Abstract: A pad element may include a base member, a pair of cover layers, and a plurality of insert elements. The base member defines a plurality of apertures. The cover layers are secured to opposite surfaces of the base member and extend across the apertures. The insert elements are located within the apertures and between the cover layers. As examples, the base member and the insert elements may be formed from polymer foam materials, and the cover layers may be formed from textile materials. The pad element may be utilized to attenuate impact forces and provide one or more of breathability, flexibility, a relatively low overall mass, and launderability.

Abstract: A wiring board is formed with a substrate designating either the upper surface or the lower surface as a first surface and the other as a second surface; an electronic component arranged inside the substrate; and a first conductive layer formed on the first-surface side of the substrate by means of a first insulation layer made up of a first lower insulation layer and a first upper insulation layer. In such a wiring board, the first lower insulation layer and the first upper insulation layer are made of different materials from each other. Moreover, the first lower insulation layer is positioned on the first surface of the substrate and the electronic component, and the material that forms the first lower insulation layer fills a clearance between the substrate and the electronic component.

Abstract: A reflecting resin sheet provides a reflecting resin layer at the side of a light emitting diode element and includes a first release substrate and the reflecting resin layer provided on one surface in a thickness direction of the first release substrate. In the first release substrate and the reflecting resin layer, a through hole extending therethrough in the thickness direction is formed corresponding to the light emitting diode element so as to allow an inner circumference surface of the through hole in the reflecting resin layer to be disposed in opposed relation to a side surface of the light emitting diode element.

Abstract: An electroluminescent article is described, wherein the article includes one or more electroluminescent structures, which may in some embodiments be discontinuous from each other. The article further includes one or more retroreflective structures and, optionally, a removable carrier film disposed over the electroluminescent structures and the retroreflective structures. In some embodiments, the retroreflective structures may be disposed at least partially in the light path capable of being emitted by one or more of the electroluminescent structures. Exemplary articles may, optionally, include connectors between electroluminescent structures that comprise conductive adhesive. Exemplary articles according to the present disclosure may be disposed in roll form. The present disclosure also includes methods for making such articles.

Abstract: The invention concerns an under-roof screen (100) comprising: a first layer (102) produced from a first metallic or metallized material forming a thermal reflection barrier; a second layer (108) produced from a second woven material bonded to the first layer (102); a third layer (106) produced from a third insulating material and bonded to the second layer (108); and a fourth layer (104) produced from a fourth metallic or metallized material forming a thermal reflection barrier and bonded to the third layer (106); the first layer (102) and the second layer (108) being provided with micro-perforations (110) providing permeability to water vapor and impermeability to water and the fourth layer (104) being provided with perforations (112) providing permeability to water vapor.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a leather-like sheet having excellent water absorbability (sweat absorbability, defined the same hereinafter), providing a natural leather-like touch, and suitably used as a ball covering or a non-slip covering, without lowering surface wear resistance. An aspect of the invention is directed to a leather-like sheet including a base material having an entangled fiber sheet; and a porous elastic resin layer laminated on a surface of the base material. The porous elastic resin layer has a concave-convex surface. The concave-convex surface of the porous elastic resin layer includes a projection having a top surface and a side surface, and a recess having a bottom surface contiguous to the side surface. The top surface of the projection has openings with a diameter from 10 to 500 nm at a density of 1,000 openings/mm2 or more.

Abstract: An absorbent covering (1) has high damping power, secured on a structure (2) and includes a dissipater mesh made up of a plurality of dissipating elements (3) and of nodes (4) each having its bottom end (4?) secured on the structure (2). In remarkable manner, the bottom ends (4?) of the nodes (4) project from the dissipating elements (3) so as to leave an empty space (5) between the dissipating elements (3) and the structure (2), the absorbent covering (1) including main absorbent elements (6) arranged in the empty space (5), each of the main absorbent elements (6) being secured firstly to a bottom face (3?) of a dissipating element (3) and secondly to the structure (2).

Abstract: A method making an elastic nonwoven composite that contains an elastic film laminated to one or more nonwoven web materials is provided. The method includes forming an elastic film from a polymer composition and passing the film and a nonwoven web material, the nonwoven material having a basis weight from about 5 gsm to about 30 gsm, through a nip formed by at least one patterned roll. The patterned roll includes raised bonding elements repeating in the machine direction, the elements being spaced in the machine direction by less than about 760 micrometers. At the nip, the film and the nonwoven web material are concurrently melt fused while the film is under tension at a stretch ratio of about 1.5 or more in the machine direction.

Abstract: A scent emitting patch remains securely attached to the skin of a wearer and is appointed for controlled release of scents. The patch is constructed having an external top layer and backing layer with a skin-contacting portion. The skin-contacting segment contains an adhesive. At least one reservoir comprising pockets or microcapsules containing a scent is disposed in at least one portion of the backing layer. These pockets or microcapsules are operative to rupture upon application of pressure or scratching by the patch wearer. Upon rupture, scent is delivered to the skin to emit aroma. Pockets containing the scent are formed in the backing layer. Microcapsules, if present, are preferably incorporated in the adhesive. A plethora of aromas are provided in the form of a perfume or cologne and correlating shapes can be used to form the patch. Scent is released at the skin-contact interface when pressure is applied ruptures the pockets or microcapsules, permitting controlled release at the wearer's election.

Abstract: Described herein are microperforated polymeric films comprising: opposed first and second surfaces separated by a first certain distance (40a); and a plurality of channels perpendicular to the first and second surfaces, wherein a first opening (20a-c) of a channel intersects the first surface and a second opening (22a-c) of the channel intersects the second surface; wherein the diameter of the first opening is larger than the diameter of the second opening and the second openings on the second surface are spaced apart by a second certain distance (50a); wherein the ratio of the first certain distance to the second certain distance is at least 0.25; and further wherein the second surface has an open area of at least 10%. Also described are methods of making and using such microperforated polymeric films.

Abstract: Herein disclosed are embodiments of an insulating device adapted for use with at least one heat source which may have at least one projection on an end thereof. In one embodiment, the insulating device includes a plurality of insulating cap modules. The modules may assemble together to form an insulating cap that substantially covers the end. Each of the insulating cap modules may have least one aperture that allows passage of the at least one projection when assembled. Further disclosed is a kit comprising an insulating device and a method of making an insulating device.

Abstract: A welding arrangement for plastic components includes a base member, a primary member abutting onto the base member and provided with a first positioning feature that engages a corresponding first positioning feature provided on the base member. A secondary member is vibration welded to the base member so as to at least partly interpose the primary member between the secondary member and base member. Because the welding is performed while the primary member is properly positioned relative to the base member on account of the first positioning feature cooperating with the corresponding first positioning feature, the positional precision of the primary member is ensured. The primary member may be additionally provided with a second positioning feature that engages a corresponding second positioning feature provided on the secondary member, so as to permit positional adjustment between them in a prescribed direction corresponding to a direction of movement of the vibration welding.

Abstract: A spacer element for use in an orthopedic or prosthetic device includes an apertured fabric layer having first and second fabric layers. A discrete and continuous web-like frictional layer is laminated onto the first fabric layer and has greater frictional properties than the fabric layer. The frictional layer has a plurality of apertures arranged in a pattern in direct correspondence to a pattern of the first surface layer apertures. A compressible material layer has opposed first and second surfaces, wherein the first surface is secured to the second surface layer. The compressible material layer has a first compression molded region with reduced thickness and increased density relative to a second region of the compressible material having a predetermined thickness.

Abstract: The invention relates to a perforated film composition, comprising at least three layers, and wherein at least one layer is a inner layer with a softening and/or melting temperature, lower than the respective softening and/or melting temperatures of at least two outer layers, located at opposite surfaces of the inner layer, and where upon exposure to elevated temperature, the inner layer softens or melts to such an extent, that upon exposure to a compression force, a sufficient number of perforations seal in the inner layer, to impart an increased moisture barrier to the overall film composition. The invention also relates to a method of forming such a perforated film composition, packages prepared from the same, and a method of filling packages prepared from the perforated film composition.

Abstract: A gas diffusion layer, a manufacturing apparatus and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The gas diffusion layer having different hydrophilic/hydrophobic structure and channel therein can be manufactured quickly and easily by using a coating mask. The gas diffusion layer is used in various fuel cells to enhance the ability of water management and to solve the problem of flooding at the cathode, the problem of water deficit at the anode, and the problem of gas transfer. The gas diffusion layer includes a gas diffusion medium having a first property and a micro porous layer having a second property. The micro porous layer is formed on one surface of the gas diffusion medium. The micro porous layer has a plurality of channel layers penetrating the gas diffusion medium. One of the first property and the second property is hydrophilic, and the other is hydrophobic.

Abstract: An insulation board for a resistor grid and methods for manufacturing the same are disclosed. The insulation board consists of a plurality of longitudinal voids. One or more longitudinal structural members are disposed in the longitudinal voids. The longitudinal structural members may be shaped to conform to the shape of the longitudinal voids. The method of constructing the insulation board includes providing a profiled block and inserting one or more longitudinal structural members in the longitudinal voids. Alternatively, the insulation board may be constructed by providing one or more longitudinal structural members and molding a profiled block over the longitudinal structural members. One or more rows of transverse pin holes may be provided along the length of the insulation board for engaging pins of resistive elements of the resistor grid.

Abstract: A security document precursor including one or more lamellae provided with two or more holes near a perimeter edge surface of the precursor, wherein the holes perforate the largest surface of the one or more lamellae, and wherein at least one of the holes is filled with a coloured material which differs in colour from at least one of the one or more lamellae, such that the coloured material is visible from a direction perpendicular on the perimeter edge surface; wherein at least one of the one or more lamellae is transparent or translucent: or wherein at least one of the one or more lamellae is opaque and the opaque part of the at least one of the one or more lamellae between the perimeter edge and the hole filled with a coloured material has been removed. A security document and a method of preparing the security document precursor are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for reinforcing a predetermined edge region of a hole in a hole region of a workpiece, the edge region comprising an edge of the hole, the hole region comprising thermoplastically bound fibres, preferably a thermoplastically bund fibre tangle, comprising the steps: providing the workpiece with a softened thermoplastic binder at least in the hole region, penetrating the hole region of the workpiece in a penetration direction with displacement of fibres with a spike, after penetration: scraping fibres from the spike contrary to the penetration direction by a scraper part mobile relative to the spike, and compacting the predetermined edge region surrounding the spike with a pressing surface of the scraper part relative to workpiece regions of the hole region located radially outside the edge region.

Abstract: An article includes a cover tape, which includes a base film layer, tear enabling features, and an adhesive. The base film layer has opposed longitudinal edges and top and bottom surfaces. The tear enabling features are substantially parallel to the longitudinal edges and at the top and bottom surfaces.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a circuit substrate includes the following steps. A dielectric layer is formed on at least one surface of a substrate. An insulating layer is formed on the dielectric layer. A portion of the insulating layer and a portion of the dielectric layer are removed, so as to form at least one blind via in the dielectric layer and the insulating layer. An electroless plating layer is formed on the sidewall of the blind via and a remaining portion of the insulating layer, wherein the binding strength between the insulating layer and the electroless plating layer is greater than that between the dielectric layer and the electroless plating layer. A patterned conductive layer is plated to cover the electroless plating layer.

Abstract: Forming a perforated sheet which comprises a foil component and at least one flexible non-stick coating applied onto a surface of the foil component, wherein a plurality of apertures are then punched through the foil component and the at least one flexible non-stick coating to create a set of colored sequins and confetti with different colors on opposite surfaces.

Abstract: A composite molded article comprising: a main body portion including, a bottom wall portion formed of an elastically deformable polymer material, and a peripheral wall portion protruding so as to surround a peripheral edge of the bottom wall portion and formed of an elastically deformable polymer material; a vent hole passing through the bottom wall portion; and a gas permeable membrane integrally connected to the main body portion and is permeable to gas but is impermeable to liquid, wherein the gas permeable membrane is arranged to the bottom wall portion so as to cover the vent hole and connected to the bottom wall portion at a periphery of the vent hole, and wherein the bottom wall portion includes at least one rigid body portion which is more difficult to be deformed than the bottom wall portion at an outer peripheral part of the gas permeable membrane.

Abstract: To provide a substrate for light-emitting element, which is excellent in the planarity of the mounting surface to be provided with a light-emitting element, has a low heat resistance and can suppress the tilt of the light-emitting element. A substrate for light-emitting element, which comprises a substrate main body 2 made of a sintered product of a glass ceramics composition comprising a glass powder and a ceramics filler and having a mounting surface 21, of which a part constitutes a mounting portion 22 on which a light-emitting element is to be mounted, and thermal vias 6 embedded in the substrate main body 2 and extending from a non-mounting surface 23 which is a surface opposite to the mounting surface 21 to the vicinity of the mounting surface 21 so as not to be in contact with the mounting surface 21.

Abstract: A waterproof seal includes a first body and a second body. The first body is formed by inserting molding, and includes a first metal plate inside. The first body further includes a first flat surface, and defines a first groove in the first flat surface. The second body is formed by inserting molding, and includes a second metal plate inside. The second body further includes a second flat surface matching the first flat surface, and defines a second groove in the second flat surface. When the first flat surface clings to the second flat surface, a gap is formed between the first body and the second body for allowing a flexible printed circuit board to extend through.

Abstract: A composite of a metal and a resin, in which a shaped metal and a shaped thermoplastic resin are integrally joined by injection molding, and in which the perpendicular precision of the thermoplastic shaped body with respect to the shaped metal is improved, as well as a method for manufacturing the composite. A composite 40 of a metal and a resin is composed of a shaped metal 20 and a shaped thermoplastic resin that is integrally joined to this shaped metal 20 by injection molding. The shaped thermoplastic resin comprises a seat 42 and a boss 41 that protrudes from the seat 42. A runner 43 is provided which communicates with the seat 42 via two sprues and through which a molten thermoplastic resin that has been injected through an injection gate 45 flows into the boss 41 and the thermoplastic resin injected through the injection gate 45 flows through the sprues 47 to opposite locations of the boss 41 substantially uniformly, thereby filling the locations.

Abstract: A device and method to repair a structural component. The device includes a plug that bonds to the structural component. The plug includes a flange and a solid shank extending from the flange, the solid shank being disposable in an opening of the structural component. The device further includes disc that bonds to the structural component such that, when bonded, the disc covers the solid shank of the plug. The method includes bonding the plug to the structural component such that the solid shank of the plug is disposed in the opening of the structural component. The method further includes bonding the disc to the structural component.

Abstract: Foamable material is mounted in a first cavity defining component by providing the foamable material on a foil and by the provision of retaining means in the cavity defining component and matching attachment means in the foil so that the foil/foamable material laminar structure is retained in place and the cavity is formed with a second cavity defining component and the foamable material then foamed to produce a foam filled cavity.

Abstract: Composite webs having one or more elastic composite structures located on a substrate, methods of manufacturing the composite webs, and articles including the elastic composite structures and substrates are disclosed. The elastic composite structures may preferably include one or more elastic components attached to anchors at two or more locations, wherein the anchors are themselves attached to the substrate. The anchors may preferably be constructed of inelastic polymeric material (and/or exhibit limited to no elasticity in use) and the elastic components may preferably be constructed of elastomeric polymeric material.

Abstract: An image capture lens is equipped with: a diaphragm which is formed on a substrate, adjusts a light quantity, and has a predetermined aperture; an inorganic or organic adhesion layer formed on the substrate such that the diaphragm is exposed; and a resin part which has a lens part made from a curable resin. The resin part is directly joined to the inorganic or organic adhesion layer and diaphragm. The surface of the substrate on which the diaphragm is formed is subjected to a modification treatment so that a water contact angle is within a range of 3° to 30°.

Abstract: A surface covering that is a multilayered composite material. The multilayer composite material includes a top facing layer of polymeric film and a bottom layer of unsupported foam.

Abstract: The invention provides breathable laminated articles, preferably free from harmful halogens and plasticizers, which can be constructed and arranged to be usable for any application, such as wallcoverings, where breathability and being free from harmful halogens and/or plasticizers is advantageous. For example, the breathable laminated article can be made from a non-woven, breathable backing layer of material, the backing layer having a plurality of microprojections on a first side, coupled along the first side to a top layer, where the top layer may or may not be breathable, to form an assembly. This assembly has at least one variation formed in the level of the surface of the first side of the first layer, wherein the variation in level is formed such that the microprojections penetrate at least a portion of the top layer to form microapertures that improve the breathability of the top layer.

Abstract: A spacer element for use in an orthopedic or prosthetic device includes an apertured fabric layer having first and second fabric layers. A discrete and continuous web-like frictional layer is laminated onto the first fabric layer and has greater frictional properties than the fabric layer. The frictional layer has a plurality of apertures arranged in a pattern in direct correspondence to a pattern of the first surface layer apertures. A compressible material layer has opposed first and second surfaces, wherein the first surface is secured to the second surface layer. The compressible material layer has a first compression molded region with reduced thickness and increased density relative to a second region of the compressible material having a predetermined thickness.

Abstract: A nanotube-based insulator is provided having thermal insulating properties. The insulator can include a plurality of nanotube sheets stacked on top of one another. Each nanotube sheet can be defined by a plurality of carbon nanotubes. The plurality of carbon nanotubes can be configured so as to decrease normal-to-plane thermal conductivity while permitting in-plane thermal conductivity. A plurality of spacers can be situated between adjacent nanotube sheets so as to reduce interlayer contact between the nanotubes in each sheet. The plurality of spacers can be ceramic or alumina dots or provided by texturing the nanotube sheets.

Abstract: One or more types of ink retention layers for a one-way vision display panel and methods are provided. In one example, a one-way vision display panel assembly includes a perforated panel formed of a flexible material. The perforated panel having a front surface, a rear surface and a plurality of through holes extending from the front surface to the rear surface. An ink retention layer is located adjacent to the perforated panel. The ink retention layer includes a light reflective material that retains residual ink from an image applied to the front surface of the perforated panel. The one-way vision display panel may further include a releasing layer or a backing layer, or both.

Abstract: A taped component includes a career tape having an upper surface having recesses provided therein, and products stored in the recesses, respectively. Each of the recesses has a bottom on which each of the products is placed. The bottom has an aperture provided therein, and the aperture faces a position different from the center of gravity of each of the products. This taped component allows the product to be mounted efficiently.

Abstract: To endow a velourlike carrier (7), which has a finely fibrous surface, in particular a grain leather having a buffed topside or a synthetic velour material, and has been provided with a dressing (1) which has a grain texture on its face side the dressing (1) consisting of a consolidated polymeric dispersion and being produced separately on a substrate having a textured surface corresponding to the grain texture, with the requisite properties in terms of softness and abrasion resistance, but particularly in terms of air and water vapor permeability, the dressing (1) has capillaries (11) which extend throughout its entire thickness, which everywhere is substantially the same, and is bonded to the carrier (7) via a thin bonding layer (12) formed of a consolidated polymeric dispersion.

Abstract: A ceramic matrix composite (CMC) anchor (20, 100) joining a metal substrate (40) and a ceramic thermal barrier (38). The CMC anchor extends into and interlocks with the ceramic barrier, and extends into and interlocks with the metal substrate. The CMC anchor may be a honeycomb (20) or other extending-into-and-interlocking geometry. A CMC honeycomb may be formed with first (22) and second (24) arrays of cells (26) with open distal ends (28) on respective opposite sides of a sheet (30). The cells may have walls (32) with transverse passages (36). A metal (40) may be deposited into the cells and passages on one side of the sheet, forming a metal substrate locked into the honeycomb. A ceramic insulation material (38) may be deposited into the cells and passages on the opposite side of the sheet, forming a layer of ceramic insulation locked into the honeycomb.

Abstract: A sports pad is a pad-shaped main unit assembled primarily by an outer layer, an adhesive layer and an inner layer. Ventilation holes are formed in the pad-shaped main unit by punching at one time with a mold tool to penetrate the outer layer, the adhesive layer and the inner layer. A hot-press formation and a cutting are carried out next to accomplish the sports pad having a pre-determined shape, having a concaved and convex arc at a pre-determined position and manifesting a fused and smooth pattern at outer peripheries. The outer side of the pad is a high-intensity structure to provide stopping and protection functions; whereas, the inner side is a soft and fitting material, providing comfortableness when wearing.

Abstract: An elastic nonwoven composite that contains an elastic film laminated to one or more nonwoven web materials is provided. The composite is formed by passing an extrusion-coated film/nonwoven laminate through a nip to create apertures through both the film and the nonwoven. The apertures are of a size sufficient to provide a desired level of texture, softness, hand feel, and/or aesthetic appeal to the composite without having a significant adverse effect on its elastic properties. Apertures are accomplished in the present invention by selectively controlling certain parameters of the lamination process, such as film content, element pattern, degree of film tension, temperature and pressure conditions, and so forth.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a laminated glazing including a hole of substantial size, the process arranging a seal on an edge face and external faces of the glazing around an entire periphery of the hole, the seal including protruding fastening elements that are applied against the external faces of the glazing.

Abstract: A camouflage structure, capable of altering its appearance, comprises a camouflage graphic layer and a color-changing layer disposed on the camouflage graphic layer. Originally, the camouflage structure presents a first color state. After the color-changing layer changes the color by driving methods, the camouflage structure presents a second color state. For example, a transparent or semi-transparent color-changing layer able to reflect or emitting red light could be disposed on the woodland camouflage graphic layer, which allows for the overall appearance to change from the greenish woodland camouflage to the brownish desert camouflage. Alternatively, the camouflage structure could comprise a greenish camouflage graphic layer made of material with red-shift characteristics, which means the greenish camouflage graphic layer consists of different colors of chromic materials with reversible red-shift characteristics.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a membrane comprising at least one molecular monolayer composed of low-molecular aromatics and cross-linked in the lateral direction, wherein the membrane has a thickness in the range from 1 to 200 nm and a perforation in the form of openings having a diameter in the range from 0.1 nm to 1 ?m, to a method for the production thereof, and to a use thereof.

Abstract: A padding has a first outer layer that is made from an abrasion resistant fabric, a second outer layer that is made from a stretch fabric having a smooth surface, and a middle layer that is made from a foam material. The middle layer is positioned between the first and second outer layers. The first and second outer layers are then stitched along their peripheral edges to completely encapsulate the middle layer therebetween, and then a plurality of lines that are cut through all the layers.

Abstract: An object is to provide a main wing whose weight can be reduced, taking into consideration the stress concentration at circumferential edges of access holes. A main wing (1) on which a tensile load is exerted in a longitudinal direction includes a holed structural member that is a composite material made of fiber reinforced plastic which extends in the longitudinal direction and in which access holes (5) are formed and that serves as a center portion (3b); and a front portion (3a) and a rear portion (3c) that are composite materials made of fiber reinforced plastic which extend in the longitudinal direction of the main wing 1 and which are connected to side portions of the center portion (3b). The tensile rigidity of the center portion (3b) in the longitudinal direction is set to be lower than the tensile rigidity of the front portion (3a) and the rear portion (3c) in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A ventilation structure 13 includes a resin component 11 having an opening 11h for ventilation and a gas-permeable composite film 6 attached to the resin component 11 so as to close the opening 11h. The gas-permeable composite film 6 includes a body portion 2 that includes a fluororesin film, and an ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene porous sheet 3 that is laminated with the body portion 2. The ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene porous sheet 3 has a black color. A laser welding portion 4 is formed between the body portion 2 and the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene porous sheet 3 so as to integrate the two into one.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for fabricating a plasmonic structure for use in a surface plasmon resonance sensor, comprising: coating a surface of an optically clear substrate with a monolayer of microspheres forming a sphere mask; etching the sphere mask to produce an array of microholes; depositing an adsorption layer on the etched sphere mask and the surface of the optically clear substrate; depositing a metallic film on the adsorption layer; and removing the sphere mask. This is also disclosed a plasmonic structure for use in a surface plasmon resonance sensor, comprising: an adsorption layer; and a metallic film deposited on the adsorption layer; wherein the adsorption layer and the metallic film comprises an array of microholes.

Abstract: Methods of fabricating complex three-dimensional structures on patterned substrates and related compositions are provided. The methods involve depositing on the substrate a block copolymer material that is “mismatched” to the substrate pattern, and then ordering the material to form a complex three-dimensional structure. According to various embodiments, the copolymer material mismatches the substrate pattern in that the symmetry and/or length scale of its bulk morphology differs from that of the pattern. When ordered, a balance between the physics that determines the bulk block copolymer morphology and the physics that determines the substrate surface interfacial interactions results in a thermodynamically stable complex three-dimensional film that varies in a direction perpendicular to the substrate and has a morphology that differs from its bulk morphology.

Abstract: A two-way see-through banner. The two-way see-through banner includes a first side having a first image printed thereupon, a second side having a second image printed thereupon, and a plurality of perforating holes through the banner. The perforating holes are created only after the first image and the second image have been printed on the first and second sides of the banner.

Abstract: Adhesive covers and related methods for covering a surface of a device are provided. In one implementation, the adhesive cover comprises a base layer comprising vinyl or polyolefin, a primer layer applied to a surface of the base layer, a print layer applied to the primer layer, wherein the print layer comprises a design, a top layer comprising an over laminate and applied over the print layer, and a bottom layer adhered to the base layer comprising an adhesive configured to adhere the adhesive cover to a device. The primer layer improves adhesion of the print layer to the base layer.

Abstract: A device having an optical system including first and second substrates, a first optical element on a first surface of the first substrate, and a second optical element on a second surface of the second substrate, the first and second surfaces being parallel and the first and second optical elements being substantially centered along an optical axis of the optical system, and an active element positioned in optical communication with the optical system, wherein an imaging function of the optical system is distributed over at least the first and second optical elements.