Abstract: In a process, the humidity of at least the exhaust air is measured and used for the regulation of the product humidity of water activity during a treatment process. Therefore, it is possible to directly register the humidity taken on by the inlet air or charged onto it, and to draw a conclusion about the humidity content of the product. To register the humidity value, a measuring device with moisture testers in the inlet air channel and in the exhaust air channel is provided. Especially the moisture tester for the exhaust air is constructed as a bypass flow moisture tester in an intrinsically safe manner, so that it can be used even under ex-conditions. During drying procedures, the possible measuring of the humidity charge of the exhaust air from the drying process, the course can be exactly controlled. The moisture testers can be constructed as dew point testers, especially with capacitive measuring probes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for coating particulate granules is disclosed. The method is practiced by providing a fluidized charge of granules suspended in a flow of a drying gas within a rotating perforated coating pan. A portion of the fluidized granules is drawn along the pan's surface to a position above the fluidized charge of granules and allowed to cascade back into the fluidized charge. Flow of the drying gas is concentrated in the vicinity of the granules movement, and a coating material is dispensed onto the moving granules. The apparatus disclosed comprises a rotating perforated pan having gas inlet and exhaust plenums in contact with the rotating pan's exterior. The inlet plenum introduces a stream of drying gas to fluidize and suspend the agitated granules; the outlet plenum exhausts the drying gas and thereby draws granules along the pan's inner surface to the outlet plenum's position.

Abstract: A process for preparing coated microparticles, which process comprises preparing a solvent solution of an active ingredient to be encapsulated and a film-forming polymer, removing the solvent to provide a dry, composite, uniform admixture of the active ingredient and the polymer material, reducing the composite admixture to a defined smaller particle size distribution, coating the reduced composite core particles in a fluidized bed, with a uniform defined wall thickness of the same or substantially the same film-forming polymer material to provide composite core coated microparticles.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing coated catalysts, inter alia, for gas phase oxidations in organic chemistry, comprised of an inert support and a coating of catalyst material enclosing this support, wherein a suspension of the starting material for the coating is sprayed onto an agitated bed of the support, while the suspending medium is being partially removed by a gas stream, and the raw material is then dried and heat-treated. For this purpose, the support bed is mechanically agitated and loosened by a gas stream blown in from below. The catalyst precursor containing a binder and, if appropriate, a pore-former is sprayed in an increasing amount from above onto the bed, the ratio between suspending medium sprayed on and drawn off remaining about constant. The thermal expansion coefficient of the precursor as a dry powder must not deviate by more than 15% from that of the support.

Abstract: Preparation of granules by making solid nuclei grow in a fluidized bed, by causing a liquid material to solidify thereon, the liquid material being introduced into the bed from the bottom upwards with the aid of a feeding device provided with a central channel through which the liquid material is supplied and a channel concentric therewith through which a powerful gas stream is supplied, which creates a rarefied zone in the bed above the feeding device, wherein the liquid material is made to exit from the central channel into the rarefied zone as a virtually closed, conical film, nuclei from the bed are carried through the film with the aid of the powerful gas stream and next, during transport of the so moistened nuclei through the rarefied zone, the liquid material taken up by the nuclei is allowed to solidify. By this process only a small amount of high-energetic gas is required, while very little agglomeration and dust formation occurs.

Abstract: The invention relates to a general method of producing progressively burning deterrent-coated powder, more particularly propellant powder for weapons having barrels. According to the method a film-forming, preferably polymerizable deterrent substance is fed to the powder loosely or dispersed in a liquid phase which is thereafter driven off. The invention also relates to a method of giving a deterrent coating to granular powder or powder cut up in to short pieces (so-called tubular powder) in a fluidized bed. Finally, the invention relates to a special deterrent substance in the form of a water-dispersable polyurethane built up on an aliphatic isocyanate and a caprolacton polyester.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a method for suppressing dust comprising contacting the material being treated with an aqueous emulsion of a methacrylate polymer or a composition comprising a hydrophobic liquid and a methacrylate polymer. These emulsions and compositions may further comprise a wetting/penetrating surfactant.

Abstract: Fluidized bed apparatus for use in applying a coating, having a relatively lesser density to particles, having relatively greater densities, by causing passage of a gaseous atmosphere through a bed of the particles. The apparatus includes an enclosure for holding and heating a bed of the particles. A valve network for causing the flow of the gaseous atmosphere carrying a material for forming the coating upward though the bed of particles to fluidize the particles, is provided. The apparatus further includes a conveyor for adding seed particles to the bed and a spillover for removing particles from the bed upon its achieving a predetermined level to limit the height of the bed. The apparatus also has a selectively operable sampler for removing sample of the contents of the bed at a level below the predetermined maximum level.

Abstract: A process for encapsulating materials which are difficult to fluidize in a fluidized bed reactor comprising the steps of (1) compacting said materials into a plurality of flat chips; (2) grinding said chips into particles having a small particle size; (3) forming a fluid bed of the particles of step (2) in a fluid bed spray reactor; (4) applying a spray of a melted or molten hydrogenated liquid or wax to the surface of said particles in said reactor, encapsulating said particles; withdrawing said encapsulating material from said reactor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for applying a continuous protective coating to the surface of individual phosphor particles. The method involves chemical vapor deposition of the protective coating on individual particles of a phosphor powder while the phosphor particles are suspended in a fluidized bed. During the method, the fluidized particles are exposed to the vaporized coating precursor material at a first temperature, which is less than the decomposition temperature of the precursor material, and the precursor material is reacted to form the desired coating material at a second temperature, which is greater than or equal to the temperature at which the precursor material reacts to form the coating material.

Abstract: A process for preparing coated microparticles, which process comprises preparing a solvent solution of an active ingredient to be encapsulated and a film-forming polymer, removing the solvent to provide a dry, composite, uniform admixture of the active ingredient and the polymer material, reducing the composite admixture to a defined smaller particle size distribution, coating the reduced composite core particles in a fluidized bed, with a uniform defined wall thickness of the same or substantially the same film-forming polymer material to provide composite core coated microparticles.

Abstract: A chemical vapor deposition process for making glass-surfaced microcarriers, and the resulting product, in which hollow spherical micro-sized shells of glass or ceramic composition are placed within a fluidized bed coater, and separate preheated reaction gasses are directed into the coater bed. The shell precursors have a preferred starting density of not more than the predetermined desired final density in the range of 1.01 to 1.2 g/cc, and have a diameter in the range of 5 to 500 .mu.m, preferably 105 to 150 .mu.m. The thickness of the silicate glass coating is preferably in the range of 11 to 16 .mu.m. An alternative embodiment employs solid precursor beads of polyphenylene oxide.

Abstract: A method for treating fumed silica in a continuous manner is provided by effecting contact between the fumed silica, while in a fluidized state, with a methyl substituted chlorosilane, hydrochloric acid and a surfactant.

Abstract: Fluidized bed apparatus for use in applying a coating, having a relatively lesser density, to particles, having relatively greater densities by causing passage of a gaseous atmosphere through a bed of the particles. The apparatus includes an enclosure holding a bed of the particles and means for causing flowing of the gaseous atmosphere carrying a material for forming the coating through the bed of particles to be fluidized. The apparatus further includes means for adding seed particles to the bed and weir tube means removing coated particles from the bed when the contents of the bed achieves a predetermined level. Finally, the apparatus includes discharge means receiving the coated particles from the tube means and conveying them to a collection location remote from the enclosure.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for continuously coating discrete particles in a turning fluidized bed formed in a cylindrical coating vessel with a rotary disk at the bottom thereof by blowing hot air into the vessel through air blow holes located between the circumference of the disk and cylindrical side wall of the vessel while spraying a coating material into contact with the particles in the turning fluidized bed, characterized by introducing a particulate raw material and a coating material into the turning fluidized bed at constant feed rates; and discharging coated particles at the same rate as the feed rate of the particulate raw material through a particle discharge port located at such a height as to guarantee an average residence time corresponding to a desired coating rate under given operating conditions including the feed rate of the raw material, the rotational speed of the disk and the feed rate of hot air.

Abstract: Anti-caking agent is thoroughly distributed upon particulate hygroscopic materials, e.g., particulate inorganic salts such as potassium chloride and sodium chloride, by contacting an agitated stream of the particulate material with an aqueous dispersion of anticaking agent and then passing the treated material through a fluid bed of the treated particulate material. The pretreated particulate hygroscopic material is typically warm, i.e., has a temperature above 25.degree. C., and is cooled in the fluid bed which is fluidized with dehumidified, fluidizing gas having a temperature lower than the treated particulate hygroscopic material entering the bed. Cooled particulate hygroscopic material having a coating of anticaking agent distributed substantially uniformly over the surface of the particles and having a water content substantially the same as the pretreated warm particulate material is removed from the fluid bed.

Abstract: A device for use in fluidized bed techniques, particularly for coating tablets or the like, which comprises a container for use as a processing zone for the material to be processed, a sensor device or the like for monitoring the upper end area of the processing zone, and apparatus for moving the material through the processing zone.

Abstract: A fluidized bed apparatus and method are disclosed for coating, granulating and/or drying particles. The particles are circulated within a chamber by means of circumferential air flow. A first gas stream moves upwardly through the chamber. A second gas stream enters the chamber through openings in the side wall of the chamber. The openings extend generally horizontally and tangential to the side wall so that the second gas is directed circumferentially in the chamber for three-dimensional rotation and circulation of the particles.

Abstract: Bleaching compositions consisting of an N-halo compound with a coating comprising a silicate bound, hydrated, soluble inorganic salt and an alkali metal salt of boric acid. The compositions exhibit decreased localized dye attack on colored fabrics and decreased fabric attack and are useful in fabric laundering either alone or when formulated with a laundry detergent.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing coated catalysts, inter alia, for gas phase oxidations in organic chemistry, comprised of an inert support and a coating of catalyst material enclosing this support, wherein a suspension of the starting material for the coating is sprayed onto an agitated bed of the support, while the suspending medium is being partially removed by a gas stream, and the raw material is then dried and heat-treated. For this purpose, the support bed is mechanically agitated and loosened by a gas stream blown in from below. The catalyst precursor containing a binder and, if appropriate, a pore-former is sprayed in an increasing amount from above onto the bed, the ratio between suspending medium sprayed on and drawn off remaining about constant. The thermal expansion coefficient of the precursor as a dry powder must not deviate by more than 15% from that of the support.

Abstract: A process for pulverizing substances which are sensitive to oxidation, in particular oily substances, by dispersing oil-soluble substances, e.g. vitamins, carotinoids, pharmaceutically active compounds or aromas, in an aqueous solution of a film-forming colloid, which constitutes the continuous phase of the dispersion, with the addition of one or more substances from the group comprising the mono-, di- and polysaccharides, atomizing the dispersion, in a spray tower, in the presence of a spraying assistant and collecting the resulting particles in a fluidized bed, wherein, as the spraying auxiliary, a hydrophobic silica or a metal salt of a higher fatty acid is introduced above the fluidized bed and distributed uniformly in the spraying space, at a temperature at which the colloid of the atomized particles has not yet solidified, and the assistant-laden particles, colloid material of which essentially has not yet gelatinized, is collected in a fluidized bed, and dried therein in a conventional manner.

Abstract: A thermal energy storage composite pellet-shaped product of about 1/8 inch to 1 inch in size, formed of an outer seamless shell member which defines a cavity that permanently encases a phase-change composition, the composition being present in a quantity such that the total volume of the composition, whether in its solid form, liquid form, or both forms as in its transition state, never exceeds the volume of the cavity; and a process for making the product which includes using the phase-change composition in a compacted powder form as cast about which the shell member is formed by roll-coating steps.

Abstract: Pyrogenically produced silica after separation of the hydrogen halide is mixed with nitrogen and conveyed into a cyclone. After separation of the gases, which are returned into the cooling stretch of the production apparatus, the silica is first mixed with organohalosilane and nitrogen and subsequently with steam and nitrogen. Subsequently the hydrophobization reaction is carried out in known manner in a fluidized bed reactor. The reaction waste gases are returned into the cyclone.

Abstract: A spouted bed granulation process in which the average particle size of the final product is controlled by employing, as seed particles fed to the granulator, a mixture of particles of at least two different average particle sizes and changing the mixing ratio of the respective particles.

Abstract: A process for making granules containing urea as the main component by prilling or granulating a urea melt or an aqueous urea solution, which melt or solution may contain one or more other fertilizers, such as ammonium sulphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate, in solution and/or suspension. According to the invention, a water-soluble aluminum salt is added to the melt, solution or suspension to be prilled or granulated. Preferably the aluminum salt is added in a quantity equivalent to at least 0.1% by weight of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, calculated on the solid content of the melt, solution or suspension.

Abstract: A heterogenous powder comprising particles of tungsten grains with a diameter of less than 1 .mu.m with a binder sponge-like coating of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, copper, silver, iron, cobalt, molybdenum and rhenium with a particle diameter of 10 to 50 .mu.m, a process for the preparation thereof, method of forming sintered elements therefrom and the elements produced thereby being useful as penetrating projectiles.

Abstract: A fluidized bed furnace for coating fuel particles for nuclear reactors, ticularly high temperature reactors, can be emptied without cooling down the reaction tube by substituting an inert gas for the coating gas and then lowering the inner tube through which this gas is fed so as to clear a passage in the surrounding outer gas feed tube through which the kernels may fall down to a diverting device in the intermediate space between the inner and outer tubes that guides the kernels to a discharge tube. The reaction tube is emptied by lowering the feed gas pressure by cutting off the carrier gas flow and regulating the escape of the inert gas through an overflow pipe. After the reactor is emptied, the flow of carrier gas can be restored and the overflow pipe shut, so that the reactor can be refilled, after which the flow of coating gas is restored and another coating operation can begin without delay.

Abstract: A continuous method for making free-flowing, melt-coated elastomeric pellets is disclosed in which pellets are coated with particles of coating material in a zone of interference created in a pneumatic conveying system.

Abstract: A process for making granules containing urea as the main component by spraying an aqueous urea solution having a urea concentration of 85-98% by weight, to which solution magnesium hydroxide, an inorganic magnesium salt or a mixture of such substances has been added as a crystallization retarder for the urea, and which solution optionally contains one or more other fertilizers in solution and/or suspension, is sprayed in the form of very fine droplets having an average diameter of between 20 and 120 micron into a fluidized bed of urea particles at a temperature at which the water on the solutions sprayed onto the particles is evaporated, and urea or urea containing material solidifies on the particles, to form granules having a desired size. The urea granules thus produced are compatible with single and triple superphosphate granules.

Abstract: Solid particles of metal peroxide are coated by means of a coating agent containing a water-soluble condensed phospahte.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for thermally decomposing silicon containing gas for deposition on fluidized nucleating silicon seed particles is disclosed.Silicon seed particles are produced in a secondary fluidized reactor by thermal decomposition of a silicon containing gas. The thermally produced silicon seed particles are then introduced into a primary fluidized bed reactor to form a fludized bed. Silicon containing gas is introduced into the primary reactor where it is thermally decomposed and deposited on the fluidized silicon seed particles. Silicon seed particles having the desired amount of thermally decomposed silicon product thereon are removed from the primary fluidized reactor as ultra pure silicon product.An apparatus for carrying out this process is also disclosed.

Abstract: A liquid or powder material can be dispersed by the application of electrostatic fields. The phenomena, referred to as "electrodispersion" is the dispersion by an intense electric field of part of a static bed of liquid or powder into a stable cloud of rapidly moving particles, and the maintenance of a dynamic equilibrium between the static and dispersed phases. The density of the dispersed cloud of particles varies with a number of factors, including the field strength and the nature of the powder. The electrodeposition effect is employed to produce a uniform and durable coating of controlled thickness on the individual particles, by the generation of a vapor of the desired coating--typically a metal or semiconductor material--and allowing the vapor to permeate the dispersed particles. The electric field ensures that only the particles are coated, and the dispersed particles, having the same charge, repel each other, avoiding agglomeration.

Abstract: Method for the uniform, fully enclosing surface coating of individual particles of pourable materials having nearly uniform particle size with either a smooth, rough or scabrous serrated surface, in a fluidizing fountain with heat air under use of an inorganic and or organic coating material in the form of a suspension or solution. A predetermined quantity of the material is to be coated within a steep funnel-like upwards enlarged container, having a shorter less steep funnel-like lower segment located at the bottom of the upwardly enlarged container through injection of a heat air stream at controlled velocity in ascending vertical direction, forming a fluidized fountain of limited height and diameter incident to the middle axis, thereby forming a core zone; with injection from below and in the same direction as the heat air through one or several injection nozzles, located at the lower end of the container of the suspension or solution facing in an upward direction.

Abstract: This invention is directed to an improved process for treating steel carrier core surfaces which comprises providing a steel carrier core composition, oxidizing in the air stream the surface of the carrier core at a temperature of from about 500 degrees Fahrenheit to about 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit, adding water to the air stream prior to accomplishing the oxidation reaction, at a partial pressure of water in excess of 20 millimeters of mercury, thereby resulting in carrier cores having a resistance of from about 10.sup.5 ohm-cm to about 10.sup.12 ohm-cm.

Abstract: Method is provided for generating fine sized seed particles of silicon for use in the fluidized bed pyrolysis of silane.

Abstract: Process for the stabilization of particles containing peroxygen compounds and bleaching compositions containing particles stabilized according to this process. The particles containing peroxygen compounds are kept in a fluidized bed. A coating agent which is insoluble in water and melts at low temperatures is introduced in the form of solid particles into the fluidized bed. The fluidized bed is kept at a temperature at least equal to the melting point of the coating agent.

Abstract: A process for preparing thermally stable ammonium nitrate-containing granules having high bulk density, high impact resistance, high crushing resistance, and little or no tendency to cake by spraying a liquid composition containing at most 15% by weight water, a stabilization agent, ammonium nitrate and other components into a fluidized bed of ammonium nitrate seed particles thereby forming granules and recovering the thus formed ammonium nitrate-containing granulated product.

Abstract: For certain related dimensions of features of a nozzle feeding a fluidized bed reactor from below, it has been found that a central flow of a coating gas is squeezed down in diameter in passing through a constriction at the nozzle end by the action of the surrounding dilution gas flow, without the setting up of turbulence such as might have been expected, which would cause deposits from the decomposition of the coating gas at the constriction. The spacing between the mouth of the central tube that feeds the coating gas and the constriction at the end of the nozzle should be in the range of 20 to 70 mm, the diameter of the constriction aperture should be in the range from 3 to 10 mm and the diameter of the central channel should be greater than the constriction aperture diameter but not more than 3.5 times the latter diameter. For coating particles having a density of about 10 g/m.sup.3 and a diameter of about 200 .mu.m , the constriction aperture diameter should not exceed 7 mm.

Abstract: A granule coated with a tannic acid metal chelate compound is produced by granulating granular cores by adding a tannic acid metal chelate compound under spraying a solution of a binder by a centrifugal fluidized granulating machine.

Abstract: A fluidized bed furnace employed for depositing pyrolytic carbon or silicon carbide on nuclear fuel particles is supplied with an inert dilution gas and a decomposable coating gas. These are supplied by means of a gas injector having at least three pipes 4 for coating gas extending within a surrounding duct for a stream of dilution gas 6. This leads to a partition 2 at the base of the bed, having at least three apertures 3 for through passage of the gases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing polyacrylic acid salt granules easily soluble in water characterized in that a water-soluble powder of polyacrylic acid salt is granulated according to fluidized bed granulation method while an aqueous solution of the polyacrylic acid salt of a viscosity of 50-700 c.p.s. is sprayed thereon.

Abstract: A method of coating ceramic nuclear fuel particles containing a major amount of an actinide ceramic in which the particles are placed in a fluidized bed maintained at ca. 800.degree. to ca. 900.degree. C., and niobium pentachloride vapor and carbon tetrachloride vapor are led into the bed, whereby niobium metal is deposited on the particles and carbon is deposited interstitially within the niobium. Coating apparatus used in the method is also disclosed.

Abstract: Powder which is too fine to be fluidized on its own is fluidized admixed with a sufficient quantity of coarser powder of a particle size that can be fluidized on its own. The process may be used for coating fine powders with valve-metal for the manufacture of capacitor electrodes.

Abstract: Highly coercive, cobalt-doped ferrimagnetic iron oxide particulates comprised of ferrous iron and well-adapted for the manufacture of various magnetic recording media, are prepared by (i) thermally decomposing a .beta.-diketone/cobalt complex onto fluidized iron oxide particles having the formula (FeO).sub.x Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, wherein 0.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.1.5, (ii) next annealing the particulates which result at a temperature ranging from about 300.degree. to 500.degree. and then (iii) permitting the same to cool, while at the same time sweeping the cooling zone with an inert gas, and then (iv) controlledly re-oxidizing the annealed/cooled particles.

Abstract: A liquid-spraying device, particularly for applying an additive to a moving bed of smoking material. The device includes a body and an elongate narrow unshrouded tubular spray tip carried by the body. First and second ducts are in the body through which the liquid and an atomizing medium respectively can be supplied to the tip. A third duct is provided for supplying a cleaning medium such as air. A jet structure is located remotely from the discharge end of the spray tip, is connected to the third duct and is arranged to direct the cleaning medium along and around the outside of the freely extending tip to the discharge end thereof. The spray tip may be mounted on and extend from a nozzle head connected to the body. The jet structure is provided in the nozzle head, for example, in the form of a plurality of jet orifices equi-angularly spaced around the spray tip. The spray tip and jet can be used in a method of applying a liquid additive to a moving bed of smoking material.

Abstract: A method of preparing an intermediate composition for the production of silicon or silicon carbide, wherein silicon dioxide particles (quartz sand) are coated with carbonaceous material in a fluidized bed from which the coated particles are extracted as they fall to the bottom of the fluidized bed by virtue of an increase in mass by the coating process. The carbon in the coating should be stoichiometrically equivalent to that required for the ultimate reaction of the silicon dioxide to form either elemental silicon or silicon carbide.

Abstract: The reaction gas throughout of the supply duct feeding gas to the bottom of a fluidized bed reactor of the kind shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,153,004, issued May 8, 1979, is increased by providing the reaction gas supply tube in the form of a bundle of tubes of small cross-section of about 2 mm diameter. Subdivision of the supply tube into hexagonal ducts in honeycomb arrangement maximizes the useful cross-sectional area of the supply tube. With the smaller elemental tube diameters, a higher rate of flow is maintainable without loss of laminar flow behavior, which behavior is maintained in the jet issuing from the subdivided reaction gas supply duct as it flows towards the constricted entrance into the fluidized bed container while being surrounded by a sheath of inert carrier gas supplied by an annular duct surrounding the reaction gas tube.

Abstract: In a granulator of the jet layer type, all the liquid jetting openings are located in a passage for a gas jetted from the gas jetting opening and each liquid jetting opening is located at a position higher than the gas jetting opening by a vertical distance smaller than the inner diameter of the gas jetting opening. The granulator may have an additional device such as an excess size-having particle-collecting means, a five particle treating means, a rectifying pipe member, a fuffer member and a hindrance and breakage member.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process of granulation comprising dropping as liquid droplets the melt of a substance solidifiable by cooling or drying through a zone having a sufficient vertical distance to allow solidification of the droplets, forming a fluidized bed of the solidified droplets on the bottom of the said zone, spraying the same or a different melt from the above mentioned substance as fine liquid grains along with a gas stream into the fluidized bed thereby forming a spouted bed of the solidified droplets in the fluidized bed, coating and enlarging the solidified droplets with the fine liquid grains inside the spouted bed, and discharging the obtained large sized granules from the fluidized bed. There is also disclosed an apparatus for practicing the process.

Abstract: Disclosed is a granulating process which comprises the steps of providing a plurality of spouted bed granulation zones arranged in series and one or more fluidizing zones for cooling and drying purposes each disposed between two adjacent ones of the granulation zones, introducing priming granules of a particulate material into the first-stage granulation zone while spraying thereinto an adherent and solidifiable liquid together with a gas stream to enlarge the priming granules, cooling and drying the enlarged granules in the succeeding fluidizing zone, passing the resulting granules through the other granulation zones and fluidizing zones successively, and withdrawing the granules enlarged to a desired particle size from the last-stage granulation zone. Also disclosed is an apparatus for carrying out this granulating process.