Abstract: The present invention provides polycrystalline silicon suitably used as a raw material for producing single crystal silicon. The polycrystalline silicon rod of the present invention is a polycrystalline silicon rod grown by chemical vapor deposition performed under a pressure of 0.3 MPaG or more, wherein when a plate-shaped sample piece collected from an arbitrary portion of the polycrystalline silicon rod is observed with a microscope with a temperature increased from a temperature lower than a melting point of silicon up to a temperature exceeding the melting point of silicon, a heterogeneous crystal region, which is a crystal region including a plurality of crystal grains heterogeneously assembled and including no needle-like crystal, having a diameter exceeding 10 ?m is not observed.

Abstract: Engine blocks and methods of forming the same are disclosed. The engine block may comprise a body including at least one cylindrical engine bore wall having a longitudinal axis and including a coating extending along the longitudinal axis and having a coating thickness. The coating may have a middle region and first and second end regions, and a plurality of pores may be dispersed within the coating thickness. The middle region may have a different average porosity than one or both of the end regions. The method may include spraying a first porosity coating in a middle longitudinal region of the bore and spraying a second porosity coating in one or more end regions of the bore. The first porosity may be greater than the second porosity and the first and second porosities may be formed during the spraying steps. The pores may act as wells for lubricant.

Abstract: A method for forming a monolithic seal frame and lid for use with a substrate and electronic circuitry comprises the steps of forming a mandrel from a ceramic and glass based material, forming a seal frame and lid block from a ceramic and glass based material, creating a seal frame and lid by forming a compartment and a plurality of sidewalls in the seal frame and lid block, placing the seal frame and lid on the mandrel such that the mandrel fits within the compartment, and cofiring the seal frame and lid block.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an engine 52, in particular a combustion engine or a jet-power unit, or an engine part 54, 56 made from metal, and in particular Al or Mg, or an alloy comprising one or more thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a coating for protecting a component against high temperatures and aggressive media, which coating has at least one subregion whose main constituent is chromium. The layer additionally comprises aluminum, the chromium content at least in the subregion in which chromium is the main constituent being greater than 30% by weight and the aluminum content being greater than or equal to 5% by weight. The invention further provides a process for producing such a coating, comprising chromizing the surface to be coated and subsequently alitizing the chromium-rich layer produced during chromizing.

Abstract: An article includes a first portion having a first grain pattern and a second portion having a second grain pattern different from the first grain pattern. The article is a cast article such as a turbine engine blade.

Abstract: A polycrystalline silicon rod comprises a seed rod made of polycrystalline silicon, and a polycrystalline silicon deposit which is deposited on the outer circumferential surface of the seed rod by the CVD process. A diameter of the polycrystalline silicon rod is 77 mm or less. When the polycrystalline silicon rod is observed by an optical microscope with respect to the cross section perpendicular to an axis of the seed rod, needle-shaped crystals each having a length of 288 ?m or less are uniformly distributed radially with the seed rod being as the center in the polycrystalline silicon deposit. The needle-shaped crystals account for 78% or more of the cross section.

Abstract: Polycrystalline diamond compacts for use in artificial joints achieve reduced corrosion and improved biocompatibility through the use of solvent metal formulations containing tin and through the control of solvent metal pore size, particularly in inner layers of the compact. Solvent metal formulations containing tin have been discovered which provide sintering ability, part strength, and grind resistance comparable to levels achieved by using CoCrMo solvent metals. It has been discovered that limiting the solvent metal pore size in the diamond layers minimizes or eliminates the occurrence of micro cracks in the solvent metal and significantly reduces the corrosion of the compact as manifested by the release of heavy metal ions from the compact. Polycrystalline diamond compacts which utilize both the solvent metal formulations containing tin and the control of pore sizes achieve significantly reduced corrosion and improved biocompatibility compared to prior art polycrystalline diamond compacts.

Abstract: A lid for a crystal growth chamber crucible is constructed by forming arcuate sector-shaped portions and coupling them in abutting relationship, for example by welding, to form an annular profile fabricated lid. The arcuate sector-shaped portions may be formed and removed from a lid fabrication blank with less waste than when unitary annular lids are formed and removed from a similarly sized fabrication blank. For example, the sector-shaped portions may be arrayed in an undulating pattern on the fabrication sheet.

Abstract: A method for depositing material layers on a workpiece made of a material which contains a titanium aluminide includes the steps of preparing the workpiece; heating the workpiece in a localized region by induction to a predefined preheating temperature; and depositing an additive, preferably in powder form, on the heated surface of the workpiece by build-up welding, in particular laser build-up welding, plasma build-up welding, micro-plasma build-up welding, TIG build-up welding or micro-TIG build-up welding; said additive including a titanium aluminide.

Abstract: Structural repair of cracks and other defects in superalloy components, such as steam or gas turbine blades in stationary or aero gas turbines, are performed by heating the blade substrate to an isothermal hold temperature below the substrate's incipient melting point and filling the crack with molten superalloy filler material. The molten filler solidifies into a casting and bonds with the component substrate at the isothermal hold temperature. Heat treatment processes are completed, so that the former crack is filled with cast superalloy material having identical or similar structural properties as the adjoining substrate superalloy material. The casting repair method may be utilized universally for all types of superalloy component defects, including those previously repaired by cosmetic, lower strength welding or brazing methods.

Abstract: An organic liquid is applied to both sides of a self-supporting film of a polyimide precursor solution, and then the self-supporting film is heated to effect imidization, thereby providing a polyimide film with reduced surface roughness.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of laser shock peening an aluminum alloy fan airfoil to improve its resistance to failure by notched fatigue. In one example, the airfoil is made from 7255 aluminum alloy. The laser has a power density of at least 10 GW/cm2 (220×109 BTU/hr·in2) and a pulse width of <50 ns to produce a shock peened layer extending a depth of 0.030-0.040 inch (0.8-1.0 mm) beneath the object surface.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a plate including multiple metal layers is provided. The method includes: disposing a semi-finished plate formed of a first metal in a mold, wherein a surface of the semi-finished plate is roughened; and injecting a second metal in liquid form onto the roughened surface of the semi-finished plate, so as to form a second metal layer on the semi-finished plate, wherein the second metal in liquid form covers and fills the roughened surface of the semi-finished plate. Not only does the multi-layer metal plate manufactured according to the method have the strength and elasticity of a composite metal, but also increase the joining, bonding or engagement strength between the first and second metal layers without laser welding.

Abstract: A coated article has a substrate and a coating scheme, which has a PVD coating region. The PVD coating region contains aluminum, yttrium, nitrogen and at least one element selected from the group of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten and silicon. The sum of the aluminum and yttrium contents is between about 3 atomic percent and about 55 atomic percent of the sum of aluminum, yttrium and the other elements. The yttrium content is between about 0.5 atomic percent and about 5 atomic percent of the sum of aluminum, yttrium and the other elements. There is also a method of making the coated article that includes steps of providing the substrate and depositing the above coating scheme with the PVD coating region.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an engine 52, in particular a combustion engine or a jet-power unit, or an engine part 54, 56 made from metal, and in particular Al or Mg, or an alloy comprising one or more thereof. The engine or engine part is made from a compound material of said metal reinforced by nanoparticles, in particular CNT, wherein the reinforced metal has a microstructure comprising metal crystallites at least partly separated by said nanoparticles.

Abstract: A method of welding including forming a filler material of a first oxide dispersoid metal, the first oxide dispersoid material having first strengthening particles that compensate for decreases in weld strength of friction stir welded oxide dispersoid metals; positioning the filler material between a first metal structure and a second metal structure each being comprised of at least a second oxide dispersoid metal; and friction welding the filler material, the first metal structure and the second metal structure to provide a weld.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for making a hot stamped coated steel sheet product, comprising the steps of pre-coating a steel strip or sheet with aluminium-or aluminium alloy, cutting said pre-coated steel strip or sheet to obtain a pre-coated steel blank, heating the blank in a furnace preheated to a temperature and during a time defined by diagram according to thickness, at a heating rate Vc between 20 and 700° C. comprised between 4 and 12° C./s and at a heating rate Vc? between 500 and 700° C. comprised between 1.5 and 6° C./s, to obtain a heated blank; then transferring said heated blank to a die, hot stamping the heated blank in the die obtain a hot stamped steel sheet product, cooling at a mean rate Vr between the exit of the heated blank from the furnace, down to 400° C., of at least 30° C./s.

Abstract: A laminate aluminum block for forming an article includes a series of aluminum laminate plates to collectively form a tool body for forming an article in a forming operation. A series of aluminum brazing layers are formed for brazing together adjacent aluminum laminate plates. The series of aluminum laminate plates and the series of aluminum brazing layers are deoxidized. Draining apertures are formed through a plurality of the series of aluminum laminate plates. The series of aluminum laminate plates are stacked alternating with the aluminum brazing layers between adjacent aluminum laminate plates without a flux. The stacked series of alternating aluminum plates and aluminum brazing layers are pressed. The stacked series of alternating aluminum plates and aluminum brazing layers are heated in a vacuum furnace to a temperature wherein the aluminum brazing layers braze the aluminum laminate plates together and excess braze material drains from the draining apertures.

Abstract: The invention relates to metallic aircraft components which can preferably be used for aircraft structures in the fuselage region. A damage-tolerant design is usual for aircraft components in the fuselage region. It is the object of the invention to provide metallic components in which metal sheets are connected to one another by weld seams which have an improved damage tolerance behavior and fatigue crack propagation behavior. In an aircraft component in accordance with the invention, at least two metal sheets are welded to one another as butt joints. The centerline of the join line of the weld seam is predetermined by the outer edge contour of the metal sheets connected to one another. In this connection, it is formed deviant from a continuously straight line shape such that the total length of the weld seam is increased by changes in direction periodically occurring at the edge contours engaging into one another in a complementary manner.

Abstract: A new process and technical arrangement has been established for the production of grain free metal products, which can be extruded directly from the melt, by inserting a seed crystal from a seeding chamber into the opening of the extrusion jet of the melting vessel. The seed crystal will break by contact the surface tension of the liquid metal in the extrusion jet channel, which is slightly undercooled. Upon establishing contact, the temperature at the meeting point of the seed crystal and the liquid metal will be raised by RF-heating to permit the extrusion of the seed crystal backwards, ensuring that metal and seed crystal maintain contact and crystal growth will continue. It has been discovered, that single crystals with the orientation of the seed crystal will continue to grow and to establish high hardness. Speed of extrusion is exceeded to reach only grain free structure in the grown metal.

Abstract: An exemplary housing of electronic device includes a metallic main body and a metallic three-dimensional woven member formed on at least a part of a surface of the metallic main body. An electronic device using the housing is also provided. The housing of the electronic device has a textured touching feeling.

Abstract: A method is included for joining two components to form a bond joint, where the first component includes a first alloy having a first composition and a first microstructure, and the second component includes a second alloy having a second composition. A sputter material is sputtered onto a bond surface of the first component to form an interlayer, the sputter material of the interlayer having a third composition, the interlayer having an initial microstructure, the initial microstructure is a nanocrystalline microstructure or an amorphous microstructure. The interlayer is contacted with a joint surface of the second component to form an assembly, which is subjected to a first pressure, heated to a first temperature to thereby form the bond joint, and heated to a second temperature to transform the initial microstructure into the first microstructure. The first microstructure is different from the nanocrystalline microstructure and the amorphous microstructure.

Abstract: A method for depositing a first material on a substrate includes providing the substrate in a deposition chamber. A molten body is formed between the substrate and a source of the first material by melting one or more second materials. A flow of the first material is passed through the molten body and from the molten body to the substrate as a vapor flow. An essentially non-expending portion of the molten body comprises an alloy having a melting temperature below a melting temperature of the first material.

Abstract: System and method of producing multi-layered aluminum alloy products are disclosed. A multi-layered aluminum alloy product may be formed by first heating a first aluminum alloy to a first temperature where the first temperature is at least about 5° C. lower than the eutectic temperature of the first aluminum alloy, second heating a second aluminum alloy to a second temperature where the second temperature is at least about 5° C. higher than the liquidus temperature of the second aluminum alloy, and coupling the second aluminum alloy to the first aluminum alloy to produce a multi-layered aluminum alloy product.

Abstract: One aspect is a device including at least two interconnected metal parts. The two interconnected parts are formed from metals with different melting temperature from the group consisting of the elements Pt, Pd, Ag, Au, Nb, Ta, Ti, Zr, W, V, Hf, Mo, Co, Cr, Ni, Ir, Re, Ru as well as alloys on the basis of at least one of those elements. The metal part with the lower melting temperature is fused onto the metal part with the higher melting temperature and both parts are friction-locked and/or form-locked with each other.

Abstract: Methods of reducing corrosion between magnesium and another metal are disclosed herein. In one method, a corrosion protection material is cold sprayed at an interface formed between the magnesium and the other metal, the corrosion protection material including magnesium. In another method, a cladding layer is applied to heat affected areas of the magnesium and/or the other metal, at a welded joint, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: Methods for repairing abradable seals of gas turbine engines include providing an abradable seal component of a gas turbine engine, the seal component having a structural substrate; providing a first preform to restore the structural substrate; and providing a second preform to form an abradable layer of the component. Preforms include a multilayer stack having a first layer and a second layer.

Abstract: A ceramic substrate comprising a metallic layer on its surface, wherein said metallic layer includes: a silver layer containing silver; a gold layer containing gold; and a nickel layer containing nickel, in this order from an outermost layer of said metallic layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a plated article that has a thin seed layer having uniform thickness, formed by electroless plating and allowing formation of ultrafine wiring, and that avoids the complicated formation of a bilayer of a barrier layer and a catalytic metal layer prior to forming the seed layer. The present invention also provides a method for manufacturing the plated article. The plated article has an alloy thin film formed on a substrate and having a catalytically active metal (A) for electroless plating and a metal (B) capable of undergoing displacement plating with a metal ion contained in an electroless plating solution, and a metal thin film formed on the alloy thin film by electroless displacement and reduction plating. The alloy thin film of the catalytically active metal (A) and the metal (B) capable of displacement plating has a composition comprising 5 at % to 40 at % of the metal (A).

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a turbine component comprising a substrate; and a protective structure formed on the substrate, wherein the protective structure comprises an ?-? titanium alloy, a ?-titanium alloy or a near-? titanium alloy. Disclosed herein too is a process for providing a protective structure to a turbine component, comprising affixing a protective structure on a turbine component; wherein the protective structure comprises an ?-? titanium alloy, a near-? titanium alloy or a ?-titanium alloy.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a composition useful for making homogeneously mineralized self assembled peptide-amphiphile nanofibers and nanofiber gels. The composition is generally a solution comprised of a positively or negatively charged peptide-amphiphile and a like signed ion from the mineral. Mixing this solution with a second solution containing a dissolved counter-ion of the mineral and/or a second oppositely charged peptide amphiphile, results in the rapid self assembly of the peptide-amphiphiles into a nanofiber gel and templated mineralization of the ions. Templated mineralization of the initially dissolved mineral cations and anions in the mixture occurs with preferential orientation of the mineral crystals along the fiber surfaces within the nanofiber gel. One advantage of the present invention is that it results in homogenous growth of the mineral throughout the nanofiber gel.

Abstract: Magnetic field structures composed of nested cylindrical magnetic laminae that are magnetically oriented perpendicular to their planes and configured to cause a volume charge density and cancel the field effects of unwanted surface negative charges are provided by arranging nested thin magnetic laminae into various configurations. This arrangement causes a uniform volume magnetic charge density, which results in a magnetic field normal to the laminae. The invention's nested cylindrical magnetic laminae magnetic field structures and methods cancel the field effects of the deleterious unwanted surface charges because these surface charges are so situated that their contributions to the internal magnetic field mutually cancel each other, and thus they are no longer detrimental to the magnetic field created by the volume charge density. One embodiment provides a cylindrical magnetic field gradient source structure.

Abstract: Magnetic field structures composed of stacked magnetic laminae that are magnetically oriented perpendicular to their planes and configured to cause a volume charge density and cancel the field effects of unwanted surface negative charges are provided. This arrangement causes a uniform volume magnetic charge density, which results in a magnetic field normal to the laminae. The stacked magnetic laminae magnetic field structure cancel the field effects of the deleterious unwanted surface charges because these surface charges are so situated that their contributions to the internal magnetic field mutually cancel each other, and thus they are no longer detrimental to the magnetic field created by the volume charge density. One embodiment provides a planar magnetic field gradient source structure.

Abstract: A medical device includes an alloy having a microstructure that provides desirable properties. The alloy can be a eutectoid composition of e.g. titanium as a major constituent and any combination of iridium, platinum, chromium, gold, silver, bismuth, manganese, palladium, cobalt, copper, iron, and/or nickel as a minor constituent, wherein the alloy forms at least a portion of the medical device.

Abstract: A coating and coating process for incorporating surface features on an air-cooled substrate surface of a component for the purpose of promoting heat transfer from the component. The coating process generally comprises depositing a first metallic coating material on the surface of the component using a first set of coating conditions to form a first environmental coating layer, and then depositing a second metallic coating material using a second set of coating conditions that differ from the first set, such that an outer environmental coating layer is formed having raised surface features that cause the surface of the outer environmental coating layer to be rougher than the surface of the first environmental coating layer.

Abstract: There is provided a method for depositing a modified MCrAlY coating on a turbine blade tip. The method utilizes laser deposition techniques to provide a metallurgical bond between a turbine blade substrate, such as a superalloy substrate, and the modified MCrAlY composition. Further the modified MCrAlY coating has sufficient thickness such that a post-welding grinding operation to size the turbine blade to a desired dimension will not remove the modified MCrAlY coating entirely. The modified MCrAlY coating thus remains on the finished turbine blade tip after grinding.

Abstract: A metallic coating composition and vacuum metalization process for applying the coating composition on various substrates, for example vehicle wheels, hub caps, bumpers and the like. The process is environmentally compatible and produces a decorative, wear-resistant chrome finish and comprises four stages: a cleaning or preparation stage, a base coat application stage, a two-step PVD stage, and a topcoat application stage. An organic epoxy, thermosetting powder base coat is applied to smooth the surface to a glass-like finish and to ensure adhesion of the metal coatings. A two part metal coating is then applied via a PVD process, consisting of a Ni/Cr base and a Cr layer. A protective acrylic, thermosetting topcoat is then applied to protect the metal coating layers.

Abstract: The layer sequence built on a substrate in thin-film technology includes an electrically conductive sputtered layer and an electrically conductive reinforcing layer for reinforcing or strengthening the sputtered layer, which is applied on the sputtered layer by a method other than sputtering. In order to remove conducting material from the conductive layers with the aid of a laser for the purposes of adjustment while producing as little contaminating material as possible, the electrically conductive reinforcing layer has a reduced thickness or is completely eliminated in regions of the electrically conductive layers to be adjusted than in other regions outside of the regions to be adjusted.

Abstract: A nickel-base superalloy article, such as a gas turbine stationary flowpath shroud that has previously been in service, is repaired by applying a restoration coating to a surface of the article. The restoration coating is applied by providing a precursor mixture, wherein the precursor mixture has no more than about 15 weight percent chromium and no more than about 0.01 percent yttrium, and wherein the precursor mixture includes a higher-melting-point alloy component and a lower-melting-point alloy component. The precursor mixture is applied to the surface of the article, in a form such as a preform of the alloy components. The article with the precursor mixture applied to the surface thereof is heated to a sufficiently high temperature to melt the lower-melting-point alloy component, thereby forming the restoration coating on the surface of the article.

Abstract: Magnetic field structures composed of stacked magnetic laminae that are magnetically oriented perpendicular to their planes and configured to cause a volume charge density and cancel the field effects of unwanted surface negative charges. This arrangement causes a uniform volume magnetic charge density, which results in a magnetic field normal to the laminae of the magnitude. The stacked magnetic laminae magnetic field structures cancel the field effects of the deleterious unwanted surface charges because these surface charges are so situated that their contributions to the internal magnetic field mutually cancel each other, and thus they are no longer detrimental to the magnetic field created by the volume charge density.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for preparing aluminum and aluminum alloy surfaces in heat exchangers for brazing by depositing thereon a kinetic sprayed brazing composition. The process simultaneously deposits monolith or composite coatings that can include all braze materials and corrosion protection materials used in the brazing of aluminum fins to plates and tubes in a single stage.

Abstract: A coated article having a high resistance to particle-impact damage has a substrate, and a layered coating overlying the substrate. The layered coating includes a substantially continuous quasicrystalline layer, and a substantially continuous ductile metallic layer in facing contact with the quasicrystalline layer. The coated article is preferably used in applications where it is subjected to particle-impact conditions.

Abstract: A method of brazing an aluminum or aluminum alloy material, containing brazing an aluminum alloy brazing sheet that has an aluminum or aluminum alloy core material and, being clad on one or both surfaces, a filler alloy layer comprised of an Al—Si-based alloy and contains Mg incorporated at least in a constituent layer except the filler alloy layer, thereby to form a hollow structure whose one surface clad with the filler alloy is the inner surface, wherein the brazing is carried out in an inert gas atmosphere without applying any flux; and an aluminum alloy brazing sheet which satisfies the relationship: (X+Y)?a/60+0.5 and X>Y, wherein a (?m) represents the thickness of the filler alloy layer clad on the core material of the inner side of the hollow structure, and X and Y (mass %) represent the Mg contents of the core material and the brazing material, respectively.

Abstract: A magnetic field sensor has a pair of magnetic shields serving as a negative electrode and a positive electrode, respectively, a magnetoresistive element arranged between the pair of magnetic shields, a nonmagnetic conductive layer for the negative electrode arranged between the magnetic shield for the negative electrode and the magnetoresistive element and including a first metal layer formed in contact with the magnetoresistive element and a second metal layer formed in contact with the first metal layer, and a nonmagnetic conductive layer for the positive electrode arranged between the magnetic shield for the positive electrode and the magnetoresistive element and formed of a first metal layer, the first metal layer containing at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ta, Ti, Cr, V, Mo and W.

Abstract: Ceramic-containing bodies can be bonded to other ceramic-containing bodies, or to metals or metal-containing bodies, by way of an aluminum-silicon brazing alloy. Such alloys feature high thermal conductivity and a melting range intermediate to Cu—Sil and Au—Si. By depositing a layer of silicon or aluminum, e.g., by vapor deposition, onto a surface of the ceramic-containing body, the formation of deleterious intermetallic phases at the brazing interface is avoided. This technique is particularly useful for joining reaction-bonded silicon carbide (RBSC) composite bodies, and particularly such composite bodies that contain appreciable amounts of aluminum as a metallurgical modification of the residual silicon phase. When the RBSC body contains minor amounts of the aluminum alloying constituent, or none, the metallization layer is not required. The resulting bonded structures have utility as mirrors, as packaging for electronics, and in semiconductor lithography equipment, e.g.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium was a high normalized coercive force and superior thermal stability. The magnetic recording medium comprises a non-magnetic base material, and a ferromagnetic metal layer of cobalt based alloy formed on top of this base material with a metal underlayer disposed therebetween, and displays a coercive force Hc of at least 2000 (Oe) and an anisotropic magnetic field Hkgrain of at least 10,000 (Oe). Furthermore, magnetic recording media in which the aforementioned metal underlayer and/or the ferromagnetic metal layer are fabricated in a film fabrication chamber with an ultimate vacuum at the 10?9 Torr level are preferred. A magnetic recording medium according to the present invention can be ideally applied to hard disks, floppy disks, and magnetic tapes and the like.

Abstract: Magnetic recording media exhibiting high SNR and high thermal stability are produced by sputter depositing a magnetic alloy overlying a non-magnetic substrate, e.g., on an underlayer, heating to eliminate thermally unstable small grains thereby increasing the average grain size of the magnetic alloy layer but narrowing the grain size distribution, depositing a layer comprising a non-ferromagnetic element, and then heating to diffuse the non-ferromagnetic element into the grain boundaries of the heat treated magnetic alloy layer. Embodiments include heating to diffuse the non-ferromagnetic element leaving a layer comprising the non-ferromagnetic element, at a thickness up to about 3?, on the magnetic alloy layer, with the amount of the non-ferromagnetic element diffused into the grain boundaries of the magnetic alloy layer gradually decreasing from the upper surface of the magnetic alloy layer toward the underlayer.

Abstract: A magneto-optical recording medium includes at least three magnetic layers of a first magnetic layer, a second magnetic layer and a third magnetic layer, in which a recording mark recorded in the third magnetic layer by irradiation of a light beam is transferred through the second magnetic layer formed above the third magnetic layer to the first magnetic layer formed above the second magnetic layer for reproduction, wherein the first magnetic layer is provided with a high temperature mask having no spontaneous magnetization in a region where its temperature becomes a predetermined temperature or higher.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a coated cemented carbide cutting tool particularly for turning applications with high toughness demands, of stainless steels of different compositions and microstructures, and of low and medium alloyed non-stainless steels. The cemented carbide is WC-Co based with a composition of 9-12 wt % Co, 0.2-2.0 wt % cubic carbides from elements from group IVa, Va or VIa of the periodic table and balance WC with a grain size of 1.5-2 ?m. The binder phase is W-alloyed with a CW-ratio in the range of 0.77-0.95. The coating includes a multilayered structure of the composition (TixAl1?x,)N in which x varies repeatedly between the two ranges 0.45<x<0.55 and 0.70<x<0.80, adding up to a total thickness of 2-9 ?m.