Abstract: An object of the invention is to write-once record and reproduce, or only reproduce, a mark smaller than the resolution limit; obtain a high level of reproduction performance (CNR and the like); and realize a high level of reproduction durability. In the invention, between a signal reproducing functional layer composed of Sb or Te and a protecting layer there is introduced a thermally stable diffusion preventing layer, and thereby reactions between the signal reproducing functional layer and the protecting layer due to increased temperature can be prevented or suppressed while increasing reproduction durability.

Abstract: Provided is a hybrid silicon wafer made of a wafer comprised primarily of two or more types of concentric single-crystal silicon or polycrystalline silicon prepared by mutually integrating one in a molten state and another in a solid state, and having specific resistances that differ by two orders of magnitude or more. Additionally provided is a method of manufacturing a hybrid silicon wafer, wherein high specific resistance silicon or an ingot comprised primarily of silicon is disposed at a central portion or a decentered position in a crucible, a nugget or powdered silicon having a specific resistance that is lower by two orders of magnitude or more than the ingot is filled in a void part around the ingot in the crucible, the nugget or powdered silicon is selectively melted and integrated with the ingot to form a complex, and a wafer shape is cut out therefrom.

Abstract: Provided is a hybrid silicon wafer in which molten state polycrystalline silicon and solid state single-crystal silicon are mutually integrated, comprising fine crystals having an average crystal grain size of 8 mm or less at a polycrystalline portion within 10 mm from a boundary with a single-crystal portion. Additionally provided is a method of manufacturing a hybrid silicon wafer, wherein a columnar single-crystal silicon ingot is sent in a mold in advance, molten silicon is cast around and integrated with the single-crystal ingot to prepare an ingot complex of single-crystal silicon and polycrystalline silicon, and a wafer shape is cut out therefrom. The provided hybrid silicon wafer comprises the functions of both a polycrystalline silicon wafer and a single-crystal wafer.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of optical information recording. According to the invention, an optical storage structure is proposed comprising a substrate equipped with physical marks whose geometrical configuration defines the recorded information, a superposition of three layers on top of the substrate marks, and a transparent protective layer on top of this superposition, the superposition comprising a layer of indium or gallium antimonide inserted between two ZnS/SiO2 dielectric layers. The antimonide layer has a polycrystalline structure with an average crystal grain size between 5 and 50 nanometers. The non-linear behavior of the superposition of three layers under the read laser makes it possible to read information having a size below the theoretical resolution of the reading system.

Abstract: An optical data storage disk including a substrate, a nanocrystalline noise reduction layer formed over the substrate, a reflector formed directly on the noise reduction layer and a cover layer formed over the reflector layer. An optical source detects data from the disk through the cover layer. In some embodiments, the reflector layer forms part of a multilayer recording stack and the cover layer is formed over the multilayer recording stack. In some embodiments, the noise reduction layer includes one or more components selected from the group consisting of Ti, Ti alloys, Ti oxides, Cr, Cr alloys and Cr oxides. Additionally, a method of forming an optical data storage disk that includes a nanocrystalline noise reduction layer.

Abstract: A silver alloy reflective film for optical information storage media, which can maintain superior environmental resistance, such as high hygrothermal resistance and high light stability, over the long term even when the metal reflective film is in direct contact with a resin layer. An optical information storage medium includes the reflective film and a sputtering target deposits the reflective film. The silver alloy reflective film includes one or more specific elements selected from Pr, Ho, Yb, Sm, Er, Tm, and Tb, to suppress deterioration occurring when the silver alloy reflective film is in direct contact with a resin layer, where silver in the reflective film migrates and aggregates into the adjacent resin layer.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an apparatus for indicating the passage of time, comprising a substrate and an indicating layer formed on the substrate. The indicating layer comprises a polymer matrix and a predetermined amount of redox compound under the reduced form. The redox compound is dispersed in the polymer matrix and has the following properties: the reduced form of the redox compound reacts with oxygen to form the oxidized form of the redox compound; the hue or color density of the reduced form of the redox compound is different from that of the oxidized form of the redox compound; and the hue or color density of the indicating layer varies as the time for the reduced form of the redox compound contacting with oxygen in environment increases to have the amount of the oxidized form of the redox compound increase so as to indicate the passage of time.

Abstract: The optical storage medium, in particular a read-only optical disc, comprises a substrate layer, a read only data layer comprising a pit structure and being arranged on the substrate layer, a mask layer comprising nanoparticles for providing a super resolution near field effect, and a dielectric layer arranged between the data layer and the mask layer. The dielectric layer has a thickness, which changes in dependency of the pit structure and is for example a plastic layer having a completely flat surface for providing a uniform arrangement of the nanoparticles. For the manufacturing of a respective optical storage medium, the dielectric layer is arranged on the data layer advantageously by means of spin coating.

Abstract: A silver-based alloy thin film is provided for the semi-reflective coating layer of optical discs. Alloy additions to silver include copper and a rare earth metal. These alloys have moderate to high reflectivity and reasonable corrosion resistance in the ambient environment.

Abstract: An information recording medium of the present invention includes N information layers on a substrate (1), where N is an integer of 2 or more. Information is recorded/reproduced by irradiating each of the information layers (11, 12) with a laser beam (4). When the N information layers are referred to as a first information layer to an N-th information layer sequentially from the opposite side to a laser beam incident side, the L-th information layer included in the N information layers includes at least a recording layer (135) capable of undergoing a phase change through laser beam irradiation, a reflective layer (132), and a transmittance adjusting layer (131) in this order from the laser beam incident side, where L is an integer satisfying 2?L?N. The transmittance adjusting layer (131) contains Nb, oxygen (O), and at least one element M selected from Ti, Zr, Hf, Y, Cr, Zn, Ga, Co, Bi, In, Ta, and Ce. In the transmittance adjusting layer (131), the content of Nb is at least 2.9 atom %.

Abstract: A multi-layered phase-change optical recording medium having a first substrate and a second substrate, and a plurality of information layers, wherein each of thermal diffusion layers of information layers other than an information layer disposed at the innermost side as viewed from the first substrate side has In oxide, Zn oxide, Sn oxide and Si oxide, and when the contents of thereof are represented by “a”, “b”, “c” and “d” [mol %] respectively, the following requirements are satisfied, and when the refractive index of the first and second substrates was represented by “n”, the laser light wavelength is represented by “?” and the depth of the groove guide of the first and second substrates is represented by H, the H satisfied the following requirement, 3?a?50 0?d?30 a+b+c+d=100 ?/17n?H??/11.5n.

Abstract: An optical recording medium having first protective layer, recording layer, second protective layer, and reflective layer, wherein the recording layer contains a phase-change material represented by Formula (1?1), Formula (1-2), or Formula (1-3); the second protective layer contains one selected from zinc oxides, indium oxides, tin oxides, mixtures thereof, and materials Formula (2), and materials Formula (3). Formula (1?1): In?iSb?iX1?i(X1: Ge, Te, Zn, Mn, or mixture thereof, 0.10??1?0.25, 0.65??1?0.80, and 0.04??1?0.15) Formula (1-2): Ga?2Sb?2SnY2Ges2X2?2 (X2: Te, Zn, Mn, In, or mixture thereof, 0.04??2?0.09, 0.56?62?0.79, 0.05??2<0.30, 0.03??2?0.19, and 0??2?0.09) Formula (1-3): Mn?3Sb?3SnY3Ge?3X3?3 (X3: Te, In, Zn, Bi, or mixture thereof, 0.04??3?0.09, 0.56?63?0.79, 0.05??3?0.29, 0.03??3?0.23, and 0??3?0.09) Formula (2): ZnO—Al—Y [(100??4?64):?4:?4] (Y: Mn, Ge, Ti, or mixture thereof, 0.5??4?10.0, and 0?B4?25.

Abstract: To provide an optical recording medium exhibiting favorable write/read characteristics in high-speed recording. In an optical recording medium including a reflective layer, a dye-containing recording layer, and a transparent resin layer on a substrate in this order, a barrier layer is disposed between the recording layer and the resin layer, where the barrier layer comprises a material having a bulk thermal conductivity M of 70 W/m·K or more at 300 K and has a thickness t less than 5 nm.

Abstract: An optical recording medium is an optical recording medium having an inorganic recording film and has a transparent conductive film on the inorganic recording film. The inorganic recording film has a first recording film containing titanium (Ti) and a second recording film containing an oxide of germanium (Ge). The transparent conductive film is provided on the side of the second recording film. The transparent conductive film contains an oxide of tin (Sn).

Abstract: An information recording medium, 15 capable of recording information by irradiation of light or applying electrical energy, wherein at least one of first and second dielectric layers 102, 106, first interface layer and counter-incident side interface layer 103, 105 is formed from a Si—In—Zr/Hf—O-based material containing at least Si, In, M1 (M1 represents at least one element selected from among Zr and Hf) and oxygen (O), with Si content being 1 atomic % or more. This medium has high recording sensitivity when information is recorded thereon, high overwrite cycle-ability and high signal intensity.

Abstract: A method is used to produce a bulk SiC single crystal. A seed crystal is arranged in a crystal growth region of a growing crucible. An SiC growth gas phase is produced in the crystal growth region. The bulk SiC single crystal having a central longitudinal mid-axis grows by deposition from the SiC growth gas phase, the deposition taking place on a growth interface of the growing bulk SiC single crystal. The SiC growth gas phase is at least partially fed from an SiC source material and contains at least one dopant from the group of nitrogen, aluminum, vanadium and boron. At least in a central main growth region of the growth interface arranged about the longitudinal mid-axis, a lateral temperature gradient of at most 2 K/cm measured perpendicular to the longitudinal mid-axis is adjusted and maintained in this range. The bulk SiC single crystal has a large facet region.

Abstract: A heat collector includes a heat absorption surface, an opposite heat focus surface and one or more surrounding sides. A matrix of the heat collector is a thermally conductive material. There is a plurality of adiabatic pores mixed within the matrix. A relative concentration distribution of the adiabatic pores increases from the heat absorption surface to the heat focus surface, and decreases from the surrounding sides to a center of the heat collector. The shape of the heat collector can be rectangular, cylindrical, prismatic, plate-shaped, square, or polyhedral. The heat collector can draw heat generated from electrical components, and collect the generated heat for reuse in order to enhance energy efficiency.

Abstract: The optical storage medium according to the invention uses a mask layer as a super resolution near field structure, which comprises a doped semiconductor material. The semiconductor material is n-doped particularly such that the reflectivity of the semiconductor material is increased, when irradiated with a laser beam. As a semiconductor material advantageously an indium alloy and as a doping material selenium or tellurium can be used. For the manufacturing of a respective optical storage medium a sputtering method for depositing the doped semiconductor material as the mask layer can be used, wherein the dopant is included already in the semiconductor sputtering target.

Abstract: A method for testing the mechanical properties of a specimen having a first contact surface and a second contact surface spaced apart and opposing the first contact surface, the method comprising: applying forces to the contact surfaces of the specimen to deform the specimen over a period of time and determining the response of the specimen to the forces over time; and defining a spatial distance between the contact surfaces such that the equivalent gauge length of the specimen is greater than the distance between the contact surfaces.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a data storage device comprising: a data storage medium for storing data in the form of topographic features; and at least one probe for writing and/or reading the data stored in the data storage medium, wherein the data storage medium is formed on a support layer, the support layer having a lower shear modulus than the data storage medium.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a disk shaped component comprising fabricating a disk shaped component using a composite material having at least a first material and a second material, wherein the first material is disposed at and proximate to a center portion of the disk shaped component and the second material is disposed at and proximate to a rim of the disk shaped component, wherein the first material comprises a first coefficient of thermal expansion, a first stress value and a first oxidation resistance, and the second material comprises a second coefficient of thermal expansion, a second stress value and a second oxidation resistance, wherein the first coefficient of thermal expansion is greater than the second coefficient of thermal expansion, the first stress value is greater than the second stress value and the first oxidation resistance is less than the second oxidation resistance.

Abstract: A two-layered optical recording medium which includes a first substrate, a first information layer, a second information layer, and a second substrate formed in this order as viewed from the light beam irradiation side, the first information layer includes a first lower dielectric layer, a first recording layer, a first upper dielectric layer, a first reflective layer, and an inorganic dielectric layer formed in this order as viewed from the light beam irradiation side; the second information layer includes a second lower dielectric layer, a second recording layer, a second upper dielectric layer, and a second reflective layer formed in this order as viewed from the light beam irradiation side; and the first reflective layer is made of Cu with a content of 99.8% by mass to 95.0% by mass and one or more metals selected from Ta, Nb, Zr, Ni, Cr, Ge, Au, and Mo.

Abstract: An optical information recording medium has a substrate, and an optical reflection layer, an optical recording layer containing an organic dye, an interlayer, and a cover layer formed in this order on the substrate. The interlayer contains a sputtered Nb2O5—Al2O3-based composite oxide having an Nb2O5 content of more than 50 mol % and less than 60 mol %.

Abstract: Disclosed is a disposable bath mat for use in bath facilities, such as bathtubs and shower stalls. The disposable bath mat comprises a top layer and a bottom layer coupled to a bottom surface of the top layer. The top layer is composed of a biodegradable material and the bottom layer is composed of a slip-resistant material.

Abstract: A multi-layer information recording medium comprising a substrate that has an inner circumference and an outer circumference, three or more information recording layers and resin layers disposed between the information recording layers, wherein positions of the ends on the inner circumference side of the resin layers are different from each other in at least one combination of two neighboring resin layers, and the end on the inner circumference side of at least one of the resin layers is covered by another resin layer.

Abstract: An information recording medium of the present invention includes a recording layer whose phase changes by irradiation with a laser beam or application of current. The recording layer contains, as its main component, a composite composed of Ge and Sb that are essential components, and Te that is an optional component. The composite has a composition within a region enclosed by: point (a) (35, 65, 0), point (b) (36.9, 60, 3.1), point (c) (3.2, 60, 36.8), and point (d) (5, 95, 0) in terms of a coordinate (Ge, Sb, Te)=(x, y, z) on the triangular coordinate shown in FIG. 1, where point (b) corresponds to a point at Sb=60 on Ge60Te40—Ge35Sb65, point (c) corresponds to a point at Sb=60 on Te—Ge5Sb95, and the region includes lines extending between point (a) and point (b), point (b) and point (c), point (c) and point (d), and point (d) and point (a).

Abstract: To provide an optical recording medium in which error-causing short marks are produced in numbers small enough excellent high-recording characteristics and in which amorphous marks are uniform in shape. The optical recording medium includes: a first protective layer; a recording layer containing Sb as a main ingredient; a second protective layer; and a reflective layer, the first protective layer, the recording layer, the second protective layer and the reflective layer being provided in the order in which light passes through the medium for recording and reproduction of information, wherein the first protective layer and/or the second protective layer, both of which are in contact with the recording layer, are/is formed of a crystalline oxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aqueous polyurethane urea dispersion comprising a polyurethane urea polymer comprising structural units of the formula (I) wherein Aromat represents a compound selected from the group consisting of phenylene, tolylene, xylylene, tetramethylxylylene and diphenylenemethane, and wherein the polyurethane urea is obtained from components comprising A) at least one aromatic diisocyanate, B) at least one polyether polyol having a number-average molecular weight of from 300 to 1500 Da, C) at least one compound having one to two isocyanate-reactive groups and at least one ionogenic group, D) at least one polyol having a number-average molecular weight of from 60 to 499 Da, and E) water, wherein the average overall functionality of compounds B) to D) is from 1.85 to 2.2 and wherein the sum of the amount of aromatic urea groups and the amount of urethane groups is 2700 to 5000 mmol per kg polyurethane urea polymer.

Abstract: An optical information recording medium having the same recording volume as that of DVD-ROM is obtained which shows excellent characteristics at recording linear velocities within a range of twice linear velocity of DVD (about 8.2 m/s) to five times liner velocity of DVD (about 20.5 m/s) and excellent archival stability, by a construction including a transparent substrate, a recording layer which is formed on the substrate directly or with another layer interposed therebetween and can change in phase reversibly by a laser beam irradiation, wherein the composition of the recording layer is within a region bounded by composition points A(41.2, 7.4, 51.4), B(39.8, 10.5, 49.7), C(28.5, 21.7, 9.8), and D(30.6, 15.8, 53.6) in a triangular coordinate graph represented with a coordinate of (Ge, Sb—Bi, Te) and a Bi content in the recording layer is 4 atom % and more and less than 13 atom %.

Abstract: An optical information recording medium that can simultaneously achieve both a high transmittance and high signal quality of an information layer, improve the reliability of long-term conservation, and reduce the manufacturing cost, and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. In an optical information recording medium including at least one information layer on a substrate, at least one of the information layers has a recording layer and a dielectric layer, the recording layer contains Te, O, and M (M is one or a plurality of elements selected from Au, Pd, and Pt) as major components, the dielectric layer has a thermal conductivity of 0.01 W/K·cm or more, and the dielectric layer has an extinction coefficient of 0 through 1.0 inclusive.

Abstract: The information recording medium of the present invention is provided with a substrate and an information layer including a recording layer. Rerecording and reproducing of information are performed by irradiating the information layer with a laser beam. The recording layer contains, as its main component, a material composed of Te, O, and M, where M denotes at least one element selected from Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, and Au. In the material, the content of Te atom is 1 to 19 atom %, the content of O atom is 20 to 70 atom % (preferably 40 to 70 atom %), the content of M atom is 11 to 79 atom % (preferably 11 to 59 atom %, and more preferably more than 35 atom %). The material is, for example, is indicated as the region enclosed by A, B, C, and D, preferably by C, D, E, and F, and more preferably by E, F, H, and G, in the composition diagram of a ternary material of Te—O—Pd shown in FIG. 1.

Abstract: An optical medium including a plurality of data layers stacked relative to each other in a dielectric medium. A respective data layer including mark and land regions for having information recorded thereon. A mark region and a land region in the respective data layer are disposed beside each other and have substantially the same optical path length across respective thicknesses of the mark region and the land region. A method and computer program product associated with forming the optical medium which determines whether an admittance curve for a material to be used as the mark region forms an intersection with a desired admittance curve based on the admittance of a land region disposed beside the mark region, and determines a thickness of the material based on the intersection.

Abstract: A preform for an optical element is provided which involves less amount of deformation of glass in molding, and readily improves lifetime of the mold. The present preform for molding an optical glass element 10 exhibits an almost circular shape having a predetermined diameter in top view, exhibits a flattened semicircular shape having a predetermined overall height in side view, has a concave face on the top surface such that the predetermined overall height is attained at approximately the central position of the aforementioned circular shape, and has a concave face so as to fit along the convex face of the top surface such that a space is provided on the bottom face. The under surface may be either a concave face or a convex face. Also, the top surface may be either a concave face or a convex face.

Abstract: An article comprising a metal support with two opposing faces at least one of which is covered by a discontinuous ceramic coating. Said coating has a softening point above the melting point of the support and has at least one absorbing element for the laser radiation at a wavelength of the order of 1 ?m, being at least 1% of the weight of said coating. The invention further relates to a method for producing said article.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical film containing aromatic polymer which shows high solubility to solvents, and methods for production thereof. Further, the invention also relates to an optical laminate, a polarizing plate, and an image display device each using the optical film. The optical film may be attained by using polyester with a specific structure. The polyester with a specific structure may be obtained by condensation polymerization of bisphenol compound(s) and dicarboxylic acid compound(s) with biphenyl structure, and preferably has no halogen atom in its chemical structure. The optical film of the invention advantageously has not only high solubility in solvents but also a high level of heat resistance and birefringence producing capability. When the content of the biphenyl structure is high, the optical film of the invention can also have large wavelength dispersion of birefringence.

Abstract: An information recording medium of the present invention includes recording layers 19 and 26 whose phase can change by an optical or an electrical system so as to be detectable, and interface layers 18, 20, 25 and 27, which are in contact with the recording layers 19 and 26, to serve as oxide layers. The recording layer 19 contains a Ge—Bi—Te-M material represented by a formula: Ge?Bi?Te?M100-?-?-? (atom %), where M denotes at least one element selected from Al, Ga, In and Mn, and ?, ? and ? satisfy 25???60, 0<??18, 35???55, and 82??+?+?<100. The interface layers 18, 20, 25 and 27 contain at least one oxide of the element M contained in the recording layers 19 and 26.

Abstract: Optical recording mediums comprising a substrate and a recording layer and a light transmitting layer sequentially disposed on the substrate; wherein the substrate comprises one or more parts selected from the group consisting of injection molded parts, injection molded sandwich structures having a molded surface layer and a molded core layer or two injection molded parts which are UV-bonded, and combinations thereof; and wherein the substrate has a Young's modulus E of at least 2.15 GPa and a Q factor of lower than 160 measured at 25° C. at 2000 Hz in accordance to ASTM E 756-05.

Abstract: In a write-once optical information recording medium including a substrate, a groove-shaped track such as a guiding groove, and an optical recording layer containing an organic dye material and disposed on the guiding groove, wherein information is recorded by irradiating a short-wavelength laser beam from a surface of the optical recording layer opposite the substrate, and the information can be reproduced by reading a change in the reflected light of a short-wavelength laser beam after the information recording, an unrecorded portion of the optical recording layer has a lower reflectance than a pit portion formed after recording to a portion of the optical recording layer, the optical recording layer has a refractive index n in the range of about 1.2 to about 2.1 before recording and an extinction coefficient k in the range of about 0.01 to about 0.7 before recording, and n+k is in the range of about 1.4 to about 2.1.

Abstract: A superhard composite material comprising a polycrystalline diamond cutter (PDC) having a cutting surface and cutting edges having a polycrystalline diamond thickness of about 3 mm is integrally formed with a sacrificial catalyst source that is removed later in the processing of the of the cutter.

Abstract: An optical recording medium including a substrate, an information recording layer including a recording layer and a cover layer, wherein information is written and read on the information recording layer by irradiation of laser beam via the cover layer, the cover layer includes an ultraviolet curing resin and an inner hardness Hi defined as hardness H of the cover layer on a side of the information recording layer satisfies the following relationship: 3.8?Hi?5.5, when H=3.8584×F/(h×h), wherein h represents an indented depth in a state in which a triangular pyramid indenter with a tip angle of 115° is pressed under F=9.8 mN.

Abstract: A main surface of a glass substrate for a magnetic disk is disk-shaped and has a ski jump on an outer peripheral end portion of the main surface opposing a magnetic head slider to be loaded. A rate of change of angles of tangents to a slope of the ski jump in a radial direction in a range between an inner circumferential side and a transition point on the slope is equal to or less than 10/W ?rad/mm where W is a width of the magnetic head slider.

Abstract: Improved techniques for forming a reflective layer of an optical disc are provided. One improvement includes forming the reflective layer over an information layer of the disc by utilizing a metallizer and a masking device having an angled lip configured to align to an outer edge of the information layer. The masking device allows the applied reflective layer to extend to the outer diameter edge of the information layer, and shields plasma generated by the metallizer from reaching internal components of the metallizer. The masking device may include a pusher having a spring mechanism attached to an inner masking portion of the masking device.

Abstract: A coated abrasive article includes a backing having a surface, a plurality of abrasive regions overlying the surface in each of the first and second portions, and at least one macro-channel. The surface of the backing has a shape defined by an outer contour. A bisecting axis divides the shape into first and second portions. Each abrasive region includes a binder and a plurality of abrasive grains in contact with the binder. The abrasive grains have an average grain size of not greater than about 200 microns. The at least one macro-channel defines a passageway extending between a pair of adjacent abrasive regions and terminating at openings at the outer contour within each of the first and second portions. The macro-channel has an average channel width of between about 0.1 millimeters to about 5 millimeters and is substantially free of the binder and the abrasive grains.

Abstract: An optical recording medium is provided. The optical recording medium includes at least a reflective film and a cover layer on a substrate; main data by a combination of pit and land are recorded on the substrate; a write-once recording is made to be possible on the reflective film by irradiating a laser light; sub-data are recorded by a mark that is formed by the irradiation of laser light for the write-once recording with respect to the reflective film; a reproducing signal level at portion where said mark is formed increases for the land of specified length; the mark by which the reproduced level decreases at the portion where the mark is formed is formed for an optical disc recording medium manufactured by physical copy; the reflective film is composed of an Ag-alloy film of Ag100-xXx(0<x<100); and the X is selected from Ti, W, Ta, V, Mo, Nb and Zr.

Abstract: A write-once information recording medium having a high recording sensitivity and reliability with respect to long-term storage is provided. The information recording medium has a recording layer on a substrate, to which information can be recorded and from which information can be reproduced by irradiating the recording layer with laser light or applying electrical energy to the recording layer. The recording layer contains, as its primary components, TeO2 and a material A, where the material A is a material that exhibits a eutectic reaction with TeO2.

Abstract: A target cylinder and a method for testing a superhard component thereon. The target cylinder includes a first end, a second end, and a sidewall extending from the first end to the second end. At least one of the second end and the sidewall is an exposed portion that makes contact with the superhard component to determine at least one property of the superhard component. The exposed portion comprises at least one synthetic material having at least one of a compressive strength raging from about 12 kpsi to about 30 kpsi, an abrasiveness ranging from about 1 Cerchars to about 6 Cerchars, and an iron content ranging from about 5 percent to about 10 percent. Optionally, the exposed portion further comprises a second material interveningly positioned between or within the synthetic material in a predetermined and repeatable pattern.

Abstract: The present invention is aimed to provide a high-performance single-sided double-layer optical recording medium with reduced crosstalk between recording marks, wherein favorable recording signal properties are obtained even from the second recording layer located more distant from the substrate to which the light is applied, and reproducing method thereof, and an optical recording and reproducing apparatus. The optical recording medium possesses the following aspects: the optical recording medium comprises a first substrate, a first information layer, an intermediate layer, a second information layer and a second substrate in this order; the first information layer comprises a first recording layer; the second information layer comprises a second reflective layer, a second recording layer with an organic dye and a protective layer; and the pyrolysis temperature range, the DTA peak width of the thermal analysis on the organic dye in the second recording layer, is 45° C. or less.

Abstract: A glass for use in chemical reinforcement for use in a substrate of an information recording medium, having a composition comprising, denoted as mol %: SiO2 47 to 70%? Al2O3 1 to 10% (where the total of SiO2 and Al2O3 is 57 to 80%) CaO 2 to 25% BaO 1 to 15% Na2O 1 to 10% K2O 0 to 15% (where the total of Na2O and K2O is 3 to 16%) ZrO2 1 to 12% MgO 0 to 10% SrO 0 to 15% (where the ratio of the content of CaO to the total of MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO is greater than or equal to 0.5) ZnO 0 to 10% (where the total of MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO, and ZnO is 3 to 30%) TiO2 0 to 10% and the total content of the above-stated components is greater than or equal to 95%.

Abstract: A next-generation optical recording medium has two or more information layers which include a translucent information layer. The translucent information layer has a recording film and an interface layer, provided adjacent to the recording film on the side of the light incident surface. The recording film is made of a phase change material having SbxTeyGez elements and elemental ratios. Y satisfies 5?y?15 and z satisfies 5?z?15. When In having an elemental ratio of a is further added and x+y+z+a=100 holds, a satisfies 4?a?15. The interface layer comprises of ZrO2—Cr2O3 film thickness of which is in a range of from 2 nm to 10 nm. When ZrO2:Cr2O3?C:D (mol %), the compositional ratios ZrO2 and Cr2O3 in the ZrO2—Cr2O3 film, holds, the C satisfies 20?C?90, and the D satisfies 10?D?80, and the C and the D satisfy C+D=100. The ZrO2 is stabilized ZrO2 which contains Y2O3, when ZrO2:Y2O3=(100?X):X (mol %), the compositional ratios ZrO2 and Y2O3 in the stabilized ZrO2, holds, the X satisfies 2?X?10.

Abstract: Methods and systems for content distribution are provided that include a broadcast transmitter for transmitting a signal that comprises content, a receiver for receiving the signal, and an optical disc recorder coupled to the receiver for recording the content to an optical disc, which may be an optically altered optical disc.