Abstract: An object is to provide a highly reliable light emitting device which is thin and is not damaged by external local pressure. Further, another object is to manufacture a light emitting device with a high yield by preventing defects of a shape and characteristics due to external stress in a manufacture process. A light emitting element is sealed between a first structure body in which a fibrous body is impregnated with an organic resin and a second structure body in which a fibrous body is impregnated with an organic resin, whereby a highly reliable light emitting device which is thin and has intensity can be provided. Further, a light emitting device can be manufactured with a high yield by preventing defects of a shape and characteristics in a manufacture process.

Abstract: Disclosed is an extruder and a method for extruding cord reinforced tire components, wherein the extruder includes an extruder head with a die and a cord guide, wherein the die is provided with a cross sectional profile that defines a first cross section of the extrusion material in the die, wherein the cross sectional profile has a profile height, wherein the cord guide is arranged for guiding the cords into the die at a cord entry height, wherein the extruder head is provided with first heating elements, wherein the extruder comprises a control unit that is operationally connected to the first heating elements for generating an adjustable height temperature gradient in the extrusion material across the profile height to control swelling of the extrusion material relative to the cord entry height from the first cross section to a second cross section after the extrusion material leaves the die.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present invention provides nanosized systems for generating electrical energy based on the use of a chemically reactive composition to generate a thermoelectric wave. For example, the system can include at least one nanostructure (e.g., a carbon nanotube) extending along an axial direction between a proximal end and a distal end. A chemically reactive composition is dispersed along at least a portion of the nanostructure, e.g., along its axial direction, so as to provide thermal coupling with the nanostructure. The chemical composition can undergo an exothermic chemical reaction to generate heat. The system can further include an ignition mechanism adapted to activate the chemical composition so as to generate a thermal wave that propagates along the axial direction of the nanostructure, where the thermal wave is accompanied by an electrical energy wave propagating along the axial direction.

Abstract: Provided is a method of making durable hydrophilic and hierarchical structures containing nano and micro features used as dry adhesives. The method includes introduction of hydrophilic, nanostructured features on the micro-scale tips of fibrillar arrays through UV/Ozone (UVO) and oxygen plasma treatment; the method also includes further coating of the hierarchical structure with a polyelectrolyte via electrostatically-driven self-assembly to improve the hydrophilic stability of the treated fibril tip surfaces.

Abstract: Functionalized multilayer structures are manufactured by a process whereby a substrate material is treated with a reactive-gas plasma to form an activated layer on the surface thereof, and then by depositing a liquid functional monomer on the activated layer to form a self-assembled functional layer. Any excess liquid monomer must be allowed to re-evaporate in order to obtain optimal functionality on the surface of the resulting structure. The deposition of the liquid layer is preferably carried out with high kinetic energy to ensure complete penetration of the monomer throughout the body of the substrate. For particular applications, prior to formation of the reactive layer the substrate may be coated with a high glass-transition temperature polymer or a metallic layer.

Abstract: Systems and methods to pattern surfaces to create regions of variable adhesive force on a superhydrophobic paper surface. By taking advantage of high surface energy sticky islands on a non-sticky superhydrophobic surface, microliter water drops can be registered or confined at specific locations; selected drops can then be transferred to another patterned substrate and the drops mixed and/or allowed to react without the need for pipettes or other fluid transfer tool.

Abstract: A method for continuously processing carbon fiber including establishing a microwave plasma in a selected atmosphere contained in an elongated chamber having a microwave power gradient along its length defined by a lower microwave power at one end and a higher microwave power at the opposite end of the elongated chamber. The elongated chamber having an opening in each of the ends of the chamber that are adapted to allow the passage of the fiber tow while limiting incidental gas flow into or out of said chamber. A continuous fiber tow is introduced into the end of the chamber having the lower microwave power. The fiber tow is withdrawn from the opposite end of the chamber having the higher microwave power. The fiber to is subjected to progressively higher microwave energy as the fiber is being traversed through the elongated chamber.

Abstract: A method of forming a battery separator to be sandwiched between a positive and a negative electrode of a battery is discussed. A polyethylene resin surface is formed on a surface of a nonwoven fabric, which is made of polypropylene resin as a main component material and structured with bonded pieces of the polypropylene resin. The polyethylene resin surface is then subjected to a hydrophilization treatment, such as a radical reaction treatment or a sulfonation treatment. As a result, a secondary battery separator having a high mechanical strength along with a high hydrophilic nature, and a secondary battery using that secondary battery separator are provided.

Abstract: Processes for preparing ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene yarns, and the yarns and articles produced therefrom. The surfaces of highly oriented yarns are subjected to a treatment that enhances the surface energy at the yarn surfaces and are coated with a protective coating immediately after the treatment to increase the expected shelf life of the treatment.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of manufacturing a composite sheet. The method comprises (a) irradiating a sheet of fibers and a matrix film at an irradiation zone with a plasma at substantially atmospheric pressure, and (b) impregnating the sheet of fibers with the matrix at an adhesion zone. The processes (a) and (b) are performed simultaneously, and the matrix film is irradiated with a plasma at said irradiation zone after being unwound from a roller and prior to entering said adhesion zone.

Abstract: Process for surface functionalization of a glass reinforcement, characterized in that the said reinforcements are chemically modified by means of surface treatment by the action of a homogeneous plasma at atmospheric or sub-atmospheric pressure in a controlled, oxidizing or nitriding gas atmosphere, and in that the said surface portion is contacted with an aqueous impregnating solution of an organic or inorganic matrix, or directly with the matrix.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of manufacturing a composite sheet. The method comprises (a) irradiating a sheet of fibers and a matrix film at an irradiation zone with a plasma at substantially atmospheric pressure, and (b) impregnating the sheet of fibers with the matrix at an adhesion zone. The processes (a) and (b) are performed simultaneously, and the matrix film is irradiated with a plasma at said irradiation zone after being unwound from a roller and prior to entering said adhesion zone.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sheet article (1) intended for the application of decorative layers to walls (50) to be decorated, characterised in that it comprises: a substrate (40) formed by an activatable adhesive film; and a layer (20) of material to be painted, disposed on a first face of the substrate (40), said adhesive being temporarily inactive and the second face of the substrate (40) being free.

Abstract: A polyethylene resin surface is formed on a surface of a nonwoven fabric, which is made of polypropylene resin as a main component material and structured with bonded pieces of the polypropylene resin. The polyethylene resin surface is then subjected to a hydrophilization treatment, such as a radical reaction treatment or a sulfonation treatment. As a result, a secondary battery separator having a high mechanical strength along with a high hydrophilic nature, and a secondary battery using that secondary battery separator are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for coating a polymer nonwoven comprising the steps of: plasma and/or corona assisted treatment of the surface of the nonwoven to obtain a charged and/or polar surface; and formation of a first coating layer comprising at least one first charged and/or polar species, the first species being a hydrophilic polymer, wherein the overall charge or partial charge facing the nonwoven surface of the first species carries the opposite sign from the average charge introduced to the nonwoven fiber surface in step a).

Abstract: The application discloses articles and methods of plasma fluorination treatment that employ a capacitively-coupled system to fluorinate porous articles. The methods include placing the article to be treated within an ion sheath adjacent to an electrode and placing the article to be treated between powered and grounded electrodes separated by about 25 mm or less.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for modifying the surface of a membrane by plasma treatment, wherein said method imparts water-repellent and imperviousness properties to said membrane while preserving the steam perviousness and the elastic properties thereof. The method comprises, inter alia, a step of treating the membrane with a plasma of a precursor compound selected from a hydrocarbon gas, a fluorocarbon gas, mixtures thereof, a fluorocarbon liquid, a fluorocarbon solid, wherein the precursor compound is selected in such a way that the F/C ratio is lower than 2, followed by a step of treating the same surface of the substrate from the previous step with a plasma of a fluorocarbon gas selected in such a way that the F/C ratio is at least 2. The invention also relates to the resulting membranes.

Abstract: A method for forming an optically variable device upon a substrate comprises the steps of: patterning a reflective layer on the substrate using an oil-ablation technique; removing oil residue from the first side of the substrate using a first glow discharge; and depositing thin-film layers so as to be supported by the substrate to form the optically variable device. Optionally, oil residue is removed from the second side of the substrate using a second glow discharge.

Abstract: Apparatus, and methods of making and using apparatus, for inserting intraocular lenses (IOLs) are disclosed. The apparatus includes a hollow tube having an interior wall defining a hollow space through which an intraocular lens may be passed from the open space into an eye. A lubricity enhancing component is covalently bonded to the hollow tube at the interior wall in an amount effective to facilitate the passage of the intraocular lens through the hollow space. The lubricity enhancing component includes a substituent component effective to reduce hydrolysis of said lubricity enhancing component relative to an identical lubricity enhancing component without the substituent component.

Abstract: The invention relates to fabrics, comprising fibers and a coating that is covalently bound on the surface of the fibers, characterized in that the fabrics are temperature-stable at 200° C. The invention further relates to methods for the production thereof, fuel cells and gas diffusion layers comprising the fabrics, and to the use thereof in fuel cells and gas diffusion layers.

Abstract: Systematic and effective methodology to clean capacitively coupled plasma reactor electrodes and reduce surface roughness so that the cleaned electrodes meet surface contamination specifications and manufacturing yields are enhanced. Pre-cleaning of tools used in the cleaning process helps prevent contamination of the electrode being cleaned.

Abstract: Method and system for functionalizing a collection of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). A selected precursor gas (e.g., H2 or F2 or CnHm) is irradiated to provide a cold plasma of selected target species particles, such as atomic H or F, in a first chamber. The target species particles are directed toward an array of CNTs located in a second chamber while suppressing transport of ultraviolet radiation to the second chamber. A CNT array is functionalized with the target species particles, at or below room temperature, to a point of saturation, in an exposure time interval no longer than about 30 sec. *Discrimination against non-target species is provided by (i) use of a target species having a lifetime that is much greater than a lifetime of a non-target species and/or (2) use of an applied magnetic field to discriminate between charged particle trajectories for target species and for non-target species.

Abstract: A composite article is provided which comprises a silicone rubber matrix reinforced with a polyaramid textile. The polyaramid textile is bonded to the silicone rubber by a bonding composition that comprises at least an acryloxy organosilane. The article is manufactured by dipping polyaramid textile into an organosilane dip that comprises an acyrloxy organosilane. The so-dipped polyaramid textile is then bonded to silicone rubber.

Abstract: Method and system for functionalizing a collection of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). A selected precursor gas (e.g., H2 or F2 or CnHm) is irradiated to provide a cold plasma of selected target particles, such as atomic H or F, in a first chamber. The target particles are directed toward an array of CNTs located in a second chamber while suppressing transport of ultraviolet radiation to the second chamber. A CNT array is functionalized with the target particles, at or below room temperature, to a point of saturation, in an exposure time interval no longer than about 30 sec.

Abstract: Optical fiber ribbon having an optical fiber with a radiation curable internal coating and a radiation curable colored coating disposed to surround the internal coating, and a radiation curable matrix material surrounding one or more of the optical fibers to form a ribbon, in which: the colored coating has a degree of adhesion to the inner coating which is higher than the degree of adhesion to the matrix material; and the optical fiber in the optical fiber ribbon shows, upon aging of the ribbon for at least two weeks in water at 60° C., an increase in the attenuation of the transmitted signal at 1550 nm of less than 0.05 db/km with respect to the attenuation of the assembled optical fiber measured before aging.

Abstract: A method of coating a substrate for a high temperature superconductor material is disclosed, including loading a substrate into a first deposition chamber, routing the substrate in the first deposition chamber such that the substrate forms a helical winding in the first deposition chamber, and depositing a first buffer layer to overlie the substrate as the substrate translates along the helical winding. The buffer layer has a biaxial crystallographic texture.

Abstract: The present invention is a deposition system for the production of coated substrates that provides a first deposition process that subsequently feeds a second deposition process and where the two deposition processes are occurring concurrently. The consecutive deposition system includes two dynamically isolated deposition chambers. The substrate is helically wrapped about a cooling block within the first deposition chamber such that the tape is exposed to a deposition zone a number of times sufficient to correspond to the desired film thickness. A shielding element may be included in the second deposition chamber to limit the size of the second chamber deposition zone and thus the film thickness of the second coating layer.

Abstract: The application discloses methods of plasma treatment that employ an ion sheath in a capacitively-coupled system to increase the hydrophilicity of porous articles, including microporous articles having pore sizes of 0.05 to 1.5 micrometers, both on their surfaces and in their pores such that the articles' bulk wetting properties are improved.

Abstract: Coating compositions, methods and articles of manufacture comprising a nanoparticle system employing same to impart surface modifying benefits for all types of soft surfaces, and in some cases, hard surfaces, are disclosed. In some embodiments, dispersement of nanoparticles in a suitable carrier medium allows for the creation of coating compositions, methods and articles of manufacture that create multi-use benefits to the modified surfaces. These surface modifications can produce long lasting or semi-permanent multi-use benefits that, in some embodiments, may include at least one of the following improved surface properties: cleaning, wettability, liquid strike-through, comfort, stain resistance, soil removal, malodor control, modification of surface friction, reduced damage to abrasion and color enhancement, relative to the surfaces unmodified with such nanoparticle systems.

Abstract: A substrate containing a natural polymeric material is modified by: A) treating the substrate containing the natural polymeric material with a modifying agent selected from the group consisting of organo-functional coupling agents and multi-functional amine containing organic compounds; and B) optionally exposing the substrate containing natural polymeric material with one or more treatments selected from the consisting of: i) subjecting the substrate to extraction with a solvent to reduce the content of extractable materials associated with the natural polymeric material prior to or during treatment with the modifying agent; ii) treatment with a physical field selected from static physical fields, high-frequency alternating physical fields and combinations of two or more thereof either prior to, during or after treatment with the modifying agent; and iii) oxidation of at least part of the natural polymeric material prior to or during treatment with the modifying agent.

Abstract: A method of modifying a polymeric material which comprises the steps of activation-treatment and a hydrophilic polymer-treatment, or comprises the steps of activation-treatment, a hydrophilic polymer-treatment, and monomer grafting in this order, or comprises the step of a solvent-treatment followed by these steps. Thus, the polymeric material, e.g., polyolefin, is improved in hydrophilicity, adhesion, etc. without lowering the practical strength thereof. The polymeric material thus improved in adhesion and other properties can be used in many applications where water absorption and adhesion are required, such as an absorption material, e.g., a wiping/cleansing material, a water retention material, a material for microorganism culture media, a separator for batteries (or cells), a synthetic paper, a filter medium, a textile product for clothing, a medical/sanitary/cosmetic supply, and reinforcing fibers for composite materials.

Abstract: A method is provided for surface treating a porous sheet material. The surface treatment involves contacting at least one porous surface of the film with plasma at atmospheric pressure and a plasma generating electrode frequency of greater than 1 MHz. This method provides treatment which penetrates into the pores of the sheet material.

Abstract: Coating an implantable device, such as micro electromechanical devices, is highly desirable to protect the implantable device from corrosion. A coating method includes depositing, preferably by plasma glow discharge, a reactant monomer on at least one surface of an implantable device, preferably at ambient temperature. The method will likely decrease the manufacturing time required for assembling such devices because completely assembled devices can be coated.

Abstract: A porous article wherein a sulfur containing atomic group is introduced onto at least a part of outer-inner surfaces of the article, a ratio (S/C) of the number of sulfur atoms (S) to the number of carbon atoms (C) on the surface onto which the sulfur containing atomic group is introduced is 7×10−4 or more, a ratio (O/C) of the number of oxygen atoms (O) to the number of carbon atoms (C) on the surface onto which the sulfur containing atomic group is introduced is 0.2 or more, and the ratio (S/C) and the ratio (O/C) are determined by means of an X-ray photoelectron spectrophotometer is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of strongly adherent coatings on an inorganic or organic substrate that comprises, in a first step a) subjecting the inorganic or organic substrate to the action of a low-temperature plasma discharge, a corona discharge, high-energy UV radiation or electron radiation, then discontinuing the radiation or discharge; in a further step b) under vacuum or at normal pressure, applying one or more photoinitiators containing at least one ethylenically unsaturated group to the inorganic or organic substrate, and allowing reaction with the free-radical sites formed there; and c1) coating the substrate so precoated with photoinitiator with a composition comprising at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer or oligomer, and curing the coating by means of UV/VIS radiation or c2) depositing a metal, semi-metal oxide or metal oxide from the gaseous phase, in the presence of UV light, on the substrate so precoated with photoinitiator.

Abstract: A method of preparing a sterilized nonwoven web, which method includes providing a nonwoven web; coating the nonwoven web with from about 0.005 to about 3 percent by weight, based on the weight of the web, of an antistatic agent; and exposing the coated nonwoven web to an oxidizing gas plasma. The antistatic agent is adapted to be free of a malodor after exposure of the coated nonwoven web to the oxidizing gas plasma. The antistatic agent may be further adapted to provide a sterilized nonwoven web having a hydrohead value as measured by Method 5514 of Federal Test Method Standard No. 191A which is at least 50 percent of the hydrohead value of the coated nonwoven web before exposure to the oxidizing gas plasma. The antistatic agent also may be adapted to provide a sterilized nonwoven web having a surface resistivity in ohms which is lower than the surface resistivity in ohms of the coated nonwoven web before exposure of the coated nonwoven web to the oxidizing gas plasma.

Abstract: A system for applying a fluid coating onto a substrate includes forming a fluid wetting line by introducing a stream of fluid onto a first side of the substrate along a laterally disposed fluid-substrate contact area. An electrical force is created on the fluid from an electrical field (originating from electrical charges which are on the second side of the substrate) that is substantially at and downstream of the fluid wetting line. The electrical field can be generated by charges that have been transferred to the second side of the substrate from a remote charge generator.

Abstract: A rod-like or thread-like material is subjected to a plasma treatment by passing the material coaxially through a plasma nozzle while generating plasma therein.

Abstract: A controlled elastic composite material which is produced by forming a flexible elastomer layer or layers on one or both surfaces of at least one member selected from the group consisting of (a) a longitudinally monoaxially oriented reticular web, (b) a transversally monoaxially oriented reticular web, (c) a woven or non-woven fabric composed of monoaxially oriented tapes, and (d) a stretched long fiber web in which long fibers are aligned almost in one direction.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of promoting the adhesion of textiles to rubber compounds through a vinyl compound plasma pre-treatment procedure and a subsequent application of resorcinol-formaldehyde latex (RFL) to the textile surface. The inventive method encompasses a process through which free radicals of compounds comprising strong carbon--carbon bonds form a film over textile films and then covalently bonded to the resin component of the RFL. Such a method thus produces an extremely strong and versatile adhesive that facilitates adhesion between rubber compounds and heretofore unusable or difficult-to-use textiles. The resultant textile/rubber composites are utilized as reinforcements within such materials as automobile tires, fan belts, conveyor belts, and the like. Such materials and composites are also contemplated within this invention.

Abstract: A method for enhancing the absorbency, hand-feel, or both of an article made from fibers having a spin finish thereon, where the spin finish decreases the hand-feel desirability and decreases the absorbency of the article. The method involves subjecting the article to corona treatment for a period of time sufficient to enhance the absorbency, hand-feel, or both of the article. The article produced by subjecting a substrate made of fibers having a finish thereon to corona treatment for a period of time sufficient to enhance the absorbency, hand-feel, or both of the substrate. A method of disposing of such articles by contacting the articles with a hot liquid, such as water, for a period of time sufficient to disperse or dissolve the article. Hot water soluble, cold water insoluble poly(vinyl) alcohol is one suitable fiber material.

Abstract: Antimicrobial activity is imparted to the surface(s) of an apparatus or article by a method, comprising:copolymerizing tertbutylaminoethyl methacrylate with at least one other aliphatically unsaturated monomer in the presence of said apparatus or article by which adhesion of the copolymer to said surface(s) is achieved. In an embodiment of the invention, adhesion of the polymer coating on the apparatus or article occurs by graft copolymerization.

Abstract: A coated porous substrate composed of a hydrophobic polymer which is substantially uniformly coated with a hydrophilic polymeric material. The substrate may be a sheet-like material, examples of which are foams, fibers, and fibrous webs. The fibrous webs desirably will be nonwoven webs. The coating on the substrate is durable to an aqueous medium at a temperature in a range of from about 10.degree. C. to about 50.degree. C. and does not significantly suppress the surface tension of an aqueous medium with which the coated substrate may come in contact. The hydrophobic polymer may be a polyolefin, such as polyethylene or polypropylene. The hydrophilic polymeric material with which the polymer fibers are coated may be a polysaccharide or a modified polysaccharide. Also provided is a method of preparing a coated porous substrate which involves providing a porous substrate composed of a hydrophobic polymer. At least a portion of the substrate then is exposed to a field of reactive species.

Abstract: A thin film coating system incorporates separate, separately-controlled deposition and reaction zones for depositing materials such as refractory metals and forming oxides and other compounds and alloys of such materials. The associated process involves rotating or translating workpieces past the differentially pumped, atmospherically separated, sequentially or simultaneously operated deposition and reaction zones and is characterized by the ability to form a wide range of materials, by high throughput, and by controlled coating thickness, including both constant and selectively varied thickness profiles.

Abstract: An article which comprises (1) a composite comprising a polyurethane matrix including fibrous or particulate reinforcement, the polyurethane matrix being formed in situ about the reinforcement by reaction of polyurethane forming components at a temperature below the melting point of the reinforcement and (2) a polymeric film bound to at least one surface of the composite, the film being bound to the composite by adhesion to the polyurethane matrix which emerges or is enhanced as the matrix is formed in situ.

Abstract: A nonwoven web having improved particulate barrier properties is provided. A surface treatment having a breakdown voltage no greater than 13 KV direct current is present on the nonwoven web. The particulate barrier properties are improved by subjecting said surface treatment treated nonwoven web to corona discharge.

Abstract: A plasma sterilizable fabric which is subjected to charging, for example electrostatic charging, is provided. Plasma sterilizable fabrics may include nonwovens and laminate nonwovens. The plasma sterilizable fabrics may also be treated with an antistatic material before or after subjecting the same to charging.

Abstract: A thin fluoropolymer film is covalently bonded to a microporous ptfe film to make a bilayer for separation, filtration or reverse osmosis, by exposing the microporous film to perfluorocyclohexane under plasma. The perfluorocyclohexane molecules undergo scission and the fragments combine on the substrate to make a fluoropolymer film wherein the pores of the substrate have not been completely closed by the coating.

Abstract: Treatment in a plasma of a composite reinforcing agent improves the bonding of the agent to the cement portion of the composite. This method facilitates the use of inexpensive readily available light, high tensile strength fibers as reinforcing agents. The reinforcing agents are activated by providing on the surface thereof charged atoms compatible with the cementitious portion of a composite desired to be strengthened.

Abstract: A gas plasma treated porous medium and method of using such a medium to separate or remove materials such as components of biological fluids.