Abstract: Disclosed is an electrode, comprising: a metal foil; an electrode layer formed on at least one surface of the metal foil; and an insulating layer formed on the electrode layer; wherein boundary portion between the insulating layer and the electrode layer is in a state in which a part of the insulating layer engages into a part of the electrode layer, and Ls/L is 1.25 or more, wherein a reference length of a straight line in a direction in which the metal foil extends is taken as L and a boundary length along boundary between the insulating layer and the electrode layer is taken as Ls.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatus for encapsulating objects like that of microelectronic components and batteries. The system includes three successive layers that include a first covering layer composed of an electrically insulating material deposited by atomic layer deposition, which at least partly covers the object, a second covering layer that includes parylene and/or polyimide, and which is disposed on the first covering layer, and a third covering layer deposited on the second covering layer in such a way as to protect the second encapsulation layer, namely, with respect to oxygen, and thereby increase the service life of the object.

Abstract: A method for preparing a dry electrode is disclosed. The method comprises mixing of nanoparticles and graphene nanosheets in powder form to obtain a nanocomposite. The nanocomposite is compressed to obtain a compacted material, which is rolled to obtain a three dimensional graphene architecture framework (3D-GAF) active film. The 3D-GAF active film is laminated on a current collector to obtain a three dimensional graphene architecture framework dry electrode for next generation energy storage devices.

Abstract: A method for pre-lithiation of a negative electrode for a secondary battery, for reducing the time required for pre-lithiation and reducing changes in volume of the electrode. The method includes immersing a negative electrode for a secondary battery in the electrolyte to perform electrolyte impregnation, and pre-lithiating the negative electrode. Immersing the negative electrode for the secondary battery in an electrolyte includes introducing the prepared negative electrode into an electrolyte bath containing the electrolyte, and removing air bubbles and moisture in the negative electrode by applying a vacuum to the electrolyte bath in which the negative electrode is immersed.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for carbon additives for direct coating of silicon-dominant anodes. An example composition for use in directly coated anodes may include a silicon-dominated anode active material, a carbon-based binder, and a carbon-based additive, with the composition being configured for low-temperature pyrolysis. The low-temperature pyrolysis may be conducted at <600° C. An anode may be formed using a direct coating process of the composition on a current collector. The anode active material yields silicon constituting between 86% and 97% of weight of the formed anode after pyrolysis. The carbon-based additive yields carbon constituting between 2% and 6% of weight of the formed anode after pyrolysis.

Abstract: A pouch-type secondary battery includes an electrode assembly; and a pouch member comprising an internal space configured to accommodate the electrode assembly therein and a degassing sealing portion formed to project inwardly by sealing one end portion releasing internal gas.

Abstract: An active material powder for use in a negative electrode of a battery, wherein the active material powder comprises active material particles, wherein the active material particles comprise silicon-based particles, wherein when said active material powder is crossed by a plane, then at least 65% of the discrete cross-sections of the silicon-based particles included in that plane, satisfy optimized conditions of shape and size, allowing the battery containing such an active material powder to achieve a superior cycle life and a production method of such an active material powder.

Abstract: Systems and methods for configuring anisotropic expansion of silicon-dominant anodes using particle size may include a cathode, an electrolyte, and an anode, where the anode may include a current collector and an active material on the current collector. An expansion of the anode during operation may be configured by utilizing a predetermined particle size distribution of silicon particles in the active material. The expansion of the anode may be greater for smaller particle size distributions, which may range from 1 to 10 ?m. The expansion of the anode may be smaller for a rougher surface active material, which may be configured by utilizing larger particle size distributions that may range from 5 to 25 ?m. The expansion may be configured to be more anisotropic using more rigid materials for the current collector, where a more rigid current collector may comprise nickel and a less rigid current collector may comprise copper.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a perovskite film and a composition for preparing the perovskite film. The manufacturing method of the perovskite film comprises a step of manufacturing a first mixed solution, a step of manufacturing a second mixed solution, a low pressure distillation step, a coating step, and a drying step. The technical effect of the present disclosure is to provide the manufacturing method of the perovskite film and the composition for manufacturing the perovskite film, wherein the perovskite film comprises components of a metal halide and an organic halogen salt to adjust absorption wavelengths and emission wavelengths by modulating components and concentration of each component and makes the perovskite film have a higher transmittance in the visible light band. When ultraviolet light illuminates the perovskite film, the perovskite film can produce visible light due to photoluminescence effect of the perovskite material in the perovskite film, thereby achieving display effect.

Abstract: A method of making an anode for use in an energy storage device includes providing a current collector having an electrically conductive layer and a metal oxide layer overlaying over the electrically conductive layer. The metal oxide layer has an average thickness of at least 0.01 ?m. A continuous porous lithium storage layer is deposited onto the metal oxide layer by a CVD process. The anode is thermally treated after deposition of the continuous porous lithium storage layer is complete and prior to battery assembly. The thermal treatment includes heating the anode to a temperature in a range of 100° C. to 600° C. for a time period in a range of 0.1 min to 120 min. The anode may be incorporated into a lithium ion battery along with a cathode. The cathode may include sulfur or selenium and the anode may be prelithiated.

Abstract: A battery having a thermal protection arrangement is disclosed which includes a housing, a first electrode, a second electrode, a polymer porous separator positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode, an electrolyte interspersed between the first electrode, the second electrode, and the polymer porous separator, at least one sensor holder having an electrode side and a housing side, with at least one cavity provided on the electrode side, the at least one sensor holder in firm contact with the first electrode or the second electrode, and at least one temperature sensor placed in the at least one cavity of the at least one sensor holder, the at least one cavity sized such that the outer surface of the temperature sensor being flush with remaining surface of the at least one sensor holder, and wherein the at least one temperature sensor has no contact with the polymer porous separator.

Abstract: A negative electrode active material comprising: particles of negative electrode active material, wherein the particles of negative electrode active material contain particles of silicon compound containing a silicon compound (SiOx:0.5?x?1.6), and wherein the particles of silicon compound have, as chemical shift values obtained from a 29Si-MAS-NMR spectrum, an intensity A of a peak derived from amorphous silicon obtained in ?40 to ?60 ppm, an intensity B of a peak derived from silicon dioxide obtained in the vicinity of ?110 ppm, and an intensity C of a peak derived from Si obtained in the vicinity of ?83 ppm, which satisfy the following formula 1 and formula 2. B?1.

Abstract: A copper foil, intended for use as a current collector in a lithium-containing electrode for a lithium-based electrochemical cell, is subjected to a series of chemical oxidation and reduction processing steps to form a field of integral copper wires extending outwardly from the surfaces of the current collector (and from the copper content of the foil) to be coated with a resin-bonded porous layer of particles of active electrode material. The copper wires serve to anchor thicker layers of porous electrode material and enhance liquid electrolyte contact with the electrode particles and the current collector to improve the energy output of the cell and its useful life.

Abstract: Disclosed is a separator for an electrochemical device, interposed between a cathode and an anode to prevent a short circuit between both electrodes. The separator is provided with through-holes having a diameter of 1-20 ?m in the thickness direction, and the surfaces of the through-holes are sealed by being coated with a thermoplastic polymer having a melting point equal to or higher than 70° C. and lower than 130° C. An electrochemical device including the separator is also disclosed. The separator can prevent rapid ignition of an electrochemical device in advance.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a lithium secondary battery electrolyte and a lithium secondary battery comprising the lithium secondary battery electrolyte, which comprises: a non-aqueous organic solvent including a branched ester-based solvent represented by formula 1; and a lithium salt.

Abstract: To produce a silicon oxide-based negative electrode material containing Li and having uniform distribution of a Li concentration both inside particles and between particles although a C-coating film is formed on a surface, and yet in which generation of SiC is suppressed. A SiO gas and a Li gas are simultaneously generated by heating a Si-lithium silicate-containing raw material under reduced pressure. The Si-lithium silicate-containing raw material includes Si, Li, and O, in which a part of the Si is present as a Si simple substance and the Li is present as lithium silicate. By cooling the generated gases, Li-containing silicon oxide having an average composition of SiLixOy (0.05<x<y and 0.5<y<1.5 are satisfied) is prepared. After adjusting the particle size, a C-coating film having an average film thickness of 0.5 to 10 nm is formed on a surface of particles at a treatment temperature of 900° C. or less.

Abstract: A titanium disulfide-sulfur (TiS2—S) composite particle contains a titanium disulfide (TiS2) substrate having solid elemental sulfur (S) disposed directly on a surface of the TiS2. The TiS2 substrate has a layered crystalline hexagonal structure of space group P-3 ml and includes at least 100 distinct layers. The TiS2 and S are present in the composite in a weight ratio (TiS2:S) of 20:80 to 50:50. Cathodes and batteries containing the composite particle, as well as related methods, are also disclosed.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material used for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, includes a base portion, a dielectric, and a carbonate compound. The base portion is formed of a compound storing and releasing a charge carrier. The dielectric is disposed on at least a part of a surface of the base portion. The carbonate compound is disposed on at least a part of the surface of the base portion.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a lithium metal composite oxide, wherein the lithium metal composite oxide is represented by a general formula: LiaNi1-x-y-zCoxDyEzO2 (wherein, in the formula, 0.05?x?0.35, 0?y?0.35, 0.002?z?0.05, 1.00?a?1.30, an element D is at least one type of element selected from Mn, V, Mo, Nb, Ti, and W, and an element E is an element forming an alloy with lithium at a potential more noble than a potential in which ions of the element E are reduced), wherein the lithium metal composite oxide includes primary and secondary particles formed by aggregating the primary particles, wherein an oxide containing the element E exists at a surface of at least either of the primary and secondary particles.

Abstract: Materials for coating a metal anode in a high energy battery, anodes coated with the materials, and batteries incorporating the coated anodes are provided. Also provided are batteries that utilize the materials as electrolytes. The coatings, which are composed of binary, ternary, and higher order metal and/or metalloid oxides, nitrides, fluorides, chlorides, bromides, sulfides, and carbides limit the reactions between the electrolyte and the metal anode in a battery, thereby improving the performance of the battery, relative to a battery that employs a bare anode.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved lithium-air battery. The battery includes a negative electrode and a positive electrode separated by an electrolyte, wherein the negative electrode consists of a film of metal material selected from among lithium and lithium alloys, the positive electrode includes a film of a porous carbon material on a current collector, and the electrolyte is a solution of lithium salts in a solvent. The battery is characterized in that the surface of the negative electrode opposite the electrolyte has a passivation layer containing Li2S, Li2S2O4, Li2O, and Li2CO3, the passivation layer being richer in sulfur compound on the surface thereof that is in contact with the electrolyte. The battery is obtained by means of a method consisting of producing the positive electrode, the electrolyte, and a film of the metal material for forming the negative electrode, and assembling the positive electrode, the electrolyte, and the film of metal material.

Abstract: Process for making an electrode active material for a lithium ion battery, said process comprising the following steps: (a) Contacting a mixture of (A) a precursor of a mixed oxide according to general formula Li1+xTM1?xO2, wherein TM is a combination of two or more transition metals selected from Mn, Co and Ni, optionally in combination with at least one more metal selected from Ba, Al, Ti, Zr, W, Fe, Cr, K, Mo, Nb, Mg, Na and V, and x is in the range of from zero to 0.2, and (B) at least one lithium compound, with (C) Br2, I2, or at least one compound selected from carbon perhalides selected from the bromides and iodides, and interhalogen compounds comprising bromine or iodine, and (b) Subjecting said mixture to heat treatment at a temperature in the range of from 700 to 1000° C.

Abstract: A secondary battery separator including a porous substrate and a porous film firmly bonded to each other, the porous film being disposed on or above the porous substrate. The porous film contains a fluorine-containing polymer that contains a polymerized unit based on vinylidene fluoride, a polymerized unit based on tetrafluoroethylene, and a polymerized unit based on a monomer represented by the following formula (2-2): R5R6C?CR7R8CO2Y1??(2-2) wherein R5, R6, and R7 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a C1-C8 hydrocarbon group; R8 is a C1-C8 hydrocarbon group; and Y1 is an inorganic cation and/or an organic cation. Also disclosed is a secondary battery including the secondary battery separator; a positive electrode; a negative electrode; and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution.

Abstract: A positive electrode includes at least a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer. The positive electrode active material layer is formed on a surface of the positive electrode current collector. The positive electrode current collector includes an aluminum foil and a porous film. The porous film covers a surface of the aluminum foil. The porous film contains at least aluminum oxide. The porous film has a thickness not smaller than 10 nm and not greater than 800 nm. The porous film has a dynamic hardness not lower than 5 and not higher than 200.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an all-solid-state battery includes preparing a solid electrolyte layer, providing lithium metal to the solid electrolyte layer to prepare a stack, and radiating ultrasonic waves or sound waves to the stack. The method provides an all-solid-state battery with a stable interface between an anode formed of lithium metal and a solid electrolyte layer.

Abstract: Supplemental lithium can be used to stabilize lithium ion batteries with lithium rich metal oxides as the positive electrode active material. Dramatic improvements in the specific capacity at long cycling have been obtained. The supplemental lithium can be provided with the negative electrode, or alternatively as a sacrificial material that is subsequently driven into the negative electrode active material. The supplemental lithium can be provided to the negative electrode active material prior to assembly of the battery using electrochemical deposition. The positive electrode active materials can comprise a layered-layered structure comprising manganese as well as nickel and/or cobalt.

Abstract: A liquid composition for an electrode composite material is provided. The liquid composition comprises an active material, a dispersion medium, and a polymerizable compound. A viscosity of the liquid composition at 25 degrees C. is a viscosity at which the liquid composition is dischargeable from a liquid discharge head.

Abstract: An energy storage device includes a substrate having a portion that is optically transparent in a predefined range of wavelengths, and at least one electrochemical energy storage system comprising, as from a face of the transparent portion, a stack having successively a first current collector, a first electrode, an electrolyte, a second electrode and a second current collector, the stack being covered partially by a cover characterised in that wherein at least one part of the cover has a coefficient of light absorbance greater than or equal to 80%, and preferably greater than 90%.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium-ion battery and a lithium-ion battery. The non-aqueous electrolyte comprises unsaturated phosphate compounds and unsaturated cyclic carboxylic acid anhydride compounds. The unsaturated phosphate compounds have the structure illustrated in structural formula 4; structural formula 4: R13, R11, and R12 are independently selected from hydrocarbon groups having 1-5 carbon atoms respectively, and at least one of R13, R11, and R12 is an unsaturated hydrocarbon group containing double bonds or triple bonds; the unsaturated cyclic carboxylic acid anhydride compounds have the structure illustrated in structural formula 5; structural formula 5: R14 is independently selected from vinylidene having 2-4 carbon atoms or fluoro-substituted vinylidene. By means of the synergistic effect of two compounds, the non-aqueous electrolyte has excellent high-temperature cycling performance and storage performance, and also has lower impedance and good low-temperature performance.

Abstract: Disclosed is a copper foil including a copper layer and an anticorrosive layer disposed on the copper layer, wherein the copper foil has a peak to arithmetic mean roughness (PAR) of 0.8 to 12.5, a tensile strength of 29 to 58 kgf/mm2, and a weight deviation of 3% or less, wherein the PAR is calculated in accordance with the following Equation 1: PAR=Rp/Ra??[Equation 1] wherein Rp is a maximum profile peak height and Ra is an arithmetic mean roughness.

Abstract: The present application relates to methods for depositing two-dimensional materials (e.g., MoS2, WS2, MoTe2, MoSe2, WSe2, BN, BN—C composite, and the like) onto lithium electrodes. Battery systems incorporating lithium metal electrodes coated with two-dimensional materials are also described. Methods may include intercalating the two-dimensional materials to facilitate flow of Lithium ions in and out of the lithium electrode. Two-dimensional material coated lithium electrodes provide for high cycling stability and significant performance improvements. Systems and methods further provide electrodes having carbon structures (e.g., carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, porous carbon, free-standing 3D CNTs, etc.) with sulfur coatings.

Abstract: A method for producing carbon foam utilizing a particulate pore stabilizer is described. The method provides for an increase in the uniformity of the pore structure and distribution of pores throughout the carbon foam, as well as an increase in volume of the resultant carbon foam. A pore stabilized carbon foam prepared by the method is also described.

Abstract: An additive for electrochemical energy storages is disclosed, wherein the additive contains at least one silicon- and alkaline earth metal-containing compound V1 which in contact with a fluorine-containing compound V2 in the energy storage forms at least one compound V3 selected from the group consisting of silicon- and fluorine-containing, lithium-free compounds V3a, alkaline earth metal- and fluorine-containing, lithium-free compounds V3b, silicon-, alkaline earth metal- and fluorine-containing, lithium-free compounds V3c and combinations thereof. Also disclosed is an electrochemical energy storage containing the additive.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to sulfur-containing electrodes and methods for forming the same. For example, the method may include disposing an electroactive material on or near a current collector to form an electroactive material layer having a first porosity and applying pressure and heat to the electroactive material layer so that the electroactive material layer has a second porosity. The first porosity is greater than the second porosity. The electroactive material may include a plurality of electroactive material particles and one or more salt additives. The method may further include contacting the electroactive material layer and an electrolyte such that the electrolyte dissolves the plurality of one or more salt particles so that the electroactive material layer has a third porosity. The third porosity may be greater than the second porosity and less than the first porosity.

Abstract: A catholyte-like material including a cathode material and an interfacial additive layer for providing a lithium ion energy storage device having low impedance is disclosed. The interfacial additive layer, which is composed of vapor deposited iodine, is present between the cathode material and an electrolyte layer of the device. The presence of such an interfacial additive layer increases the ion and electron mobile dependent performances at the cathode material interface due to significant decrease in the resistance/impedance that is observed at the respective interface as well as the impedance observed in the bulk of the device. The catholyte-like material of the present application can be used to provide a lithium ion energy storage device having high charge/discharge rates and/or high capacity.

Abstract: The invention relates to composite core-shell particles wherein the core is a porous, carbon-based matrix which contains silicon particles enclosed in pores of the matrix; the pores containing the silicon particles have a diameter of ?60 nm as determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); the shell can be obtained by carbonizing one or more carbon precursors selected from among the group comprising tars, pitches, hard carbon, soft carbon and hydrocarbons having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, resulting in a non-porous shell.

Abstract: TA negative electrode, a secondary battery including the same, and a method of preparing the negative electrode are provided. The negative electrode, which includes a current collector; a negative electrode active material layer disposed on the current collector; a first layer disposed on the negative electrode active material layer and including Li; and a second layer disposed on the first layer and including an inorganic material is provided. A loading amount of the first layer may satisfy Equation 1: 0.65×(x1?y1)<loading amount of the first layer<0.95×(x1?y1).

Abstract: A method of pre-lithiating a negative electrode for a secondary battery, including: dispersing a lithium metal powder, an inorganic material powder and a binder in a solvent to prepare a mixed solution; and applying the mixed solution to the negative electrode to form a lithium metal-inorganic composite layer on the negative electrode, thereby forming the pre-lithiated negative electrode. Also, a method for pre-lithiating a negative electrode having a high capacity by a simple process. Further, a negative electrode for a secondary battery manufactured through the pre-lithiation method provided in the present invention has an improved initial irreversibility, and secondary batteries manufactured using such a negative electrode for a secondary battery have excellent charge/discharge efficiency.

Abstract: An electrolyte can be pretreated by contacting with an oxide species (e.g., SiO2, SiOx, where 1?x?2, TiO2). The electrolyte comprises LiPF6 and a carbonate solvent. A reaction occurs to form a pretreated electrolyte comprising a compound selected from the group consisting of: MaPx?OyFz, MaPx?OyFzCnHm, and combinations thereof, where when P in the formula is normalized to 1 so that x? is equal to about 1, 0<y?4, 0<z?6, 0?a?3, 0 ?n?20, 0?m?42, and M is selected from Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, B, Ti, Al, and combinations thereof. Lithium-ion electrochemical cells including lithium titanate oxide (LTO) using such a pretreated electrolyte have reduced reactivity and gas formation.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing an all-solid-state battery, which is capable of preventing the occurrence of a short circuit or a charge abnormality due to the formation of a dendrite even in cases where the pressing force is decreased. In the method for producing an all-solid-state battery, a solid electrolyte layer is arranged between a positive electrode layer and a negative electrode layer and current collectors are connected to the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer, respectively. This method for producing an all-solid-state battery is characterized by comprising: a step for forming at least one powder film for constituting the positive electrode layer, the negative electrode layer and/or the solid electrolyte layer, and a step for pressing a surface of the powder film by a pressing body consisting of an elastic body.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries includes: secondary particles composed of aggregated primary particles of a lithium composite oxide containing Ni: a rare earth compound attached to the surfaces of the secondary particles; a tungsten compound attached to the surfaces of the secondary particles: and lithium carbonate attached to the surfaces of the primary particles inside the secondary particles. The rate of Ni in the lithium composite oxide containing Ni with respect to the total number of moles of metal elements other than lithium in the lithium composite oxide containing Ni is 80 percent by mole or more, and the content of the lithium carbonate with respect to the total mass of the lithium composite oxide containing Ni is 0.3 percent by mass or more.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery includes an electrode group and a nonaqueous electrolyte having lithium ion conductivity. A negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector. The negative electrode current collector has a first surface facing an outward direction of winding of the electrode group and a second surface facing an inward direction of the winding of the electrode group. Lithium metal is deposited on the first surface and the second surface by charge. The negative electrode further includes first protrusions protruding from the first surface and second protrusions protruding from the second surface. A ratio A1X/A1 is greater than a ratio A2X/A2. A1X is a sum of projected areas of the first protrusions on the first surface. A1 is an area of the first surface. A2X is a sum of projected areas of the second protrusions on the second surface. A2 is an area of the second surface.

Abstract: A lithium battery cell having one or more protective layers between the anode current collector and a solid state separator. The protective layers prevent dendrite propagation through the battery cell and improve coulombic efficiency by reducing deleterious side reactions.

Abstract: A lithium metal electrode includes a current collector having a surface irregularity structure, a lithium metal layer disposed outside of the surface irregularity structure except the uppermost surface of the surface irregularity structure in the current collector, an electron-insulating protective layer disposed outside of the lithium metal layer, and a lithium ion-isolating layer disposed (1) on the uppermost surface of the surface irregularity structure of the current collector, or (2) on the uppermost surface of the surface irregularity structure of the current collector, on the uppermost surface of the lithium metal layer, and on the uppermost surface of the electron-insulating protective layer, wherein the electron-insulating protective layer includes a non-porous layer transporting lithium ions and having no pores, and a polymer porous layer disposed outside thereof. A lithium secondary battery and flexible secondary battery including the lithium metal electrode are also provided.

Abstract: An all-solid-state secondary battery, wherein: an anode current collector that contains copper or copper alloy; a cathode current collector comprising aluminum, aluminum alloy or stainless steel, provided opposite to the anode current collector; an anode active material layer formed there between from the anode current collector side on the surface of the anode current collector; a solid electrolyte layer comprising a sulfide solid electrolyte that contains a monovalent or divalent metal and sulfur; and a cathode active material layer formed on the surface of the cathode current collector are layered successively, is used. A sulfidation resistant layer is formed on the surface of the anode current collector on which the anode active material layer is formed. Or, the surface of the anode current collector on which the anode active material layer is formed has a compressive strength of 1250 to 3000 MPa.

Abstract: A thin flexible conformable electrochemical cell for powering a wearable electrical device comprising an inner electrode having an active electrode face of one charge and an outer electrode having an active electrode face of the opposite charge separated by a separator, wherein said separator comprises an electrolyte layer as a single continuous layer folded around the inner electrode, and wherein the cell has a single continuous flexible coating material folded around the separator and the inner electrode so as to offer protection for the cell, and wherein the coating material is sealable so as define access to the cell for electrode contacts for connection with the electrical device, and so as to offer avoidance of the cell short circuiting in use. Also provided are methods for cell preparation.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery comprises an electrode group and a nonaqueous electrolyte having lithium-ion conductivity. A negative electrode current collector has a first surface facing outward of winding of the electrode group and a second surface facing inward of the winding of the electrode group. At least the first surface or the second surface includes a first region and a second region that is closer to an innermost circumference of the winding of the electrode group than the first region. Protrusions include outer-circumference-side protrusions disposed on the first region and inner-circumference-side protrusions disposed on the second region. In at least the first surface or the second surface, a first area rate is larger than a second area rate.

Abstract: A hybrid lithium-ion battery/capacitor cell comprising at least a pair of graphite anodes assembled with a lithium compound cathode and an activated carbon capacitor electrode can provide useful power performance properties and low temperature properties required for many power utilizing applications. The graphite anodes are formed of porous layers of graphite particles bonded to at least one side of current collector foils which face opposite sides of the activated carbon capacitor. The porous graphite particles are pre-lithiated to form a solid electrolyte interface on the anode particles before the anodes are assembled in the hybrid cell. The pre-lithiation step is conducted to circumvent the irreversible reactions in the formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) and preserve the lithium content of the electrolyte and lithium cathode during formation cycling of the assembled hybrid cell. The pre-lithiation step is also applicable to other anode materials that benefit from such pre-lithiation.

Abstract: An electrolyte for a lithium-ion cell, comprises an organic solvent mixture comprising: (a) a hydrofluorinated ether base solvent to dissolve a lithium salt; (b) a fluorinated linear and/or cyclic ester co-solvent to form an SEI layer on a surface of the active materials; and (c) a fluorinated linear and/or cyclic ester co-solvent having a viscosity less than a viscosity of each of the hydrofluorinated ether base solvent and SEI-layer forming fluorinated linear and/or cyclic ester co-solvent to reduce a viscosity of the organic solvent mixture and a lithium salt dissolved in the organic solvent mixture.

Abstract: There is provision of a plasma spraying device including a supplying section configured to convey feedstock powder with a plasma generating gas, and to inject the feedstock powder and the plasma generating gas from an opening of a tip; a plasma generating section configured to generate a plasma by decomposing the injected plasma generating gas using electric power of 500 W to 10 kW; and a chamber causing the supplying section and the plasma generating section to be an enclosed region, which is configured to deposit the feedstock powder on a workpiece by melting the feedstock powder by the plasma generated in the enclosed region. The feedstock powder is any one of lithium (Li), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), and gold (Au). A particle diameter of the feedstock powder is between 1 ?m and 50 ?m.