Abstract: An absorbent layer is disclosed which is capable of absorbing a fluid and which maintains the superabsorbent particles, powder or fibers in a predetermined position. The absorbent layer is constructed of a bulky, three-dimensional fabric which has a liquid adhesive applied thereto in a non-continuous fashion. A superabsorbent is then positioned on the liquid adhesive. The absorbent layer can be secured to a liquid-impermeable outer cover to form a disposable absorbent article. A method of forming the absorbent layer is also disclosed. Furthermore, a method of forming a disposable absorbent article using the absorbent layer is described.

Abstract: A process for coating a substrate comprising: (a) depositing a primer-surfacer coating composition onto at least a portion of the substrate; (b) curing at least a portion of the primer-surfacer coating composition; (c) depositing a hiding coating composition onto a least a portion of the primer-surfacer coating composition; and (d) depositing a color-imparting non-hiding coating composition onto at least a portion of the hiding coating composition, wherein the second basecoat comprises a nanoparticulate, and wherein a portion of the hiding coating composition is not cured prior to the deposition of the color-imparting non-hiding coating composition; (e) optionally, dehydrating at least a portion of the hiding coating composition and the color-imparting non-hiding coating composition; and (f) curing at least a portion of the first base coat and the second basecoat simultaneously.

Abstract: A method of painting a substrate coated with an electrocoat, wherein the electrocoat includes an average surface roughness equal to or greater than 3 microns, includes applying a two-component sealer onto the electrocoat to form a film having a thickness of from 5 microns to 20 microns. The two-component sealer is partially cured by application of heat to a gel content of from 10 to 50 wt. %. Thereafter, a topcoat, typically including a basecoat and a clearcoat, is applied onto the two-component sealer. Both the two-component sealer and the topcoat are completely cured by application of heat.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a magnet patch tape to facilitate blood circulation in a restricted area of a human body is provided. The patch tape shows a number of stripes of anisotropic magnet field with 2 to 5 mm width and spaced 1 to 3 mm apart from each other when viewed through a magnetic field viewer.

Abstract: Pipe cladding is based upon a fiber-reinforced brittle matrix composite material. The coating is isotropic, demonstrating pseudo-strain hardening behavior in uniaxial tension, and damage tolerance by design, not relying on stratified layers of reinforcing mesh embedded within concrete or other brittle cementitious matrices for impact resistance, fracture toughness, or crack width control. The fiber reinforced brittle matrix composite cladding protects both the pipe and inner thin, anti-corrosion layer (if present) from impact or abrasion damage while permitting bending of coated and clad pipe. The finished composite clad can be in a simple circular form alone the pipe or in some complex form providing an integrated housing for electrical or optical fiber cables, or optical sensing sensors for continuous or intermittent sensing of pipeline leakage or failure.

Abstract: Thick film magnetic/insulating nanocomposite materials, with significantly reduced core loss, and their manufacture are described. The insulator coated magnetic nanocomposite comprises one or more magnetic components, and an insulating component. The magnetic component comprises nanometer scale particles (about 1 to about 100 nanometers) coated by a thin-layered insulating phase. While the intergrain interaction between the immediate neighboring magnetic nanoparticles separated by the insulating phase provides the desired soft magnetic properties, the insulating material provides high resistivity, which reduces eddy current loss.

Abstract: The present invention thus provides an improved method for coating turbine engine components. The method utilizes a cold high velocity gas spray technique to coat turbine blades, compressor blades, impellers, blisks, and other turbine engine components. These methods can be used to coat a variety of surfaces thereon, thus improving the overall durability, reliability and performance of the turbine engine itself. The method includes the deposition of powders of alloys of nickel and aluminum wherein the powders are formed so as to have an amorphous microstructure. Layers of the alloys may be deposited and built up by cold high velocity gas spraying. The coated items displayed improved characteristics such as hardness, strength, and corrosion resistance.

Abstract: A permanent, roughened or textured surface is applied to parts molded from polyolefins, particularly from polyethylene by applying to the surface of the part a coating mixture of a tackifier resin and polyolefin particles in a liquid carrier and incorporating a granular or particulate matter in the coating, either by application to the coating or by admixing the granular or particulate matter into the coating mixture. The coated surface is heated to the melt temperature of the polyolefin surface for a short time, sufficient to gel the polyolefin particles of the coating into the surface of the part, but insufficient to cause any thermal distortion of the part.

Abstract: The present invention provides an anti-adhesion mechanism and a method of producing it and more particularly, it provides an anti-adhesion mechanism comprising a structure body, a resin binder layer comprising a resin binder coated on all or part of the surface of the structure body and a bead layer comprising a plurality of beads bond to the upper side of the coated resin binder layer and being salient outside, and a method of producing an anti-adhesion mechanism comprising coating a resin binder on the surface to be coated, spraying beads on the upper portion of the resin binder before the coated resin binder is hardened and hardening them to form bead protrusions.

Abstract: A low cost and simple method for preparation of diffusion sheets is disclosed. The diffusion sheet is made from low-cost inorganic nano-scale material by an energy-saving wet coating process. Moreover, the diffusion sheet manufactured by the present invention also has feature of abrasion and scratch resistance due to use of curable acrylic binder.

Abstract: An artificial turf structure, in particular for sports fields, consists of a synthetic mat, having a substrate from which grass-resembling filaments project, and a filling layer formed by an infill material arranged between the filaments; the infill material forming the filling layer comprises a coconut-based vegetable material, in particular coco fibre and/or coco peat or other similar vegetable material in fibrous, ground and/or shredded form.

Abstract: A SMC sheet includes: a sheet material body made of a resin compound containing uncured thermosetting resin; and a fiber sheet embedded as an intermediate layer in the sheet material body and impregnated with the thermosetting resin of the sheet material body. Short fiber is distributed on at least one side of the fiber sheet in the sheet material body.

Abstract: A process for preparing nanoparticle coated surfaces including the steps of electrostatically coating surfaces with polyelectrolyte by exposing the surface to a solution or suspension of polyelectrolyte, removing excess non-bound polyelectrolyte, then further coating the particles with a multi-layer of charged nanoparticles by exposing the polyelectrolyte-coated surface to a fluid dispersion including the charged nanoparticles. The process steps can optionally be repeated thereby adding further layers of polyelectrolyte followed by nanoparticles as many times as desired to produce a second and subsequent layers. The polyelectrolyte has an opposite surface charge to the charged nanoparticles and a molecular weight at the ionic strength of the fluid that is effective so that the first, second, and subsequent layers independently comprise a multiplicity of nanoparticle layers that are thicker than monolayers.

Abstract: A process is presented which produces at least one block of dense material constituted by hard particles dispersed in a binder phase, it being possible for the dense material to be enriched locally with binder phase by imbibition. The process includes bringing at least one imbibition area of a surface of the block, preferably coated with a coating material, into contact with an imbibiting material which locally enriches the block with binder phase. The block in contact with the imbibiting material is then subjected to a suitable thermal cycle constituted by heating, temperature maintenance and cooling. This serves to bring some or all of the imbibiting material and the binder phase of the block into the liquid state in such a manner that the enrichment with binder phase takes place solely through the imbibition area. The block is used in connection with the building of a drill bit or tool.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a chemical vapor deposition method of depositing layers of materials to provide super-hydrophilic surface properties, or super-hydrophobic surface properties, or combinations of such properties at various locations on a given surface. The invention also relates to electronic applications which make use of super-hydrophobic surface properties, and to biological applications which make use of super-hydrophilic surface properties.

Abstract: A fuel vapor adsorption filter for mounting within an intake air channel connected to an engine extends across the intake air channel in order to adsorb fuel vapor within the intake air channel when the engine has been stopped. The filter includes an adsorbing agent for adsorbing the fuel vapor. A holding layer is formed by a first non-woven fabric and serves to contain and hold the adsorbing agent. The first non-woven fabric is formed of thermoplastic resin fibers. A cover layer is made of a second non-woven fabric and serves to cover at least one side of the holding layer opposing the downstream side of the intake air channel. The second non-woven fabric is formed of thermoplastic resin fibers. The resin fibers forming the second non-woven fabric of the cover layer have an average diameter between 100 ?m and 330 ?m.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of forming a high-temperature corrosion-resistant film, which comprises placing a container containing a film-forming fine powder and a target member capable of being heated by an electric current heating process, in an atmosphere-controllable treatment chamber, and floating the fine powder and subjecting the target member to the electric current heating process to allow vapor of the fine powder generated by the heating to be diffused into the target member from a surface thereof so as to form a diffusion film layer, and allow the floated fine powder to be attached onto the surface so as to form a fine-powder film layer on the diffusion film layer. The target member may be masked to form the film only in a non-masked region of the target member. Alternatively, a specific region of the target member may be cooled at a temperature precluding the film formation to prevent the film from being formed in the specific region.

Abstract: Disclosed is a porous abradable coating including at least one abradable layer applicable to a substrate, said at least one abradable layer comprising coarsely cut powder pieces.

Abstract: The present invention provides an emissive material with excellent electron emission characteristics. In particular, the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an emissive material consisting of oriented graphite, having a step of obtaining an oriented graphite comprising a second component and having pores on the inside by heat treating a polymer film in the presence of a second, non-carbon component.

Abstract: A superhydrophilic coating on a substrate can be antireflective and antifogging. The coating can remain antireflective and antifogging for extended periods. The coating can include oppositely charge inorganic nanoparticles, and can be substantially free of an organic polymer. The coating can be made mechanically robust by a hydrothermal calcination.

Abstract: The present invention is a gas turbine engine turbine blade comprising an airfoil section having at least an exterior surface, a platform section having an exterior surface, an under platform section having an exterior surface, and a dovetail section having an exterior surface. The blade further comprises a corrosion resistant coating on a surface of a turbine blade section selected from the group consisting of the exterior surface of the under platform section, the exterior surface of the dovetail section, and combinations thereof, the corrosion resistant coating comprising a particulate corrosion resistant component comprising from about 5 weight percent to about 100 weight percent corrosion resistant non-alumina particulates having a CTE greater than that of alumina particulates and balance alumina particulates, and a binder component. The present invention also includes methods for making such a gas turbine engine blade.

Abstract: A synthetic grass assembly for installation on a supporting soil substrate includes a pile fabric with a flexible sheet backing and rows of upstanding synthetic ribbons representing grass blades, extending upwardly from an upper surface of the backing. An infill layer of two distinct graded courses of particulate material is disposed interstitially between the upstanding ribbons upon the upper surface of the backing and of a depth less than the length of the ribbons. A bottom course of intermixed hard sand and resilient rubber granules with substantially identical particle size distribution characteristics is installed upon the backing and a top course exclusively of resilient rubber granules is placed upon the bottom course.

Abstract: A roofing or siding system having an improved average resulting reflectivity. The roofing and/or siding system is at least partially coated with a plurality of granules. At least one layer of paint is applied to the roofing and/or siding system to increase the resulting reflectivity of the roofing and/or siding system.

Abstract: Planar ceramic membrane assembly comprising a dense layer of mixed-conducting multi-component metal oxide material, wherein the dense layer has a first side and a second side, a porous layer of mixed-conducting multi-component metal oxide material in contact with the first side of the dense layer, and a ceramic channeled support layer in contact with the second side of the dense layer.

Abstract: A coating for support beams in buildings to protect their structural integrity in case of high heat events, for roofs and the like to inexpensively provide protection from ultraviolet light, for wood or steel substrates to inexpensively provide flame or chemical resistance respectively, and for protection of various other building substrates. The coating comprises an adhesive and a recycled ceramic powder and may also comprise a recycled granular ceramic material. An additive to sealants, caulking, and other construction materials to inexpensively provide improved fire resistance and insulation and other enhanced properties. The additive comprises a recycled ceramic powder and may also comprise a recycled granular ceramic material.

Abstract: A coated metal substrate useful for carrying an exhaust emission treatment catalyst such as a three-way conversion catalyst for use with small engine platforms. The coated metal substrate comprises a metal such as a stainless steel, a carbon steel, a FeCr alloy, HASTELLOY® and the like. The coating on the metal substrate comprises an alumina silicate having alumina particles impregnated therein. The coating is applied using a liquid dispersion containing an aluminum silicate and the alumina particles are dispersed into the aluminum silicate coating while the coating is still wet. The coated metal substrate is then calcined. Thereafter, a washcoat containing an engine exhaust treatment catalyst may be applied to the surface of the coated metal substrate.

Abstract: A surface covering is provided, comprising a substrate with a flocking layer adhered to the substrate by an adhesive. The substrate is formed at least partially from granulated recycled rubber and a binding agent. In an exemplary embodiment, a design is applied to the flocking layer. A method of manufacturing the surface covering comprises the steps of producing a substrate formed at least partially from granulated recycled rubber and a binding agent, flocking the substrate with fibers of a selected base color to form a base covering, printing a transfer paper with a design and transferring the design from the transfer paper to fibers of the base covering.

Abstract: To improve tensile strength without impairing flexibility and adhesion to concrete, and to form a thick coating in a surface layer part for preventing a basis material from being exposed by damage to the coating, a method of forming double coatings on a prestressing strand includes a primary painting process after a pre-treatment process, in which a resin coating is formed only at the surface layer, a secondary painting process in which respectively individual state resin coating is formed on an outer peripheral face of each of the core wire and surrounding wires under a loosened and separated state, thereby forming a double coating for each surrounding wire, and a finishing process of tightening and retwisting the surrounding wires about the core wire to an original state. The obtained prestressing strand has the double coating portions only at the surface layer and sufficient flexibility and adhesion to concrete.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of applying a particulate material to a substrate includes applying adhesive to the substrate and passing the substrate through a chamber in which a particulate material is suspended in a fluid in order to adhere the particulate material to the substrate.

Abstract: A high refractive index layer of a cured first coating composition comprising (A) metal oxide fine particles selected from among titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, cerium oxide, iron oxide, tin oxide, and compound oxides thereof and (B) a compound having an acrylic, methacrylic, vinyl or styryl group, and a low refractive index layer of a cured second coating composition comprising (D) voided silica-base inorganic oxide fine particles and (C) a compound having at least two epoxy and/or oxetane groups are successively stacked on a substrate to form an antireflection film.

Abstract: A device 10 for spraying dry flakes 12 including: an enclosure 22 including a lower portion 26 for holding a supply 12A of dry flakes 12 and an upper portion 27; a gas flow conduit 50 including: a receiving portion 52 adapted for connection to a pressurized gas source, and a nozzle 60; a flake conduit 40 connecting enclosure 22 with nozzle 60; and air holes 36 in enclosure 22. Flake conduit 40 includes a valve 44. A flow valve 76, operable by the user, regulates the flow of pressurized gas from a pressurized gas source through gas flow conduit 50. Receiving portion 52 includes pressure regulating valve 77 for regulating the pressure of gas from the pressurized gas source at a given gas flow rate and a pressure indicator 78 for indicating pressure of gas flowing through receiving portion 50.

Abstract: The invention relates to devices for the treatment of heart disease and particularly to endo-arterial prostheses, which are commonly called stents. More particularly, the invention relates to methods of manufacturing and coating stents utilizing thermal spray processing (TSP). In one aspect the invention involves the use of TSP for the manufacture of fine grained tubing for subsequent use as a stent or other tubular or ring-based implant, or the manufacture of intermediate sized tubing that may then be drawn to final size tubing and for the coating of a stent. An average grain size of less than 64 microns is achieved by the invention resulting in a stent having an annular wall average thickness of about eight or more grains.

Abstract: A process for preparing copolymer dispersions that includes subjecting A) one or more vinyl monomer mixtures containing a) OH-free (meth)acrylic esters and/or vinylaromatics, b) hydroxy-functional vinyl monomers and/or hydroxy-functional (meth)acrylic esters, c) ionic and/or potentially ionic monomers capable of free-radical copolymerization, and d)optionally further monomers, other than the compounds of components a)–c), capable of free-radical copolymerization; to free-radical polymerization in the presence of e) compounds according to formula (I) where R1 is an aliphatic, araliphatic or aromatic radical having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, R2 is H or CH3, R3, R4 are identical or different aliphatc radicals having 1 to 7 carbon atoms and n is 1 to 4; and subsequently dispersing the resultant copolymer B) before or after addition of a neutralizing agent C) in water. The resulting dispersions can be used to coat substrates.

Abstract: A mold-release coating system includes a barrier coating of a substantially liquid wax material. The wax material is deposited onto the mold surface. The wax material includes about 7 to about 10 weight percent solids. The wax material is permitted to substantially dry after deposition onto the mold surface. The mold-release coating system also includes a release powder deposited onto the barrier coating after the wax material has been permitted to substantially dry after deposition onto the mold surface.

Abstract: A method for depositing granules (48) onto a substrate (14) comprises providing a hopper (36) for granules with a discharge slot (46), moving a gate (50) across the slot to open and close the slot so that when the slot is open granules fall from the hopper and when the slot is closed granules are prevented from falling from the hopper, and detecting the speed of the substrate and controlling the extent of opening of the slot by the gate to meter the granules falling from the hopper in response to the speed of the substrate.

Abstract: Thermal spray processing and cold spray processing are utilized to manufacture porous starting materials (such as tube stock, wire and substrate sheets) from biocompatible metals, metal alloys, ceramics and polymers that may be further processed into porous medical devices, such as stents. The spray processes are also used to form porous coatings on consolidated biocompatible medical devices. The porous substrates and coatings may be used as a reservoir to hold a drug or therapeutic agent for elution in the body. The spray-formed porous substrates and coatings may be functionally graded to allow direct control of drug elution without an additional polymer topcoat. The spray processes are also used to apply the drug or agent to the porous substrate or coating when drug or agent is robust enough to withstand the temperatures and velocities of the spray process with minimal degradation.

Abstract: The invention provides processes for coating the surface of substrates such as a sheet, film, foam, fiber, etc., with a curable liquid resin or solution of curable resin, then in one embodiment, stably attaching a superabsorbent polymeric powder to such resin, and then curing the resin to form a coated superabsorbent product. Such substrates may include polymeric materials. Other process embodiments utilizing curable and thermoplastic resinous powders may be used instead of curable liquid resins and resulting products are included in the invention. The coated product has reduced particle agglomeration and particle loss due to the curing or melting steps. The thin, superabsorbent powder adhered, films may be used as an absorbent core for a wide variety of absorbent products. The product can be interposed between sheets to form disposable absorbent products such as diapers, bandages, water and nutrient retention elements, erosion control devices and elements thereof, etc.

Abstract: In order to make a process available for the production of a multi-layer electrode or electrode assembly, with which an electrode or electrode assembly optimized for the respective use may be produced in a simple and, in particular, inexpensive manner it is suggested that a first layer be rolled onto a carrier and at least one additional function layer be produced by spraying on a powder.

Abstract: A sample collection substrate of aerogel and/or xerogel materials bound to a support structure is used as a solid phase microextraction (SPME) device. The xerogels and aerogels may be organic or inorganic and doped with metals or other compounds to target specific chemical analytes. The support structure is typically formed of a glass fiber or a metal wire (stainless steel or kovar). The devices are made by applying gel solution to the support structures and drying the solution to form aerogel or xerogel. Aerogel particles may be attached to the wet layer before drying to increase sample collection surface area. These devices are robust, stable in fields of high radiation, and highly effective at collecting gas and liquid samples while maintaining superior mechanical and thermal stability during routine use. Aerogel SPME devices are advantageous for use in GC/MS analyses due to their lack of interfering background and tolerance of GC thermal cycling.

Abstract: A method of making a microarray comprising the steps of: providing a support; coating on the support a receiving layer to receive microspheres, the receiving layer being capable of undergoing sol/gel transition; coating on the receiving layer a dispersion of microspheres in a carrier fluid, wherein the carrier fluid contains at least one crosslinking agent and is capable of solvating the receiving layer; allowing the microspheres to partially submerge into the receiving layer; creating conditions to induce sol/gel transition in the receiving layer, thus immobilizing the microspheres; evaporating off the carrier fluid; and allowing crosslinking reaction between the receiving layer and the crosslinker in the carrier fluid.

Abstract: A thick-film sheet member producing method including: (a) a support-body preparing step of preparing a support body having a film formation surface provided by a particle layer constituted by high-melting-point particles which are held together with a resin and which have a melting point higher than a predetermined temperature; (b) a paste-film forming step of forming a paste film on the film formation surface, by applying a paste onto the film formation surface; and (c) a firing step of subjecting the support body on which the paste film has been formed, to a heat treatment effected at the predetermined temperature, so as to burn the resin included in the particle layer, whereby the high-melting-point particles become unbound from each other in absence of the resin that has been burned. The paste film is sintered in the firing step, whereby a thick film is formed of the sintered paste film.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and system for implanting a piece of wood or wood composite to improve the electrostatic attraction thereupon. A method is provided for treating a lignocellulosic substrate such as medium density fiberboard (MDF). The method includes implanting a conductive material into the lignocellulosic substrate, pre-heating the implanted lignocellulosic substrate, coating the pre-heated implanted lignocellulosic substrate with a powder solution, and curing the powder coated substrate.

Abstract: A method for forming a composite structure is disclosed. The method includes four steps. Step one calls for applying a primer (104) to a surface (102) of a tool (100). Step two requires applying a coating (106) to primer (104). Step three calls for curing primer (104) and coating (106). The last step calls for forming the composite structure on tool (100). More specifically, primer (104) may be a powdered primer, and coating (106) may be a powdered fluorinated organic compound.

Abstract: A process for coating a substrate is provided which includes the following steps: (a) applying a waterborne base coat composition to a surface of the substrate; (b) applying infrared radiation at a power density of 1.5–30.0 kW/m2 and a first air stream simultaneously to the base coat composition such that a pre-dried base coat is formed upon the surface of the substrate; and (c) applying a second air stream in the absence of infrared radiation to the base coat composition such that a dried base coat is formed upon the surface of the substrate. Various embodiments of the invention are disclosed including continuous, batch, and semi-batch processes, which may include additional process steps, such as subsequent application of a topcoat. The process may be used to coat a variety of metal and polymeric substrates, for example, those associated with the body of a motor vehicle.

Abstract: The invention relates woven and knit materials with an incorporated particulate solid and to a process for producing woven materials incorporated with a particulate solid. The process comprises: entraining a particulate solid in a gaseous carrier; disposing one face of a woven material in the path of a stream of said gaseous carrier and entrained particulate solid; maintaining a pressure drop across the woven material from said one face to the other face of said material, thereby to obtain a woven material with at least some of the entrained particulate solid in the gaseous carrier; and fixing the incorporated particulate solid.

Abstract: A process for the manufacturing of a decorative surface element, which element comprises a base layer and a decorative upper surface. A wetting repellent lacquer is printed in a predetermined pattern on the decorative upper surface. The wetting repellent lacquer covers only parts of the decorative upper surface. A wear layer of a UV or electron beam curing lacquer is then applied on top of the decorative upper surface which UV or electron beam curing lacquer is repelled from the parts of the surface being covered by the wetting repellent lacquer whereby a surface structure is achieved.

Abstract: A ceramic tile includes a ceramic core material and an oxide ceramic matrix composite (CMC), where the ceramic core material has at least one surface covered by the oxide CMC. The oxide CMC includes a ceramic fiber, with a cured metal oxide ceramic material impregnating the ceramic fiber. An exemplary embodiment of the ceramic tile provided as part of the invention further includes a tough low temperature cure coating (TLTC) which infiltrates the ceramic core surface before it is covered by the oxide CMC. The TLTC includes a cured ceramic powder together with a binder. The metal oxide ceramic material impregnating the ceramic fiber, and the TLTC are co-cured, meaning that neither is cured when the CMC is wrapped around a surface of the TLTC-infiltrated ceramic core, and a curing step is performed on both uncured ceramic materials at the same time.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for preparing aluminum and aluminum alloy surfaces in heat exchangers for brazing by depositing thereon a kinetic sprayed brazing composition. The process simultaneously deposits monolith or composite coatings that can include all braze materials and corrosion protection materials used in the brazing of aluminum fins to plates and tubes in a single stage.

Abstract: A process for producing insulations for electrical conductors by powder coating, which results in aging which is improved compared to glass-mica or casting-resin insulation, and a powder which is suitable for such a process. The powder is applied a number of times in succession, in the form of individual layers which follow one another, until a layer thickness of ?10 mm is reached, and each of the individual layers undergoes intermediate heat curing before the next individual layer is applied. The intermediate curing of each individual layer uses a curing time which corresponds to 2-10 times the gel time of the powder used. Finally, the entire insulation undergoes final curing. The result of an electrical life test carried out on various specimens insulated with epoxy-resin powder which contains fine filler.

Abstract: A method of coating highly reflective granules on an adhering material of a roofing or siding material to form a roofing or siding material having an average resulting reflectivity on an upper surface of at least about 45%. The method includes the selecting of highly reflective granules and applying the highly reflective granules on an adhering material until over about 95% of a top surface of the adhering material is covered by the granules.