Abstract: A novel controlled release device employing microporous membranes with or without a nonporous coating and aqueous-organic partitioning of the bioreactive substances to be delivered is provided. Devices and methods for delivering pharmaceuticals, pest-control substances, hormones, nutrients and fragrances to humans, animals or any environment are also provided.

Abstract: Controlled release compositions of matter are disclosed comprising complexes for treating a population of one or more aquatic organisms in a column of water. The complexes comprise at least one system wherein the system comprises at least one bioactive agent as a component selected for treating a population of aquatic organisms, at least one carrier component, and at least one coating component for regulating the controlled release rate and release profile of the bioactive agent in water or at least one bioactive agent and one joint-function component that can serve as both a carrier and coating to regulate the controlled release rate and release profile of the bioactive agent in water, with or without optional binder components and/or additional formulation materials. The components are selected to sink or float so that the complexes will permeate and/or remain in any planar or volumetric segment of a water column for a period of time that is sufficient to effectively treat a population of aquatic organisms.

Abstract: Controlled release compositions of matter are disclosed comprising complexes for treating a population of one or more aquatic organisms in a column of water. The complexes comprise at least one system wherein the system comprises at least one bioactive agent as a component selected for treating a population of aquatic organisms, at least one carrier component, and at least one coating component for regulating the controlled release rate and release profile of the bioactive agent in water or at least one bioactive agent and one joint-function component that can serve as both a carrier and coating to regulate the controlled release rate and release profile of the bioactive agent in water, with or without optional binder components and/or additional formulation materials. The components are selected to sink or float so that the complexes will permeate and/or remain in any planar or volumetric segment of a water column for a period of time that is sufficient to effectively treat a population of aquatic organisms.

Abstract: A cockroach repellent comprising a non-toxic, non-noxious, non-corrosive compound that is substantially odorless to humans and organisms except to cockroaches, wherein the present invention provides an environmentally safe cockroach repellent that consists of various compositions of matter that includes a mixture of selective amounts of linoleic acid together with a suitable antioxidant preservative which creates a non-noxious vaporous pheromic substance that is repellent to cockroach presence and prevents subsequent infestation in a given area, the compound being synergistic in prolonging over time the desirable action of the invention, and whose vapors do not form a flammable mixture with air.

Abstract: Described is a method of repelling Musca domestica L.(Diptera:Muscidae), Aedes aegypti, Culex nigripalpus, Aedes atlanticus, Culex salinarius, Aedes vexans, Culex spp., Simulium spp., Psoroferia ferox, Aedes infirmatus, Drosophila melanogaster, Coccinellidae, Anopheles crucians, Psoroferia columbiae, Culicoides spp., Aedes spp. and Haematobia for a finite period of time from a three dimensional space inhabited by at least one of such insect species consisting essentially of the step of exposing a three dimensional space to an effective insect species member repelling concentration and quantity of a dimethyl substituted oxymethyl cyclohexane derivative-containing composition of matter defined according to the structure: ##STR1## The above-stated repellents are described to be useful as such or contained in a polymer which can be a biodegradable polymer such as compositions containing a major proportion of poly(epsilon caprolactone) homopolymers.

Abstract: An insecticidal composition in the form of an aerosol water-in-oil emulsion is disclosed which comprises:(a) an amount of an aqueous suspension of microencapsulated insecticide to give an insecticide concentration in the composition of from 0.001 to 5% w/w;(b) one or more solvents in an amount of from 1 to 20% w/w;(c) one or more emulsifiers in an amount of from 0.2 to 10% w/w and selected from the group comprising mono-, di-and tri-sorbitan esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters, mono- and poly-glycerol esters, ethoxylated nonionic emulsifiers, propoxylated nonionic emulsifiers and ethoxylated/propoxylated nonionic emulsifiers;(d) from 2 to 80% w/w of one or more propellants;(e) optionally from 0.001 to 5% w/w of one or more oil phase soluble insecticides; and(f) the balance being water.

Abstract: Microcapsules containing a biologically active material which is sensitive to ultraviolet light are prepared which contain an ultraviolet light protectant selected from titanium dioxide, zinc oxide and mixtures thereof, suspended and thoroughly dispersed in a liquid.

Abstract: Water dispersible granules are prepared that contain low melting point pesticides and which are prepared by milling the pesticides with a first portion of finely divided filler and blending the milled mixture with a second portion of finely divided filler, wetting the blend with water and then forming granules from the wetted blend.

Abstract: A non-food oral hygiene composition comprising a suitable carrier and an effective amount of an adhesion inhibitory fraction isolated from juice from berries of the Vaccinium plant genus. In a preferred embodiment the anti-aggregation fraction is isolated from cranberry juice. It is characterized as being polymeric and having a molecular weight .gtoreq.14,000; an elemental analysis of carbon 43-51%, hydrogen 4-5%, no nitrogen, no sulfur and no chlorine; an NMR line spectrum as set forth in FIGS. 2A and 2B; and an ultraviolet spectrum with an absorption peak at 280 nm in neutral or acidic pH solution which is absent in alkali solutions. This fraction exhibits adhesion inhibitory activity against both P fimbriated bacteria and oral bacteria.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of an aqueous suspension of microcapsules having a capsule wall of polyurea and encapsulating a water-immiscible pesticide, by dispersing a solution of a polyisocyanate in the sparingly water-soluble pesticide in water and subsequently reacting the dispersion with a polyamine, which process comprises effecting the dispersion of the solution of the polyisocyanate in the sparingly water-soluble pesticide in water and the subsequent reaction of the dispersion with the polyamine in the presence of at least one water-soluble or water-dispersible nonionic surfactant of a block copolymer having at least one hydrophobic block and at least one hydrophilic block.

Abstract: A composition for agricultural and other actives, comprising a finely-divided particulate combination of microcrystalline cellulose, at least one nitrogen compound such as urea, an ammonium sulfate or phosphate and, optionally, a suspending agent for the micro-crystalline cellulose. The composition can be compacted to form shaped, solid dosage forms such as tablets which disintegrate rapidly in an aqueous medium.

Abstract: A granular composition consisting essentially of a granular carrier having a fused or slurried mixture comprising a pesticidally active ingredient, an antioxidant and/or an epoxy compound, and wax, coated thereon.

Abstract: Superabsorbent solid organic polymers which absorb over 100 times their weight in water are used in aquatic environment insect population control compositions. Methods for using the superabsorbent polymer insecticidal delivery agents for the control of aquatic environment insect populations, including mosquito population control methods, in an area needing aquatic environment insect population control treatment or in a dry area that is expected to need aquatic environment insect population control, are described.

Abstract: An insect communication disturbing material comprises a covering material and a pheromone component to be included therein, wherein the included pheromone component exudes on the surface of the covering material in such a condition that it can be transferred and adhered to insect pests which contact with the insect communication disturbing material. The material is used in a method for disturbing insect communication which comprises attracting male adult insects to the above-described material, thereby effecting their contact with the insect communication disturbing material and adhesion of the pheromone component to the body of the male adults, and subsequently allowing the contacted males to be free without capturing them.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cosmetic or pharmaceutical compositions containing a preservative-effective amount of hinokitiol-containing microcapsules, the microcapsules comprising a matrix containing collagen and a glycosaminoglycan.

Abstract: Osmotically driven drug delivery devices with walls of porous hydrophobic material as the sole diffusion-limiting wall component are disclosed. Despite pores which are considerably larger than the molecular dimensions of osmotically active species in the interior of the device, despite pores which by their hydrophobic character do not permit the passage of liquid water, and despite the absence of a cellulosic semi-permeable membrane, the devices absorb water by osmosis without loss of the osmotically active species, and function in a manner analogous to osmotic pumps of the prior art. By permitting the use of hydrophobic substances as the wall material, the invention permits the device to be constructed entirely from biodegradable materials.

Abstract: Described is a method for repelling insects by use of oxymethyl cyclohexane derivatives of the structure ##STR1## wherein Z is methylene; n is 0 or 1; each of the wavy lines represents a carbon-carbon single bond or no bond; the dashed line represents a carbon-carbon double bond or a carbon-carbon single bond; each of R.sub.2, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are the same or different and each represents hydrogen or methyl; and R.sub.1 represents hydrogen, acetyl or ethoxycarbonyl with the provisos:(i) that n is 1 and each of the wavy lines represents a carbon-carbon single bond when R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.6, are each hydrogen, R.sub.5, R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are each methyl and the dashed line is a carbon-carbon single bond;(ii) n is 0 and each of the wavy lines represents no bond when R.sub.5 and R.sub.7 are each hydrogen and R.sub.6 and R.sub.8 are each methyl;(iii) R.sub.2 is methyl only when R.sub.1 is ethoxycarbonyl; and(iv) the dashed line is a carbon-carbon single bond only when R.sub.

Abstract: A fungal inoculum for bioaugmentation of soils contaminated with hazardous compounds or spawn for use in the edible mushroom industry is disclosed. A mechanically pelleted substrate that contains both structural and nutritive components forms the core of the fungal inoculum. The pelleted substrate core is coated with a hydrophilic material in which fungal propagules are dispersed. The biological potential of the fungal inocula can be enhanced by formulating the material composition of fungal inocula to meet the specific requirements of a particular fungus.

Abstract: The present invention relates to insecticidal fertilizer mixtures comprising a fertilizer component and an agonist or antagonist of the nicotinergic acetylcholine receptors of insects.

Abstract: New A83543 components, including fermentation products A83543Q, A83543R, A83543S and A83543T and N-demethyl derivatives, and salts thereof, are useful for the control of insects and mites. The pseudoaglycones are useful for the preparation of A83543 components. Methods for making the new A83543 components by culture of Saccharopolyspora spinosa NRRL 18823 are provided. Insecticidal and ectoparasiticidal compositions containing new A83543 components are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to formulations comprising silafluofen for controlling social insects, and to a process for controlling them, in which the insect populations are destroyed using acutely sublethal doses of silafluofen.

Abstract: Described are .omega.,.omega.'-?.alpha.,.omega.-alkanediylbis(alkylimino)!bis(alkanolpol yethoxylates) in which (i) the alkane group has in the range of 4 to 12 carbon atoms, (ii) the alkyl groups can be the same or different and contain up to about 24 carbon atoms each, and (iii) the number of ethyleneoxy groups in each polyethoxylate group is in the range of 2 to about 50. These compounds are effective adjuvants for use with pesticides, especially herbicides and plant growth regulants, such as glyphosate.

Abstract: A granular composition comprising a pesticidally active amount of a fungal biological control agent said agent being present in the form of blastospores.

Abstract: The present invention provides pest control formulations which comprise lignin as well as methods of protecting pest control agents from environmental degradation through the use of lignin. A solubilized lignin solution is prepared by mixing water, lignin, and a pH adjuster to form a solubilized lignin solution having a pH of between about 7 and about 12, preferably between about 8 and about 11, and most preferably between about 9 and about 10. The solubilized lignin solution is then used to prepare the pest control formulation by mixing with pest control agent and a multivalent salt and drying to form a dispersible formulation. The dispersible formulation is mixed with water to form the pest control formulation having resistance to solar degradation.

Abstract: The compounds of formula I are described ##STR1## wherein Hal is halogen, such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine;R.sub.1 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 cycloalkyl;R.sub.2 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 cycloalkyl, andR.sub.3 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl,for use in a method of controlling fleas in domestic animals, especially in dogs and cats, wherein systemic administration is preferred. The compounds of formula I are administered in an amount effective against fleas via the digestive tract or via the blood of the host animal and thus systemically to the domestic animal, especially the dog or the cat.

Abstract: There is disclosed a pesticidal composition comprising a pH-sensitive non-lignin-based polymer encapsulating both the active agent and a lignin-based UV screening agent.

Abstract: A solid pesticide composition is taught which includes a solid carrier, a pesticide and an amount of flour and/or starch to promote the dispersion of the pesticide into the wax. The solid carrier includes paraffin oil, paraffin wax and microcrystalline wax. A solid pesticide composition is provided without having to include a chemical surfactant.

Abstract: Composite polymer dispensers capable of controlled release of semiochemicals have been developed. The dispensers make use of a solid elastomer matrix reservoir which is at least partially surrounded by a permeable release rate controlling polymer membrane. The matrix materials are polyurethanes compatible with many types of semiochemicals and additives. The release rates of semiochemicals from the dispensers can be varied over a wide range by manipulation of the reservoir conditions and by selection of the type of permeable polymer membrane surrounding the device. The dispensers can have a variety of forms and can be produced by a simple process. The semiochemical devices produced by this method are useful for managing insect and other pests through attraction to traps, for population monitoring or for mass trapping. The devices may also be used to dispense anti-aggregation pheromones or repellents in addition to use for mating confusion or disruption.

Abstract: Plaster formulations of agricultural and pest control chemicals which form slow release briquets in situ.

Abstract: An insecticidal and pesticidal complex including an active ingredient combined with an element to insert and diffuse the active ingredient within a vacuum cleaner dust bag. The element is shaped or sized such that it prevents the active ingredient and/or the element from clogging the permeable wall of the dust bag when the vacuum cleaner is in use. The active ingredient mainly includes a mixture of pesticides and insecticides, a growth hormone analogue, and a neutralizing agent.

Abstract: Release of an active ingredient can be controlled and the active ingredient can be protected from the environment during storage, by distributing it throughout a matrix containing a relatively large amount of polymeric material that is soluble and swellable in aqueous alkali but less soluble and swellable at a lower pH value and which is in the form of a dried oil-in-water emulsion of the polymer or a relatively insoluble partial salt of the polymer with a volatile amine, the full salt of the polymer being relatively soluble. The composition is of particular value for the protection of detergent enzymes.

Abstract: Provided is a polymer film useful in the delivery of biological agents, as well as a method for making such a polymer film. The polymer film comprises a transparent, gelled water-soluble polymer supported by a mesh. The polymer film also contains a biological agent. The polymer film can be made by preparing an aqueous solution of a gellable water-soluble polymer and the biological agent, dipping the meshed support into the aqueous solution to create a liquid film over the support, and then gelling the polymer.

Abstract: An aqueous suspension-type microcapsule insecticide composition which is obtained by emulsifying a hydrophobic admixture of liquid pyrethroid insecticide or a pyrethroid insecticide and a high boiling point solvent, preferably an alkyl ester of phthalic acid in which the alkyl group has 8-13 carbon atoms to form particles of a suitable size in the presence of an anionic water-soluble polymeric surface active agent and polycondensating melamine-formaldehyde or a derivative thereof on the surface of the said emulsified and dispersed particles, and a process for producing the composition. This composition exhibits stable insecticidal activity over a prolonged period with noticeably reduced toxicity to aquatic life.

Abstract: Microspheres, optionally containing an ingredient to be dispensed through controlled release, are prepared by solvent evaporation of an oil-in-water emulsion formed from an organic solvent containing a polymer and a plasticizer and an aqueous solution containing one or more emulsifying agents. The microcapsules formed have a size of between about 3 and about 300 microns in diameter and are porous and spongy in structure as opposed to the hollow core, relatively solid surface structure of microspheres formed by solvent evaporation without utilizing a plasticizer. The microspheres can have a relatively high loading rate of an ingredient to be dispensed combined with a relatively low release rate and are useful for instance for agricultural chemicals, pharmaceuticals or medicines, cosmetics or fragrances.

Abstract: N-pyridyltoluidine-containing fungicidal water dispersible granule which comprises 3-chloro-N-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethyl-2-pyridyl)-.alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.- trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine as a fungicidal active component, a surfactant and a carrier, and of which a 1% water suspension is acescent.

Abstract: A rodenticidal bait in the form of agglomerated granules comprising: a cereal base comprising a ground cereal; a rodenticide; and a water-soluble film-forming binder.

Abstract: The present invention is a device for delivering pesticide to pests, comprising (a) an outer layer comprising a porous water-insoluble polymeric; (b) an inner layer in contact with the outer layer, the inner layer comprising a water-soluble feeding stimulant and a carbohydrate which is at least partially gelatinized; and (c) a toxicant which is present on or in the outer layer, the inner layer, or both. The types of pests for which the device may be used to deliver pesticide are any pests which are able to be controlled by the toxicants used in the device and that can be attracted to an object to feed and/or lay eggs, such as the apple maggot fly, the Mediterranean fruit fly, the house fly, the oriental fruit fly, the blueberry fruit fly, the olive fruit fly, the melon fruit fly, and the Mexican fruit fly as well as other flies, beetles, wasps, moths, cockroaches, and any other insect that can be lured to a device for feeding or egg laying.

Abstract: Noneffervescent pesticidal tablets containing from about 0.1 to about 30 weight percent of a pesticide, from about 0.5 to about 50 weight percent microcrystalline cellulose, from about 5 to about 50 weight percent urea, and from about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent of one or more organic carboxylic acids. The tablets may be packaged in water-soluble film.

Abstract: Methods for transporting a biologically active agent across a cellular membrane or a lipid bilayer. A first method includes the steps of:(a) providing a biologically active agent which can exist in a native conformational state, a denatured conformational state, and an intermediate conformational state which is reversible to the native state and which is conformationally between the native and denatured states;(b) exposing the biologically active agent to a complexing perturbant to reversibly transform the biologically active agent to the intermediate state and to form a transportable supramolecular complex; and(c) exposing the membrane or bilayer to the supramolecular complex, to transport the biologically active agent across the membrane or bilayer. The perturbant has a molecular weight between about 150 and about 600 daltons, and contains at least one hydrophilic moiety and at least one hydrophobic moiety.

Abstract: Rapidly disintegrating water-dispersible granular agricultural compositions comprising by weight based on the total weight of the composition (a) 0.01-80% of one or more active ingredients, (b) 0.004-60% of a base, (c) 5-95% of urea, (d) 1-30% of one or more urea modifiers and (e) optionally one or more additives selected from wetting agents, dispersants, lubricants, anti-caking agents, chemical stabilizers, and inert diluents that are formed by extrusion.

Abstract: Tabletized ionene polymers, methods for their preparation and their use in water treatment is described. The tablet contains about 5 to about 60 percent by weight of an ionene polymer, about 40 to about 95 percent by weight of a salt carrier matrix, 0 to about 10 percent by weight of a disintegration rate regulator, and 0 to about 10 percent by weight of an anticaking agent. The tablets may be made by mixing an aqueous solution of an ionene polymer with a carrier matrix to form a moist mass, drying the moist mass to form granules, reducing the granule size to form a powder, and compressing the powder into a tablet. The tablets are useful in a wide variety of water treatment applications. Accordingly, the specification describes a method for controlling the growth of microorganisms in an aqueous system. Using the method, one treats an aqueous system with an ionene polymer in an amount effective to control the growth of at least one microorganism. The ionene polymer is contained in a tablet of the invention.

Abstract: Controlled release solid forms, apparatus and method for preparing solid forms for controlled release of an active ingredient.

Abstract: Mepiquat chloride is formed from the reaction between N-methylpiperidine and chloromethane in an anhydrous liquid solvent selected from the group consisting of acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, isopropanol, acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide and methylene chloride in the absence of sodium hydroxide. Mepiquat chloride precipitates as a solid of high purity and is recovered under a substantially moisture-free atmosphere.The solid mepiquat chloride can be sealed into a water soluble pouch or into a water soluble encapsulated solid form (e.g., granule, pellet, or briquette) for convenient handling. The pouch contains powdered mepiquat chloride or the encapsulated solid is merely introduced directly into a spray tank or reservoir for application with low human exposure and no containers in contact with the mepiquat chloride that require disposal.Mepiquat chloride is used as a component of a system for growing a number of commodity plants including cotton.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of granules containing at least one active principle with a melting point above 70.degree. C. selected from the group consisting of herbicides, fungicides and insecticides comprising dissolving the active principle in an aromatic solvent or pyrrolidone, absorbing the resulting solution on a support, optionally adding water thereto and drying the resulting product to form the granules and the granules produced thereby which have a superior biological activity than a granule dispersible in water with good stability.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of microcapsule compositions, methods for using those microcapsule compositions, compositions containing those microcapsule compositions and microcapsules prepared by the process of the present invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to water-emulsifiable granules of crop protection agents composed of the pesticidal active substance in liquid or dissolved form and an at least partially water-soluble shell-forming structural material, to the use of these granules as novel, advantageous formulations of crop protection agents, and to processes for their preparation. It furthermore relates to the general use of polyvinyl alcohols as shell-forming structural materials in the preparation of water-emulsifiable granules which contain organic compounds dissolved in a high-boiling solvent or solvent mixture.

Abstract: Flowable composites are disclosed which comprise a) microcapsules comprising one or more non-aqueous pesticidally active compositions enclosed in an inert water-soluble wall material; b) a non-aqueous liquid in an amount sufficient to maintain the composite flowable; the non-aqueous pesticidally active composition and the non-aqueous liquid being reactive with each other and the inert water-soluble wall material being insoluble in and impermeable to the non-aqueous liquid and the pesticidally active composition. Also disclosed are composites in which the pesticidally active compositions are internally-reactive in the presence of a non-aqueous liquid or solvent. Processes for production of the composites and their utilization as pesticides are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and compositions, which rely upon borax toxicants, to control Tephritidae fruit fly populations below economic thresholds are disclosed. More particularly, methods and compositions which utilize borax toxicants are disclosed which cause the Tephritidae fruit flies to die prematurely or which interfere with the female Tephritidae fruit flies to produce eggs for a period of about seven days. A preferred borax toxicant is borax wherein an effective amount in the compositions to accomplish the above is between at least about 0.01M and about 0.12M or more. A lethal amount of borax that should be consumed by the fruit flies in about a 24 hour period is believed to be between at least about 5 mM and about 10 mM or more, whereas the amount of borax that should be consumed by the female fruit flies within about a 24 hour period to prevent the female fruit flies from producing eggs for about seven days or longer is believed to be at least about 2.5 mM and 5 mM or more.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and apparatus for controlling termites. The invention provides a more attractive and durable termite bait by providing a thin flat block of wood with grooves and impregnating the surface of the wood with a slow acting toxicant.

Abstract: A biocidal powder for sustained release of chlorine dioxide includes particles containing chlorite anions, and a hydrophobic core having the particles on a surface thereof, the hydrophobic core containing an acid releasing agent. The particles and the hydrophobic core are substantially free of water, and the particles are capable of releasing chlorine dioxide upon hydrolysis of the acid releasing agent.