Abstract: An article is coated with a multi-layer coating comprising a nickel layer, a refractory metal layer, preferably zirconium layer, a sandwich layer comprised of a plurality of alternating layers of a refractory metal compound and a refractory metal, a refractory metal compound layer on the sandwich layer, and a refractory metal oxide layer or a layer comprised of the reaction products of refractory metal, oxygen and nitrogen. The coating provides the color of polished brass to the article and also provides abrasion protection, corrosion protection, and improved acid resistance.

Abstract: A joined ceramic structure including a ceramic member and a metallic joining member joined to each other through a joining layer made of a brazing material wherein a metallic member is buried in the ceramic member in the state that a metal-exposed portion is formed through partial exposure of the metallic member from such a joining surface of the ceramic member as contacting said joining layer, and the ceramic member and the metal-exposed portion are also joined to the joining layer along the joining surface of the ceramic member.

Abstract: A method for pretreating a solder surface for fluxless soldering is disclosed. The method uses a noble fluorine gas to remove surface oxides from solder surfaces, without the use of external stimulation. A noble fluorine gas is suffused across the solder surface to reduce or eliminate or chemically convert the surface oxides. The process can take place at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. A simple belt driven transport may be used to move the parts past a nozzle which emits the vapor in a system similar to a conventional solder reflow machine.

Abstract: An article is coated with a multi-layer coating comprising a nickel layer deposited on the surface of the article, a nickel-tungsten-boron layer deposited on the nickel layer, a refractory metal, preferably zirconium layer deposited on the nickel-tungsten-boron layer, a sandwich layer comprised of alternating layers of a refractory metal and of a refractory metal compound deposited on the refractory metal layer, a refractory metal compound layer, preferably zirconium nitride, deposited on the sandwich layer, and a layer comprised of a refractory metal oxide or the reaction products of a refractory metal, oxygen and nitrogen deposited on the refractory metal compound layer.

Abstract: A highly reliable multi-layer ceramic electronic part in which is compact, in which cracks tend not to occur in the ceramic element even in cases where it is handled in bulk by a chip mounting device. A plurality of electrodes (internal electrodes) are disposed within a ceramic element whose length L.ltoreq.1.0 mm, height H.ltoreq.0.5 mm and width W.ltoreq.0.5 mm. The thickness t.sub.1 of a ceramic outer layer portion of the multi-layer ceramic electronic part, is 0.15 mm or less. The thickness of the ceramic outer layer portion t.sub.1 and the thickness t.sub.2 of the portion where the internal electrodes are disposed have the relationship 1/4 t.sub.2 .ltoreq.t.sub.1.ltoreq.1/3 t.sub.2.

Abstract: An article is coated with a multi-layer coating comprising a nickel layer, a tin-nickel alloy layer, a non-precious refractory metal layer, a sandwich layer comprised of a plurality of alternating layers of non-precious refractory metal compound and of a non-precious refractory metal, a non-precious refractory metal compound layer, and a layer comprised of a non-precious refractory metal oxide or the reaction products of a non-precious refractory metal, oxygen and nitrogen.

Abstract: An article is coated with a multi-layer coating comprising at least one nickel layer deposited on the surface of the article, a palladium/nickel alloy layer deposited on the nickel layer, a refractory metal, preferably zirconium, layer deposited on the palladium/nickel alloy layer, a sandwich layer comprised of alternating layers of refractory metal compound and refractory metal deposited on the refractory metal layer, a refractory metal compound layer, preferably zirconium nitride, deposited on the sandwich layer, and a layer comprised of a refractory metal oxide or the reaction products of a refractory metal, oxygen and nitrogen deposited on the refractory metal compound layer. The coating provides the color of polished brass to the article and also provides abrasion and corrosion protection.

Abstract: An article is coated with a multi-layer coating comprising a copper layer, a nickel layer, a chrome layer, a refractory metal layer, preferably zirconium layer, a sandwich layer comprised of alternating layers of a refractory metal compound and a refractory metal, a refractory metal compound layer, preferably zirconium nitride layer, and a refractory metal oxide layer or a layer comprised of the reaction products of refractory metal, oxygen and nitrogen. The coating provides the color of polished brass to the article and also provides abrasion protection, corrosion protection, and improved acid resistance.

Abstract: An article is coated with a multi-layer coating comprising a nickel layer, a chrome layer, a refractory metal layer, preferably zirconium layer, a sandwich layer comprised of a plurality of alternating layers of a refractory metal compound and a refractory metal compound layer, preferably zirconium nitride layer, and a refractory metal oxide layer or a layer comprised of the reaction products of refractory metal, oxygen and nitrogen. The coating provides the color of polished brass to the article and also provides abrasion protection, corrosion protection, and improved acid resistance.

Abstract: A metal coating of typically a valve metal, especially a titanium metal coating, is applied by thermal spraying to the surface of concrete, most particularly steel-reinforced concrete. The metal such as titanium may be sprayed by any one of several thermal spraying techniques including flame spray, electric-arc spray, plasma spray, high-velocity oxyfuel spray, or detonation gun spray. The metal coating should be tightly adhered to the concrete and desirably will have a porosity to facilitate extensive coating of the metal itself, as well as facilitate any activation that may be needed for the metal. Such activation can be in the form of an electrochemically active material which allows the coating to function in electrochemically active form. One coating option is to apply a solution onto the spray-applied metal, then polarize the metal anodically to effect deposition of active material on the metal.

Abstract: A metallic sliding material including at least a support member with a sliding surface and an inorganic compound coating layer formed on the sliding surface is disclosed. The sliding surface is formed from an aluminum alloy or a reinforcing material-containing aluminum alloy. The inorganic compound coating layer is formed from at least one aluminum compound, and at least one phosphorus compound, and at least one member selected from the group of molybdenum compounds, tungsten compounds, and chromium compounds. These compounds are present in such concentrations that molybdenum, tungsten, and chromium collectively constitute 2 to 48% by weight of the inorganic compound coating layer, aluminum constitutes 1 to 25% by weight of the inorganic compound coating layer, phosphorus constitutes 1 to 25% by weight of the inorganic compound coating layer, and the balance of the inorganic compound coating layer is oxygen and impurities.

Abstract: A method for making an article from rhenium and in particular a rocket nozzle. First a molybdenum mandrel is formed with a portion having the desired shape of the nozzle. A layer of rhenium is deposited over the nozzle portion, and then rhenium wire is wrapped around this rhenium layer. A second rhenium layer or a layer of ruthenium is then deposited over the layer of rhenium wire. Alternating layers of rhenium wire and deposited rhenium or ruthenium are applied until a desired thickness is obtained. A layer of molybdenum is applied to can the assembly and the assembly is subject to hot isostatic pressing. Finally, the molybdenum is etched away leaving the rhenium nozzle.

Abstract: Galvanic degradation under salt spray or salt water conditions in hybrid structures containing a corrosible metal and a conductive fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite is reduced through the addition to the polymer matrix of the composite of an effective amount of an inorganic corrosion/degradation inhibitor.

Abstract: An article is coated with a multilayer coating comprising a nickel layer deposited on the surface of the article, a palladium strike layer deposited on the nickel layer, a palladium/nickel alloy layer deposited on the palladium strike layer, a refractory metal, preferably zirconium, strike layer deposited on the palladium/nickel alloy layer, and a refractory metal compound, preferably zirconium nitride, deposited on the refractory metal strike layer. The coating provides the color of polished brass to the article and also provides abrasion and corrosion protection.

Abstract: A method for improving the formability of zinc coated steel sheet, and the product produced therefrom. The steps of the method include applying to the zinc coating an oxalic acid solution in an amount that will form a zinc oxalate film having a coating weight in a range of s about 10 mg/ft.sup.2 to about 100 mg/ft.sup.2. A lubricant is applied to the zinc oxalate film, and the lubricant is adsorbed by the zinc oxalate film to provide a lubricated zinc oxalate film that is bonded to the zinc coating. The method produces an improved zinc coated sheet product having a tightly formed lubricated coating structure resistant to galling in the die steels of a forming press. The improved zinc coated sheet product having a lubricated zinc oxalate film improves formability and reduces the coefficient of friction during the forming operations that shape the zinc coated steel sheet or strip into a finished product shape.

Abstract: An article is coated with a multilayer coating comprising a semi-bright nickel layer deposited on the surface of the article, a bright nickel layer deposited on the bright nickel layer, a palladium strike layer deposited on the semi-bright nickel layer, a ruthenium layer deposited on the palladium strike layer, a refractory metal, preferably zirconium, strike layer deposited on the ruthenium layer, and a refractory metal compound, preferably zirconium nitride, deposited on the refractory metal strike layer. The coating provides the color of polished brass to the article and also provides abrasion and corrosion protection.

Abstract: A multilayer comprising magnetic layers and nonmagnetic layers, which are stacked in a manner to produce a magnetoresistance effect, is formed on a main surface of a substrate having at least the surface portion formed of a single crystal of cubic system. The (110) plane of said single crystal constituting the main surface of the substrate. The magnetic layers are distorted such that a uniaxial easy axis of magnetization is formed within a plane.

Abstract: An article is coated with a multi-layer coating comprising at least one nickel layer deposited on the surface of the article, a palladium/nickel alloy layer deposited on the nickel layer, a refractory metal, preferably zirconium, strike layer deposited on the palladium/nickel alloy layer, and a refractory metal compound, preferably zirconium nitride layer, deposited on the refractory metal strike layer. The coating provides the color of polished brass to the article and also provides abrasion and corrosion protection.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a lead frame for the formation of a frame structure of an integrated circuit, more particularly, to a lead frame, for a semiconductor device, having a structure possessing excellent bondability, solder wettability, and Ag paste adhesion. A lead frame for a semiconductor device comprises a lead frame substrate; a first intermediate layer, of a Ni plating or a Ni alloy plating, provided on the lead frame substrate; a second intermediate layer, of a Ag plating or a Ag alloy plating, provided on the first intermediate layer; and an outermost layer, of a Pd plating or a Pd alloy plating, provided on the second intermediate layer, wherein the Ag alloy constituting the second intermediat layer is at least one alloy selected from Ag-Co, Ag-Fe, Ag-Pd, Ag-Au, and Ag-Pt.

Abstract: An article is coated with a multilayer coating comprising a nickel layer deposited on the surface of the article, a palladium strike layer deposited on the nickel layer, a palladium/nickel alloy layer deposited on the palladium strike layer, a refractory metal, preferably zirconium, strike layer deposited on the palladium/nickel alloy layer, and a refractory metal compound, preferably zirconium nitride, deposited on the refractory metal strike layer. The coating provides the color of polished brass to the article and also provides abrasion and corrosion protection.

Abstract: Galvanic degradation under salt spray or salt water conditions in hybrid structures containing a corrosible metal and a conductive-fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite is reduced through the addition to the polymer matrix of the composite of an effective amount of an inorganic corrosion/degradation inhibitor.

Abstract: An article is coated with a multi-layer coating comprising at least one nickel layer deposited on the surface of the article, a palladium/nickel alloy layer deposited on the nickel layer, a refractory metal, preferably zirconium, strike layer deposited on the palladium/nickel alloy layer, and a refractory metal compound, preferably zirconium nitride layer, deposited on the refractory metal strike layer. The coating provides the color of polished brass to the article and also provides abrasion and corrosion protection.

Abstract: A soft magnetic alloy film includes: a fine crystalline phase having an average grain size of 10 nm or less and essentially consisting of Fe of b-c-c structure; and an amorphous phase containing a rare earth element or at least one of the elements, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta and W, and O (oxygen) in a large amount, the fine crystalline phase and amorphous phase existing in a mixed state, with the proportion of the fine crystalline phase of Fe of b-c-c structure to the entire structure being 50% or less. A plane magnetic element employs such a soft magnetic alloy.

Abstract: A thermoelectric semiconductor material comprises Si crystal and crystal of metal silicide selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Cr, Mn and Ni. It is preferable that the metal silicide is .beta.-FeSi.sub.2. Moreover, the thermoelectric semiconductor material further contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of Vb, VIb, IIIb, VIII, VIIa and VIa in the atomic periodic table as an additive. This element can be used as a dopant. Furthermore, since both the phase of the Si crystal and the phase of the crystal of the metal silicide are changed to be an n-type or a p-type, a thermoelectric characteristics are improved.

Abstract: An aluminum bearing alloy sliding member excellent in anti-seizure property, of which sliding surface is coated with a film of aluminum fluoride or manganese phosphate formed by a chemical conversion process and having a thickness ranging from 0.1 .mu.m to 10 .mu.m.

Abstract: A recording medium and method of performing recording/reproducing on the recording medium. The recording medium includes a multi-layer structure wherein at least two kinds of atomic layers are alternately laminated on a support. The elements of the atomic layers are selected so that they have secondary electron emission characteristics, such as secondary electron emission efficiency or secondary electron energy spectrums different from each other and do not form any alloy with each other, or so that a reacted mixture between the at least two kinds of atomic layers has secondary electron characteristics different from the atomic layers. The recording is performed by irradiating the surface of the recording medium with a recording beam selected from an electron beam, a charged particle beam, and a neutral particle beam to expose the next lower different kind of atomic layer of forma mixture.

Abstract: A net shaped ceramic-reinforced aluminum matrix composite is formed by forming a permeable mass of ceramic material with a defined surface boundary having a barrier, and contacting a molten aluminum-magnesium alloy with the permeable mass of ceramic material in the presence of a gas comprising from about 10 to 100% nitrogen, by volume, balance nonoxidizing gas, e.g. hydrogen or argon. Under these conditions, the molten alloy spontaneously infiltrates the ceramic mass under normal atmospheric pressures until it reaches the barrier. A solid body of the alloy can be placed adjacent to a permeable bedding of ceramic material having a barrier, and brought to the molten state, preferably to at least about 700.degree. C., in order to form the net shape aluminum matrix composite by infiltration. In addition to magnesium, auxiliary alloying elements may be employed with aluminum. The resulting composite products may contain a discontinuous aluminum nitride phase in the aluminum matrix.

Abstract: A method of producing self-supporting ceramic bodies having a modified metal-containing component includes first providing a a self-supporting ceramic body comprising (i) a polycrystalline oxidation reaction product formed upon oxidation of a molten parent metal precursor with an oxidant, and (ii) an interconnected metal-containing component at least partially accessible from one or more surfaces of said ceramic body. The surface or surfaces of the ceramic body is contacted with a quantity of foreign metal different from said interconnected metal-containing component at a temperature and for a time sufficient to allow for interdiffusion, whereby at least a portion of said metal-containing component is displaced by said foreign metal. The resulting ceramic body, having an altered metal-containing component, exhibits modified or improved properties.

Abstract: The present invention provides a metal/polymer composite comprising a polymeric substrate and a sintered mat of randomly-oriented metal fibers embedded therein, the fibers having a substantially circular cross-section and a diameter of about 10 to 200 .mu.m. The polymeric substrate is typically a thin, flexible sheet-like material having a pair of planar surfaces. The polymeric substrate is preferably thermoformable. If thermoformability is desired the metal will have a melting point of less than the thermoforming temperature of the polymeric substrate. The thermoformable metal/polymer composite of the present invention may be stretched to at least 20%, and often can be stretched at least 200% of its original dimensions, at least in certain regions, without loss of electrical continuity or EMI shielding properties. The present invention also provides a method of making a metal/polymer composite and a sintered mat of randomly-oriented metal fibers.

Abstract: A wear and erosion resistant coating for substrates having a non-nitrogen titanium-containing outer surface onto which a non-stoichiometric titanium nitride coating is deposited in which the nitrogen content in the titanium nitride coating is from 32.5 to 47 atomic weight percent.

Abstract: Quartenized derivatives of oligoquinoline have been reacted with refractory metal oxysalts to generate oligoquinolinium metal oxide salts which provide excellent corrosion inhibition of iron based alloy articles in sulfur containing media.

Abstract: An electro-deposition coated member has a metal substrate or a non-metal substrate having been subjected to metal plating, a chemically colored film provided on said substrate, and a conductive electro-deposition coating film formed on said chemically colored film.

Abstract: A net shaped ceramic-reinforced aluminum matrix composite is formed by forming a permeable mass of ceramic material with a defined surface boundary having a barrier, and contracting a molten aluminum-magnesium alloy with the permeable mass of ceramic material in the presence of a gas comprising from about 10 to 100% nitrogen, by volume, balance nonoxidizing gas, e.g. hydrogen or argon. Under these conditions, the molten alloy spontaneously infiltrates the ceramic mass under normal atmospheric pressures until it reaches the barrier. A solid body of the alloy can be placed adjacent to a permeable bedding of ceramic material having a barrier, and brought to the molten state, preferably to at least about 700.degree. C., in order to form the net shape aluminum matrix composite by infiltration. In addition to magnesium, auxiliary alloying elements may be employed with aluminum. The resulting composite products may contain a discontinuous aluminum nitride phase in the aluminum matrix.

Abstract: A coating composition and method of use thereof for coating metal substrates, especially galvanically active metals, containing a resinous organic polymer, a corrosion inhibiting leachable pigment and an ion reactive pigment generally in the form of metallic spheroid particles. Coated materials have improved corrosion resistance.

Abstract: A multilayer wiring substrate which includes a glass ceramic section, a wiring layer section having a plurality of wiring layers electrically insulated from each other by a polyimide material, and an intermediate layer made of an inorganic material and arranged between the ceramic section and the wiring layer section.

Abstract: Self-supporting ceramic bodies having a modified metal-containing component are formed by first providing a self-supporting ceramic body comprising (1) a polycrystalline oxidation reaction product formed upon oxidation of a molten parent metal precursor with an oxidant, and (ii) an interconnected metal-containing component at least partially accessible from one or more surfaces of said ceramic body. The surface or surfaces of the ceramic body are contacted with a quantity of foreign metal different from said interconnected metal-containing component at a temperature and for a time sufficient to allow for interdiffusion, whereby at least a portion of said metal-containing component is displaced by said foreign metal. The resulting ceramic body, having an altered metal-containing component, exhibits modified or improved properties.

Abstract: A method is described for improving the erosion and abrasion wear resistance and hardness of the internal wear surfaces of structures such as nozzles, jets, ducts, chutes, powder handling tubes, valve housings, conveyors, drill bushings and the like. A substantially pure tungsten layer is chemical vapor deposited on the internal wear surface of the body of the structure followed by a chemical vapor deposited top coating comprising a mixture of tungsten and tungsten carbide. The tungsten carbide is selected from the group consisting of W.sub.2 C, W.sub.3 C, and mixtures thereof and is fine grained, non-columnar and has a substantially layered microstructure. Also described are structures formed by the method.

Abstract: The method for producing the disclosed material comprises chemical vapor depositing on the substrate a substantially columnar, intermediate layer of tungsten and chemical vapor depositing on the intermediate layer a non-columnar, substantially lamellar outer layer of a mixture of tungsten and tungsten carbide. The tungsten carbide comprises W.sub.2 C, W.sub.3 C, or a mixture of both wherein the ratio of the thickness of the tungsten intermediate layer to the thickness of the outer layer is at least: (a) 0.35 in the case of tungsten plus W.sub.2 C in the outer layer, (b) 0.6 in the case of a mixture of tungsten and W.sub.3 C in the outer layer and (c) 0.35 in the case of mixtures of tungsten and W.sub.2 C and W.sub.3 C in the outer layer. The chemical vapor deposition steps are carried out at pressures within the range of 1 Torr to 1,000 Torr and temperatures within the range of about 300.degree. to about 650.degree. C.

Abstract: A decorative mirror, including a transparent sheet; and at least one reflective silver layer comprised of silver deposited on one face of the transparent sheet, wherein a first silver layer of said at least one reflective silver layer has randomly distributed therein areas containing reaction products including non-metallic silver formed by reacting at least a part of the silver of said first silver layer with a substance which reacts with silver to provide reaction products including non-metallic silver so that the visible light reflectance of the decorative mirror is modified or interrupted.

Abstract: A pack assembly for use in hot rolling a material sensitive to heat loss, such as gamma titanium aluminide. The pack assembly has a pair of opposed deformable metal cover plates adjacent opposite outer major surfaces of at least one flat product of the material to be hot rolled positioned between the cover plates. A continuous thermal barrier is positioned between each of the outer major surfaces of each of the cover plates.

Abstract: The coated article includes a refractory metal substrate having an oxidation resistant intermetallic layer formed in situ thereon; e.g., a fused refractory metal silicide layer, and a ceramic layer applied on and adhering to the intermetallic layer to provide enhanced high temperature properties and improved resistance to premature catastrophic failure in high temperature oxidizing environments where dissimilar materials are present that may destructively react with the intermetallic layer.

Abstract: An improved highly erosive and abrasive wear resistant multi-layered coating system on a substrate which provides protection against impact of large particles is disclosed comprising a plurality of composite layers. In each of the composite layers, the first layer closest to the substrate comprises tungsten of sufficient thickness to confer substantial erosion and abrasion wear resistance characteristics to the coating system and a second layer deposited on the first layer comprises a mixture of tungsten and tungsten carbide and the tungsten carbide comprises W.sub.2 C, W.sub.3 C, or a mixture of both. Because the resulting coating system has enhanced high cycle fatigue strength over the substrate, the coating system is especially useful on such structures as turbine blades and similar articles of manufacture where such high stress cycles occur during normal operation. Also dislcosed is the method for preparing such improved composite coating systems.

Abstract: An erosion and corrosion resistant coating is formed of a plurality of alternating layers of metallic and ceramic materials. The two materials selected for the layers have complementary wear resistant characteristics, such that one is relatively ductile and the other is relatively brittle. The concentration of the two materials at the interface between adjacent layers is graded to improve the adhesion of the layers and to provide a more unified coating. Prefereably radio-frequency sputtering is employed to deposit the coating, since it does not produce excessive heating which could negate any prior heat treatment of the substrate onto which the coating is deposited.

Abstract: Coated gas turbine engine hardware is described. The hardware comprises a titanium alloy substrate having a coating thereon consisting essentially of titanium nitride wherein the ratio of nitrogen to titanium is greater than one. Such coatings have a residual compressive stress state which aids in minimizing the fatigue debit which would otherwise result from the use of a hard coating on a titanium substrate. Coatings are applied by the use of a vacuum arc deposition process.

Abstract: "A coated substrate product is described wherein the outer coating on the substrate is comprised of a chemically vapor deposited and heat treated mixture of tungsten and tungsten carbide. The tungsten carbide phase consists of W.sub.2 C or W.sub.3 C or a mixture of W.sub.2 C and W.sub.3 C. During the heat treating, the coated substrate is heated to the deposition temperature or not substantially above the deposition temperature in a non-reactive atmosphere. The heat treating temperature is sufficient to confer a desired improvement in erosive and abrasive wear resistance in the outer coating but does not result in substantial degradation of the mechanical properties of the substrate or in formation of undesirable inter-metallic layers".

Abstract: A highly erosive and abrasive wear resistant composite coating system is described in which an intermediate layer of substantially pure tungsten is deposited on a substrate. An outer layer is then deposited comprised of a mixture of tungsten and tungsten carbide, with the tungsten carbide consisting of W.sub.2 C, W.sub.3 C or a mixture of both. The thickness of the intermediate layer is sufficient to confer substantial erosive and abrasive wear resistance characteristics on the composite coating system. The ratio of the thickness of the intermediate layer to the thickness of the outer layer is controlled and is at least above 0.30 in the cases of W+W.sub.3 C, W+W.sub.2 C+W.sub.3 C and W+W.sub.2 C coatings.

Abstract: A composite film is provided which has a first layer of WSi.sub.x, where x is greater than 2, over which is disposed a second layer of a tungsten complex consisting substantially of tungsten with a small amount of silicon therein, typically less than 5%. Both layers are deposited in situ in a cold wall chemical vapor deposition chamber at a substrate temperature of between 500.degree. and 550.degree. C.. Before initiating the deposition process for these first and second layers, the substrate onto which they are to be deposited is first plasma etched with NF.sub.3 as the reactant gas, then with H.sub.2 as the reactant gas, both steps being performed at approximately 100 to 200 volts self-bias. WSi.sub.

Abstract: A calcium phosphate-coated composite material is disclosed, comprising a metallic substrate, an oxide layer on the metallic substrate, said oxide layer consisting essentially of the oxide of one or more metals selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, niobium, tantalum, tin, cobalt, aluminum, chromium, molybdenum and tungsten, and a coating layer of calcium phosphate provided on the oxide layer. A process for production of the calcium phosphate-coated composite material is also disclosed.

Abstract: An alloy for contacting portions of a conductive interconnect layer exposed by an overlying organic insulating layer having apertures therethrough. The alloy contains chromium and titanium, and is formed such that at least 50 atm % of the total content of the alloy is titanium at the alloy-insulating layer interface.

Abstract: An erosion and corrosion resistant coating is formed of a plurality of alternating layers of metallic and ceramic materials. The two materials selected for the layers have complementary wear resistant characteristics, such that one is relatively ductile and the other is relatively brittle. The concentration of the two materials at the interface between adjacent layers is graded to improve the adhesion of the layers and to provide a more unified coating. Preferably radio-frequency sputtering is employed to deposit the coating, since it does not produce excessive heating which could negate any prior heat treatment of the substrate onto which the coating is deposited.