Abstract: The present invention provides a ceramic circuit board comprising: a ceramic substrate and a metal circuit portion bonded to at least one main surface of the ceramic substrate; wherein each of ratios of Ra1/Ra2 and Ra2/Ra1 is 1.5 or less in which a surface roughness in terms of arithmetical average surface roughness Ra in arbitral one direction of the ceramic substrate is Ra1 while a surface roughness Ra in a direction normal to the one direction of the ceramic substrate is Ra2, and a breakdown voltage of the ceramic substrate is 20 kV/mm or more. According to the above structure of the present invention, there can be provided a ceramic circuit board having an excellent heat-cycle resistance and bending strength characteristics without impairing a heat radiating property, and capable of increasing an operating reliability as electronic device.

Abstract: A composite material includes a structural carrier layer and a relatively thin metal foil layer separated by a release layer. The release layer, that may be an admixture of a metal such as nickel or chromium and a non-metal such as chromium oxide, nickel oxide, chromium phosphate or nickel phosphate, provides a release force for the metal foil layer from the carrier strip that is typically on the order of 0.1 pound per inch to 2 pounds per inch. This provides sufficient adhesion to prevent premature separation of the metal foil layer from the carrier layer, but easy removal of the carrier layer when desired. The metal foil layer may be electrolytically formed copper having a low height profile, on the order of 0.5 micron to 2.7 microns, bond strength enhancing agent coating a side of the metal foil layer. The enhanced surface is subsequently bonded to a dielectric and the carrier layer then removed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a metal foil excellent in electrical contact stability, and low in cost, by eliminating plating processes. Specifically, the present invention is a metal foil excellent in electrical contact stability characterized by having a surface roughness wherein the ratio Ra/Sm between the arithmetic average of roughness Ra and the average interval Sm of concavities and convexities is 0.001 or more, which average values are obtained by measuring the roughness in the direction in which the average interval Sm of the concavities and convexities on the surface is smallest. It is preferable that the material of the metal foil is stainless steel or phosphor bronze.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium is disclosed, comprising a support having provided thereon a magnetic layer containing a ferromagnetic powder and a binder as main components, wherein the ferromagnetic powder is a hexagonal ferrite powder having an average tabular diameter of from 15 to 40 nm, the perpendicular factor of squareness ratio SQ of the magnetic layer is from 0.1 to 0.55, the specific surface area and the total pore volume per weight of the magnetic layer by a nitrogen adsorption method are from 0.1 to 50 m2/g and from 0.001 to 1 ml/g, respectively, and the magnetic layer thickness is from 0.02 to 0.3 &mgr;m.

Abstract: An article is coated with a multi-layer decorative and protective coating having the appearance of stainless steel. The coating comprises a polymeric layer on the surface of said article and vapor deposited on the polymeric layer a stack layer containing layers of refractory metal or metal alloy alternating with layers containing the reaction products of refractory metal or refractory metal alloy, nitrogen and oxygen wherein the total nitrogen and oxygen content of these reaction products is from about 4 to about 32 atomic percent, with the nitrogen content being at least about 3 atomic percent.

Abstract: The method of preparing cold mill work rolls for forming a surface finish on a metal substrate includes the steps of placing a work roll on a grinder, truing the work roll, roughening the work roll, and performing at least one finishing pass on the work roll. The method may further include the step of sanding the work roll. The finished work roll may be inserted into a cold mill and the metal substrate cold rolled with the work rolls to achieve the desired surface finish.

Abstract: An aluminum alloy plate for a planographic printing plate capable of being provided with a satisfactory roughed surface by electrolytic etching. The aluminum alloy plate contains 0.1 to 0.6% of Fe, 0.01 to 0.2% of Si, 5 to 150 ppm of Cu, and balance of Al and unavoidable impurities and has a surface layer portion formed of a metastable phase dispersion layer in which metastable phase AlFe-based intermetallic compound particles are dispersed. The metastable intermetallic compound particles each act as a starting point for pits. The alloy plate is formed with a roughed surface which is reduced in unetching and uniformly formed with pits, by electrolytic etching.

Abstract: An alloy for golf club head include by weight 25 to 31 wt % manganese, 6.3 to 7.8 wt % aluminum, 0.65 to 0.85 wt % carbon and 5.5 to 9.0 wt % chromium, and the balance being iron. Additions of 0.8 to 1.5 wt % silicon, 2.0 to 5.0 wt % titanium, or 0.5 to 1.0 wt % molybdenum are optionally included in the alloy. Due to the chromium, titanium and molybdenum, the alloy has a good resistance to corrosion, a good finished surface quality after being forged at a temperature from 800° C. to 1050° C. A combination of high ductility and high tensile strength is achieved after the alloy has been treated at a temperature from 980° C. to 1080° C. for 1 to 24 hours.

Abstract: An article is coated with a multi-layer coating having a stainless steel color. The coating comprises an electroplated layer or layers on the article surface, a refractory metal or refractory metal alloy strike layer on the electroplated layer or layers, a color layer containing a refractory metal oxide or refractory metal alloy oxide having a substoichiometric oxygen content on the strike layer, and a refractory metal oxide or refractory metal alloy oxide having a substantially stoichiometric oxygen content layer on said color layer.

Abstract: An article is coated with a multi-layer decorative and protective coating having the appearance of stainless steel. The coating comprises one or more electroplated layers on the surface of said article and vapor deposited on the electroplated layers a color layer comprised of the reaction products of refractory metal or refractory metal alloy, nitrogen and oxygen wherein the total nitrogen and oxygen content is from about 4 to about 32 atomic percent with the nitrogen content being at least about 3 atomic percent.

Abstract: An article is coated with a multi-layer decorative and protective coating having the appearance of stainless steel. The coating comprises one or more electroplated layers on the surface of said article and vapor deposited on the electroplated layers a stack layer containing layers of refractory metal or metal alloy alternating with layers containing the reaction products of refractory metal or refractory metal alloy, nitrogen and oxygen wherein the total nitrogen and oxygen content of these reaction products is from about 4 to about 32 atomic percent with the nitrogen content being at least about 3 atomic percent.

Abstract: The invention relates to the manufacture of metal foil electrodes useful in the manufacture of printed circuit boards having passive circuit components such as capacitors, resistors or inductors configured in a planar orientation. A copper foil is coated on each opposite side with a thin layer of nickel, which increases the range of functionality of the foil.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a copper foil having excellent adhesion to an etching resist layer, without performing physical polishing such as buffing in pre-treatment of an etching process to form a circuit from the copper foil. To attain the object, in electroforming, a titanium material having a grain size number of 6.0 or more is employed as a copper deposition surface of the rotating drum cathode, and glue and/or gelatin is added in an amount of 0.2-20 mg/l to a copper sulfate solution, thereby producing a drum foil. An electrodeposited copper foil obtained from the drum foil, wherein 20% or more of the crystals present in a shiny side surface of the electrodeposited copper foil have a twin-crystal structure, is used for producing copper-clad laminates.

Abstract: A method of making cookware and bakeware having a stick resistant and mar resistant cook surface comprising the steps of providing a cooking utensil having a cook surface, and cryogenically treating the cooking utensil at one or more selected temperatures comprising −100° F. to −300° F. or lower to harden said cook surface. The cooking utensil may have a bare metal cook surface, or it may be coated with a stick resistant coating such as one of a PTFE, metal nitride or sulfide coating or combinations thereof prior to the cryogenic hardening treatment.

Abstract: A drill resistant plate, which presents a rough surface of hardened particles to drilling attack, and which tends to snap or destroy drill bits before they can began drilling. The plate is made by brazing hard particles into a matrix of brazing material attached to a steel plate. Nickel-Silver brazing material is used to form the matrix on the steel plate, and tungsten carbide particles of 8-10 mesh are secured within the matrix, with the hard particles of tungsten carbide partially exposed, presenting a roughened surface with angular pieces of tungsten carbide to the drilling attack.

Abstract: On the surface of a light-transmitting plate material 22, a transparent metal thin film 24 is provided, and further, on the surface of the transparent metal thin film 24, a hydrophilic functional layer 26 containing a photocatalytic substance is provided. The hydrophilic functional layer 26 comprises a laminate of, from the side of the transparent metal thin film 24, a photocatalytic layer 28 containing a photocatalytic substance and a hydrophilic layer 30 containing a hydrophilic substance.

Abstract: A composite copper foil (10) comprises a carrier foil (12) formed by electrodeposition onto a cathode, the carrier foil (12) having a cathode side formed in contact with the cathode and an opposite electrolyte side. A very thin release layer (14) is on the electrolyte side of said carrier foil (12). A thin functional foil (16) formed by deposition of copper has a front side in contact with the release layer (14) and an opposite back side. The electrolyte side of the carrier foil (12) has a surface roughness Rz less than or equal to 3.5 &mgr;m. There is also presented a method for manufacturing such a composite copper foil.

Abstract: The present invention is: a metallic foil to be used for a metallic honeycomb for purifying exhaust gas of an automobile or the like, said metallic foil not causing cracks or ruptures to develop in the foil even when it undergoes corrugation work with more sharply bending corner portions of a trapezoidal shape; and a catalyst support for purifying exhaust gas of an automobile or the like, characterized in that said metallic foil, being rough surface finished and having good corrugation workability, is made of heat-resistant stainless steel and has surface roughness more than 2.0 and not more than 5.0 &mgr;m in Rmax and, said metallic catalyst support for purifying exhaust gas has a structure comprising a honeycomb inserted in a jacket, wherein the honeycomb is composed of rough surface finished metallic foil having surface roughness more than 2.0 and not more than 5.0 &mgr;m in Rmax and the jacket is made of heat-resistant stainless steel.

Abstract: The method for manufacturing galvanized steel sheet has a step of adjusting the surface texture thereof by blasting solid particles against the surface thereof. The surface texture is defined by at least one parameter selected from the group of parameters consisting of mean roughness Ra on the surface of steel sheet, peak count PPI on the surface of steel sheet, and filtered centerline waviness Wca on the surface of steel sheet. The galvanized steel sheet has a surface in dimple-pattern texture.

Abstract: A composite material, comprising a carrier strip the carrier strip comprising a first side the first side comprising a substantially uniform roughness, an electrolytically deposited copper foil layer having opposing first and second sides and a thickness of from 0.1 micron to 15 microns and the entire metal foil layer thickness having been deposited from a copper containing alkaline electrolyte, and a release layer effective to facilitate separation of the metal foil layer from the carrier strip disposed between and contacting both the first side of the carrier strip and the second side of the metal foil layer.

Abstract: A method for producing a turbine airfoil that is coated with a beta phase, high aluminum content coating, such as substantially stoichiometric NiAl, and which has a surface finish suitable for application of a ceramic topcoat. The method involves impacting the coating with preselected particles of a preselected size so that the brittle coating is not adversely affected by chipping or breakage. The impacting produces a surface finish of 120 micro-inches or better so that a ceramic thermal barrier layer can be applied over the coating. The preferred method of improving the surface finish utilizes steel balls having a diameter of about 0.033″ and a peening intensity of no greater than about 6A.

Abstract: A support for a lithographic printing plate obtained by performing surface graining and anodizing of an aluminum alloy plate, wherein the foregoing aluminum alloy plate contains specific contents of Fe, Si, Cu, Ti, Zn and Mg, with the balance being Al and incidental impurities. The presensitized plate obtained from this support for a lithographic printing plate is excellent in press life and in resistance to dot ink stain when processed into a lithographic printing plate. Preferably, the support for a lithographic printing plate, with regard to the surface of the support, has a center line average roughness Ra in the range of 0.2-0.6 &mgr;m, a maximum height Rmax in the range of 3.0-6.0 &mgr;m, a ten-point mean roughness Rz in the range of 2.0-5.5 &mgr;m, a center line peak height Rp in the range of 1.0-3.0 &mgr;m, a center line valley depth Rv in the range of 2.0-3.5 &mgr;m, a mean spacing Sm in the range of 40-70 &mgr;m, an average inclination &Dgr;a in the range of 6.0-12.

Abstract: A method of producing high quality optical surfaces is disclosed. The invention allows for the production of optical surfaces with complex geometry while retaining the high quality of the optical surface. A top layer is provided on a substrate. In order to adhere the top layer to the substrate, an adhesion layer is applied first. In the preferred embodiment, the substrate is an aluminum substrate, the adhesion layer includes a layer of zinc and a layer of nickel and the top layer is gold. The substrate is generally stress free in order to provide a flat surface with no undulations. This allows a relatively thin layer of gold to be applied which then can be diamond turned in order to achieve a reflective layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a porous electrode wire for use in electrical discharge machining and the method of manufacturing the same. The wire improves the machining speed at least 15% compared with a conventional zinc coated wire, which results from an increased cooling ability of the wire with a cooling liquid because of the increase in the surface area of the wire having porous surface morphology. Since the surface of the porous wire presents uniform profile of outer periphery rather than surface protrusions, it does not affect machining accuracy. Further, the porous nature of the wire is expected to improve flushability during the electrical discharge machining, providing spaces to eliminate particles of the machining. Therefore, in accordance with the method of the present invention, a zinc coated wire having improved performance of machining speed and flushability compared with a conventional coated wire can be provided without additional processes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a porous electrode wire for use in electrical discharge machining device and the method of manufacturing the same. The wire improves the machining speed at least 15% compared with a conventional zinc coated wire, which results from an increased ability to cool the wire with a cooling liquid, because of the increase in the surface area of the wire due to its having porous surface morphology. Since the surface of the porous wire presents uniform profile of outer periphery rather than surface protrusions, it does not affect machining accuracy. Further, the porous nature of the wire is expected to improve flushability during electrical discharge machining, providing spaces to eliminate particles resulting from the machining. Therefore, in accordance with the method of the present invention, a zinc coated wire having improved performance of machining speed and flushability compared with a conventional coated wire can be provided without additional processes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a planographic printing plate capable of ensuring improvement of productivity and stability of a small dot net portion due to improvement of adhesion. There is provided a planographic printing plate, characterized in that a surface of an aluminum plate being a support element of the planographic printing plate has been subjected to preliminarily polishing mechanically by at least 0.1 &mgr;m; chemical etching treatment by at least 0.1 &mgr;m; electrochemically surface-roughening; and anodic oxidation, and for a surface structure of the aluminum plate: (a) an area (S) for a graphic formed by a reference straight line drawn from a top of a third highest mountain of a two-dimensional roughness curve downwardly by 1 &mgr;m and a roughness curve upper than the reference straight line is 30 &mgr;m2≦S≦150 &mgr;m2; (b) an average roughness Ra of average lines is 0.15 &mgr;m≦S≦Ra≦0.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a lead frame including the steps of electrocleaning the surface of a thin plate material, electropolishing the electrocleaned thin plate material, removing inclusions on the surface of the electropolished thin plate material, rinsing the inclusion-removed thin plate material with an acidic solution, and forming multi-plated layers on the rinsed material. The lead frame manufactured by the method has 5 or less inclusions each having approximately 1 &mgr;m, on the surface area of 1600 &mgr;m2, which impede a wire bonding property or solder wettability of the lead frame.

Abstract: A process for producing an electrodeposited copper foil with its surface prepared, comprising the steps of: subjecting an electrodeposited copper foil having a shiny side and a matte side whose average surface roughness (Rz) is in the range of 2.5 to 10 &mgr;m to at least one mechanical polishing so that the average surface roughness (Rz) of the matte side becomes in the range of 1.5 to 3.0 &mgr;m; and subjecting the matte side having undergone the mechanical polishing to a selective chemical polishing so that the average surface roughness (Rz) of the matte side becomes in the range of 0.8 to 2.5 &mgr;m. The invention further provides an electrodeposited copper foil with its surface prepared, produced by the above process, and still further provides PWBs and a multilayer laminate of PWBs, produced with the use of the above electrodeposited copper foil with its surface prepared.

Abstract: An article includes turbulation material bonded to a surface of a substrate via a bonding agent, such as a braze alloy. In an embodiment, the turbulation material includes a particulate phase of discrete metal alloy particles having an average particle size within a range of about 125 microns to about 4000 microns. Other embodiments include methods for applying turbulation and articles for forming turbulation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cast iron component for enveloped casting which is characterized by that the cast iron component has a surface to which enveloped casting is applied and which has a surface roughness such that a maximum height Ry is from 65 to 260 &mgr;m and a mean spacing of profile irregularities Sm is from 0.6 to 1.5 mm; an enveloped casting product using it; and a method for its production.

Abstract: A high permeability grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet with a higher tension-imparting effect and more excellent cohesion and magnetic properties compared to the prior art, which also maintains sufficient corrosion resistance to withstand practical use; the grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet has on its surface an insulation coating comprising a first layer composed mainly of a divalent or trivalent metal hydrogen phosphate salt and silica, and a second layer composed mainly of aluminum borate and leaving a surface roughness of 0.1 &mgr;m-0.35 &mgr;m in terms of Ra (center like average roughness).

Abstract: A method of coating of steel products such as plate and sheet using an aluminum-zinc coating alloy includes modifying the coating bath with a particulate compound constituent in effective amounts to decrease the spangle facet size of the coated product, improve tension bend rust stain performance, improve coated surface appearance when brushed, and coated product paintability. Constituents include borides such as titanium boride and aluminum borides, carbides such as titanium carbide, and aluminides such as titanium aluminide. The method produces a coated steel product that does not require temper rolling for painting.

Abstract: An artificial snow tile system made up of one or more artificial snow tiles, which are optionally backlightable and wind-resistant, for affixing to a surface; an artificial snow tile having a rough surface having a dull white luster to resemble one or more layers of fallen snow, and at least two edges that are opposite each other and mirror images of each other, such that an edge may be lined up with a respective opposite edge of another tile so as to create a smooth continuous snow drift appearance without visible gaps between the edges.

Abstract: A surface treated metallic material according to the present invention comprises a metallic substrate and a metallic compound layer formed thereon, wherein the entire surface of the metallic compound layer is covered with minute, upright, scaly protrusions. The width in the major axial direction of the scaly protrusions is between 0.05˜0.5 &mgr;m and the thickness between 0.01˜0.1 &mgr;m, and the thickness of the metallic compound layer is between 0.1˜1.0 &mgr;m. The metallic compound layer incorporates one, or two or more of, the materials selected from the group consisting of chromium oxide, chromium hydroxide, niobium oxide, niobium hydroxide, rhodium oxide, rhodium hydroxide, vanadium oxide, vanadium hydroxide, palladium oxide, palladium hydroxide, nickel oxide, and nickel hydroxide. By using surface treated metallic materials of this type, bonding strength to a resin layer can be improved.

Abstract: A method of coating of steel products such as plate and sheet using an aluminum-zinc coating alloy includes modifying the coating bath with a particulate compound constituent in effective amounts to decrease the spangle facet size of the coated product, improve tension bend rust stain performance, improve coated surface appearance when brushed, and coated product paintability. Constituents include borides such as titanium boride and aluminum borides, carbides such as titanium carbide, and aluminides such as titanium aluminide. The method produces a coated steel product that does not require temper rolling for painting.

Abstract: A continuous steel strip consisting especially of austenitic or martensitic steel, with at least one weld seam running crosswise to the longitudinal extension of the steel strip, for twin presses. The steel strip includes at least one first surface layer which extends essentially across the entire steel strip and which has a different composition to an intermediate layer located between said first surface and a second surface facing the first. The intermediate layer extends essentially across the entire steel strip. The first surface layer consists of the steel of the steel strip and has regularly positioned heat-influenced areas, e.g., zones, situated next to or overlapping each other and/or fusion penetration areas, e.g., zones.

Abstract: The present invention provides a chrome-plated sliding member free from periodical decreases in wear resistance or seizure resistance without the necessity to intentionally bend a multi-layer hard chrome plating film. This is a sliding member having a multi-layer hard chrome plating film on the sliding surface of the substrate 1. Microcracks 6 opening to the outer surface side of the individual hard chrome plating layers are distributed in hard chrome plating layers 2, 3, 4 and 5. The microcracks of the individual hard chrome plating layers comprise relatively shallow portions 6a where bottoms stop within a single layer, and relatively deep portions 6b and 6c where cracks run through two or more layers. The quantities of the microcracks expressed by the area ratios of microcracks on a cross-section of the hard chrome plating film include a quantity of the portions where cracks stop within a single layer within a range of from 1.5 to 35.

Abstract: A support for a lithographic printing plate with no damage in appearance such as unevenness in the form of streaks and with excellent pit homogeneity. A support for a lithographic printing plate obtained by subjecting a surface of an aluminum alloy plate to a surface treatment including alkali etching and an electrochemical graining treatment, wherein the aluminum alloy plate shows dispersion of 50% or lower for each element, the dispersion being defined by an specific equation with regard to contents of Fe, Si, Mn, Mg and Sn in a surface layer portion thereof which is from the surface to a depth of 1 &mgr;m.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of forming a substrate with preparing a surface capable of making a cocontinuous bond comprising the steps of 1) obtaining a copper or copper alloy substrate and 2) applying an etching composition which comprises (a) an acid, (b) an oxidizing agent, (c) a copper complexing agent, and (d) a copper complex, wherein the copper complex is present in an amount which precipitates when applied to the copper or copper alloy substrate. The method also includes the step of 3) treating the substrate with a coating composition and/or 4) applying a stripping composition to the substrate. The invention also relates to copper articles, having surface porosity, including multilayer articles such as printed circuit boards and compositions used in the method. The present invention provides microporous copper or copper alloy substrates which have improved adhesion properties to organic material.

Abstract: A process of producing a gold decorative item, including, sequentially producing an alloy of gold, silver, copper and zinc, forming the gold alloy into a specific shape according to the design of the decorative item and polishing the surface of the decorative item so formed, submerging the decorative item in an acid solution and etching its surface to form a scale pattern, submerging the decorative item in an alkaline solution removing unwanted substances formed on the surface during etching.

Abstract: A thin film product having a nanostructured surface, a laminate product including the thin film and a temporary substrate opposite the nanostructured surface, a laminate product including the thin film and a final substrate attached to the nanostructured surface and a method of producing the thin film products. The thin film is particularly useful in the electronics industry for the production of integrated circuits, printed circuit boards and EMF shielding. The nanostructured surface includes surface features that are mostly smaller than one micron, while the dense portion of the thin film is between 10-1000 nm. The thin film is produced by coating a temporary substrate (such as aluminum foil) with a coating material (such as copper) using any process. One such method is concentrated heat deposition or a combustion, chemical vapor deposition process.

Abstract: Treated copper foil produced by electrodepositing on a matte surface of a base copper foil a “corrective” copper layer having a surface roughness different from the surface roughness of the matte surface of the base foil and which has a peak count greater than the peak count of the matte surface of the base foil. In the electrodeposition there are used a unique electrolyte composition and plating conditions effective to control the micro-throwing process of the plating process so that the surface roughness of the corrective is substantially constant from one batch of base foil to another.

Abstract: A bond coat and method of forming a bond coat for a thermal barrier coating system are set forth. The bond coat is a roughened bond coat and comprises a layer possessing an uneven, undulated, and irregular surface. The layer is formed of a metal powder mixture disposed on a substrate, such as a turbine component, by high velocity oxygen fuel spraying. The metal powder mixture comprises at least one of a first powder having a first melting point and a second powder having a second melting point that is higher than the first melting point. The bond coat's uneven, undulated, and irregular surface enhances prevention of de-bonding of elements in a thermal barrier coating system.

Abstract: Galvannealed steel sheet and method, made by applying hot-dip galvanizing to a steel sheet, heating at a heating rate of at least about 10° C./second to a maximum sheet temperature within a range of from about 470 to 550° C., and applying an alloying treatment; the Al content XAl% in the hot-dip galvannealing layer and the coating weight W g/m2 satisfy the following equation (1); thereby producing a Zn—Fe galvannealing layer having an iron content of from about 7 to 12%; the galvannealed steel sheet has intensities of &zgr;-phase, &dgr;1-phase and &Ggr;-phase that satisfy the following equations (4) and (5) as observed through X-ray diffraction with the galvannealing layer peeled off the galvannealed steel sheet at the galvannealing/steel sheet interface, and the galvannealed steel sheet having excellent press workability, having a whiteness and a glossiness within prescribed ranges: 5≦W×(XAl−0.12)≦15  (1) I(&zgr;:1.26)/I(&dgr;1:2.13)≦0.

Abstract: A method of providing a roughened bond coat, for example in a thermal barrier coating system, comprises providing an oxidation-resistant plasma-sprayed layer onto a substrate and disposing a slurry overlayer on the oxidation-resistant plasma-sprayed layer. These steps form a roughened bond coat possessing an uneven, undulated, and irregular surface. A roughened bond coat in a thermal barrier coating system reduces de-bonding of the bond coat and a thermal barrier coating layer, which is desirable to maintain the insulation features of the thermal barrier coating system.

Abstract: A support for lithographic printing plate which is obtained by performing surface roughening treatments including electrolytic graining on an aluminum alloy plate containing Fe, Si, Cu. Ti, Mg and Ni in specified amounts, with the balance being Al and incidental impurities. The Ni content, Cu content and the average surface roughness of the roughened support surface satisfy a specified relationship. A lithographic printing plate prepared from the support have longer press life, higher resistance to staining and better surface quality.

Abstract: A sheet laminate for use in a press lay-up between printed circuit board panels having a steel substrate layer and a copper foil layer releasably bonded with resistance welds and adhesive to at least one surface of the substrate layer.

Abstract: A structure and associated methods are provided having enhanced slip-resistant surfaces formed on the projections, recesses or other surfaces of the structure to promote safe and stable movement of people and/or objects on the structure. These structures can include, for example, those materials commonly installed on vehicles such as emergency vehicles. The methods associated with the structure include roughening at least one smooth surface of the structure to provide an enhanced slip-resistant surface. In separate aspects of the method, for example, mechanical roughening processes are disclosed which employ a set of two rollers, a single roller or a punch die arrangement to roughen a smooth surface of a structure. The enhanced slip-resistant structure can then be installed on a vehicle or employed in a variety of other applications where safe and stable movement of people and/or objects is desirable.

Abstract: An aluminum extruded door beam includes an outer flange, an inner flange, and at least one web for connecting the outer flange and the inner flange. The outer corners at the extended ends of the outer flange have a radius R of 2.5 mm or less. The outward corners at the connections between the web and the inner flange and between the web and the outer flange have a radius R of 2 mm to 4 mm. The radius of the outward corners at the connections between the web and the inner flange and between the web and the outer flange is 1.5 to 2 times the width of the web. The length of the extended ends of the outer flange is 1 to 2 times the radius R of the outward corner at the connections between the web and the outer and inner flanges. The aluminum alloy extruded door beam material contains 0.8 to 1.5% by weight (hereinafter the same) of Mg and 4 to 7% of Zn, and the recrystallization surface layer has a thickness of 50 &mgr;m or less.

Abstract: A decorative titanium material according to the present invention eliminates a deterioration of the appearance even after processing, that is, provides a small surface roughness, and has a hardened layer of titanium at the surface of the titanium material, this hardened surface layer including nitrogen and oxygen, and having a surface crystal grain size in the range from 0.1 to 60 &mgr;m.