Abstract: Structures containing conducting polymers and methods of fabrication thereof. Electrical conductivity can be induced in polymers selected from the group of substituted and unsubstituted polyanilines, polyparaphenylenvinyles, substituted and unsubstituted polythiophenes substituted and unsubstituted poly-p-phenylene sulfides, substituted polyfuranes, substituted polypyrroles, substituted polyselenophene, polyacetylines formed from soluble precursors, combinations thereof and blends thereof with other polymers. The polymer contains a doping precursor, selected from the group of onium salts, iodonium salts, triflate salts, borate salts and tosylate salts and sulfonoxylimides. Conductivity can be selectively induced in the polymer by selectivly doping upon selective exposure to a source of energy such as electromagnetic radiation, an electron beam and heat.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
June 20, 1991
Date of Patent:
April 6, 1993
Assignee:
International Business Machines Corporation
Inventors:
Marie Angelopoulos, Wu-Song Huang, Richard D. Kaplan, Marie-Annick Le Corre, Stanley E. Perreault, Jane M. Shaw, Michel R. Tissier, George F. Walker
Abstract: A method is provided for measuring and regulating the quantity of coating in surface sizing or pigmenting of paper or board, wherein the coating agent is spread by means of a coating device in the form of a film onto the face of a roll in a size press. The film is transferred from the roll face onto the paper or board in the size press nip. A fluorescent marker agent is mixed into the roll coating or into the coating agent and the measurement of the coating quantity is carried out by means of X-ray fluorescence technique from the face of the size press roll before the film of coating agent is transferred onto the web.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
November 19, 1990
Date of Patent:
November 10, 1992
Assignee:
Valmet Paper Machinery Inc.
Inventors:
Rauno Rantanen, Juha Mykkanen, Markku Lummila