Abstract: A high-pressure vessel is allowed to be in an initial state, and a first chamber is disposed downward. Copper or copper alloy is placed in the first chamber, and SiC is set in a second chamber. The high-pressure vessel is tightly sealed, and then the inside of the high-pressure vessel is subjected to vacuum suction through a suction pipe. An electric power is applied to a heater to heat and melt the copper or copper alloy in the first chamber. At a stage at which the molten copper in the first chamber arrives at a predetermined temperature, the high-pressure vessel is inverted by 180 degrees to give a state in which SiC is immersed in the molten copper. An impregnating gas is introduced into the high-pressure vessel through a gas inlet pipe to apply a pressure to the inside of the high-pressure vessel. Thus, SiC is impregnated with the molten copper.

Abstract: A substrate which has been subjected to heat processing in any of hot plate units is transferred to a normal cooling unit by a transfer device and subjected to cooling processing to some extent, and then transferred to a high accuracy cooling unit and subjected to cooling processing with high accuracy, and thereafter transferred to any of coating units or a developing units. Thereby, the substrate can be subjected to the cooling processing with high accuracy and thereafter to coating processing with no increase in apparatus cost and with no decrease in throughput.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a sputtering target which comprises sub-stoichiometric titanium dioxide, TiOx, where x is below 2 having an electrical resistivity of less than 0.5 ohm·cm, optionally together with niobium oxide, which process comprises plasma spraying titanium dioxide, TiO2, optionally together with niobium oxide, onto a target base in an atmosphere which is oxygen deficient and which does not contain oxygen-containing compounds, the target base being coated with TiOx, which is solidified by cooling under conditions which prevent the sub-stoichiometric titanium dioxide from combining with oxygen.

Abstract: A glass-impregnated, fiber-reinforced ceramic comprises a ceramic matrix having open voids, inorganic fibers embedded in the ceramic matrix in a regular or irregular orientation, and a glass matrix filling up the open voids in the ceramic matrix. The glass-impregnated, fiber-reinforced ceramic is manufactured by a manufacturing method comprising the steps of forming a fiber-reinforced ceramic comprising the ceramic matrix having open voids, and inorganic fibers embedded in the ceramic matrix, impregnating the fiber-reinforced ceramic with a glass precursor solution containing a glass precursor to stop up the open voids of the ceramic matrix with the glass precursor solution, and subjecting the fiber-reinforced ceramic impregnated with the solution to a heat treatment.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for infiltrating a liquid composition, such as a molten metal or thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer, into a porous solid material, such as a ceramic or porous metal, by contacting the porous material with the liquid composition at a first pressure and then increasing the pressure by at least the critical capillary pressure for the liquid composition/porous solid material system to effect infiltration. The infiltrated liquid composition may then be solidified inside the porous material, such as by cooling, to produce composite materials including ceramic-metal composites as well as ceramic-polymer, metal-polymer, and metal—metal composites.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bacteriostatic dehumidifying element that includes additives which inhibit the growth of microorganisms. The dehumidifying element is produced by a method that comprises the steps of: a) providing a piece of paper, such as facing paper and/or fluted paper; b) immersing the paper in a highly concentrated waterglass solution at a temperature c) in the range of 45-95° C., where said highly concentrated waterglass solution has a viscosity of at least 350 mPa·s at a temperature of 45° C.; d) cooling the immersed paper with air at a temperature of at highest 35° C., aid preferably at highest 25° C.

Abstract: A method for making a non-linear optical polymer layer. The method includes flash evaporating a liquid polymer precursor mixture containing a plurality of non-linear optical molecules forming an evaporate, cryocondensing the evaporate on a substrate forming a cyrocondensed polymer precursor layer, and crosslinking the cryocondensed polymer precursor layer. The surface may be electrically biased for poling during crosslinking.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electrical cable including coating a conductor wire with a heated fused plastic material, spraying a lubricating material onto the surface of the fused plastic material, and cooling the fused plastic material together with the lubricating material. The method is performed using an apparatus including a reel for providing a wire conductor, an extruding head, a tank containing plastic material, a device for applying the lubricating material, a device to cool the plastic material together with the lubricating material, and a reel for taking up the processed cable.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention provides a method of producing a security document, including the steps of: (a) forming a sheet-like substrate of plastics material having first and second opposing surfaces, (b) coating a first layer of polymer material containing magnetic particles on the first opposing surface, (c) melting at least a portion of the first layer such that the magnetic particles can orient under the influence of a magnetic field, (d) applying the magnetic field so as to form a magnetic watermark, and (e) allowing the first layer portion to cool so as to fix the orientation of the magnetic particles

Abstract: A coated glass article which may be heat strengthened with reduced variability in sheet resistance is disclosed. A multi-layer coating is formed on a glass substrate including a base layer of a substantially undoped metal oxide applied over the substrate, and an electrically conductive layer of a doped metal oxide applied directly on the base layer. The same source metal is used for the two layers.

Abstract: The described device is introduced into a plastic container with a narrow opening and serves a plasma enhanced process for treating the inside surface of the container. The device (2) extends between the container opening and the container bottom along the container axis (X) and comprising a gas feed tube (23) for feeding a process gas into the container and permanent magnets (24) for establishing a stationary magnetic field inside the container. The magnets (24) form a column of superimposed magnets which is arranged inside the gas feed tube (23). The north and south poles of each magnet are positioned on opposite sides of the container axis (X). The device may also comprise cooling means (25) for cooling the gas feed tube and the magnets.

Abstract: A method for forming a conductive thin film on an insulating substrate, particularly, a method for selectively heating to conductive thin film on an insulating substrate by using of an induced current is disclosed. The method for forming a conductive thin film on an insulating substrate is characterized by installing a heating means at a predetermined distance from the insulating substrate in a vacuum chamber or on a surface of the insulating substrate opposite to a surface to be formed the conductive thin film for generating Joule heat by inducing currents on the conductive thin film generated by a means for generating alternating magnetic fluxes due to current change and selective heating of the conductive thin film by the heating means during forming the conductive thin film. The selective heating and accelerating particles to be formed the conductive thin film are executed simultaneously or alternatingly.

Abstract: A Method for curing a coating applied to an optical fiber. A water-jacketed UV lamp is provided adjacent a first reflector. An optical fiber is drawn between a second reflector opposite the first reflector and at least one quartz plate, while a cross flow of a cooling gas is passed around the optical fiber. Apertures may be formed in the second reflector for passing the cooling gas while the optical fiber is passed between the second reflector and the at least one quartz plate. Alternatively, two or more quartz plates may be provided and the cooling gas and the optical fiber passed between the quartz plates. The cooling gas experiences laminar flow.

Abstract: A method for producing a polymeric conductive layer on an object comprising the steps of: providing an aqueous composition containing a polythiophene, a polyanion compound and an aprotic compound with a dielectric constant, &egr;, ≧15, applying said composition to said object forming a layer and drying said layer to form a conductive polymeric layer on said object, characterised in that during said production said object and said layer are kept at a temperature below 100° C. and said conductive polymeric layer has a resistivity of at most 2 k&OHgr;/square.

Abstract: This invention is a process and apparatus for producing single crystal, polycrystal or amorphous stand-alone films. The process has two steps: First, thin layers of the desired materials are deposited by VD onto a hot foreign single crystal substrate wafer held by a substrate platter in a pocket formed in such. The second step is to chemically etch away the substrate while still being held by the substrate platter while the film-substrate is still hot. The etch is stopped as soon as all of the foreign substrate is consumed. This leaves just the thin film which is then cooled down to room temperature. The bottom surface of this pocket has a plurality of channels for carrying an etching gas which is input by a central channel in the substrate platter. The reactants that form the stand-alone film are input through an actively cooled effusion cell having a plenum for receiving the reactant gas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of impregnating paper with a suspension of a molecular sieve in waterglass, such as soda waterglass or potassium waterglass, wherein the impregnated paper can be used as a dehumidifying element, and wherein the method comprises the steps of

Abstract: A reactor furnace, in which a plurality of silicon nitride film forming processes have been performed to produce a desired thin film, is changed in temperature from its film-forming temperature to another one lower than the film-forming temperature before an unnecessary silicon nitride film cracks of itself in the reactor furnace, so that the unnecessary silicon nitride film is intentionally subjected to stress and cracked, whereby the unnecessary thin film is relieved from stress. After that, the thus cracked film is covered with another silicon nitride film serving as a repair film, to prevent the unnecessary thin film from producing contaminant particles in forming the desired thin film.

Abstract: The invention relates to a coated metal surface including, successive, at least one layer of polyurethane and at least one layer of thermoplastic polymer, it being possible for a binder to be placed between the polyurethane and the thermoplastic polymer. The invention is useful for covering pipers, electrical cables, telecommunication cables and stay wires.

Abstract: A recessed sputtering target assembly is provided with a bonding material disposed between a dielectric target and a backing plate. The bond line of the bonding material is recessed away from the edges of the target and backing plate, preferably by ¼ inch. The sputtering target assembly may be used during high RF power processes to achieve high deposition rates without arcing of the bonding material or contamination of the sputtering chamber.

Abstract: The method of the present invention for making a non-linear optical polymer layer has the steps of (a) flash evaporating a coating material monomer having a plurality of non-linear optical molecules as an evaporate; (b) cryocondensing the evaporate on a surface; and (c) crosslinking the cryocondensed evaporate. The surface may be electrically biased for poling during crosslinking.

Abstract: A monomer is selected to produce a polymeric film having desirable characteristics for a particular application. The monomer is polymerized under controlled conditions to produce a solid oligomer having those characteristics at a molecular weight suitable for evaporation under vacuum at a temperature lower than its thermal decomposition temperature. The process of polymerization to produce the oligomer is carried out under conditions that yield a finite molecular-chain length with no residual reactive groups. The solid oligomer so produced is liquefied and extruded as a film onto a revolving drum in the evaporation section of a conventional vapor deposition chamber, and it is then cryocondensed on a cold substrate to form a solid thin film having the same desirable characteristic selected in the solid oligomer constituting the starting material.

Abstract: A method of impregnating paper with waterglass, such as soda waterglass or potassium silicate, the impregnated paper being usable as a dehumidifying element, wherein the method includes the steps of a) providing a sheet of paper such as facing paper and/or corrugated paper; b) immersing the paper into a highly concentrated waterglass solution at a temperature within the range of 45-95° C., with the highly concentrated waterglass solution having a viscosity of at least 350 mPa.s at a temperature of 45° C.; and c) cooling the immersed paper with air at a temperature no greater than 35° C. and preferably no greater than 25° C.

Abstract: A method for applying a barrier layer which comprises a barium-strontium aluminosilicate to a silicon containing substrate which inhibits the formation of cracks.

Abstract: There is provided a method for adhering precious metal to vitreous substances or bodies. Precious metal (including but not limited to, gold, palladium or platinum) is deposited or applied to the surface of the vitreous body. After such initial application, which may include a preheating step, the outer skin or membrane of the glass is made plastic and sticky by superheating. This change in viscosity allows the glass to bond to the deposited precious metal. The superheating process is completed quickly before distortion of the contour of the vitreous object and unwanted vaporization of the deposited metal take place. After the superheating process is completed, the object is annealed conventionally to room temperature.

Abstract: The method of the present invention for conformally coating a microtextured surface has the steps of (a) flash evaporating a coating material monomer in an evaporate outlet forming an evaporate; (b) passing the evaporate to a glow discharge electrode creating a glow discharge monomer plasma from the evaporate; and (c) cryocondensing the glow discharge monomer plasma on the microtextured surface and crosslinking the glow discharge monomer plasma thereon, wherein the crosslinking results from radicals created in the glow discharge monomer plasma and achieves self curing.

Abstract: The method of the present invention for making a light emitting polymer has the steps of (a) flash evaporating a coating material monomer together with light emitting particles in an evaporate outlet forming an evaporate; (b) cryocondensing the evaporate; and (c) crosslinking the condensed evaporate. The evaporate may be passed to a glow discharge electrode creating a glow discharge monomer plasma from the evaporate; then (d) cryocondensing the glow discharge monomer plasma on the surface and crosslinking the glow discharge monomer plasma thereon, wherein the crosslinking results from radicals created in the glow discharge monomer plasma and achieves self curing.

Abstract: An improved process for applying aluminide coatings to superalloy components used in gas turbine applications resulting in a more uniform coating with less hazardous waste by-products. The process involves the steps of placing the superalloy components into a retort with an aluminum-containing source, evacuating air from the retort and introducing an inert gas, heating the retort to a preselected temperature, while maintaining the preselected temperature purging the inert gas from the retort by introducing hydrogen gas, while maintaining the preselected temperature, pulsing, by reducing the retort pressure to a preselected pressure below atmospheric pressure, followed by introducing a halide-containing gas to react with the aluminum-containing source to create an aluminum-rich vapor that deposits aluminum on the components, then reintroducing hydrogen gas into the retort to purge the gases within the retort; and cooling the retort.

Abstract: Generally, the method of the present invention has the steps of (a) flash evaporating a liquid monomer forming an evaporate; (b) passing the evaporate to a glow discharge electrode creating a glow discharge monomer plasma from the evaporate; and (c) cryocondensing the glow discharge monomer plasma on a fixture and crosslinking the glow discharge plasma thereon, wherein the crosslinking results from radicals created in the glow discharge plasma and achieves self curing.

Abstract: A process for producing an article having a three-dimensional optical effect comprising a transparent substrate provided with a translucent simulated ice crystal formation having a controlled amount of fern-like patterns along with articles produced by this process.

Abstract: The method of the present invention for making a polymer layer with a selected index of refraction has the steps of (a) flash evaporating a monomer material capable of cross linking into a polymer with the selected index of refraction, forming an evaporate; (b) passing the evaporate to a glow discharge electrode creating a glow discharge monomer plasma from the evaporate; and (c) cryocondensing the glow discharge monomer plasma on a substrate and crosslinking the glow discharge monomer plasma thereon, wherein the crosslinking results from radicals created in the glow discharge monomer plasma and achieves self curing and forms a polymer having the selected index of refraction.

Abstract: A substrate which has been heated to a predetermined temperature by a heating unit during sputtering is transferred into an unload-lock chamber having a vacuum pump system and a vent gas introducing system. The unload-lock chamber is provided with a cooling stage which makes surface contact with the substrate so as to forcedly cool the substrate to a predetermined temperature. The substrate is placed on the cooling stage and forcedly cooled. After the substrate is cooled to the predetermined temperature or lower, the vent gas introducing system is operated so that the interior of the unload-lock chamber is returned to the atmospheric pressure ambient. Since the substrate under a high temperature condition does not make contact with the atmospheric pressure ambient, film properties are prevented from being varied.

Abstract: A solid thin film is formed from a layer of liquid material in such a manner as to fill a contact hole formed in a semiconductor structure; a semiconductor structure is firstly cooled rather than ambience, thereafter, liquid material is spread over the semiconductor structure, then the layer of liquid material is pressed so that the liquid material perfectly fills the contact hole, and, finally, the layer of liquid material is heated so as to form a solid layer from the layer of liquid material.

Abstract: A cost-effective process for providing a copper-based alloy casting, which has superior wear characteristics, to a cylinder block is described. The process includes heating the copper-based alloy to a molten state for immersing the cylinder block within such, while promoting the entrained gas within the copper-based alloy to migrate in a given direction and terminate in a specified portion of the copper-based alloy to effectively control porosity. In one form, the process further includes cooling the immersed cylinder block in the given direction to effectively reduce microshrinkage of the copper-based alloy.