a break-down reactant for the entities (1), and isolating the resulting solid material (P).Type: GrantFiled: January 8, 1997Date of Patent: January 5, 1999Assignee: Rhone-Poulenc ChimieInventors: Jean-Claude Grenier, Jean-Pierre Doumerc, Stephane Petit
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Patent number: 5840267Abstract: A method for producing a metal oxide powder which comprises heating a metal or metals in an atmosphere gas comprising a halogen gas, a hydrogen halide gas or a mixture of these gases in a concentration of from 0.5% by volume or more to 99.5% by volume or less; and oxygen, water vapor or a mixture of these gases in a concentration of from 0.5% by volume or more to 99.5% by volume or less.Type: GrantFiled: June 27, 1996Date of Patent: November 24, 1998Assignee: Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.Inventor: Kunio Saegusa
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Patent number: 5762901Abstract: A method for producing a stabilized magnesium hydroxide slurry comprising physically deflocculating the magnesium hydroxide solids in a starting slurry to produce a stabilized magnesium hydroxide slurry. Depending on the chloride level of the starting slurry, a cationic polymer may be added to the slurry. Optionally a thickening agent may be added to the deflocculated slurry. Also disclosed is a stabilized magnesium hydroxide slurry produced by the method which may be transported and stored without substantial agglomeration of the magnesium hydroxide solids.Type: GrantFiled: May 9, 1997Date of Patent: June 9, 1998Assignee: Martin Marietta Magnesia SpecialtiesInventors: Alvin Richmond, Robert J. Gutowski
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Patent number: 5698483Abstract: A process for producing nano size powders comprising the steps of mixing an aqueous continuous phase comprising at least one metal cation salt with a hydrophilic organic polymeric disperse phase, forming a metal cation salt/polymer gel, and heat treating the gel at a temperature sufficient to drive off water and organics within the gel, leaving as a residue a nanometer particle-size powder.Type: GrantFiled: March 17, 1995Date of Patent: December 16, 1997Assignee: Institute of Gas TechnologyInventors: Estela T. Ong, Vahid Sendijarevic
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Patent number: 5656037Abstract: The preparation of water-insoluble, bactericidal, peroxide-containing products, by reaction of magnesium acetate with hydrogen peroxide, and products obtained are disclosed. Processes for application and deposition of these reaction products on natural, synthetic and blend fibrous substrates are also disclosed. The modified fibrous substrates thus produced inhibit the growth and spread of odor- and disease-causing gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and the antibacterial activity of the modified fibrous substrates is durable to repeated launderings.Type: GrantFiled: December 28, 1995Date of Patent: August 12, 1997Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of AgricultureInventors: Tyrone L. Vigo, Gary F. Danna
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Patent number: 5618472Abstract: Anions of the formula (I):[DA.sub.5 M.sub.30-x O.sub.110-x (M'L).sub.x ].sup.m- (I)in which D is Na.sup.+, Ca.sup.2+ ; A is P, As, Sb, Si, Ge, or combinations thereof, M is W.sup.5+, W.sup.6+, or mixtures thereof; M' is a metallic element from groups 2 to 15 of the periodic table; other than W; L is O.sup.2-, OH.sup.-, H.sub.2 O; x is 0-10; and m is 10-20; selectively react with cations Z.sup.n+ to afford anions of the formula (II):[ZA.sub.5 M.sub.30-x O.sub.110-x (M'L).sub.x ].sup.(m+1-n)-(II)wherein n is 3 or 4; Z=Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Y, or Bi, when n=3, and Z=Ce, U, Np, Pu, or Am, when n =4. This reaction may be used for the selective encapsulation of lanthanide or actinide cations, and salts containing anions of formula (II) may be vitrified to form glasses or reduced to form tungsten "bronze" materials suitable for the long-term storage of radioactive lanthanides or actinides.Type: GrantFiled: September 13, 1994Date of Patent: April 8, 1997Assignee: Georgetown UniversityInventors: Michael T. Pope, Inge I. Creaser, Mark C. Heckel
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Patent number: 5578551Abstract: The present invention is a controlled vapor/solid reaction process for the synthesis of samples of bulk compositions with a structure defined by the homologous series HgBa.sub.2 Ca.sub.n-1 Cu.sub.n O.sub.2n+2+.delta. [Hg-12(n-1)n] with n=2, 3, . . . with up to 75 to 90% Hg-1212 and 65 to 75% Hg-1223 by volume, which display sharp superconducting transitions up to 135 K.Type: GrantFiled: July 28, 1993Date of Patent: November 26, 1996Assignee: University of HoustonInventors: Ching-Wu Chu, Ruling Meng, Y. Q. Wang
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Patent number: 5543522Abstract: There are disclosed a process for preparing an ambient temperature molten salt, which comprises treating an ambient temperature molten salt consisting essentially of 20 to 50 mole % of an aluminum halide and 80 to 50 mole % of an onium halide, containing oxygen-containing impurities originating from water with thionyl chloride anda process for preparing an ambient temperature molten salt for effecting aluminum electroplating, which comprises treating mixed ambient temperature molten salts consisting essentially of 30 to 50 mole % of an aluminum halide and 70 to 50 mole % of an onium halide, containing oxygen-containing impurities originating from water with thionyl chloride, and then adding aluminum halide to the molten salt to prepare an ambient temperature molten salt composition consisting essentially of 50 to 80 mole % of an aluminum halide and 50 to 20 mole % of an onium halide.Type: GrantFiled: August 25, 1994Date of Patent: August 6, 1996Assignees: Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Nisshin Steel Co., Ltd.Inventors: Takayuki Kawahara, Hitoshi Suzuki, Asao Kominato
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Patent number: 5527765Abstract: A high temperature superconductor and composite structure. A superconductor is disposed on a silver substrate without interdiffusion. The superconductor is formed by heating to a temperature not exceeding the peritectic point of the superconductor material, providing an oxidizing atmosphere while not exceeding the melting point of silver and disposing the superconductor on the silver substrate.Type: GrantFiled: August 23, 1994Date of Patent: June 18, 1996Assignee: Illinois Superconductor CorporationInventors: James D. Hodge, Lori J. Klemptner
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Patent number: 5502021Abstract: This invention concerns highly reactive reagents and compositions for purifying exhaust gases and flue gases and for purifying wastewater as well as the processes for producing same and use thereof.The reagents and compositions are mixtures of calcium hydroxide with additives, especially clays, powdered bricks, carbon products such as coal dust and flue ash and optionally water glass which are already porous due to their special production and have a high specific surface area of up to about 200 m.sup.2 /g.Using these sorbents, hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons, dioxins and furans in addition to heavy metals can be removed from exhaust gases and wastewater. Other advantages include the easy setup of the resulting products and their great safety for dumping.Type: GrantFiled: June 7, 1995Date of Patent: March 26, 1996Assignee: Walhalla-Kalk Entwicklungs-Und VertriebsgesellschaftInventor: Georg Schuster
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Patent number: 5492685Abstract: Hydrated lime having high surface area and small particle size is prepared by hydrating lime with an aqueous hydration solution of an organic solvent, and preferably washing the resulting hydrate with an aqueous solution of an organic solvent prior to drying. The high surface area hydrates of the invention are excellent sorbents for SO.sub.2 removal from gas streams.Type: GrantFiled: April 14, 1993Date of Patent: February 20, 1996Assignee: The Board of Trustees of the University of IllinoisInventors: David L. Moran, Massoud Rostam-Abadi
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Patent number: 5487878Abstract: A method for preparing a perpendicularly magnetizable material usable on magnetic recording media comprises the steps of: dissolving at least one member of the group consisting of strontium chloride and strontium nitrate with at least one member of the group consisting of iron chloride and iron nitrate in distilled water; adding citric acid to the resultant solution; controlling the pH of the solution to a range sufficient to completely dissociate the citric acid; heating the resultant solution with stirring to yield a gelatinous precursor; and subjecting the precursor to a temperature sufficiently high to remove the organic constituents thereof, which is characterized by controlling the pH of the solution to gelate the solution without the use of ethylene glycol, and can provide a perpendicularly magnetizable material superior in magnetic and particle properties.Type: GrantFiled: September 1, 1994Date of Patent: January 30, 1996Inventors: Young Jei Oh, Jin-Ho Choy, Hyung Jin Jung, Yang Su Han, Seung Wan Song
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Patent number: 5476642Abstract: Magnesium hydroxide of the formula Mg(OH).sub.2 having a crystallite size in the direction <004> greater than 150 .ANG. and smaller than 500 .ANG., an aspect ratio in the range from 2 to 5, a strain in the direction <004> not greater than 4.2.times.10.sup.-3 and a strain in the direction <110> not greater than 3.0.times.10.sup.-3. 50% of secondary particles with diameters smaller than 1.4 .mu.m and 100% of secondary particles with diameters not greater than 4.0 .mu.m, and a specific surface, determined by the BET method, smaller than 25 m.sup.2 /g. It is prepared by a two-step procedure; in the first step, magnesium nitrate is treated by an alkaline substance, preferably by ammonia, in an aqueous medium, with 1.5 to 6.0-multiple excess of ammonia, at a temperature of not more than 85.degree. C., at the atmospheric pressure, causing that basic magnesium nitrate is formed which, in the second step, decomposes at a temperature of 110.degree. to 150.degree. C.Type: GrantFiled: May 23, 1994Date of Patent: December 19, 1995Assignee: Duslo, a.s.Inventors: Pavol Skubla, Stefan Bezak, Ladislav Lencses, Eve Kukova
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Patent number: 5474602Abstract: Improved fire retardant fillers for plastics materials are described which consist of magnesium hydroxide particles of reduced average surface area. The particles are produced by contacting particles of magnesium hydroxide of a relatively high average surface area with an etching solution for a time sufficient to dissolve at least some of the particles and to leave particles of reduced average surface area.Type: GrantFiled: November 30, 1994Date of Patent: December 12, 1995Assignee: Alcan International LimitedInventors: Stephen C. Brown, Frederick H. Taylor, Natalie G. Mead
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Patent number: 5462917Abstract: A superconductor material having a current density, J, of from about 30,000 to about 85,000 amps/cm.sup.2 at zero magnetic field and 77.degree. K is disclosed. The 123 superconductor, of the formula L.sub.1 Ba.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.6 +.delta. wherein L is preferably yttrium, is capable of entrapping sufficiently high magnetic fields and exhibits a low microwave surface resistance. The process of preparing the superconductor comprises compacting the bulk product, L.sub.1 Ba.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O, and then sintering the reaction product at a temperature between about 40.degree. C. to about 90.degree. C. below its melting point, i.e., for Y.sub.1 Ba.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.6 +.delta. at a temperature of approximately 940.degree. C. The composition is then heated in a preheated chamber maintained at approximately 1090.degree. C. to about 1,200.degree. C. (approximately 1,100.degree. C. for Y.sub.1 Ba.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.6 +.delta.Type: GrantFiled: February 14, 1994Date of Patent: October 31, 1995Assignee: University of Houston-University ParkInventors: Kamel Salama, Venkatakrishnan Selvamanickam
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Patent number: 5461101Abstract: The invention relates to particulate magnesium hydroxide suitable for use as a flame retardant additive for a polymer which has a BET surface area of 13-30 m.sup.2 /g and an average particle size (D.sub.50) of 0.3-1.0 micron.The invention also relates to a process for producing a particulate magnesium hydroxide having a BET surface area of 13-30 m.sup.2 /g and an average particle size (D.sub.50) of 0.3-1.9 micron by calcining a magnesium feedstock to magnesium oxide having a BET surface area of 3-10 m.sup.2 /g; hydrating the magnesium oxide to a magnesium hydroxide hydration product in the absence of added catalyst; and milling the magnesium hydroxide hydration product.The invention further relates to a polymeric article containing particulate magnesium hydroxide according to the invention.Type: GrantFiled: April 23, 1993Date of Patent: October 24, 1995Assignee: Defped LimitedInventors: Roger N. Rothon, Adrian M. Ryder, Anthony G. Bourke
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Patent number: 5447708Abstract: An apparatus provides high temperature and short residence time conditions for the production of nanoscale ceramic powders. The apparatus includes a confinement structure having a multiple inclined surfaces for confining flame located between the surfaces so as to define a flame zone. A burner system employs one or more burners to provide flame to the flame zone. Each burner is located in the flame zone in close proximity to at least one of the inclined surfaces. A delivery system disposed adjacent the flame zone delivers an aerosol, comprising an organic or carbonaceous carrier material and a ceramic precursor, to the flame zone to expose the aerosol to a temperature sufficient to induce combustion of the carrier material and vaporization and nucleation, or diffusion and oxidation, of the ceramic precursor to form pure, crystalline, narrow size distribution, nanophase ceramic particles.Type: GrantFiled: May 10, 1993Date of Patent: September 5, 1995Assignee: Physical Sciences, Inc.Inventors: Joseph J. Helble, Gary A. Moniz, Theodore F. Morse
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Patent number: 5439878Abstract: A process for preparing a copper oxide superconductor of (Ba,Sr)-Cu-C-O containing carbonate radicals is disclosed, which comprises the steps of: mixing alkaline earth metal compounds and a copper compound with a molar ratio of 1.1 to 2.25 to obtain a mixture; pressing said mixture to form a pellet; and sintering said pellet in an oxygen atmosphere, wherein the alkaline earth metal compounds including a barium compound selected from the group consisting of barium carbonate and barium oxalate, and a strontium compound selected from the group consisting of strontium carbonate and strontium oxalate and the copper compound selected from the group consisting of copper carbonate, copper nitrate, copper oxalate and copper oxide.Type: GrantFiled: July 7, 1994Date of Patent: August 8, 1995Assignee: Nippon Telegraph and Telephone CorporationInventors: Kyoichi Kinoshita, Tomoaki Yamada
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Patent number: 5432143Abstract: A method of producing a microcrystalline RBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.y structure where R denotes a lanthanide chosen from Y, La, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu and where y has a value between 6.9 and 7 starts with a powder of composition [x(123) ; (1-x) (7BaO--18CuO] where (123) denotes the 123 phase of RBaB.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.y and where the value of x is between 0.01 and 1. The powder is compressed and sintered at a temperature below 920.degree. C. (the BaCuO.sub.2 and CuO binary eutectic temperature) to form a sample. The sample is placed on an oxide of the lanthanide R. The sample and its support undergo heat treatment enabling chemical reaction between the liquid part of the sample and its support whereby substantially all of the liquid part is consumed and highly regular 123 monocrystals are obtained. Cooling is applied. At least one annealing is carried out in pure oxygen at a temperature between 350.degree. C. and 500.degree. C. to obtain the orthorhombic form characteristic of RBa.sub.2 Cu.Type: GrantFiled: January 11, 1994Date of Patent: July 11, 1995Assignee: Alcatel Alsthom Compagnie Generale D'ElectriciteInventors: Nadia Pellerin, Philippe Odier
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Patent number: 5422092Abstract: A composite metal hydroxide is provided for use as a flame-retardant in a resin or rubber composition. The composite metal hydroxide is a solid solution having the formula (1) Ca.sub.1-x M.sup.2+ x(OH).sub.2. M is at least one member selected from the group consisting of Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn and x is in the range of 0.001.ltoreq.x<0.995. Two preferred composite metal hydroxides have the formula (2) Ca.sub.1-x Mg.sup.2+ x(OH).sub.2 wherein x is in the range of 0.001.ltoreq.x<0.995 and the formula (3) Ca.sub.1-x (Mg, Ni, Mn).sub.x (OH).sub.2 wherein x is in the range of 0.001.ltoreq.x<0.Type: GrantFiled: December 27, 1993Date of Patent: June 6, 1995Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha Kaisui Kagaku KenkyujoInventor: Shigeo Miyata
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Patent number: 5364568Abstract: Anions of the formula (I):[DA.sub.5 M.sub.30-x O.sub.110-x (M'L).sub.x ].sup.m- (I)in which D is Na.sup.+, Ca.sup.2+; A is P, As, Sb, Si, Ge, or combinations thereof M is W.sup.5+, W.sup.6.alpha., or mixtures thereof; M' is a metallic element from groups 2 to 15 of the periodic table; other than W; L is O.sup.2-, OH.sup.-, H.sub.2 O; x is 0-10; and m is 10-20; selectively react with cations Z.sup.n+ to afford anions of the formula (II):[ZA.sub.5 M.sub.30-x O.sub.110-x (M'L).sub.x ].sup.(m+1-n)- (II)wherein n is 3 or 4; Z=Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Y, or Bi, when n=3, and Z=Ce, U, Np, Pu, or Am, when n=4. This reaction may be used for the selective encapsultion of lanthanide or actinide cations, and salts containing anions of formula (II) may be vitrified to form glasses or reduced to form tungsten "bronze" materials suitable for the long-germ storage of radioactive lanthanides or actinides.Type: GrantFiled: July 8, 1992Date of Patent: November 15, 1994Assignee: Georgetown UniversityInventors: Michael T. Pope, Inge I. Creaser, Mark C. Heckel
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Patent number: 5359452Abstract: 0.1% or more of Mg by weight is added to lithium tantalate monocrystal materials wherein the amount of Fe is restricted to 10 ppm by weight or less to improve light transmittance in the short wavelength range of blue light and to shift the fundamental absorption edge to the shorter wavelength.Type: GrantFiled: April 16, 1993Date of Patent: October 25, 1994Assignee: Hitachi Metals, Ltd.Inventors: Fumio Nitanda, Yasunori Furukawa, Masayoshi Sato, Kohei Ito, Satoshi Makio
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Patent number: 5358695Abstract: Submicron sized ceramic particles are produced by combining a ceramic precursor with an organic or carbonaceous carrier material, and exposing droplets of the mixture to a temperature sufficient to cause combustion of the organic material and subsequent vaporization and nucleation, or diffusion and oxidation, of the ceramic precursor to form pure, crystalline, uniform nanophase ceramic particles.Type: GrantFiled: January 21, 1993Date of Patent: October 25, 1994Assignee: Physical Sciences, Inc.Inventors: Joseph J. Helble, Gary A. Moniz, Joseph R. Morency
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Patent number: 5354733Abstract: An oxide superconductor contains carbonate radicals and compositions represented by the general formula (Ba.sub.1-x Sr.sub.x).sub.2 Cu.sub.1+y C.sub.w O.sub.3+Z, wherein x, y, w and z satisfy the following relations: 0.25.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.64, -0.11.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.77, 0.89.ltoreq.w.ltoreq.1.77 and 1.67.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.4.33. The superconductor has a transition temperature of 20 K. or higher and a coherence length of 30 .ANG..Type: GrantFiled: March 22, 1993Date of Patent: October 11, 1994Assignee: Nippon Telegraph and Telephone CorporationInventors: Kyoichi Kinoshita, Tomoaki Yamada
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Patent number: 5340797Abstract: A method of preparing a superconductor. The method includes preparing a mixture of superconductor material constituents, disposing the constituents on a silver containing substrate, heating the mixture of constituents on a silver containing substrate, heating the mixture in a first atmosphere having a partial pressure of CO.sub.2 to control decomposition of at least one of the superconductor material constituents and changing the first atmosphere to a second atmosphere consisting essentially of an oxidizing gas capable of allowing decomposition of at least one of the superconductor material constituents.Type: GrantFiled: January 29, 1993Date of Patent: August 23, 1994Assignee: Illinois Superconductor CorporationInventors: James D. Hodge, Lori J. Klemptner
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Patent number: 5312605Abstract: A method is disclosed for removing pollutants from the exhaust of combustion systems burning fuels containing substantial amounts of sulfur and nitrogen. An exemplary method of the invention involves the formation and reaction of a sorbent comprising calcium magnesium acetate (CMA). The CMA is either dry-sprayed (in the form of a fine powder) or wet-sprayed in an aqueous solution in a high temperature environment such as a combustion chamber. The latter technique is feasible since CMA is a uniquely water-soluble form of calcium and magnesium. When the dispersed particles of CMA are heated to a high temperature, fine calcium and magnesium oxide particles, which are hollow with thin and highly porous walls are formed, affording optimum external and internal accessibility for reacting with toxic gaseous emissions such as SO.sub.2. Further, the combustion of the organic acetate portion of the sorbent results in the conversion of NO.sub.x to N.sub.2.Type: GrantFiled: December 11, 1991Date of Patent: May 17, 1994Assignee: Northeastern UniversityInventors: Yiannis A. Levendis, Donald L. Wise
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Patent number: 5306698Abstract: Improved processes for making thin film and bulk thallium superconductors are described, as well as Tl superconductors having high critical current densities and low surface impedance. An annealing step in a reduced oxygen atmosphere is used to convert compounds containing thallium, calcium, barium and copper to a Tl-2223 superconducting phase or to convert an oxide having the nominal composition Tl.sub.2 Ca.sub.2 Ba.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.x to a crystalline Tl-2223 phase. The oxygen pressure during annealing is controlled to be below the thermodynamic stability limit for conversion of Tl-2223 to Tl-2122 and secondary phases. Temperatures less than 880.degree. C. are used, the oxygen pressure being sufficient to prevent excess thallium loss so that the Tl content in the final Tl-2223 phase is Tl.sub.1.6-2.0. Electrical devices including SQUIDs can be made with these improved superconductors.Type: GrantFiled: October 10, 1991Date of Patent: April 26, 1994Assignee: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Byung T. Ahn, Robert B. Beyers, Wen Y. Lee
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Patent number: 5264284Abstract: A fibrous composite metal hydroxide containing a small amount of hexagonal-plate-like magnesium hydroxide and being therefore advantageously useful as a reinforcing material for resins and rubbers. The crystal water elimination temperature thereof can be set at any point between the crystal water elimination temperature of magnesium hydroxide and that of aluminum hydroxide. This fibrous composite metal hydroxide is excellent in flame retardancy and acid resistance. The fibrous composite metal hydroxide has an aspect ratio of about 10 or more, an average diameter of approximately 0.1 to 10 .mu.m and an average length of approximately 2 to 1,000 .mu.m, and having the formula (1),M.sup.2+.sub.x Mg.sub.1-x (OH).sub.2 (1)wherein M is at least one member selected from Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn and x is defined by 0.005<x<0.5.Type: GrantFiled: June 2, 1992Date of Patent: November 23, 1993Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha Kaisui Kagaku KenkyujoInventor: Shigeo Miyata
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Patent number: 5223239Abstract: Hydrated lime having high surface area and small particle size is prepared by hydrating lime with an aqueous hydration solution of an organic solvent, and preferably washing the resulting hydrate with an aqueous solution of an organic solvent prior to drying. The high surface area hydrates of the invention are excellent sorbents for SO.sub.2 removal from gas streams.Type: GrantFiled: March 20, 1992Date of Patent: June 29, 1993Assignee: Research Corporation Technologies, Inc.Inventors: David L. Moran, Massoud Rostam-Abadi
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Patent number: 5223480Abstract: A novel method for forming homogeneous silver high temperature superconductor (HTS) composites. The novel method comprises a chemical coprecipitation of silver, barium, yttrium, and copper salts solutions, followed by calcination and milling processes. The novel method has an advantage of retaining all the virtues immanent in a composite HTS, for example, increased critical current density (Jc), and improved mechanical properties, while bypassing extant and deficient methodologies for forming a composite, the deficient composites characterized by heterogeneity.Type: GrantFiled: April 22, 1991Date of Patent: June 29, 1993Assignee: Eastman Kodak CompanyInventors: Ashok K. Agarwala, Paul A. Christian, Kenneth B. Quinn