Abstract: The steam turbine components having erosion resistant multiple treatments are disclosed. The components include a ferrous substrate having an integral boride layer which typically reduces the underlying fatigue strength of the substrate and includes cracks or defects disposed therein. The boride layer is coated with a sealing layer to substantially cover the cracks or defects for improving the surface erosion resistance and restorings the substrate fatigue strength of the steam turbine component.

Abstract: An arc magnetron is described in which an edge magnet arrangement is displaceable in the axial direction relative to a preferably fixedly mounted center pole permanent magnet so that a cathode sputtering process and/or an arc discharge process can be realized in dependence on the relative position of the edge magnet arrangement and the center pole magnet.

Abstract: A laser beam 5 is directed to a target made of an oxide superconductor to allow a target spot which is irradiated with the beam to be evaporated and a matter which is evaporated to be deposited as a thin film on the surface of a substrate 3 at which time excited oxygen is supplied to or near a thin film deposition site on the substrate 3. In this way, an oxide superconductor thin film is formed on the substrate with oxygen atoms incorporated in the crystal structure of the thin film.

Abstract: In a typical arc discharge ion plating apparatus, ionbombardment heating is used for preheating of the workpieces before coating. While this method is simple and effective for heating, such method has many essential problems for vacuum coating films. To improve the vacuum arc discharge coating process, a heating device is provided in the vacuum chamber with the heating device being used instead of ionbombardment heating so that, prior to the vacuum coating, the workpiece is heated up to a temperature in a range of 0.3 to 0.5 of an absolute melting temperature of the coating material of the cathode.