Abstract: A one-piece battery comprises a tank divided into cells each receiving an electrode assembly, closure means for the tank and a circulating fluid type heat exchanger facing the relatively larger faces of the electrode assembly. The fluid flows in a compartment defined by two flanges which incorporate a fluid inlet orifice communicating with a common inlet manifold and a fluid outlet orifice communicating with a common outlet manifold. The tank comprises at least two units and each unit comprises at least one cell delimited by walls. The wall facing a relatively larger face of the electrode assembly constitutes one of the flanges. Each unit further incorporates a portion of an inlet and outlet manifold. The units are fastened together so that the flanges when placed face-to-face form a sealed circulation compartment and the portions of the same manifold are aligned with each other.

Abstract: A refuelable electrochemical power source includes one or more electrochemical cells adapted to employ particulate material electrodes. The one or more cells include a cell body defining an interior cell cavity, a flow path in the cell cavity through which particulate material and fluid flow, an electroactive zone within the cell cavity, and a fluid mechanic device adjacent or within the flow path capable of filling the electroactive zone or maintaining the electroactive zone in a constantly full or maximum electroactivity condition.

Abstract: A battery of the type having electrolyte therein, comprising a case defining at least one electrolyte containing cell, and a primary cover bonded to the case. The primary cover has a barrel extending into the electrolyte cell. A secondary cover is bonded to the primary cover top, and includes an aperture concentric with the primary cover barrel. A baffling plug is disposed in the secondary cover aperture and extends into the barrel. The baffling plug has a lid with a bottom, an inner tubular splash guard extending away from said lid bottom, an outer splash guard concentrically spaced from said inner tubular splash guard. A retaining member formed part of the plug base retains the plug in the aperture, and seals the aperture to prevent the escape of the electrolyte.

Abstract: A fuel cell stack includes flow plates that are arranged to communicate reactants through the fuel cell stack. The flow plates include an anode cooler plate that is substantially identical to a cathode cooler plate of the flow plates.

Abstract: In a current cutoff mechanism of a cell according to the present invention, a convex portion of the diaphragm is press-fitted into a fitted part, a conductive path is formed between a cell lid and a generating element inside the cell via the diaphragm and an internal electrode and when internal pressure in a cell case exceeds a predetermined value and the diaphragm is displaced, the convex portion of the diaphragm is pulled out from the fitted part and the conductive path is cut off.

Abstract: A prismatic air recovery battery is provided. The battery includes a central longitudinal axis and a cathode having a major surface normal to the central longitudinal axis. The battery can further include a cathode can having at least one air access opening having a central longitudinal axis, wherein the cathode includes a major surface normal to the longitudinal axis of the opening.

Abstract: A spill and leak containment system for a liquid electrolyte battery such as a zinc-bromine battery. The system includes one-piece, electrolyte reservoirs with pump mountings and other openings positioned at or near the tops of each reservoir. Positioning the openings at the tops of the reservoirs reduces the amount of electrolyte that might spill out of them, in the event of a leak or breach in the seal between the opening and the component mounted therein. The pump openings are surrounded by sumps, which will catch and contain liquid if there is a leak. To help contain vapor leaks, the invention also includes a vapor recovery system coupled to reservoir when it is filled with or emptied of electrolyte. The vapor recovery system allows for an exchange of vapors to occur between an electrolyte container and the battery reservoir while electrolyte fluid is being transferred.

Abstract: A sealed storage battery includes a battery case containing a group of electric power-generating elements each comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a separator, a battery case lid closing an opening in the battery case to seal the battery case, and a safety valve of the assembling type mounted on the battery case lid. The safety valve is welded to the battery case lid. With this construction, a hermetic seal at an area of contact between the safety valve and the battery case lid is enhanced, and also the reliability of the safety valve is enhanced.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for activating and sealing a storage battery in an uncontrolled atmosphere. A tubular structure is coupled to a fill port of the battery, the battery is evacuated by connecting the tubular structure to a source of vacuum, and the battery is thereafter filled by connecting the tubular structure to a source of pressurized electrolytic fluid. After the battery has been evacuated and filled, a check valve, slideably positioned in the passage through which the battery has been evacuated and thereafter filled is driven along the passage into a press fit with a valve seat defined proximate the fill port of the battery to seal the battery from contaminants while allowing escape of gas from the interior of the battery housing.

Abstract: A circulation system for a flowing-electrolyte battery having at least one electrochemical cell, an anolyte reservoir, and a catholyte reservoir. The circulation system includes an anolyte pump coupled in fluid flowing relationship to the anolyte reservoir which pumps anolyte from the anolyte reservoir to the at least one electrochemical cell. A catholyte pump is coupled in fluid flowing relationship to the catholyte reservoir and also pumps catholyte to the at least one electrochemical cell. A second phase pump is coupled in fluid flowing relationship to the catholyte reservoir and is used to introduce second phase electrolyte into the aqueous catholyte pumped by the catholyte pump. The second phase pump is controlled by a controller so that the second phase is introduced into the catholyte stream in a metered fashion.

Abstract: End cap apparatus (2) is received in the open end of an electrochemical cell casing (6) and is particularly adapted to be crimped thereto electrically separated from the casing by a gasket (4). The end cap apparatus incorporates current interrupt safety protection features including high rate overcharge protection through an over-temperature and/or low pressure switch (22, 12d-18, 18′, 18″, 118a), low rate overcharge and overdischarge protection through a low pressure switch (12d-18, 18′, 18″, 118a), extended short circuit protection through an over-temperature switch driven by l2r heating of internal components (20, 22, 16, 12, 12′, 16′, 16″, 16′″, 12v, 102, 122, 120), and pressure venting through a frangible portion (12e) of a diaphragm. The diaphragm can be integrally formed with a header (12, 12″, 12′″, 12iv) or can be a separate element (32, 82, 92, 108, 112, 112′ 112″, 112′″).

Abstract: An alkaline storage battery comprising at least one positive electrode and a negative zinc electrode in contact with an electrolyte via at least one electrolyte-impregnated separator is disclosed. The electrodes are clamped against two respective bipolar screens supported by a sealing frame. The positive electrode is in contact with a first electrolyte having a predetermined volume and composition via at least one first separator, the negative electrode is in contact with a second electrolyte having a predetermined volume and composition different from those of the first electrolytes via at least one second separator, and the first and second electrolytes are separated by a membrane forming a zincate and optionally aluminate filter, particularly an anionically conductive membrane defining first and second compartments.

Abstract: Disclosed are safe, easy to manufacture prismatic cells having scored regions strategically located on portions of the prismatic cell can or cell header. When they are located on the cell can, the scored regions are provided on the side of the can, rather than on the bottom of the can as in other designs. The scored region may be located on a corner of one side of the side of the cell can. Scored regions so located tend to release excess pressure over a relatively narrow and easier to control pressure range. Similar benefits can be obtained by placing the scored region on a "dished" header of a prismatic cell. Such dished header designs have a vertical lip around the perimeter of a substantially flat horizontal portion. The scoring may be provided near one of the ends of the header's substantially flat portion.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a wet, multicell, lead-acid electric storage battery comprising a venting system having vent plugs comprising an inventive sealing arrangement. Specifically, the vent plugs provide a seal to be molded onto the vent body as a permanently attached feature. The present invention consequently eliminates the need to separately manufacture and apply a gasket to a vent body, thus reducing manufacturing costs and greatly improving reliability and safety during both use and handling.

Abstract: An improved vent cap system for use in an electrochemical battery is provided which includes a ring flange for forming a ring seal between the vent cap assembly and the fill tube. When the vent cap assembly is positioned in the battery housing, the ring flange and the fill tube deform to create a seal therebetween to provide a fluid tight seal.

Abstract: Thermal decomposition of a reactant, XY, proceeds on a negative catalytic electrode to form products, X and Y. The product Y is a cellular reaction material, which separates into ions, Y.sup.+, and electrons, e.sup.-, on the negative catalytic electrode. The ions Y.sup.+ move through a solid electrolyte, the electrons e.sup.- pass through an external resistor, and the product X formed on the negative catalytic electrode is circulated to the positive catalytic electrode, therefore reproducing the reactant XY. Since the cellular reaction material Y need not be released from the top of the catalytic electrode, the invention is adapted to convert heat energy into electric energy efficiently as compared with conventional methods. In one embodiment, reactant XY is 2-propanol, and products X and Y are acetone and hydrogen, respectively.

Abstract: An end cap seal assembly for an electrochemical cell such as an alkaline cell is disclosed. The end cap assembly comprises a convoluted end cap disk which may also function as a cell terminal and an underlying insulating disk also having a convoluted surface. The convoluted end cap disk has a downwardly extending wall with at least one aperture therethrough which preferably faces the ambient environment. The insulating disk has a downwardly extending wall forming a rupturable membrane which underlies and abuts the inside surface of the downwardly extending wall of the end cap. The rupturable membrane underlies and abuts the aperture in the downwardly extending wall of the end cap. When gas pressure within the cell exceeds a predetermined level the rupturable membrane pushes through said aperture and ruptures allowing gas to escape therefrom directly to the environment. A separate terminal plate may be welded to a portion of the top surface of the convoluted end cap.

Abstract: The accumulator comprises a container or vessel with a plurality of holes which define vent ducts for the gases developed in the accumulator. A filtering element is provided in each duct for allowing gases to pass through but preventing the electrolyte from passing through. The filtering element is constituted by a porous substrate combined with a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane.

Abstract: For use with a valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) battery, a fluid fill system and a method of maintaining fill fluid in a VRLA battery. In one embodiment, the system includes: (1) a fluid determination circuit, associated with the battery, that determines a quantity of fill fluid in the VRLA battery and (2) a controller, coupled to the fluid determination circuit, that introduces replacement fill fluid into the VRLA battery based on the quantity to replace fill fluid lost from the VRLA battery. The fluid determination circuit comprises sensors that measure a temperature and pressure associated with the VRLA battery, and a state of a fluid release valve on the battery.

Abstract: A bi-directional air exchanger for a metal-air battery having a housing. The air exchanger includes an ambient air passageway for a first flow of air in a first direction, a battery exhaust passageway for a second flow of air in a second direction, and one or more membranes. The ambient air passageway and the battery exhaust passageway are separated within the housing by the one or more membranes such that the first and the second flows of air are in fluid communication with one another for the exchange of humidity.

Abstract: A safety vent is provided for incorporation into sealed electrochemical cells. The vent is particularly applicable to cells experiencing transient conditions producing pressures above 250 psi (17.6 kg/cm.sup.2). By configuring a cover plate to plastically deform at elevated pressures, an increased venting area can be produced. The increased venting area allows for venting of solid matter which may be forced into vent holes during high temperatures and pressures. Effective plastic deformation is obtained by proper selection of a ductile material and cover plate thickness. By ensuring that vent clogging does not occur, pressures are limited and the integrity of the cell is maintained. By incorporating this vent into a cell, methods of successfully passing industry standard test procedures for secondary cells are provided. The vent also includes an elastomeric sealing element which is captured between the cover plate and a rigid upper plate.

Abstract: A sealed casing is provided for withstanding a certain pressure. The casing contains an electric accumulator, and is formed by at least one wall which has at least one closing area formed by a plastic band for connecting two edges of the wall. The closing area includes an adhesive part and a shiftable part to form an effective and economical closure.

Abstract: A casing for a battery of the present invention is made up of a top-open box and a lid closing the open top of the box. The lid has a pyramidal top portion formed with a plurality of vent holes for allowing a gas to pass therethrough. A polymeric osmotic film allowing a gas to pass therethrough, but intercepting water, is fitted in each of the vent holes. The casing therefore vents hydrogen output from a battery while preventing water from entering it.

Abstract: A sealed one-piece battery having a prism-shaped container including:a tank consisting of a single plastic material,a member fixed and sealed to the tank and to partitions on the side of the tank opposite the transverse wall to seal the tank,two flanges fixed and sealed to longitudinal walls defining flow compartments for a heat-conducting fluid,and two tubes on the transverse wall of the tank forming an inlet and an outlet for fluid common to the compartments.

Abstract: A portable system of inter-connected smaller and larger canisters for near simultaneous vacuum and liquid transfer free from any external power. Captured vacuum in the canisters is employed for waste liquid extraction and a subsequent pressure transfer may take place without any liquid being exposed to the atmosphere. A mechanical manifold is adapted to receive the canisters, and one or more canisters may be physically connected to the manifold and are left in place as a user drives to another site location. An intermediate canister in the system is fitted with either manual or a self tending valve for the vacuum and pressure modes of the system.

Abstract: There is provided a cap assembly for a rectangular battery comprising a cap cover in which a vent hole is formed, a positive electrode terminal which has a through hole leading to the discharge hole and combines with the upper portion of the cap cover having an insulating plate interposed therebetween, a positive electrode tab connected to a positive electrode of an electrode assembly, a conductive safety vent support having a hollow rivet protrusion passing through the vent hole of the cap cover and the through hole of the positive electrode terminal to be coupled to the positive electrode terminal, and a conical conductive safety vent whose upper circumferential portion combines with the bottom surface of the safety vent support to seal the hollow of the rivet protrusion, and whose vertex contacts the upper surface of the positive electrode tab, wherein the vertex of the safety vent separates from the positive electrode tab when the internal pressure of the battery increases to a predetermined level.

Abstract: A battery includes a pair of an anode electric power generating source element and a cathode electric power generating source element for generating an electric power, and a container receiving therein the electric power generating source elements. The container includes a breakable portion which is breakable such that a gas from at least a part of the electric power generating source elements is allowed to flow out of the container therethrough when a pressure in the container increases excessively. The battery further includes a variable throttle for the gas which is elastically deformable by the pressure in the container such that the gas is allowed to flow out of the container.

Abstract: A transportable container for refueling a refuelable battery includes a case, an electrolyte reservoir within the case, a first valve connected to the electrolyte reservoir, a fuel compartment within the case, a second valve connected to the fuel compartment, and a conduit connected to the electrolyte reservoir and the fuel compartment. When the transportable container is attached to a refuelable battery, a closed flow circuit for the circulation of electrolyte is defined. Fuel particles and electrolyte are fed from the transportable container into the refuelable battery. When the refuelable battery is discharged, the transportable container, containing spent electrolyte and reaction products, is detached from the refuelable battery.

Abstract: An electric vehicle cell featuring internal pressure relief and spring disengagement devices which vent various internal pressures to atmosphere to prevent cell bulging or explosion and which also internally interrupt current flow through the cell due to internal overheat, excessive current draw and the like. Internal reconnection of cell members reoccurs subsequent to internal thermal and other abnormalities. The electric vehicle cell contains an electrolyte which is introduced into the cell casing by a method involving the use of apparatus including a filling fixture having an electrolyte fill line and a vacuum line for vacuum assisted filling.

Abstract: A power supply unit of the present invention comprises a group of batteries including plural rows of cells arranged in parallel, each row of cells including plural cylindrical cells connected in series. The power supply unit further comprises refrigerant passages comprising main refrigerant passages exposed to the cells arranged in each row of cells and auxiliary refrigerant passages, the upstream sides of the auxiliary refrigerant passages being isolated from the rows of cells, and the downstream sides thereof being connected to the main refrigerant passages at positions corresponding to the midstream or downstream sides of the rows of cells.

Abstract: A high-temperature battery for the power supply of electrically powered vehicles is disclosed which has a thermally insulating housing and a cooling system with a cooling body which is arranged inside the thermally insulating housing. Air or other fluid coolant flows through the cooling body and is supplied through an insulating wall of the housing solely by means of coolant inlet and air outlet connecting elements arranged on the housing. The cooling body is formed by a parallel arrangement of plate-shaped cooling-body elements through which coolant flows and which are designed as hollow bodies. The bar-shaped battery cells are arranged in the space between the cooling-body elements. The coolant inlet and outlet are arranged at one side of the housing and are connected to inlet and outlet openings of the cooling-body elements so as to provide optimum cross-flow cooling power on the battery cells. Coolant in the form of air or oil can be used according to preferred embodiments.

Abstract: An electric vehicle cell featuring internal pressure relief and spring disengagement devices which vent various internal pressures to atmosphere to prevent cell bulging or explosion and which also internally interrupt current flow through the cell due to internal overheat, excessive current draw and the like. Internal reconnection of cell members reoccurs subsequent to internal thermal and other abnormalities. The electric vehicle cell contains an electrolyte which is introduced into the cell casing by a method involving the use of apparatus including a filling fixture having an electrolyte fill line and a vacuum line for vacuum assisted filling.

Abstract: Apparatus operable to charge a controlled volume of an electrolyte through a filling opening into a battery case is disclosed. The apparatus comprises an electrolyte charging station, a manifold head having a vacuum outlet and a vacuum passageway connected to the vacuum outlet, an electrolyte reservoir and an electrolyte passageway connected to the reservoir, a manifold positioner operable to move the manifold head to and to support the head in a first position, in a second battery case evacuating position, and in a third battery case filling position, and a valve having a fluid discharge which is surrounded by a tube and is in fluid communication with the filling opening of a battery in the charging station when the manifold is in the second position and when the manifold is in the third position, and is spaced from the battery in the charging station when the manifold is in the first position.

Abstract: An electric battery, for example, a zinc-bromine battery for an automobile, is protected against leakage of electrolyte, in particular against bromine liberated during a crash. For this purpose, the reservoirs provided for the electrolyte are filled with a sponge-like material that stores the electrolyte. Alternatively, or in addition, the reservoirs are surrounded by a protective sheathing made of a material that binds the escaping electrolyte, in particular through chemical reaction.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolytic secondary battery has a seal whose transparency and permeability with respect to external gas or moisture can be suppressed to a low level and which has high reliability. The nonaqueous electrolytic secondary battery has an electrolytic solution injection port (32) for injecting a nonaqueous electrolytic solution and an expansion plug (4) for air-tightly sealing the electrolytic solution injection port. A metal seal (2) is arranged between the electrolytic solution injection port (32) and the expansion plug (4). The metal seal (2) is of a metal containing aluminum as a main component, or a stainless steel, and the expansion plug (4) is of stainless steel.

Abstract: To provide a power generator capable of replacing thermal generators, which is capable of realizing large amounts of power at low cost while using almost no fossil fuels and without polluting the environment.A solution comprising a solvent, which itself does not dissociate, having added thereto a substance which dissociates in the solvent, stored in the interior of a container having an inner surface possessing corrosion resistance and insulating properties, wherein an anode electrode having a small work function and a cathode electrode having a large work function are immersed in a mutually opposing manner in the solution.

Abstract: Zinc-bromine battery with circulating electrolytes, motor-driven pumps with pump chambers, containers for the electrolytes, dipolar electrodes and separators of synthetic material fitted between them, in which the edges of the separators and the electrodes are welded together, and electrolyte inlet and outlet lines allocated to the electrode chambers thus formed, and possibly heat exchangers for the electrolytes. One gas and liquid-proof chamber unit with at least one container, catholyte inlet and outlet lines, a pump chamber and cathode chambers is formed which is connected to another gas and liquid-proof chamber unit consisting of another container, anolyte inlet and outlet lines, another pump chamber and anode chambers, especially solely via separators.

Abstract: An electric energy storing device constructed from uniquely designed components. Each component includes a first nonconductive frame, having an opening and a predetermined perimeter. Mounted, by its peripheral edge, on the first nonconductive frame, is a plastic sheet, having a centrally positioned opening. The plastic sheet may be made from conductive carbon plastic or from nonconductive, ion-permeable plastic. Mounted to the centrally positioned opening of the plastic sheet is a second nonconductive frame. Each of the frames has a weld bead thereon and a plurality of components are welded together to form an operational device. The provision of a second, centrally located weld prevents deformation or defection at the center of the welded components.

Abstract: This invention relates to a battery container which can be fastened in a sealing and detachable manner directly in the supporting floor structure of a body of a vehicle. The battery container is formed of a material, particularly sheet metal, which is ductile also at low freezing temperatures, and is dimensioned such in its wall thickness that, in the case of a crash, although it rips in a defined manner, it does not tear so far that individual cells can fall out of the battery container. In the battery container, the flat sides of inserted cells are spaced with respect to one another by spacers, whereby this clearance becomes available as a bypass duct, strips being arranged in the bypass ducts which project away from the spacer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a battery box having a plurality of orientation-independent electrochemical cells. Within the battery box, the cells are arranged horizontally, cells which are located one above the other being combined to form a cell group having flow channels arranged between adjacent cells. The flow channels of a cell group are connected via a transverse inlet flow channel to a distributor channel and via a transverse outlet flow channel to a collecting channel, the collecting channel being arranged with respect to the battery box on the side opposite the distributor channel.

Abstract: The invention provides an electrolyte cooling device for use in combination with a multi-cell metal-air battery, the device comprising an electrolyte reservoir divided into a smaller compartment and a larger compartment, the compartments being connected by a valve arranged to periodically allow flow of electrolyte from the smaller compartment to the larger compartment; a warm electrolyte liquid flow path leading from an electrolyte-holding volume of each cell of the battery to an inlet port of the smaller compartment; a cooled electrolyte liquid flow path leading from an outlet port of the larger compartment to the electrolyte-holding volume of each said cell of the battery; at least one cooling fluid conduit passing through the smaller compartment; and pumping means for circulating a cooling fluid through the conduit and through radiator means arranged for the disposal therefrom of heat.

Abstract: The present invention provides a unit battery of sealed alkaline storage battery comprising a plurality of cells each of which comprises a container in which are inserted an alkali electrolyte and an electrode group comprising a plurality of positive plates and a plurality of negative plates with separators provided between the adjacent plates and which is sealed by a cap provided with a safety valve, the adjacent cells being electrically connected, wherein at least a part of the outermost portion of the electrode group in the cell contacts with the container, the adjacent cells contact with each other at at least a part of their container and a space through which air can pass in at least one direction is provided between the adjacent cells, the unit battery being constrained by holders at a part or the whole surface of both ends in the direction of arranging of the cells.

Abstract: A lead-acid storage battery for starting, lighting and ignition applications is disclosed which minimizes convection-induced, heat transfer from the vehicle underhood environment surrounding the battery to the battery itself and comprises an injection-molded, integral plastic container, or a two-piece container, having a multi-wall configuration in which an inner container includes the cell elements of the battery and at least one outer container spaced from the inner container provides at least one fluid compartment for allowing fluid flow through the fluid compartment to achieve the desired thermal regulation, the fluid flow path being created by a series of spaced fluid baffles.

Abstract: An air manager is disclosed which recirculates reactant air in a battery and exchanges only a minimal amount of recirculated air for ambient air that is necessary to maintain a sufficient oxygen concentration in the battery. In the air manager, the reactant air is recirculated in a defined air pathway that provides reactant air to the entire area of all the air cathodes. A catalyst element is also provided in the air manager to convert the hydrogen gas that is generated during the recharge of a metal-air battery to water vapor. The air manager is nevertheless compact and lightweight so that the resulting battery is portable.

Abstract: A small battery cell including a pressure relief and spring disengagement device which vents various internal pressures to the atmosphere to prevent cell bulging or explosion, and also which internally interrupts current flow through the cell due to internal cell overheat, excessive current flow or the like. Internal reconnection of cell members reoccurs subsequent to internal thermal or other abnormalities.

Abstract: Disclosed is a structure for wetting a diaphragm of a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell in which one or more hollow paths are provided in or on the diaphragm for supplying water to the solid polymer electrolyte.According to the structure of this invention, the elevation of performances of the above cell is achieved by wetting the diaphragm at a desired level. Since the water can be supplied through the hollow paths with substantially no resistance, the amount to be supplied can be freely controlled.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrochemical cell having a liquid electrolyte and spiral-wound electrodes provided with an axial chimney for electrolyte filling purposes and placed inside a cylindrical or prismatic enclosure so as to leave a duct between the outside periphery of the spiral-wound electrodes and the inside wall of said enclosure in order to exhaust air displaced by the electrolyte, the cell including a washer disposed between said enclosure and the spiral-wound electrodes at the end of said chimney that is furthest from the electrolyte inlet, said washer being provided with at least one opening putting said chimney into communication with said duct.

Abstract: A battery closure apparatus for a multi-cell storage battery includes a cap assembly for the simultaneous rotation of a plurality of caps within receptacles on the multi-cell storage battery. The apparatus includes a plurality of caps pivotally attached to a pair of elongate arms. A grip member is coupled to the cap assembly. Application of force to the grip member will simultaneously rotate each cap to releasably secure the caps to the battery receptacles.

Abstract: An electric vehicle cell featuring internal pressure relief and spring disengagement devices which vent various internal pressures to atmosphere to prevent cell bulging or explosion and which also internally interrupt current flow through the cell due to internal overheat, excessive current draw and the like. Internal reconnection of cell members reoccurs subsequent to internal thermal and other abnormalities.

Abstract: The battery includes an anode and cathode structure spaced a fixed distance apart, a movable conveyor having electrolyte impregnated therein and means for advancing the conveyor to engage the anode and/or cathode at the anode and/or cathode interface with electrolyte. In the preferred arrangement the moving conveyor containing the electrolyte is progressively advanced through the interface spacing between the anode and cathode while the interface spacing is maintained substantially constant even as the anode is consumed. Battery operation is terminated by separating the engaging surfaces of the anode and/or cathode from the moving conveyor and is reestablished by reengaging the anode and/or cathode surfaces with the moving conveyor.