Abstract: The method for manufacturing galvanized steel sheet has a step of adjusting the surface texture thereof by blasting solid particles against the surface thereof. The surface texture is defined by at least one parameter selected from the group of parameters consisting of mean roughness Ra on the surface of steel sheet, peak count PPI on the surface of steel sheet, and filtered centerline waviness Wca on the surface of steel sheet. The galvanized steel sheet has a surface in dimple-pattern texture.

Abstract: A copper foil for lamination to a dielectric substrate is coated with a laser ablation inhibiting layer having an average surface roughness (Rz) of less than 1.0 micron and an average nodule height of less than 1.2 micron that is effective to provide a lamination peel strength to FR-4 of at least 4.5 pounds per inch. The coated foil further has a reflectivity value of at least 40. The coated foil is typically laminated to a dielectric substrate, such as glass reinforced epoxy or polyimide and imaged into a plurality of circuit traces. Blind vias may be drilled through the dielectric terminating at an interface between the foil and the dielectric. The coated foil of the invention resists laser ablation, thereby resisting piercing of the foil by the laser during drilling.

Abstract: This invention relates to a structure on a bi-color rust-proof barrier layer of a tool head, mainly used to form a surrounding recessed section marked with indication of a size, a model, a trademark and the like on a surface of a tool head (a metallic object) so that the structure on the rust-proof barrier layer painted with the different two colors is provided between the recessed section and the peripheral surface, thereby highlighting the indication marked at the recessed section so as to increase the distinctions of said object from other object.

Abstract: An electromagnetic shielding copper foil superior in electromagnetic shielding ability, high in transmittance, and free from particle shedding comprising a copper foil on at least one surface of which a fine roughening particle layer of copper or an alloy is provided and having on the fine roughening particle layer a smoothening layer comprised of cobalt, nickel, indium, or an alloy of the same and an electromagnetic shield able to be suitably used for a PDP using the same. The fine roughening particle layer may also be a layer comprised of a fine particle roughening particle layer of copper on which a fine roughening particle layer of a copper alloy is stacked or may also be formed by a copper-cobalt-nickel alloy. The smoothening layer of the copper foil may be treated for stainproof or by a silane coupling agent to protect the surface of the copper foil.

Abstract: A coating and coating process for incorporating surface features on an air-cooled substrate surface of a component for the purpose of promoting heat transfer from the component. The coating process generally comprises depositing a first metallic coating material on the surface of the component using a first set of coating conditions to form a first environmental coating layer, and then depositing a second metallic coating material using a second set of coating conditions that differ from the first set, such that an outer environmental coating layer is formed having raised surface features that cause the surface of the outer environmental coating layer to be rougher than the surface of the first environmental coating layer.

Abstract: A copper foil having a high etching factor, enabling formation of fine patterns excellent in linearity of bottom lines of circuit patterns and without leaving particles of copper foil forming the circuit patterns in the resin, free from a drop in bond strength between the copper foil and resin substrate due to the processing for formation of solder balls, excellent in visibility, and excellent in mounting of ICs on fine patterns, comprising a copper foil on at least one surface of which is provided an alloy fine roughening particle layer comprised of a copper-cobalt-nickel alloy with contents of cobalt and nickel equal to or greater than that of copper, specifically a copper foil on the surface of the copper foil for bonding with the resin substrate of which is provided an alloy fine roughening particle layer comprised of 5 to 12 mg/dm2 copper, 6 to 13 mg/dm2 cobalt, and 5 to 12 mg/dm2 nickel, wherein the alloy fine roughening particle layer provided on the copper foil surface may be treated for stainproof or

Abstract: The present invention relates to a double-sided copper-clad laminate for forming a capacitor layer, formed by adhering electrodeposited copper foils on the both sides of a dielectric layer of a thickness of 10 &mgr;m or less, and the object of the present invention is to secure good voltage resistant proprieties.

Abstract: An electrodeposited copper foil having a rough surface having knob-like projections and a surface roughness of 2 to 4 &mgr;m at part of a surface thereof produced by electrolysis using an electrolyte containing copper as a main component and a compound having mercapto groups, at least one type of another organic compound, and chloride ions and an electrodeposited copper foil obtained by roughening treating an untreated copper foil having a matte side, for bonding with a resin substrate, having knob-like projections and a surface roughness of 2 to 4 &mgr;m by running a predetermined current through it for a predetermined time in an electroforming bath.

Abstract: Copper foil for fine pattern printed circuits having a sufficient bond strength with a resin substrate, eliminating the problems of residual copper, erosion at the bottom portions of the circuit lines, etc. at the time of formation of fine patterns, and superior in heat resistance and electrical characteristics, comprising untreated copper foil roughening treated on its surface, wherein the untreated copper foil before roughening treatment is an electrodeposited copper foil having a surface roughness in terms of 10-point average roughness Rz not more than 2.5 &mgr;m and a minimum distance between peaks of rough pyramid of at least 5 &mgr;m or having further crystal grains of an average particle size of not more than 2 &mgr;m exposed at the surface thereof, and a method of production of the same.

Abstract: An article is coated with a multi-layer decorative and protective coating having the appearance of stainless steel. The coating comprises a polymer basecoat layer on the surface of said article and vapor deposited at relatively low pressure on the polymer layer a protective and decorative color layer comprised of the reaction products of refractory metal or refractory metal alloy, nitrogen and oxygen wherein the nitrogen and oxygen content of the reaction products are each from about 4 to about 32 atomic percent with the nitrogen content being at least about 3 atomic percent.

Abstract: A metallized polyimide film of the present invention comprises a polyimide film 1 which has undergone surface roughening treatment to produce a surface Ra value of 2 to 10 nm, an intermediate layer 2 formed from one, or two or more elements selected from a group consisting of molybdenum, silicon and silicon monoxide, which is formed on top of the surface which has undergone surface roughening treatment with an average thickness of 5 to 50% of the aforementioned Ra value, and a conductive metal layer 4 which is formed on top of the intermediate layer 2. This construction improves the bonding strength between the polyimide film and the metal layer.

Abstract: A method for applying a bond coat on a metal-based substrate is described. A slurry which contains braze material and a volatile component is deposited on the substrate. The slurry can also include bond coat material. Alternatively, the bond coat material can be applied afterward, in solid form or in the form of a second slurry. The slurry and bond coat are then dried and fused to the substrate. A repair technique using this slurry is also described, along with related compositions and articles.

Abstract: An article is coated with a multi-layer decorative and protective coating having the appearance of stainless steel. The coating comprises a polymeric basecoat layer on the surface of said article and vapor deposited on the polymeric basecoat layer a stack layer containing layers of refractory metal or refractory metal alloy alternating with layers containing the reaction products of refractory metal or refractory metal alloy, nitrogen and oxygen. Over the stack layer is vapor deposited at relatively low pressures a protective color layer comprised of the reaction products of refractory metal or refractory metal alloy, oxygen and nitrogen wherein the total nitrogen and oxygen content of these reaction products is from about 4 to about 32 atomic percent, with the nitrogen content being at least about 3 atomic percent.

Abstract: A heat-dissipating substrate is made of a composite material comprising a first composition primarily composed of aluminum and a second composition primarily composed of silicon carbide and/or silicon The heat-dissipating substrate has a recess in one of its main faces. The main faces have fine unevenness, and the maximum amplitude of the fine unevenness in the depth direction of a main face is smaller than the maximum length in the depth direction of composite particles comprising the first composition and the second composition or particles of the second composition, the particles being exposed at the surface of the main face.

Abstract: An injection-molded plastic part having a first thermoplastic component and a second thermoplastic component. Areas consisting of the first thermoplastic component are present at least on one surface of the injection-molded plastic part next to areas of the second thermoplastic component. The first thermoplastic component is an LCP and the second thermoplastic component is a syndiotactic polystyrene.

Abstract: Devices for the management of contact spots, partly consisting of surface plating, partly of surface polishing and partly of substrate surface profiling in the form of parallel grooves stretched out in the direction of sliding and/or of isolated asperities. The management of the contact spots is designed to generate, at electrical brush interfaces, a large number of contact spots of pre-determined shapes and distribution that promote low electrical contact resistance and long wear life. Preferably, the substrate is coated with a hard, highly conductive coating that is resistant to wear and chemical attack. The invention is similarly applicable also to electrical switches wherein it will assure reduction of interfacial resistance as well as of sticking forces. Finally, it may also be used for the efficient transfer of heat across interfaces.

Abstract: The aim of the present invention is to provide a phosphate treated zinc coated steel sheet with excellent workability. A steel sheet coated with a zinc based alloy has a phosphate treated coating on the surface thereof. The phosphate treated coating comprises mainly granulated crystals, specifically, crystals in which the average ratio of the major axis to the minor axis is not less than 1.00 and not more than 2.90. Moreover, the method for producing the phosphate treated coating uses a phosphate treatment solution in which the amount of Mg ions is ≧6 g/l and the amount of Zn ions is ≧0.5 g/l, or a phosphate treatment solution in which the amount of Mg ions is ≧10 g/l, the amount of Zn ions is 0≦ and <0.5 g/l, and the amount of nitric acid ions is ≧40 g/l.

Abstract: The tin-plated steel sheet includes a base steel sheet; a tin plating layer coating approximately more than 97.0% of the base steel sheet; and a chemical conversion coating having approximately 0.5 to 100 mg/m2 phosphorus and approximately 0.1 to 250 mg/m2 silicon formed on the tin plating layer and an unplated region corresponding to approximately less than 3.0%. The tin-plated steel sheet does not contain chromium which is harmful to the environment but has superior overcoat adhesion property, discoloration resistance, and rust resistance.

Abstract: There is provided a laminated structure having a silicon carbide coating layer formed by sputtering on an alloy substrate, and the silicon carbide has a light transmittance of 70% or greater. It is preferable that the alloy substrate is a magnetic alloy or a phase-changing alloy, the impurity ratio on the surface of the silicon carbide coating layer is 1.0×1012 atoms/cm2 or less and the thickness of the silicon carbide coating layer is 10 to 100 nm. Since the laminated structure has a silicon carbide coating layer which is excellent in oxidation resistance, chlorine resistance, humidity resistance, and which has high refractive index, high light transmittance and the like, it is suitable for an optical disk recording medium such as a CD-RW, a DVD-RAM or the like.

Abstract: An article is coated with a multi-layer coating having a bronze color. The coating comprises a nickel basecoat layer, and a color and protective stack layer comprised of layers of carbon-rich refractory metal or refractory metal alloy carbonitride alternating with layers of nitrogen-rich refractory metal or refractory metal alloy carbonitride.

Abstract: A method is provided for altering residual stresses in a fiber-metal-laminate structure. At least a first fiber laminate substrate layer having first and second surfaces is provided. At least a first outer metallic laminate layer having third and fourth surfaces is provided, and the first and fourth surface is provided, and the first and fourth surfaces are bonded together. The third surface is peened, such that the at least first fiber laminate substrate layer is subjected to residual tensile stresses and the at least first outer metallic laminate layer is subjected to residual compression stresses. Peening defines a peened region that extends from the third surface into the at least first outer metallic laminate layer a finite distance that is closer to the third surface than the fourth surface.

Abstract: A magneto-optical recording medium includes at least a reflective layer and a recording layer formed in this order on a substrate, in which record and reproduction of information are carried out by irradiating the medium with laser beam from a recording layer side. The reflective layer includes two or more thin film layers different in surface roughness, of which one near the substrate has a surface tension smaller than a surface tension of one near the recording layer. The medium exhibits a coercive force and CNR of a recording layer of a magneto-optical recording medium to realize high density recording by contriving the constitution of the recording layer.

Abstract: A method of providing turbulation on the inner surface of a passage hole (e.g., a turbine cooling hole) is described. The turbulation is first applied to a substrate which can eventually be inserted into the passage hole. The substrate is often a bar or tube, formed of a sacrificial material. After the turbulation is applied to the substrate, the substrate is inserted into the passage hole. The turbulation material is then fused to the inner surface, using a conventional heating technique. The sacrificial substrate can then be removed from the hole by various techniques. Related articles are also described.

Abstract: A soldering method achieving a high-strength joint between a solder and an nickel/gold electroless plated surface is disclosed. The nickel/gold electroless plated layer is soldered using a solder including tin (Sn), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). At a solder joint, a layer sturcture of nickel layer/intermetallic compound layer/solder layer is formed. The intermetallic compound layer is composed mainly of tin (Sn) and copper (Cu), and further including nickel (Ni). The intermetallic compound layer has cauliflower-shaped surfaces formed in a solder-layer's side thereof.

Abstract: The object is to provide a copper foil excellent in the property of selective etching between a resistor layer and a copper layer required in production of a printed-wiring board, and also excellent in UL heat resistance. For this purpose, a copper foil for printed-wiring board comprising a nodular treatment side on one side, wherein a nickel-zinc alloy layer is formed on the nodular treatment side is used for applications of printed-wiring boards. At the same time, a production method suitable for production of the copper foil is provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a metal foil excellent in electrical contact stability, and low in cost, by eliminating plating processes. Specifically, the present invention is a metal foil excellent in electrical contact stability characterized by having a surface roughness wherein the ratio Ra/Sm between the arithmetic average of roughness Ra and the average interval Sm of concavities and convexities is 0.001 or more, which average values are obtained by measuring the roughness in the direction in which the average interval Sm of the concavities and convexities on the surface is smallest. It is preferable that the material of the metal foil is stainless steel or phosphor bronze.

Abstract: A copper foil for chip-on-film use, a plasma display panel, or a high-frequency printed circuit board obtained by rolling copper foil to smooth the surface to give a surface area of not more than 1.30 times an ideal smooth surface, the smoothed copper foil having deposited on it fine roughening particles of Cu or alloy particles of Cu and Mo or alloy particles comprising Cu and at least one element selected among a group of Ni, Co, Fe, and Cr or a mixture of this alloy particles and oxide of at least one element selected among a group of V, Mo, and W.

Abstract: The present invention is: a metallic foil to be used for a metallic honeycomb for purifying exhaust gas of an automobile or the like, said metallic foil not causing cracks or ruptures to develop in the foil even when it undergoes corrugation work with more sharply bending corner portions of a trapezoidal shape; and a catalyst support for purifying exhaust gas of an automobile or the like, characterized in that said metallic foil, being rough surface finished and having good corrugation workability, is made of heat-resistant stainless steel and has surface roughness more than 2.0 and not more than 5.0 &mgr;m in Rmax and, said metallic catalyst support for purifying exhaust gas has a structure comprising a honeycomb inserted in a jacket, wherein the honeycomb is composed of rough surface finished metallic foil having surface roughness more than 2.0 and not more than 5.0 &mgr;m in Rmax and the jacket is made of heat-resistant stainless steel.

Abstract: The invention provides a galvannealed steel sheet which has an oxide layer having 10 nm or larger thickness on the plateau of the coating layer flattened by temper rolling. With the use of the galvannealed steel sheet, no powdering occurs during press-forming, and stable and excellent sliding performance is attained. By selecting the area percentage of the plateau of the flattened coating layer to a range from 20 to 80%, making the coating layer single layer of &dgr;1 phase, and letting &zgr; phase exist in the &dgr;1 phase, further improved sliding performance and anti-powdering property are obtained.

Abstract: Substrates have anti-reflective hydrophobic surface coatings comprised of the reaction products of a vapor-deposited chlorosilyl group containing compound and a vapor-deposited alkylsilane. Most preferably the substrate is glass. In one preferred form of the invention, highly durable antireflective hydrophobic coatings may be provided by forming a silicon oxide anchor layer from a humidified reaction product of silicon tetrachloride, followed by the vapor-deposition of a chloroalkylsilane, preferably dimethyldichlorosilane (DMDCS). The layer thickensses of the anchor layer and the overlayer are such that the coating exhibits light reflectance of less than about 1.5% (more preferably less than about 1.0%) at a wavelength of about 525 nm (+/−50 nm).

Abstract: A coated steel sheet composed of a steel sheet and at least two types of coating layers formed thereon is provided with an electrodeposition painting having a superior appearance. The coated steel sheet has an arithmetic mean roughness Ra, which is defined by JIS B 0601-1994, of from about 0.7 to about 1.5 &mgr;m and a peak per inch PPI of from about 180 to about 250.

Abstract: A process of forming a high-definition pattern by etching is provided. A photosensitive resin layer is formed on a metal substrate material having a center line-average surface roughness Ra of up to 0.10 &mgr;m and a maximum surface roughness Rmax of up to 1.0 &mgr;m to form a resist pattern. Then, the photosensitive resin layer provided on the metal substrate material is exposed to light to form a resist pattern. Finally, etching is carried out to form a pattern on the metal substrate material.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a glass-, ceramic- or vitroceramic-based substrate (1) provided on at least part of at least one of its faces with a coating (3) with a photocatalytic property containing at least partially crystalline titanium oxide. It also relates to the applications of such a substrate and to its method of preparation.

Abstract: Degradation of the surface luster of a hot-dip Zn—Al—Mg plated steel sheet is inhibited by controlling the contact temperature between the plating layer and a water stream in a water cooling step after plating layer solidification, thereby suitably controlling the strip temperature during contact with the water stream, and further by incorporating a small amount of a suitable readily oxidizing element in the plating bath to stabilize the oxidation state of the plating surface layer Al and Mg.

Abstract: A stainless steel separator, which is good of corrosion-resistance and low of contact-resistance, is proposed for a fuel cell. Its surface faced to a fuel electrode is pickled, which the other surface faced to an oxidizing electrode is roughened by electrolytic etching or the like. The roughening treatment may be performed before or after pickling and passivation. The roughened surface of the stainless steel separator without pickling or passivation may be faced to the oxidizing electrode.

Abstract: The method for manufacturing galvanized steel sheet has a step of adjusting the surface texture thereof by blasting solid particles against the surface thereof. The surface texture is defined by at least one parameter selected from the group of parameters consisting of mean roughness Ra on the surface of steel sheet, peak count PPI on the surface of steel sheet, and filtered centerline waviness Wca on the surface of steel sheet. The galvanized steel sheet has a surface in dimple-pattern texture.

Abstract: A zinc phosphate treated galvanized steel sheet capable of securing sufficient white rust resistance and non-uniform dew condensation resistance without requiring a sealing chromate treatment has high white color and is excellent in color tone uniformity. The galvanized steel sheet has a zinc phosphate film containing at least 2% of Mg and 0.01 to 1% of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co and Cu, and the adhesion value of the zinc phosphate film is at least 0.7 g/m2.

Abstract: A copper alloy material for connectors for reducing wear of a press die, the material comprising: 25 to 40 mass % of Zn and the balance of Cu and inevitable impurities; the material having an arithmetic mean surface roughness (Ra) along a direction perpendicular to a rolling direction for the material of 0.07 to 0.13 &mgr;m; maximum height (Ry) of not more than 1.3 &mgr;m; a surface oxide film having a thickness in a range of from 3 to 80 nm; and not less than 10 atom % of oxide of alloy elements, except for Cu, contained in the oxide film.

Abstract: A light-weight substrate (10) for thin film, large area electronic devices such as active matrix display devices, image sensing arrays and the like comprises a layer of rigid, cellular material (12) bonded to a comparatively thin glass sheet (11) on whose surface thin film circuit elements are provided. An aerogel material of higher than usual density can be used for the cellular layer. An array of microlenses may be provided between the cellular layer and the thin glass sheet.

Abstract: A stainless steel sheet useful as a separator for a low-temperature fuel cell has the surface state that a lot of fine projections (p) stand close together around many fine pits (d) formed over a whole surface. The surface state is realized by alternating electrolytic etching in a ferric chloride solution. When the stainless steel separator is built in a fuel cell, contact resistance between the separator and a graphite electrode is kept at a lower level even in a corrosive atmosphere. Consequently, the fuel cell can be driven with high power-generating efficiency over a long term even under severely corrosive conditions without generation of massive Joule heat.

Abstract: An alloy for golf club head include by weight 25 to 31 wt % manganese, 6.3 to 7.8 wt % aluminum, 0.65 to 0.85 wt % carbon and 5.5 to 9.0 wt % chromium, and the balance being iron. Additions of 0.8 to 1.5 wt % silicon, 2.0 to 5.0 wt % titanium, or 0.5 to 1.0 wt % molybdenum are optionally included in the alloy. Due to the chromium, titanium and molybdenum, the alloy has a good resistance to corrosion, a good finished surface quality after being forged at a temperature from 800° C. to 1050° C. A combination of high ductility and high tensile strength is achieved after the alloy has been treated at a temperature from 980° C. to 1080° C. for 1 to 24 hours.

Abstract: The invention relates to the manufacture of metal foil electrodes useful in the manufacture of printed circuit boards having passive circuit components such as capacitors, resistors or inductors configured in a planar orientation. A copper foil is coated on each opposite side with a thin layer of nickel, which increases the range of functionality of the foil.

Abstract: Provided are a Zn—Mg electroplated metal sheet excellent in corrosion resistance, formability and productivity, and a fabrication process therefor. The Zn—Mg electroplated metal sheet comprises a Zn—Mg electroplated layer including Mg and Zn, the Zn being a main component, formed on at least one surface of a metal substrate material. The Zn—Mg electroplated layer shows more excellent corrosion resistance by including a C component therein. The Zn—Mg electroplated metal sheet can be fabricated by performing electroplating with an acidic aqueous solution including metal salts of Zn and Mg, and in addition, a surface active agent.

Abstract: The purpose is to provide a surface treated copper foil and an electrodeposited copper foil with carrier to be employed for a copper clad laminate capable to be processed for simultaneous hole formation in the copper foil layer and a substrate resin layer using carbon dioxide gas laser. The purpose can be achieved by using a surface treated copper foil bearing a nickel layer or a cobalt layer with a prescribed thickness in one side of a copper foil or an electrodeposited copper foil with carrier provided with a nickel layer or a cobalt layer with a prescribed thickness between a carrier foil and an electrode posited copper foil layer. When a copper clad laminate is manufactured using these foils, the copper clad laminate is capable to be processed to easily and simultaneously form a hole in the copper foil layer and the substrate resin layer using carbon dioxide gas laser.

Abstract: A method for preventing contamination, oxidation and gas absorption of reactive materials, and articles formed thereby. The method generally entails depositing a first layer of a reactive material and a second layer of a substantially nonreactive material so that the second layer protects the first layer from a surrounding atmosphere. For example, the first and second layers may be deposited to form a film on a surface within a chamber that is desired to be maintained in a vacuum during use of the article. The second layer is sufficiently thin such that appropriately heating the first and second layers causes the reactive material of the first layer to become interdiffused with the nonreactive material of the second layer, to the extent that at least a portion of the reactive material is able to react and getter gases from the surrounding atmosphere.

Abstract: The invention concerns an iron powder characterised by spherical form and a porous structure throughout. The powder particles have an average particle diameter between 10 and 300 &mgr;m, a specific surface area of at least 100 m2/kg, a flowability of at least 35 s/50 g, a reactivity of less than 5 minutes and an apparent density lower than about 4 g/cm3. The iron powder is prepared by subjecting a dry powder of essentially spherical iron-containing agglomerates to a heat treatment in a reducing atmosphere at a temperature and time sufficient for obtaining particles essentially consisting of metallic iron and having a porous structure throughout. The obtained particles may then be subjected to sintering at a time and temperature sufficient for obtaining the required strength.

Abstract: An article, particularly a metallic article, is coated with a multi-layer coating having the color or appearance of dark copper. The coating comprises a chromium, refractory metal or refractory metal alloy adhesion promoting layer, a titanium-zirconium alloy nitride or titanium-zirconium alloy carbonitride protective and color layer, and a titanium-zirconium alloy oxide or titanium-zirconium oxynitride color enhancing layer.

Abstract: A Ti-base wire rod for forming molten metal excellent both in rod feeding smoothness and arc stability is disclosed. A wire rod 301 is composed of Ti metal, and has in the surficial portion including the surface thereof an oxygen enriched layer having an oxygen concentration higher than that in an inner portion. Ratio Tw/Dw of the thickness Tw of the oxygen enriched layer and the diameter Dw of the wire rod is adjusted within a range of 1×10−3 to 1×10−1, and the average oxygen concentration of the oxygen enriched layer is adjusted to 1 wt % or above.

Abstract: A heat-dissipating substrate is made of a composite material comprising a first composition primarily composed of aluminum and a second composition primarily composed of silicon carbide and/or silicon The heat-dissipating substrate has a recess in one of its main faces. The main faces have fine unevenness, and the maximum amplitude of the fine unevenness in the depth direction of a main face is smaller than the maximum length in the depth direction of composite particles comprising the first composition and the second composition or particles of the second composition, the particles being exposed at the surface of the main face.

Abstract: A lithographic printing plate support is provided which becomes a support of a PS plate which has excellent ability to withstand repeated printing, and in which defects in appearance, such as dirtying and the like, do not occur. Also provided are a method of manufacturing the lithographic printing plate support and a PS plate which has such merits.