Abstract: Nigrosine and induline dyes having improved rheological properties are prepared by treating a base of the nigrosine or induline series with between 15 and 30% by weight of phthalic anhydride, at a temperature between 135.degree. and 150.degree. C. The resulting dyes are readily dispersible in plastics and inks and provide finished products having improved flowability.

Abstract: Method and means is disclosed for treating carrier particles in order to change the charge to mass ratio and the resistivity of a development powder encompassing such particles. The carrier particles are first coated with a polymer capable of providing reactive sites and then an additional treatment is carried out with a material that will react to the reactive sites. Another advantage of the treatment is that the carrier particles are protected from oxidation following such treatment.

Abstract: A method of preparing a polymeric film comprising the steps of applying a layer of solution of the polymer in a volatile solvent therefor to a support, heating the solution to evaporate at least part of the solvent and, before the polymer is dry, applying to the surface of the polymer layer a surfactant which is soluble in the polymer solution.

Abstract: A simulated leather element comprising a surface sheet and a base, the sheet containing a polyurethane elastomer produced from a polyol comprising at least 50% by weight of polydipropylene adipate, an organic diisocyanate and a chain extending agent. A method of producing such an element is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of improving adhesion between the surface of a substrate and a metal deposit electrolessly plated thereon by forming a novel adhesive material layer comprising (A) a rubber material and (B) a thermosetting resin which is present in a proportion defined by the formula 20.ltoreq.(B)/(A)+(B).ltoreq.85 volume %. In the adhesive layer the thermosetting resin is dispersed, in the form of substantially spherical particles of 0.5 to 15.mu., in the continuous phase of the rubber material. The method is useful for producing printed circuit boards having a high precision and high accuracy pattern circuit. Further, the method is extremely advantageous when it is applied to the so-called photo-forming process since disappearance of the catalyst nuclei on the circuit pattern image can be eliminated.

Abstract: A polymer suitable for use in affinity chromatography comprising a polymer f an aminimide and a vinyl compound having at least one pendant halo-methyl group and the said polymer wherein an amine ligand which affords sites for binding in affinity chromatography is coupled to the polymer by reaction with a portion of the pendant halo-methyl groups and the remainder of said pendant halo-methyl groups are reacted with an amine containing a pendant hydrophilic group. The invention also comprises a method of coating a substrate with the above polymer and a method of fractionating mixtures by affinity chromatography employing the above polymer as an adsorbent.

Abstract: Disclosed are improved microcapsules comprising a core of fill material, at least one generally continuous wall encapsulating the core, and the reaction product of a methylolated epoxy compound and material of the outermost wall as at least a portion of the outermost surface of the microcapsule, the reaction product, among other things, tending to close discontinuities in the encapsulating wall. When containing a colorless dye precursor and utilized in carbonless copying systems, the improved microcapsules help to reduce discoloration caused by leakage or premature rupture and release of the dye precursor while still providing good image intensity of marks produced by the system. Also disclosed are methods of making the improved microcapsules.

Abstract: An improved mask fabrication process is disclosed which may be broadly applied to ion-implantation, reactive plasma etching, or the etching of semiconductor structures. The process is based upon the deposition onto an oxide coated or bare semiconductor surface, of a first photoresist layer having formed therein a plurality of windows and which is hardened by a wet chemical technique so as to have an increased resistance to dissolution in solvents. A second photoresist layer is deposited over the surface and windows of the first layer and a subplurality of windows are formed therein over selected windows in the first photoresist layer so as to selectively block a portion of the plurality of windows in the first layer. This composite mask invention may then be employed to carry out an ion-implantation step, wet etching step or reactive plasma etching step on the oxide or semiconductor surface exposed through composite windows.

Abstract: A process of forming an embossed surface covering is disclosed. The process comprises forming a crosslinkable foam on a backing, depositing a deactivator composition to inhibit cross-linking on at least a portion of the cross-linkable foam, and heating the resulting crosslinkable foam-containing sheet to a temperature sufficient to crosslink the portions of the foam not affected by the deposition of deactivator composition and melt the portions of the foam affected by the deposition of deactivator composition.

Abstract: In a process wherein a resinous coating is formed on a metallic surface by immersing the surface in an acidic aqueous coating composition containing dispersed particles of resin, wherein said composition forms on said surface a resinous coating which increases in thickness the longer the surface is immersed in the composition and wherein the resinous coating is contacted with an aqueous solution containing Cr in order to improve properties (e.g., corrosion resistance), the surface slip of the applied coating is increased by having dispersed in the Cr-containing solution a polymer which has a lower coefficient of friction than the applied resinous coating.

Abstract: The adhesion of inorganic substrates such as glass, silica, clay, alumina, or steel, to organic resins such as polysulfides, polyolefins, polyesters, polyurethanes, epoxy resins, or EPDM rubber is improved with the use of compositions comprising from about 5 to 95 weight percent of a component selected from a first group consisting of methacryloxyalkyltrialkoxysilanes, mercaptoalkyltrialkoxysilanes, vinyltrialkoxysilanes, vinyltrihalosilanes, and alkylvinyldihalosilanes wherein each alkyl or alkoxy group has 1 to 3 carbon atoms inclusive, and from about 5 to 95 weight percent of a second component selected from a second group consisting of alkyltrialkoxysilanes, dialkyldialkoxysilanes, trialkylalkoxysilanes, trialkoxysilanes, tetraalkoxysilanes, aryltrialkoxysilanes, alkylaryldialkoxysilanes, and diaryldialkoxysilanes, wherein each aryl group is phenyl or para-tolyl, each alkyl group has 1 to 8 carbon atoms inclusive, and each alkoxy group has 1 to 3 carbon atoms inclusive.

Abstract: Dyeable and dyed polymer-coatings on metal articles such as sliders on slide fasteners, buttons, buckles, clasps, nuts, bolts, hooks, etc. are disclosed which include a substantial quantity of active proton acceptor groups relative to the number of polymer molecules in order to provide adequate dye pick-up.

Abstract: A polymer suitable for use in affinity chromatography comprising a polymer f an aminimide and a vinyl compound having at least one pendant halo-methyl group and the said polymer wherein an amine ligand which affords sites for binding in affinity chromatography is coupled to the polymer by reaction with a portion of the pendant halo-methyl groups and the remainder of said pendant halo-methyl groups are reacted with an amine containing a pendant hydrophilic group.The invention also comprises a method of coating a substrate with the above polymer and a method of fractionating mixtures by affinity chromatography employing the above polymer as an adsorbent.

Abstract: This invention relates to the production of composites of organic polyisocyanate plastics and metals. The metals are pretreated with certain adhesion promoters in order to increase adhesion between the metal and the plastic. The pretreated metal sheet or foil is brought into contact with the reaction mixture during the chemical reaction while the plastic is being formed.

Abstract: This invention relates to the impregnation of rigid porous articles, particularly metal castings. In its preferred form the impregnant is a liquid mixture of monofunctional (meth)acrylic ester and a relatively small proportion of polyfunctional (meth)acrylic ester to provide a cross linked product on curing and to facilitate washing of the casting with water and an emulsifier. A peroxy or other free radical catalyst such as AZBN is associated in the impregnant with an inhibitor such as a hydroquinone derivative so that curing can be effected at a temperature of 90.degree. C. within 3 to 15 minutes. Curing is preferably effected by immersion in a hot water bath.

Abstract: Novel single film bipolar membranes, of substantially improved efficiency and durability, i.e. having an ion selectivity above 80% in an electrolyte medium of about one mole, are prepared from pre-swollen films containing a relatively high amount, i.e. at least 15% of an insoluble cross-linked aromatic polymer. Under controlled conditions, highly dissociable cationic-exchange groups are chemically bonded to the aromatic nuclei to a desired depth of the film from one side only; subsequently, highly dissociable anion-exchange groups are chemically bonded to the unreacted aromatic nuclei on the other side of the film. The functionalized, densely structured single film ion exchange membrane undergoes negligible degradation, is blister free, and is uniquely suited for electrodialysis particularly water-splitting operations due to its low electrical resistance and low salt leakage.

Abstract: The cross-linking of a moulded object based on polymeric materials is effected by heating the object in the presence of a liquid medium containing one or more peroxides under conditions that cause penetration, and the heating is continued at increasing temperatures to cause a homogeneous cross-linking.Employable peroxides are substantially stable under the first heating step but are cleaved into free radicals during the second heating step, at least the cross-linking step being carried out with the object enclosed in a liquid of approximately the same density as the polymeric material.

Abstract: A coating composition consisting essentially of certain heat-stable polymers, colorants, oxidation catalysts, and liquid carrier useful for coating an article to produce a finish which is capable of having a decorative pattern produced within it is provided.

Abstract: A coating composition consisting essentially of certain heat-stable polymers, colorants, antioxidants, and liquid carrier useful for coating an article to produce a finish which is capable of maintaining its hue and having a decorative pattern produced within it is provided.

Abstract: Microcapsules having a capsule core material surrounded by a relatively impermeable, densified protective wall and a method of producing such microcapsules are disclosed. To produce the microcapsules, an agitated system is provided including a liquid vehicle as a major component of the system and constituting a continuous first phase of the system. A plurality of discrete capsule core material entities are dispersed in the liquid vehicle and constitute a discontinuous second phase. A film-forming, cross-linkable, polymeric base material is also present in the liquid vehicle and, upon induction of phase separation within the agitated system, forms a sheath about the capsule core material entities. The formed sheath also contains entrapped liquid vehicle; however, a major portion of the entrapped liquid vehicle is subsequently extracted from the sheath, and the resulting densified polymeric base material in the sheath is then cross-linked to form a densified protective wall around the capsule core material.

Abstract: A gel polymer of vinyl compounds suitable for use as a coating is prepared by mixing the following four components [A], [B], [C] and [D],Component [A], an aqueous composition comprising an aqueous solvent and at least one selected from the group consisting of water-soluble or water-dispersible vinyl compounds,Component [B], at least one compound having at least one functional group selected from the groups consisting of hydroxyl group, amino group, quaternary ammonium group, aldehyde group, mercapto group and a group capable of producing a hydroxyl group aldehyde group, mercapto group or amino group in an aqueous medium,Component [C], at least one compound capable of producing ferric ion or ceric ion in an aqueous medium and,Component [D], at least one sulfur compound capable of producing S.sub.x O.sub.y.sup.

Abstract: Micropattern devices, such as electronic microcircuits, are produced by establishing on a substrate base a film of resist material, such as a polymeric film, containing dispersed therethrough a substantial proportion of an enzyme and then producing a pattern of a metal by reactions depending upon presence of the enzyme.

Abstract: An anti-fouling overcoating composition for watercraft or stationary underwater structures precoated with hard-surface leaching-type anti-fouling paint consists essentially of an aqueous solution or dispersion of a carboxylated hydrophilic acrylic polymer, a cross-linking agent for the carboxylated hydrophilic polymer, polyethylenimine or a hydrophilic polyethylenimine derivative and an effective amount of an ultraviolet-absorbing agent.

Abstract: A porous sheet material made of a polymeric material comprising mainly a polyurethane elastomer, which comprises a base layer of vertically penetrating vesicular structure and a surface layer of microporous structure integrally provided on at least one of the surfaces of the said base layer, which is suitable for the manufacture of a leather-like sheet product.

Abstract: The aqueous coating composition, which is particularly adaptable for use as a household floor polish or a temporary protective coating for various articles, contains a non-volatile, solid film former, such as an acrylic copolymer, dispersed in the aqueous phase or base, and a water-soluble, acid-base indicator, such as thymolphthalein, which is colored at a pH above a predetermined level and is colorless at a lower pH. Upon being applied on the surface of a substrate, a substantially colorless film is formed thereon upon the evaporation of the water and the color indicator becomes an integral part of the dried film. Upon the application of an aqueous alkaline cleaning or stripping solution having a pH above that required to effect a color change of the color indicator, (e.g., above about 11.6 when thymolphthalein is used), the film changes to a distinctive color (e.g.

Abstract: The appearance of a heat-stable polymer coating is enhanced by a process which produces a decorative pattern within a heat-stable polymer coating. The process consists essentially of applying, in a decorative pattern, an oxidation catalyst composition which diffuses into the heat-stable polymer coating composition and renders the pattern visible, upon baking, within the baked coat produced by the coating composition.

Abstract: As quick-acting hardeners for layers which contain protein, in particular gelatin layers for photographic purposes carbamoyl oxypyridinium salts are used.

Abstract: The appearance of a heat-stable polymer coating is enhanced by a process which produces a decorative pattern within a coating produced by a heat-stable polymer coating composition. The process consists of applying a heat-stable polymer composition as a subsequent coat over or directly under an antioxidant composition which diffuses into the heat-stable polymer coating composition and renders the pattern visible, upon baking, within the baked coat produced by the coating composition.

Abstract: The appearance of a heat-stable polymer coating is enhanced by a process which produces a decorative pattern within a coating produced by a heat-stable polymer coating composition. The process consists of applying a heat-stable polymer composition as a subsequent coat over or directly under an antioxidant composition and an oxidation catalyst composition which are both arranged in decorative patterns and which diffuse into the heat-stable polymer coating composition and render the patterns visible, upon baking, within the baked coat produced by the coating composition.

Abstract: Porous friction facing materials containing cellulose fibers are coated with an impregnant of ethyl silicate to provide automatic transmission clutch plate and band linings of improved frictional properties, durability, wear and heat resistance, without use of asbestos. A sheet of paper-like fibrous material may be first impregnated with a phenolic resin binder which is cured to form a first coating and then impregnated with a hydrolyzed solution of ethyl silicate in a solvent. The material is further heated to drive off the solvent and cure the ethyl silicate to form a second outer coating having a higher coefficient of friction than the first coating. The silicate impregnated lining is then bonded to the steel plate or band. Alternatively, the resin impregnated lining material may be first bonded to the metal plate and then the entire plate assembly is impregnated with the ethyl silicate solution and cured.

Abstract: An image-receiving element for color diffusion transfer photography for use with a photographic element containing at least one silver halide emulsion layer having incorporated therein a dye image forming material that is soluble in alkaline solution and becomes diffusible upon development of the silver halide emulsion layer with an alkaline processing solution, and to which the dye image forming material is imagewise transferred when the alkaline processing solution is spread between the image-receiving element and the photographic element; in which the image-receiving element comprises a support having at least one hydrophilic colloid layer thereon, at least one layer of the image-receiving element containing an alkaline solution-soluble hydrophilic synthetic polymer and a polymethylol compound.

Abstract: A process for the encapsulating of substances immiscible with water by dispersing the substance to be encapsulated in a distribution medium in the presence of a hydrate or bisulphite adduct of a polyacrolein or acrolein copolymer and reacting said hydrate or bisulphite adduct with a water-soluble, polyfunctional, monomeric or polymeric hydrophilic compound and, optionally, additionally with a curing agent or an aminoplast precondensate to form an insoluble capsule.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for making carrier sheets containing hardenable polyester resins by treating the carrier sheets with solutions or emulsions of polyester resins, which comprisesA. impregnating the carrier sheet with an aqueous solution of a hardenable water-soluble polyester resin,B. substantially drying the carrier sheet containing the aqueous solution of the hardenable polyester resin,C. applying a polymerizable unsaturated compound onto the resin-containing carrier sheet in a quantity sufficient for subsequent cross-linking,D. coating the treated resin-containing carrier sheet with a solution or an aqueous dispersion of a water-insoluble hardenable polyester resin containing a cross-linking agent, andE. substantially drying the resultant product of the process.

Abstract: The adherence of a magnetic sound strip to the surface of an anti-halation layer of a multi-layer motion picture film including at least one light-sensitive emulsion layer is enhanced by using as the alkali-soluble binder of the anti-halation layer a polymer containing free carboxyl groups and including in the coating composition of the magnetic strip an organic compound which contains at least two reactive halogen atoms reactive with the polymer carboxyl groups.

Abstract: Light-focussing type optical fibers are formed from concentric circular sheath-core composite fibers composed of a sheath forming polymer having a defined solubility parameter and a defined swelling parameter, which can protect the core, and a core polymer wherein a specific monomer is introduced through the sheath into the core polymer, after which said monomer is polymerized, whereby the defined variation of refractive index from the center of the core towards the periphery of the core is formed.

Abstract: A urethane composition comprising as a base compound a polyol and/or an isocyanate-reactive tar, and as a curing agent a liquid product of a toluene diisocyanate tar occurring as a by-product in the preparation of toluene diisocyanate obtained by dissolving or dispersing the toluene diisocyanate tar in an aromatic solvent having a boiling point at atmospheric pressure of at least 200.degree. C and a method for producing the liquid toluene diisocyanate tar product.

Abstract: A process for improving the water absorption of textile sheet structures bonded by means of a polymer solution or dispersion, by the application and fixation of a polyglycol ether derivative containing at least two aziridine rings.

Abstract: An implantable cardiac pacemaker which is enclosed in a titanium or titanium alloy housing with at least a portion of the housing coated with a silicone elastomer which both electrically and physiologically isolates the metal surface from the body while at the same time permitting the body tissue to act on the elastomer itself to provide a form of adhesion thereby to assist in stabilizing the pacemaker position within the body.

Abstract: Porous articles impregnated with certain anaerobic polymerizable sealants and having a coating of such sealant on their surface can have such coating removed by dissolving the sealant in an aqueous solution of a surfactant having the general formula X.sup.1 --O(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.x X.sup.2. The removal can be done at room temperature.

Abstract: Chrysotile asbestos is chemically opened into the individual fibrils by soluble vinylic polymer polyelectrolytes containing carboxylic acid groups in aqueous media. Polyacrylic acids, polymethacrylic acids, maleic anhydride polymers and water-soluble copolymers thereof are preferred polyelectrolytes and form stable colloidal dispersions. The polyelectrolytes are neutralized to alkaline pH with inorganic or organic bases, but preferably with basic vinylic monomers when complete encapsulation is desired. By a further aspect of the invention the polyelectrolyte-coated fibrils in aqueous dispersion are encapsulated by copolymerization with (a) a basic vinylic comonomer (used for pH control) such as dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, t-butylaminoethyl methacrylate or a vinylpyridine; and (b) a non-basic vinylic comonomer such as styrene, divinylbenzene, vinyl chloride or fluoride, vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, and methacrylonitrile.

Abstract: A process of making a decorative surface covering by preparing a granular resinous dryblend containing a polymerizable monomer compatible with the resin and having at least two olefinically unsaturated sites, depositing a layer of the monomer-containing dryblend on a backing, heating the granules to form a porous, cohesive layer therefrom, cooling the layer, and printing a decorative design on the porous layer with a first printing composition containing a polymerization inhibitor which will penetrate into the porous composition. A second printing composition containing a polymerization catalyst for the monomer is then applied over the entire surface of the printed layer, and heat and/or heat and pressure is applied to fuse the resinous granules and polymerize the monomer throughout those areas not printed with the inhibitor composition.

Abstract: A process of making a decorative surface covering by preparing a granular resinous dryblend containing a vinyl resin and a plasticizer for the vinyl resin, depositing a layer of the dryblend on a backing, heating the granules to form a porous, cohesive layer therefrom, cooling the layer, and printing a decorative design on the porous layer with a first printing composition containing a polymerization inhibitor which will penetrate into the porous composition. A second printing composition containing both a polymerizable monomer, compatible with the plasticized vinyl resin, and having at least two olefinically unsaturated sites, and, a polymerization catalyst for the monomer is then applied over the entire surface of the printed layer, and heat and/or heat and pressure is applied to fuse the resinous granules and polymerize the monomer throughout those areas not printed with the polymerization inhibitor composition.

Abstract: A process of making a decorative surface covering by preparing a granular resinous dryblend containing both a polymerizable monomer, compatible with the resin, and having at least two olefinically unsaturated sites, and, a polymerization catalyst for the monomer, depositing a layer of the dryblend on a backing, heating the granules to form a porous, cohesive layer therefrom, cooling the layer, and printing a decorative design on the porous layer with a printing composition containing a polymerization inhibitor which will penetrate into the porous composition. Heat and/or heat and pressure is applied to fuse the resinous granules and polymerize the monomer throughout those areas not printed with the inhibitor composition.

Abstract: An alkyd-type resin composition comprising a chelate compound represented by the formula ##EQU1## wherein M is a metal of the first transition metal group (except for nickel), lead, or zirconium; Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.2 are each an aromatic residue, a substituted aromatic residue, or a heterocyclic aromatic residue; R, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each hydrogen, an alkyl residue, a cycloaliphatic alkyl residue, an aromatic residue, a substituted aromatic residue, or a jointed residue of these radicals, and the carbon chains of R, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may contain hetero atoms such as oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur. The said resin composition is characterized by little change in properties with the lapse of time, accelerated curing, and improved drying characteristics without gel formation in the surface layer of the resin.

Abstract: Composite membranes bearing ion-exchange groups suitable for use in membrane separation processes are produced by providing a porous substrate which is physically semipermeable by itself, applying a coating composition consisting essentially of a filmforming polymeric material to which ion-exchange groups are introduceable and a liquid medium onto the surface of said substrate, removing said liquid medium to provide an ultrathin membrane of said material having a thickness less than 10 microns, and treating said ultrathin membrane to provide said ion-exchange groups throughout said ultrathin membrane.

Abstract: This invention provides compositions containing amine terminated high temperature prepolymers such as polyimides, polyamide-imides or the corresponding polyamide-acids in combination with cyanamides of polyfunctional secondary amines and the crosslinked polymers obtained therefrom. These cyanamides are reactive fluxes which facilitate processing of the high temperature prepolymer resin by lowering the softening temperature under processing conditions, and they also chain-extend and cross-link the prepolymer resin.

Abstract: Polythiols having more than two terminal and/or pendant thiol groups per polymer molecule are formed by the free radical catalyzed addition of a monomer system made up of either hydrogen sulfide or a dithiol alone or in combination with an acetylenic compound to a polyolefin having at least three olefin sites. The polyolefin is preferably a tri-terminal olefin. The polythiol products are liquid, essentially gel-free materials having number average molecular weights varying from 200 to 30000. The polyfunctional prepolymers of the invention can be cured to stable three-dimensional networks with inexpensive bi-functional oxidants such as lead dioxide. Additionally, prepolymer compositions having 3 or more pendant or terminal thiol groups per molecule when combined with polyfunctional organic reagents, such as diepoxides, form stable, high-tenacity adhesive systems.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a polyurethane plastic in the form of coatings on the surface of substrates, from storage-stable liquid mixtures free of solvents and made of solid thermoplastic polyurethanes and polyurethane prepolymers.A storage-stable liquid system comprising solid polyurethane particles in liquid prepolymers where the two phases are incompatible with each other at the storage temperature.

Abstract: A Method of coating particulate materials (such as silica sand, glass beads, seeds and metal particles) with a liquid thermosetting epoxy resin which comprises agitating the epoxy resin with the particles in a nonpolar liquid, which is immiscible with the epoxy resin, and contains a nonionic surfactant having a molecular weight of at least 2,000 to retard the tendency of the epoxy coated particles to agglomerate during curing of the resin in the non-polar liquid. A suitable liquid for use as the immiscible liquid is a paraffinic oil which is aromatic-free and olefin-free.

Abstract: Methods of applying stable synthetic resin compositions to porous .[.material.]. .Iadd.materials .Iaddend.the synthetic resin composition comprising: (1) a synthetic resin; (2) a polyvalent metal complex coordination compound; and (3) a water-soluble, ionically active ammonium or alkali metal salt of an acid capable of being chemically converted into an ionically inactive polyvalent metal salt of said acid by chemical reaction and precipitation or sequestration of said polyvalent metal salt, and substantially immediately destroying the stability of the synthetic resin compositions to precipitate the resin on the porous materials under controlled migration conditions.