Abstract: Electrodes ultilized in electrolytic processes are coated with materials improving the electrodes by the incremental hammering of the powdered material serving as the coating on to the base electrodes by means of known processes whereunder steel is coated with more precious metals or different metals. A more satisfactory electrolytic electrode is produced by a known process. Applicant has discovered that such known processes can apply to the upgrading of electrodes used in electrolytic processes.

Abstract: A cathode for use in solid electrolyte cells comprising a mixture of water-containing lead dioxide and a metal fluoride.

Abstract: There is disclosed a sealed lead acid button cell having a moulded acid resistant polymer case formed in two portions each portion having a central boss with a passage leading into the cell, and a metal plug located in the said passage, the inner end of the plug being electrically connected to the electrode located in that portion of the case, and a cap made of a metal harder than the metal of the said plug surrounding the central boss and squeezing it against the plug and the cap being electrically connected to the plug. The cap may thus be crimped around the boss or may be a force fit thereon. The case is provided with a pressure relief vent to allow gases to vent under service conditions.

Abstract: The manufacture of solid state cells with smearable cathode materials subject to radial expansion during cell discharge is improved by the consolidation of such materials within a radially rigid non-flexible wall-retaining member which serves as a jig for the cathode during the fabrication of the cell, and which is thereafter retained in the cell structure to control such radial expansion.

Abstract: A lead-acid battery capable of activation by the addition of electrolyte thereto includes at least one pack of formed positive and negative battery plates with insulating separators being interposed between adjacent plates. Part of the sulphuric acid used to form the plates is retained by the battery and has a specific gravity between 1.25 and 1.35, the amount of the retained acid being insufficient to electrically connect the plates during storage. In addition means is provided to seal the battery against ingress of air but allow gases generated in the battery to escape.

Abstract: A lead acid battery plate is disclosed wherein sodium silicate is added to the paste mix before the grids are pasted to reduce the tendency to create lead dust from handling of the plates without significantly reducing battery performance.

Abstract: A method of producing a lead-acid battery capable of activation by the addition of electrolyte thereto, comprises the steps of:starting with a battery container accommodating at least one pack of battery plate grids having insulating separators interposed between adjacent grids, each of said grids carrying the lead-acid battery paste required to produce a positive or a negative battery plate after conversion of the paste into the active material of the plate. With the grids immersed in an aqueous solution of sulphuric acid, an electric current is passed between the grids so that the solution rises to a temperature in excess of 180.degree. F. but not greater than 210.degree. F., the passage of the electric current converting the paste on the grids to the active material of the plates.

Abstract: A bipolar electrode support structure for use in a lead acid battery is constituted by a porous matrix of valve metal, impregnated with lead or a lead alloy, and is provided on at least one surface thereof with a rim-portion at which little or no lead is exposed. The rim-portion is used to maintain an electrolyte-tight seal in operation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a semi-permeable membrane for lead-acid batteries. The membrane has a microporous structure comprising a first polymer and a second polymer closely mixed together, the first polymer being poly (2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate), known as reticulated poly HEMA, characterized by the fact that the second polymer comprises one polymer or a mixture of several different polymers chosen from among polyoxyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, copolymers of acrylic and methacrylic acid, polyacrylates and polymethacrylates of alkyl, and the copolymers of the acrylates and methacrylates of alkyls.

Abstract: The present invention provides a maintenance-free battery having improved performance characteristics and utilizing a unique, hybrid combination of ternary alloys for the positive and negative grids. The positive grids are formed from a ternary, lead base alloy consisting essentially of lead, from about 1.0 to about 2.0% antimony and from about 1.2 to about 2.2% cadmium, the cadmium being present in an amount at least equal to the amount of antimony present; and the negative grids are formed from a ternary lead base alloy consisting essentially of lead, from 0.06 to about 0.20% calcium and from about 0.10 to about 0.40% tin, the percentages of each alloy being based on the alloy weight.

Abstract: The invention relates to a precursor for an electrical storage lead battery which can be converted into an operative storage battery by the mere addition of a sulphuric acid electrolyte. This precusor which has an unlimited shelf life consists of positive plates, of negative plate dispersed therebetween and of separator plates inserted between adjacent positive and negative plates and of a housing encasing the plates in dry condition. These separator plates consist of a densely compressed compact containing(a) 70 to 100% of pulverized silicon-dioxide or of another pulverized material which is capable of absorbing the liquid electrolyte and of being converted thereby into a pressure-resistant gel and(b) 0 to 30% of fibres of glass or any other acid-resistant and oxidation-resistant material.

Abstract: The active mass is supported by an antimony free or antimony poor grid having embedded therein antimony-containing storage bodies from which the antimony is released in controlled manner during the life span of the electrode.

Abstract: Storage batteries having negative and positive electrodes in which oxidized lead and/or lead oxide paste for the positive electrodes is applied to a metal base selected from the group consisting of tungsten-rhenium alloys, tantalum and titanium-tantalum alloys and lead and/or oxidized lead paste for the negative electrodes is applied to a metal base selected from the group consisting of tantalum, titanium-tantalum alloys and an alloy of tungsten-rhenium provided with a thin coating of cadmium, silver or lead which avoid the defects of the known electrodes.

Abstract: Lead dust evolution from battery plates is reduced by applying a coating containing a silicate. Also plates so produced.

Abstract: Between 0.001 and 0.5% by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene powder is incorporated in the composite electrochemically active mass carried on the lead plates of a lead-acid storage battery. In the case of the positive electrodes, the result is to lengthen the service life in terms of cycles of charging and discharging. In the case of the negative electrodes, the effect is to raise the low-current yield and the low-temperature high-current yield. The density of the composite mass is reduced and its water-holding properties increased.

Abstract: A process for electroplating nickel on titanium which comprises connecting the titanium as the cathode in an acid solution to form a layer of titanium hydride on the titanium and thereafter immersing the hydrided titanium in a nickel plating solution and cathodically plating nickel thereover.

Abstract: A bipolar electrode support structure for use in a lead acid battery is constituted by a porous matrix of valve metal, impregnated with lead or a lead alloy, and is provided on at least one surface thereof with a rim-portion at which little or no lead is exposed. The rim-portion is used to maintain an electrolyte-tight seal in operation.

Abstract: A long-life lead-acid storage cell comprises plate assemblies formed of strips of soft, essentially pure lead having a height to thickness ratio of 0.5-10. Each assembly is provided with an elongated resilient lowermost support bridge to prevent deformation of the lead. Composite plates are formed of a plurality of electrically interconnected vertically-stacked strips separated by elongated resilient strip retainers which prevent lateral displacement of the strips in a stack.

Abstract: A sealed lead acid cell is disclosed which has electrodes comprising metallic supports which minimize the evolution of hydrogen and resist deformation under their own weight, and which are separated by at least one layer of separator material, the capacity of the negative electrodes is arranged to be at least as great as the capacity of the positive electrodes, the thickness of the electrodes is less than 3mm, the thickness of the separator is in the range of 10% to 200% of the thickness of the electrodes, and the volume, E, of electrolyte in the cell in relation to the sum of the pore volume of the separators, X, and the pore volume of the positive and negative active materials, Y, is not greater than 2X + Y.

Abstract: To obtain the active material of lead batteries one of the initial components, that is, acid-resistant fibres are settled in an electric field on a horizontal continuously moving band, the fibres being oriented square to the band and subsequently the band is covered with lead powder which fills the gaps between the fibres, the thickness of the layer corresponding to the length of the synthetic fibres. Introduced into the obtained mixture is sulphuric acid and water. The method according to the invention has made it possible to improve the strength characteristics of electrodes thereby extending the life of batteries by 25- 30 percent.

Abstract: An improved grid for the production of positive electrodes for use in electric storage batteries is disclosed. The grid is formed of a base of lead or a lead alloy which is essentially antimony-free and the base is coated with a lead alloy containing one or more metals whereby the resulting grid achieves charging potentials essentially the same as achieved with conventional lead-antimony alloy grids while minimizing the possibilities of antimony poisoning. The grid may be made by electrically coating the surface alloy onto the support.

Abstract: An accumulator having an acid electrolyte and possessing two electrodes of the first kind mounted on base electrodes. The active material on the positive side contains manganese dioxide. The base electrode on the negative side consists of powdered graphite embedded in a binder which is resistant to the electrolyte. The base electrode on the positive side has a coarse porous structure and consists of graphite or titanium coated with titanium nitride or titanium carbide. The average pore diameters are from 0.1 to 2 mm and the pore volume is from 20 to 70%.

Abstract: A lead storage battery with positive and negative plates, the contact lugs of which respectively are connected with one another by lug bridges. The grid upper part of each plate grid is covered with an acid resistant synthetic material covering, which synthetic material covering surrounds the contact lugs acid-tight, the synthetic material covering being connected acid tight with the cell cover or one-piece composition case cover. The lug bridges are connected with one another outside of the acid space of the contact lugs.

Abstract: An electrode grid for lead accumulators, said grid being formed from a lead alloy free from antimony and consisting of tellurium, arsenic and silver in a total concentration of at most 0.1% by weight, at least 0.1% tin by weight of the alloy, and the balance pure lead.

Abstract: A maintenance-free battery having improved float current (i.e.-current draw) characteristics is provided by adding elemental zinc, or a zinc affording compound such as zinc sulfate to the battery in amounts sufficient to decrease the float current that would otherwise occur during voltage regulated overcharge. Rather than utilizing zinc alone, a mixture of zinc and cadmium may likewise be employed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to flexible electrode material, preferably lead chloride, and to a method and apparatus for the continuous manufacture thereof. Such electrode material is useful in sea water batteries for sonobuoys.

Abstract: Accumulators having solution electrodes containing manganese dioxide and lead dioxide as active material on the cathode side and containing acid electrolytes. The electrolyte has a content of onium salts soluble in aqueous medium.

Abstract: A lead-acid storage cell is operated at a temperature of about 70.degree. C and comprises a positive electrode which, in the charged state, carries an active mass consisting predominantly of lead dioxide, a negative electrode consisting predominantly of lead in the charged condition, and a sulfuric acid electrolyte. To permit the storage cell to operate at the elevated temperature without deterioration, the negative electrode is provided with a sheath permeable to the electrolyte but impermeable to particles released from the negative electrode. The sheath, which may constitute the interelectrode separator, can consist of a nonwoven or woven fabric of glass fiber or a nonwoven or woven fabric of unsubstituted or perhalogenated polyolefin or a layer of ceramic. The electrolyte in the cell is covered by a vaporization-resistant layer consisting of floating solid particles or a liquid which is unaffected by the high operating temperature.

Abstract: Galvanic element with a negative electrode of a light metal, a non-aqueous electrolyte and a positive electrode containing arsenites, particularly silver and mercury arsenites, as the electrochemical reducible part of the electrode mass. The use of arsenites exhibit an especially high energy density and a very constant discharge potential during operation.

Abstract: A cathodic active material is described utilizing the periodates of heavy metals and preferably of silver. These materials are particularly suitable for use as positive electrodes in nonaqueous electrolyte cells and such electrodes and the cells are described. A method for fabrication of the active material into cathodes is included.

Abstract: Corrosion of the current collectors in cells utilizing vanadium oxides and chromates as cathode materials is prevented by the utilization of metals from Groups IVb, Vb, and VIb of the Periodic Table for fabricating the current collectors and leads in contact with the cathode materials. Ta, Ti, and Mo are preferred materials. Cells containing such structures are described as well as an intermediate protective structure.

Abstract: This invention generally relates to a lead-acid storage battery comprising positive plates having the characteristic of both paste type and clad type plates and pasted negative plates which are alternately arranged and separators each disposed between the adjacent positive and negative plates. The positive plates each comprise a grid or substrate having spaced longitudinal members of electrically conducting material and spaced latitudinal members formed integrally with the longitudinal members, the latitudinal members having the thickness smaller than that of the longitudinal members. The latitudinal members may be omitted if the substrate can be filled with active material without any latitudinal members. Each of the positive plates comprises pasted active material filled in the grid; and active material holder composed of porous insulating sheets mounted on active material.

Abstract: A sealed lead acid cell is disclosed which has electrodes comprising metallic supports which minimize the evolution of hydrogen and resist deformation under their own weight, and which are separated by at least one layer of separator material, the capacity of the negative electrodes is arranged to be at least as great as the capacity of the positive electrodes, the thickness of the electrodes is less than 3mm, the thickness of the separator is in the range of 10 to 200% of the thickness of the electrodes, and the volume, E, of electrolyte in the cell in relation to the sum of the pore volume of the separators, X, and the pore volume of the positive and negative active materials, Y, is not greater than 2X + Y.

Abstract: A battery in which, to improve its discharging performance, the liquid electrolyte is maintained at a specific gravity that is optimum for electrical conductivity, and a magnetic flux is imposed upon the battery plates, and other such conditions which also favor electrical conductivity, saturation, storage and desaturation are maintained.

Abstract: A bipolar, lead acid battery incorporating titanium and/or zirconium electrode supports and having a fibre filling to maintain a pressure on the active mass located on the supports.

Abstract: The weight of the negative active mass is below 80% of the positive active mass.Preferably there is one more positive than negative plates.

Abstract: A lead chloride cathode suitable for use in seawater batteries comprises a supporting electrically conductive grid to which lead chloride is applied by dipping the grid in a molten lead chloride bath. The grid is preferably made of mesh or expanded metal, and after allowing the lead chloride to solidify, a conductive matrix is formed in the cathode by inserting it in a salt solution and partially discharging it to form electrically conductive lead pathways within the cathode adjacent the points at which the grid material is closest to the surface and the grid itself. The preferred method comprises dipping the mesh or grid material in molten lead chloride, removing the grid and the adhering lead chloride, allowing the lead chloride to solidify, and partially discharging the cathode to form conductive lead portions.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for preparing enveloped plates for batteries which comprises introducing an active material composition into the porous envelope of an enveloped plate when the envelope is assembled on the current conducting element of the plate, characterized in that the active material composition is introduced into the envelope as an aqueous slurry which has a rotating vane viscometer torque value (which is defined in the specification) in the range 0.006 to 0.06 lbs ft at 20.degree. C.A variety of suitable active material compositions are described together with apparatus suitable for carrying out the method.

Abstract: Electric cell having a positive electrode comprising an active material intimately intermixed with an electronic conductor, a negative electrode and an electrolyte whose solvent is a non-aqueous liquid. According to the invention, the said electronic conductor is selected so as to bring down the discharge voltage peak of the cell occurring at the beginning of the discharge to or close to the desired operative voltage discharge level required in use of the cell. Batteries according to the invention are advantageously used in watches.

Abstract: A battery electrode structure of flat configuration comprises a cast mass of electrochemically active material, said mass having contained therein and exposed opposite surfaces thereof an open-mesh electrically conductive structure adapted for connection to a battery terminal. An open-mesh electrically conductive support member in the mass and in contact with the exposed electrically conductive structure maintains electrical conductivity throughout discharge to ensure maximum use of the active material.