Abstract: A method for shielding areas of an article whereby a masking member is used to protect the selected areas from various surface treatments such as coating, plating, vacuum evaporation, and phosphatizing. The mask is attached to the article with an adhesive, the surface treatment is performed on the article, and the mask is removed by suction. The inventive method is particularly useful on car bodies.

Abstract: A release coating is applied to a paper web or other woven or non-woven substrate in the form of a foam. A foamed saturant can also be applied to the paper web or other substrate followed by the application of a foamed or unfoamed release coating composition to the paper web, without an intermediate drying step between the application of the foamed saturant, and the application of the release coating.

Abstract: The solvent resistance of polyethersulfone oligomers is enhanced by using difunctional imidophenol end-cap monomers to provide improved crosslinking. The imidophenol monomers include two unsaturated functionalities capable of cross-linking upon thermal or chemical activation. Blends, pregregs, and composites using the novel end caps are described for linear or multidimensional polyethersulfone oligomers.

Abstract: A process for producing a recording medium comprising a substrate and a plurality of image forming elements disposed thereon, which comprises the steps of: applying a binder onto the substrate to form thereon a binder layer; disposing the image forming elements on the binder layer; and simultaneously applying a vibration and a pressure to the image forming elements disposed on the binder layer sufficient to bond the image forming elements to the substrate as a substantially monoparticle layer.

Abstract: A method of forming a diamond film on a substrate comprises the steps of depositing carbon on said substrate in vacuum by vapor deposition, and irradiating accelerated ions onto said substrate, said ions being obtained by ionizing a gas composed of at least one of a hydrogen gas, inert gases, hydrocarbon gases, organic compound gases and silicon base gases.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a coating composition containing microcapsules comprising the steps of:(a) preparing an aqueous dispersion of microcapsules,(b) adding a flow control agent to said aqueous dispersion microcapsules,(c) applying heat and vacuum to said aqueous dispersion of microcapsules containing said flow control agent to remove water from said dispersion of microcapsules and thereby concentrate said dispersion of microcapsules and(d) adding said concentrated dispersion of microcapsules to a printing ink vehicle to form a coating composition.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for impregnating a porous web with a chemical. The impregnating method includes applying a vacuum to one side of the web sufficient to evacuate air from the web, applying impregnating chemical into the web in a selected pattern on the same side of the web, followed by drying the web. The apparatus includes a vacuum chamber for evacuating air from the web, a manifold for applying the impregnating chemical into the web located on the same side of the web as the vacuum chamber and a stencil for restricting the application of the chemical to selected areas of the web.

Abstract: A clad metal is produced by forming a layer of a dissimilar metal powder on the surface of a base metal by cold fixing the powder to the surface under pressure, densing only the surface and a subsurface area of the layer of the dissimilar metal powder by melting and immediately solidifying in a vacuum, compressing the layer of the dissimilar metal powder together with the base metal at a temperature not higher than the solidus-line temperature of the two dissimilar metals under a pressure of not lower than 300 kgf/cm.sup.2 (or 29.4 MPa) using a hot isostatic press, and hot working the layer of the dissimilar metal powder together with the base metal.

Abstract: A layered structure comprises in sequence a substrate, and coated on at least a portion of at least one surface of said substrate a first layer comprising a crystalline uniaxially oriented organic compound, and at least one additional layer comprising a crystalline uniaxially oriented organic compound which is epitaxially vapor deposited on said first layer.A method for providing the layered structure of the invention comprises the steps of(a) providing a substrate,(b) depositing and crystallographically uniaxially orienting a first organic (seed) layer onto the substrate,(c) depositing from the vapor phase at least one additional organic layer onto the oriented seed layer to provide a layered structure wherein the at least one additional layer is epitaxial with the seed layer.

Abstract: A method for the production of a protective layer on a structural part against thermal, chemical and/or mechanical stresses, particularly structural parts of complex shape such as turbine blades in which powder of a starting material for the layer is suspended in a suspension liquid and the suspension is held at a temperature just above the freezing point of the suspension. The structural part to be coated is maintained at a temperature below the freezing point of the dispersing liquid and is dipped into the suspension so that a layer of the powder present in the suspension freezes firmly on the part. The thickness of the layer is dependent on the temperature of the structural part and the length of time during which the structural part remains immersed on the suspension. The structural part now coated with the powder layer is subjected to freeze drying and is thereafter heated to a temperature above the freezing point of the suspension.

Abstract: An EL element is composed of a glass base plate, a transparent electrode, a dielectric body layer, a luminous body layer, another dielectric body layer and a rear electrode which are piled on each other in order. An an electron inflow restraining layer is formed between the luminous body layer and another dielectric body layer. The luminous body layer is formed by doping Mn into a ZnS crystal and the electron inflow restraining layer is formed by irradiating gas ions of high energy to the surface of the luminous body layer. The electron inflow restraining layer restrains the inflow of electrons supplied to the luminous body layer while being accelerated by an electric field formed between the transparent electrode and the rear electrode.

Abstract: A machine for removing bubbles from coated flat substrates, namely PC boards. The machine includes one or more conveyors for transporting the boards into an enclosure and a vacuum platen positioned above the conveyor which, when lowered into contact with the conveyor encloses the board in a plenum. A pump withdraws air from the plenum to create a vacuum and remove any entrained or surface bubbles from the boards.

Abstract: A paint peeling composition contains as effective components (1) a water-insoluble high polymer compound such as unreamelamine resin, chloroprene latex, EVA latex, or polystyrene; and (2) a substance containing as an effective component thereof, a component capable of forming a group of minute bubbles in an applied coating per se, e.g., a foamed or unfoamed hollow matter, or a chemical system capable of reacting to form a gaseous foam.

Abstract: The disclosed charge transfer signal processor includes a vacuum housing having an input face and an output face, a 2-D electromagnetic input means cooperative with said input face for providing a 2-D input electronic charge signal within the vacuum housing, transfer means for imaging the 2-D input electronic charge signal in a region of the vacuum housing proximate the vacuum housing output face, and charge feedthrough means coupled to the vacuum housing output face for transferring the imaged 2-D electronic charge signal externally to the vacuum housing. In one embodiment, the charge transfer signal processor is operable as Gen-1 charge transfer amplifier. In another embodiment, a microchannel plate assembly is disposed in the vacuum housing intermediate the input and output faces, and the charge transfer signal processor is operable as a high-gain charge transfer signal amplifier.

Abstract: The solvent resistance of polyethersulfone oligomers is enhanced by using difunctional imidophenol end-cap monomers to provide improved crosslinking. The imidophenol monomers include two unsaturated functionalities capable of cross-linking upon thermal or chemical activation. Blends, pregregs, and compositions using the novel end caps are described for linear or multidimensional polyethersulfone oligomers.

Abstract: A process of producing modified wood by impregnating dried wood with a mixed solution composed of phthalic anhydride as a polybasic acid anhydride and epichlorohydrin as an epoxy compound at a mol ratio of 1:1 to 1:30 by dipping the wood in the mixed solution, withdrawing the impregnated wood from the mixed solution, and heating the wood to a temperature of from 60.degree. C. to 180.degree. C. to simultaneously adding phthalic anhydride and epichlorohydrin to the hydroxyl groups of the wood. By the process of this invention, excellent dimensional stability and weather resistance can be imparted to the wood while retaining the properties specific to the wood.

Abstract: A new method of processing a plant seed wherein a coating treatment is applied to a plant seed with an aqueous alkali salt solution of an aqueous gel to form a coating layer thereon and said coating layer is reacted with an aqueous solution of a divalent or trivalent metal salt to render the coating layer insoluble to water. Particularly, the improvement is accomplished by encapsulating the plant seed in the above mentioned gel coating together with an air bubble. This encapsulation is performed by means of a nozzle having a telescopic structure, in which a plant seed and air is supplied through the inner passage while the gel is supplied the surrounding annular passage. The nozzle is used in a vertical orientation and the lower end performs a valve function to control the gel supply.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for coating tungsten carbide with cobalt metal. The process involves forming an aqueous slurry of tungsten carbide having a particle size of no greater than about -100 mesh, and zinc powder, adding ammonia to the slurry in an amount sufficient so that the slurry is basic after the addition of cobalt chloride, adding a solution of cobalt chloride to the ammoniated slurry with the amount of cobalt chloride being sufficient to provide a coating of partially reduced cobalt on the tungsten carbide, removing this cobalt coated tungsten carbide from the resulting liquor, and heating the coated tungsten carbide in a reducing atmosphere to effect the essentially complete reduction of the cobalt and to produce a cobalt metal coating on the tungsten carbide.

Abstract: A process for producing a calcium phosphate compound coated composite material is disclosed, wherein a coating layer of a calcium phosphate compound is formed on the surface of a metal substrate by coating the surface of said metal substrate with an aqueous solution of nitric acid having hydroxyapatite dissolved therein, and then firing said coated substrate at a temperature of 300.degree. C. or more. The composite material is useful as implants (e.g., artificial bones, dentures, and dental roots) and cements therefor.

Abstract: This invention relates to the application of a treatment agent to an air permeable substrate by forming a foam of a liquid containing or constituting the treatment agent and applying the foam to the substrate and causing or allowing the foam to transit the substrate and to be removed from the other side thereof in which process the foam is applied in an excess defined as a ratio of the foam transit liquid content of the material in which case the amount of treatment agent taken up by the substrate will be dependent solely on the concentration of the agent within the foam and not by the volume of the foam applied and further the amount of agent taken up by the substrate is substantially independent of the initial water or liquid content of the substrate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for producing rolls or coils of film of insulating material which has been conductively coated, in a vacuum, by vaporizing conductive material in direct electron beam bombardment and condensing the vapor on the film surface. According to the invention, the film is subjected to a plasma treatment after coating and before the film is wound in a coil.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming a thin film to planarize a surface of a semiconductor device having convex and concave regions, comprising a plasma generating chamber into which are an Ar gas and an O.sub.2 gas are supplied so that a plasma is produced; a specimen chamber in which a substrate electrode upon which a specimen substrate is placed and which is in partial communication with the plasma generating chamber and into which an SiH.sub.4 gas as a film material is introduced; and a bias power source for applying a bias voltage to the substrate electrode so that ions sufficiently impinge substantially vertically upon the electrode to perform ion etching. First, an SiO.sub.2 film is deposited on the specimen substrate by using the O.sub.2 and SiH.sub.4 gases. In the next step, Ar plasma and O.sub.2 plasma are produced in the plasma generating chamber and a bias voltage is applied to the substrate electrode.

Abstract: An article for protecting a substrate includes a preshaped member having a shape similar to that of the substrate being protected, the article having a thin layer of gel disposed in intimate contact with an inner surface of the member such that the gel is disposed in intimate contact with the substrate when the member is disposed therearound. Preferably, the gel comprises an open looped three-dimensional network, the gel being relatively soft, elastic, and having an ultimate elongation in excess of 100%.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for impregnating a thermoplastic polymer with an impregnation material such as a fragrance or pest control agent or pharmaceutical composition. A thermoplastic polymer is impregnated by (1) dissolving an impregnation material such as a fragrance or pest control agent or pharmaceutical composition material in a volatile swelling agent maintained at or near supercritical conditions for the volatile swelling agent, (2) swelling the thermoplastic polymer by contacting it at or near supercritical conditions for the volatile swelling agent with the impregnation material-laden volatile swelling agent and then (3) reducing the pressure so that the volatile swelling agent diffuses out of the thus impregnated thermoplastic polymer.

Abstract: A process for coating a substrate with a film comprising an .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated compound, a .beta.,.gamma.-unsaturated ether activator compound, an effective amount of a free radical polymerization initiator, and, optionally, a catalytic amount of metal drier. The components are applied to the substrate and the coated substrate is then placed in an atmosphere substantially free of oxygen until the coating has cured to a substantially tack-free condition.

Abstract: Use of an application of foam to air permeable sheet material by a variety of mechanical or pressure applied means in order to cause or allow the foam to enter the interstices of the material. The foam contains as an essential integer an agent capable of lowering the surface tension of the foaming liquid thereby effecting a dewatering/drying action on the material greater than that than would otherwise be applied.

Abstract: Method of manufacturing a metallic composite article, with which the surface area of a base member, which surface area consists of a metallic base material, is bonded to a plating material over the entire surface. The base member is to be plated with a layer which is as far as possible homogeneous and thin and the composition of which is freely selectable. For this purpose, the plating material is placed in a sheet-metal cap which is adapted to the surface area to be plated as well as to the adjacent area of the base member surrounding this surface area and overlaps this adjacent area. Once the plating material and sheet-metal cap have been pressed against the base member the sheet-metal cap is evacuated and welded by electron beam, under vacuum, to the base member, whereupon base member, plating material and sheet-metal cap are hot-isostatically pressed. The sheet-metal cap is then removed, leaving the desired, plated base member.

Abstract: Paper sheet or board is externally sized by applying to the surface thereof a rosin-based sizing agent in the form of a foam in the production of which the sizing agent itself acts as a foaming agent. After the foam has been applied to the surface of the paper sheet or board, at least a major proportion of the applied foam is mechanically broken down to provide a substantially uniform distribution of the sizing agent over the surface.

Abstract: A process for coating a substrate with a film of cured polymer in which a mixture of a poly (.alpha., .beta.-ethylenically unsaturated) oligomer, a polyallyloxy activator compound containing an effective amount of a free radical polymerization initiator and a catalytic amount of metal drier is prepared, the admixture is applied to the substrate in an air or oxygen rich atmosphere and the coated substrate is then placed in an atmosphere substantially free of oxygen until the coating has cured to a substantially tack-free condition.

Abstract: A fabric is resin-impregnated by placing it between a liquid resin surface and an evacuated space. The fabric can be laid on top of or passed continuously over a liquid resin surface, the resin being heated to a temperature at which it flows readily. A pre-preg produced according to the method can be laminated with other pre-preg or fabric layers into board, but several fabric layers can be impregnated together to form a thick pre-preg.

Abstract: A composition for the application of coatings on a substrate having a base of acrylic resin, comprising polymethylmethacrylate dissolved in a solvent composed of at least one ketone selected from methylethylketone and diacetone alcohol and of a chlorinated hydrocarbon selected from trichloroethylene and methylene chloride, the ratio of the volume of chlorinated hydrocarbon to the volume of ketone being at least 20 to 80.

Abstract: A continuous process for producing reinforced resin laminates comprising the steps of impregnating a fibrous substrate with a liquid resin which is free of volatile solvent and is capable of curing without generating liquid and gaseous byproducts, laminating a plurality of the resin-impregnated substrates into a unitary member, sandwiching the laminate between a pair of covering sheets, and curing the laminate between said pair of covering sheets without applying appreciable pressure. The improvement comprises adjusting the final resin content in said resin impregnated substrate at 10 to 90% by weight based on the total weight of said impregnated substrate.

Abstract: A process of forming a film of a fluorine-containing resin on a surface of a metallic substrate, wherein the substrate is coated with the fluorine-containing resin and is placed in a furnace vacuumized to a predetermined degree within a range containing the order of 10.sup.-3 Torr. The vacuumized atmosphere in the furnace is heated at a predetermined heating temperature of the range of from about 330.degree. C. to about 420.degree. C. for a predetermined period of time, whereupon the hot vacuumized atmosphere in the furnace is allowed to cool spontaneously with a vacuum of preferably the same degree maintained in the furnace until the temperature in the furnace reaches a predetermined pre-quenching temperature lower than the heating temperature and, thereafter, an inert gas at ambient temperature is introduced into the furnace for quenching the coating on the substrate.

Abstract: Metallized paper whose metal layer has been deposited by evaporation in vacuo onto a cast-coated paper. The cast coating contains mineral pigments, latex binders and conventional additives, and at least 5 parts by weight of the pigment are a synthetic polymer pigment. The coating material has a pH value >7 and during the process of fabricating the metallized paper it is deposited in such an amount that, after the drying, 10-30 g/m.sup.2 of cast coating are present. The coating material deposited onto a paper web is dried until its moisture content is 5-15% and the web is then pressed with the coated paper surface against a drum with a highly polished surface at a temperature of 100.degree.-160.degree. C. by means of a roll with a nip >1000 N/cm.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for printing indicia on a porous sheet including an enclosure in which a negative static pressure is produced to cause air flow through a perforated work surface of the enclosure. The porous sheet to be printed and an overlying stencil sheet are arranged and held firmly on the perforated work surface by the negative static pressure in the enclosure. In one embodiment, all but selected areas of the perforated work surface, the porous sheet and the stencil sheet are masked to block air flow through the masked areas and concentratingly direct the air flow through the selected areas. A liquid printing medium is sprayed so that it is carried by the inflowing air onto the areas of the porous sheet which are exposed by the stencial sheet cutouts.

Abstract: A transferable dye medium for use in a thermal printer is made by applying a layer of dye material to a base layer; softening the applied layer of dyed material, as by heating same, and then calendering the softened, dye-coated base layer.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for coating a substratum sheet material, such as woven fabrics, by first removing from the substratum material any moisture that does normally exist therein, and then coating the substratum material with a coating composition with no moisture, air or other impurities being trapped between the substratum and the coating. Novel products produced by this process comprise new compositions of sheet materials having improved weathering characteristics including stability against ultraviolet degradation for improved service in highly transparent or translucent coverings for roofs and solar devices.

Abstract: Paper, paperboard or like permeable board is coated with a coating material and aqueous carrier liquid metered over the face thereof and a partial vacuum applied to the opposite surface as the coating is dried by heating. The vacuum improves the surface smoothness of the coating. The coating can be contacted with a casting surface and dried at a faster rate than if no vacuum were applied.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for manufacturing thermal protection material or piece. According to the process of the invention, a first solution is prepared, comprising a dispersant agent non-solvent of the resin, an emulsifying agent in which said fibers are suspended, and a second solution comprising said liquid resin selected from the thermostable and thermosetting resins having a fixed carbon content greater than 45% by weight, an emulsifying agent identical to that used in the first solution, a solvent of the resin and a dispersant medium identical to that used in the first solution and miscible with said solvent, the first and the second solution are mixed until a homogeneous liquid phase is obtained, the material or the piece is formed, drained, dried and hardened by an appropriate baking.Application of the protection material thus obtained for the equipment of a missile propellant stage.

Abstract: A method of sizing a filament in the form of a mat of strand filament wound into a roll by immersing the roll in a ketone solvent containing an unsaturated epoxy resin and polyamine curative therefor followed by removing said ketone under vacuum conditions to unblock said polyamine and allowing it to partially cross-link said epoxy.

Abstract: Resins are prepared from polymers that bear monofunctional or difunctional groups derived from compounds that are condensation products of amino-phenols and acid anhydrides. The polymers are prepared by coreacting aromatic compounds holding two hydroxyl groups, aromatic compounds holding two active halogen groups, and the condensation product of amino-phenol and acid anhydride, the condensation product holding one hydroxyl group. The resulting product has a molecular weight between about 1,000 and 40,000, preferably between about 5,000 and 30,000, and can be cross-linked to form a resin that is thermoplastic and solvent resistant.

Abstract: A wear resistant coating on ceramic or metallic substrates is provided by coating the substrate with a titanium based alloy and then converting the titanium to titanium carbide, titanium nitride, titanium carboxynitride or titanium boride.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of conductive graphite particles useful as an electrically anisotropic support layer for an electroconductive transfer film comprising initially grinding a slurry of graphite particles in the presence of water or a solvent having freezing and vapor pressure properties similar to water, for a period of time sufficient to substantially completely disperse the graphite particles in the water or solvent. A binding or film forming polymer is then added to the graphite slurry, said polymer being soluble in the water or solvent. The resulting slurry is then subjected to a freeze drying step so that the water or solvent present is caused to sublime resulting in the formation of polymeric coated graphite particles of at least 0.2 microns in diameter. These particles can be incorporated into the support layer of a electroconductive transfer film.

Abstract: The invention is a method for depositing liquid-suspended particles on an immersed porous article characterized by interconnected porosity. In one form of the invention, coating is conducted in a vessel containing an organic liquid supporting a colloidal dispersion of graphite sized to lodge in surface pores of the article. The liquid comprises a first volatile component (e.g., acetone) and a second less-volatile component (e.g., toluene) containing a dissolved organic graphite-bonding agent. The liquid also contains an organic agent (e.g., cellulose gum) for maintaining the particles in suspension. A porous carbon article to be coated is immersed in the liquid so that it is permeated therewith. While the liquid is stirred to maintain a uniform blend, the vessel headspace is evacuated to effect flashing-off of the first component from the interior of the article.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for preparing a silicon carbide-coated substrate without subjecting the substrate to unnecessary thermal stress. A coating of a silicon carbide precursor polymer is placed on a substrate and the coating is subjected to a laser beam of sufficient energy to raise the temperature of the coating in the area of impingement of the laser beam to approximately 1200.degree. C. to 1600.degree. C. until the coating is converted into a silicon carbide ceramic material. The area of laser beam impingement is located in an inert atmosphere or vacuum while the reaction is taking place.

Abstract: Method of continuously treating planar textile structures by applying thereto a treatment medium in the form of foam, which includes subsequently applying underpressure to the planar textile structures at a magnitude at which the foam is completely destroyed without any appreciable flow through the material of the planar textile structures.

Abstract: A method of curing an anaerobic resin, which primarily contains acrylic resin, includes externally catalyzing the cure of the resin with a metal-beta keto ester complex having the structural formula: ##STR1## where M is a transition metal; R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, and hydrocarbon substituted aromatic; R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are selected from hydrogen, alkyl groups having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, benzene, naphthalene, anthracene and hydrocarbon substituted aromatic; R.sub.4 is selected from alkyl groups having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and n is equal to the valence of the metal M.

Abstract: An apparatus (10) for applying polymerized coatings to can bodies (12) has a means (13) for applying the coating as a liquid containing a polymerizable or polymer coating material in one or more vacuum liquifiable solvents. The coated can bodies (12) are heated in a confined space (22) a sufficient extent by induction coils (20) to substantially exclude air at entrance (16) to vacuum chamber (18). Second induction coils (28) heat the can bodies (12) further to flash evaporate the remaining vacuum condensable solvent from the coatings and to cure the coatings. The solvent vapor is condensed in the vacuum chamber (18) and condensers (68, 72, 76). A means (50) supplies a sufficient quantity of water at exit (42) from the vacuum chamber (18) to substantially exclude air at the exit (42). The can bodies (12) vaporize the water and the water vapor excludes the air. The water vapor is condensed under the vacuum of the chamber (18) by condenser (52).

Abstract: Resins are prepared from polysulfone and polyethersulfone polymers that bear functional groups derived from compounds that are condensation products of amino-phenols and acid anhydrides. The polymers are prepared by coreacting aromatic compounds holding two hydroxyl groups, aromatic compounds holding two active halogen groups, and the condensation product of amino-phenol and acid anhydride, the condensation product holding one hydroxyl group. The resulting product has a molecular weight between about 1,000 and 40,000, preferably between about 5,000 and 30,000, and can be cross-linked to form a resin that is thermoplastic and solvent resistant.

Abstract: Pre-polymers which are alkoxylated or phenoxylated methylpolysilanes are useful for the preparation of fine grained silicon carbide ceramic materials and silicon carbide-containing ceramics. The pre-polymers exhibit ease of handling and their use to obtain silicon carbide ceramic materials results in high yields.