Abstract: An electrophotoreceptor, comprises a conductive support; a photoreceptive layer, an intermediate layer provided between the conductive support and the photoreceptive layer, the intermediate layer containing N type semi-conductive fine particles and a binder resin, wherein the N type semi-conductive fine particles are subjected to plural surface treatments, and the final surface treatment is carried out employing a reactive organic silicon compound.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed. The photoreceptor has an interlayer between an electroconductive substrate and a photosensitive layer wherein the interlayer contains a particle and has a light absorbance of not more than 0.25 per micrometer of thickness at a wavelength of 1,000 nm.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor having an interlayer between the electrically conductive base body and the photosensitive layer. The electrophotographic photoreceptor an aluminum-evaporated surface and contact potential difference of said interlayer with respect to the aluminum-evaporated surface of the photoreceptor is at least +0.175 V.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus and a process for forming an image is provided whereby problems in an image such as interference fringes can be eliminated even at a higher resolution to improve image quality.

Abstract: A process for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member has at least one of the following steps a) and b) and the following steps c) and d) of; a) etching an aluminum substrate with at least one of an acid and an alkali; b) abrading an aluminum substrate with an abrasive dispersion containing 5% by volume or more of an abrasive having a 50% diameter of from 5 &mgr;m to 60 &mgr;m as measured in cumulative percentage; c) subjecting the aluminum substrate having been processed by at least one of the steps a) and b), to chemical conversion with an aqueous acid solution containing a salt of titanium or a salt of zirconium; and d) forming a photosensitive layer on the aluminum substrate having been subjected to the chemical conversion.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is disclosed which has an aluminum substrate and a photosensitive layer. The substrate contains aluminum, oxygen and titanium, or aluminum, oxygen and zirconium, at the surface portion on the side of the photosensitive layer. Also, a process for producing the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus using the photosensitive member are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods of forming a conductive aluminum substrate comprise anodizing a surface of an aluminum substrate to form a porous alumina surface layer, contacting the alumina surface layer with a liquid dispersion or solution of a polymer or at least one polymer-forming component, under conditions sufficient for the polymer to seal pores of the alumina surface layer, and removing excess polymer from the alumina surface layer. The resulting sealed conductive aluminum substrate is useful in photoconductors, for example of the dual layer type.

Abstract: An electrophotosensitive material comprising a supporting substrate, an intermediate layer containing a thermosetting resin formed on the supporting substrate, and a photosensitive layer formed on the intermediate layer, wherein a contact angle of the surface of the intermediate layer is not less than a value (A ) represented by the formula: A°=B°−2° in which B° is a contact angle corresponding to an intersection of a first approximation linear line and a second approximate linear line minus 2° in a correlation curve between a residual potential of the photosensitive material comprising the predetermined photosensitive layer formed on the intermediate layer containing the thermosetting resin and a contact angle of the intermediate layer containing the thermosetting resin. According to this photosensitive material, it is possible to obtain a good image, which has a low residual potential and is free from fog.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor having an interlayer between the electrically conductive base body and the photosensitive layer. The electrophotographic photoreceptor an aluminum-evaporated surface and contact potential difference of said interlayer with respect to the aluminum-evaporated surface of the photoreceptor is at least +0.175 V.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed. The photoreceptor has a photosensitive layer provided on an electrically conductive support which has a sealed alumite film, a surface layer of said electrophotographic photoreceptor comprises a hardenable siloxane resin having charge transportability or a hardenable siloxane resin comprising a partial structure having charge transportability.

Abstract: This invention pertains to an electrographic photosensitive material comprising a blocking layer, an electroconductive substrate layer and a charge generation layer, where the blocking layer comprises TiO2 with an average particle size less than about 50 nm and a quaternary ammonium salt, and where the quaternary ammonium salt is uniformly distributed in the blocking layer and is less than about 5 wt % of the blocking layer. In another aspect, this invention pertains to an image forming apparatus for forming images on a recording medium comprising an imaging light having a wavelength and an organic photoreceptor having a blocking layer, an electroconductive substrate layer, and a charge generation layer, where the blocking layer comprises TiO2 particles and a quaternary ammonium salt, and where the quaternary ammonium salt is uniformly distributed in the blocking layer and is less than about 5 wt % of the blocking layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member, and more specifically, to a photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer superimposed over a substrate. In one aspect of the invention, sequential laminations of a dispersion layer of conductive tantalum-doped tin oxide powder dispersed in a binder resin solution, are provided between the substrate layer and the photosensitive layer. Another aspect of the invention relates to a protective layer provided for the photosensitive layer. The protective layer of the most exterior surface of the photosensitive member may be a dispersion layer formed by dispersing tantalum-doped tin oxide powder in a resin solution.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member exhibiting good potential characteristic and image forming characteristic fee from difficulties, such as lower image density or black spots and fog, over wide temperature and humidity environment condition, is provided by inserting a specific intermediate layer between a support and a photosensitive layer. The intermediate layer comprises an organic acid aluminum salt compound, preferably formed by heating an aqueous dispersion sol formed by reaction of an organic aluminum compound or a hydrolyzate thereof with an organic acid in an aqueous medium.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member exhibiting good potential characteristic and image forming characteristic fee from difficulties, such as lower image density, black spots and fog or interference fringes in halftone images, over wide temperature and humidity environment condition, is provided by inserting a specific intermediate layer between a support and a photosensitive layer. The intermediate layer comprises at at least 0.

Abstract: In order to maintain excellent electrical, optical and photoconductive characteristics and to significantly improve the durability under adverse environments, a light receiving member for electrophotography according to the present invention comprises in sequence: a supporting member and a light receiving layer; said light receiving layer comprising in sequence at least a photoconductive layer and a surface layer thereon, said photoconductive layer comprising a non-single-crystal material containing silicon atoms as a matrix, and said surface layer comprising an amorphous material containing silicon atoms and carbon atoms as a matrix, wherein the carbon atoms are at least diamond-bonded and graphite-bonded, and wherein from 2% to 30% by number of the carbon atoms are graphite-bonded.

Abstract: An electrophotographic light-receiving member has a conductive support and a light-receiving member having a photoconductive layer formed on the surface of the conductive support and composed of a non-single crystal material containing silicon atoms as a main component, hydrogen atoms and/or halogen atoms. The non-single crystal material which constitutes the photoconductive layer has an optical band gap of 1.8 eV to 1.85 eV, and the characteristic energy of an exponential tail obtained from a light absorption spectrum of the non-single crystal material is 50 meV to 55 meV. The electrophotographic light-receiving member is simultaneously improved in its charge performance, environmental stability and exposure memory, and has excellent potential characteristics and image properties.

Abstract: An electrophotography photoconductor has a conductive substrate and an anodic oxidation layer on which a photoconductive layer is formed. The sealed surface of the anodic oxidation has an admittance ranging from 0.4 S/m2 to 30 S/m2 and a contact angle of pure water ranging 30° to 80°. The surface of the anodic oxidation layer is sealed by dipping it into a nickel acetate solution. The contact angle and the admittance are determined depending on a temperature of the nickel acetate solution and a sealing time. In the case where the sealed surface is irradiated with ultraviolet rays, the heat-resisting property and cleanliness are improved.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member capable of exhibiting stable potential characteristics and image forming performances under wide ranges of environmental conditions, is formed of an electroconductive support, and an intermediate layer and a photosensitive layer disposed in this order on the electroconductive support. The intermediate layer comprises a thermosetting resin and an organometallic compound, which may comprise a polymerizate of a compound represented by formula (1) below: (RO)m—M—(L)n  (1), wherein R denotes an alkyl group; M denotes aluminum, titanium, zirconium, germanium or silicon; L denotes an organic group; m and n are integers of at least 0 giving m+n=3 in case of M being aluminum and m+n=4 in case of M being titanium, zirconium, germanium or silicon.

Abstract: An electrophotographic light-receiving member comprising a conductive support and provided thereon a photoconductive layer formed of a non-single-crystal material mainly composed of silicon atom and containing hydrogen atom and an element belonging to Group IIIb of the periodic table; wherein the photoconductive layer has hydrogen atom content, an optical band gap and a characteristic energy obtained from the exponential tail of light absorption spectra, all in specific ranges, and has on the surface side thereof a second layer region that absorbs a prescribed amount of light incident on the photoconductive layer and on the support side thereof the other first layer region; the element belonging to Group IIIb of the periodic table being contained in the second layer region in an amount made smaller than that in the first layer region.

Abstract: The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to the present invention has a conductive support (10) and a photoconductive layer laminated on the conductive support. The conductive layer is characterized by making a quantity of reflected lights with respect to exposure of a coherent light as a light source to be small and by having a short wavelength surface roughness in order to suppress a quantity of interference lights produced by the reflected lights and reflected lights from or incident lights on the photoconductive layer. Specifically, the conductive support (10) has aluminum or aluminum based alloy, and the maximum height (Ry) of the surface roughness of the conductive support is 0.8 &mgr;m or more and 2.0 &mgr;m or less. Further, the reflectivity of the light on the surface of the conductive support is equal to or less than 35% of a quantity of exposure light of a light source of a coherent light. This is able to prevent generation of the interference fringes.

Abstract: An electrophotoreceptor, comprises a conductive support; a photoreceptive layer, an intermediate layer provided between the conductive support and the photoreceptive layer, the intermediate layer containing N type semi-conductive fine particles and a binder resin, wherein the N type semi-conductive fine particles are subjected to plural surface treatments, and the final surface treatment is carried out employing a reactive organic silicon compound.

Abstract: An electrophotographic light-receiving member has a conductive support and a photoconductive layer composed of a non-monocrystalline material comprising silicon atoms as a matrix, hydrogen and/or halogen atoms, and an element belonging to Group IIIb of the periodic table. The photoconductive layer has from the surface side toward the conductive support side, a third layer region that absorbs 50-90% of incident image exposure light and a second layer region that absorbs 60-90% of pre-exposure light incident on the photoconductive layer. The Group IIIb element is present such that its content decreases from the conductive support side to the surface side. In three embodiments the photoconductive layer has, respectively: 10-30 at. % H; 10-20 at. % H and 25-40 at % H; an optical band gap of 1.75-1.85 eV, 1.65-1.75 eV and 1.80-1.90 eV and a characteristic energy of each of 50-55 meV.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member, including:

Abstract: An electrophotographic light-receiving member is disclosed which comprises a conductive support; and a light-receiving layer provided on the conductive support and having a photoconductive layer composed of a non-monocrystalline material comprising silicon atoms as a matrix, hydrogen and/or halogen atoms, and an element belonging to Group IIIb of the periodic table, wherein the photoconductive layer has from the surface side toward the conductive support side, a third layer region that absorbs a specified range of amount of image exposure light incident on the photoconductive layer, a second layer region that is other than the third layer region of a layer region that absorbs a specified range of amount of pre-exposure light incident on the photoconductive layer, and a first layer region that is other than the third and the second layer regions of the photoconductive layer, and wherein the element belonging to Group IIIb of the periodic table is contained in the photoconductive layer such that the content of

Abstract: A photoreceptor including: (a) a substrate; (b) a charge blocking layer including n-type particles and a linear phenolic binder composition; and (c) an imaging layer.

Abstract: A photoreceptor including: (a) a substrate; (b) a charge blocking layer including a plurality of light scattering particles dispersed in a binder, wherein the light scattering particles are composed of a core and a coating over the core, wherein the difference between the coating and the binder refractive index values is greater than the difference between the core and the binder refractive index values; and (c) an imaging layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member, including: a conductive substrate; an undercoat layer formed on the conductive substrate, which contains a binder resin and metal oxide particles treated with an organic metal compound represented by formula (1): where M is —Si3, —TiR3 or Al; R is a hydrogen atom or a C1 to C6 alkyl group; R1 and R2 are each, independently, a C1 to C6 alkyl group; R3 is a C1 to C6 alkyl group which may be substituted with an alkoxy group or a C1 to C6 alkoxy group which may be substituted with an alkoxy group; and a photosensitive layer formed on the undercoat layer.

Abstract: A photoreceptor including: (a) a substrate; (b) a charge blocking layer comprising a polymer polymerized fiom at least one monomer including vinylbenzyl alcohol monomer; and (c) at least one imaging layer.

Abstract: A photoreceptor comprising: (a) a substrate; (b) a charge blocking layer including a binder, a plurality of grain shaped n-type particles, and a plurality of needle shaped n-type particles, wherein the grain shaped particles have a higher concentration in the blocking layer than the needle shaped particles; and (c) an imaging layer.

Abstract: A photoreceptor including: (a) a substrate; (b) a charge blocking layer including a plurality of light scattering particles dispersed in a binder, wherein the light scattering particles have a refractive index different from the binder and wherein the light scattering particles have a number average particle size greater than about 0.8 micrometer and have a surface roughness defined by a specific surface area greater than about 50 m.sup.2 /gm; and (c) an imaging layer.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide an electro-photographic photoreceptor which has high sensitivity to long wavelength light to form a less defective image and exhibits a sufficient electrical charging property at the first rotation of the receptor to rapidly form an image. The electro-photographic photoreceptor is constructed by laminating an intermediate layer, a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer in order on a conductive support. The intermediate layer contains an adhesive resin, a carboxylic acid salt of the following structural formula (I), and titanium oxide. The content of the carboxylic acid salt is in a range of 0.5-5 weight % and that of titanium oxide in 10-50 weight % for the total amount of the intermediate layer.(R(COO).sub.k).sub.m A.sub.n (I)wherein R is a straight, branched or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated, and mono- to tetra-valent hydrocarbon group; A is an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal; and k, m and n each represent an integer of 1-4.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide a highly characteristic and lesser defective image using an electrophotographic photoreceptor which can be produced with a better coating property and which is highly sensitive and hardly loses the electrostatic stability during repeated use. A water-soluble or water/alcohol-soluble polyvinyl acetal and an inorganic pigment are involved in an underlayer provided between a conductive support and a photoconductive layer. Particularly, it is favorable to use titanium oxide as the inorganic pigment, make the ratio of polyvinyl acetal/titanium oxide 1/9-9/1 by weight, make the underlayer 0.5-5 .mu.

Abstract: The so-called memory effect occurring in a device for forming X-ray images by means of an X-ray image converter which includes a photoconductor for converting the X-rays into a charge pattern can be reduced by means of a trapping layer which is provided on at least one of the two sides of the photoconductor and reduces the current of charge carriers injected into the photoconductor from this side.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is provided which does not involve any image noise occurrence, such as black spot or white spot under any environment. The electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a photoreceptor substrate including an anodized layer formed on the surface of an aluminum or aluminum alloy base, the anodized layer having been sealed by a low temperature sealing treatment and a high temperature sealing treatment, and at least one photosensitive layer formed on the photoreceptor substrate.

Abstract: An electrophotographic light-receiving member comprising a conductive support and a light-receiving layer having a photoconductive layer showing a photoconductivity, formed on the conductive support and formed of a non-monocrystalline material mainly composed of a silicon atom and containing at least one of a hydrogen atom and a halogen atom, wherein said photoconductive layer contains from 10 atomic % to 30 atomic % of hydrogen, the characteristic energy of exponential tail obtained from light absorption spectra at light-incident portions at least of the photoconductive layer is from 50 meV to 60 meV, and the density of states of localization in the photoconductive layer is from 1.times.10.sup.14 cm.sup.-3 to 1.times.10.sup.16 cm.sup.-3. Since the in-gap levels of the photoconductive layer has been controlled, the light-receiving member can be improved in environmental stability and exposure memory at the same time and have superior potential characteristics and image characteristics.

Abstract: A photoconductive imaging member comprised of a supporting substrate, a hole blocking layer thereover, a photogenerating layer and a charge transport layer, and wherein the hole blocking layer is comprised of a metal oxide prepared by a sol-gel process.

Abstract: An electrophotography photoconductor has a conductive substrate and an anodic oxidation layer on which a photoconductive layer is formed. The sealed surface of the anodic oxidation has an admittance ranging from 0.4 S/m.sup.2 to 30 S/m.sup.2 and a contact angle of pure water ranging 30.degree. to 80.degree.. The surface of the anodic oxidation layer is sealed by dipping it into a nickel acetate solution. The contact angle and the admittance are determined depending on a temperature of the nickel acetate solution and a sealing time. In the case where the sealed surface is irradiated with ultraviolet rays, the heat-resisting property and cleanliness are improved.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor and method for producing same, the electrophotographic photoconductor including an electroconductive substrate; and a photosensitive film laminated on said electroconductive substrate, wherein the electroconductive substrate comprises an aluminum substrate which has an anodic oxidation film on at least one surface thereof and which has been treated with a sealing agent mixture including an additive selected from the group consisting of a phosphate ester surfactant, a naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate, and a bisphenol A sulfonate formaldehyde condensate and a sealing agent.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus has a charging unit, an image exposure unit, a reversal development unit, an image transfer unit, and an electrophotographic photoconductor including an electroconductive support and a photoconductive layer formed thereon, the photoconductive layer being provided by coating and drying a photoconductive layer formation liquid containing a solvent, with a change in the content of the solvent in the photoconductive layer dried being 10% or less 24 hours after the drying thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photoconductor element for use in electrophotographic imaging, including a support, a photoconductive layer coated on the support, and a barrier layer coated on the photoconductive layer. The barrier layer includes an organic polymer and silica.

Abstract: A photoreceptor composed of: (a) a substrate; (b) a blocking layer including a fluoroelastomer; (c) a charge generating layer including a binder material and a phthalocyanine; and (d) a charge transport layer.

Abstract: A laminate type organic electrophotographic photoconductor uses a thick undercoating layer as an intermediate layer for reducing the influence of a conductive substrate on a charge generation layer. An organosilicon coupling agent is bonded to the surfaces of small particles of titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide or cerium oxide, at an Existence Ratio represented by the peak intensity ratio (Si2p/Me2p, Me=Ti, Zr or Al) or (Si2p/Ce3d) of from 0.15 to 0.6 of a bonding energy spectrum measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The metal oxide small particles, the surfaces of which have been treated mechanochemically, are cleaned to reduce the ionic impurity concentration of the undercoating layer to below 1 ppm. The cleaned metal oxide small particles are dispersed into the polyamide copolymer binder resin for the undercoating layer.

Abstract: The photoconductor of the invention includes a conductive substrate, a photoconductive film on the conductive substrate and an intermediate layer between the conductive substrate and the photoconductive film. The intermediate layer contains first inorganic pigment particles having a primary particle diameter of 0.1 .mu.m or less, and second inorganic pigment particles having a primary particle diameter from 0.1 to 1.0 .mu.m. At least 10 wt % of the second inorganic pigment particles is contained in the intermediate layer. The photoconductor prevents interference fringes and image defects, and provides excellent images.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide an electrophotographic photoconductor featuring uniform chargeability to a predetermined potential, low residual potential and excellent stability in the operating environment and repeated use thereof, as well as a method of producing the same. An undercoat layer between a substrate and a photosensitive layer is formed by the use of a coating fluid for undercoat layer containing a coupling agent having an unsaturated bond, a metal oxide, a binder and a mixture solvent. The coupling agent increases affinity of the metal oxide for the binder so that the coating fluid does not suffer the aggregation of the metal oxide or gelation thereof, presenting homogeneity and excellent can-stability. Thus is obtained a uniform undercoat layer.

Abstract: A light receiving member comprising a photoconductive layer disposed on an electrically conductive surface of a substrate, said photoconductive layer being constituted by a non-single crystal material containing silicon atoms as a matrix and at least one kind of atoms selected from hydrogen atoms and halogen atoms, wherein said photoconductive layer contains a plurality of layer regions which are different from each other with respect to characteristic energy at an exponential tail obtained from a light absorption spectrum, hydrogen content and optical band gap. The light receiving member exhibits excellent potential characteristics and image-forming performance for visible laser.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor includes an electrically conductive substrate in the form of a cylindrical tube, the substrate having an outer surface roughened by dry-blasting to a maximum surface roughness of about 5 .mu.m or less, and a photoconductive layer on the substrate. Preferably, the substrate is aluminum or an aluminum alloy and has an inner diameter and a thickness related to each other in a ratio of inner diameter to thickness of 75 or less. The substrate preferably has not been preliminarily finished by cutting. Preferably, the electrophotographic photoconductor comprises an oxide film between the substrate and the photoconductive layer, the oxide film covering 75% or more of the outer surface of the substrate. In a preferred embodiment, the electrophotographic photoconductor further comprises an undercoating layer between the oxide film and the photoconductive layer, the undercoating layer composed substantially of an organic resin and having a thickness of about 5 .mu.m or less.

Abstract: An electrostatographic imaging member composed of: (a) a substrate having a metal surface; (b) a metal layer having less than about 1% by weight oxygen atoms based on the weight of the metal layer, bonded to the substrate metal surface, and wherein the metal layer has a composition different from the substrate metal surface; (c) a charge blocking layer including a metal oxide over the metal layer, wherein the charge blocking layer fails to function also as a light reflection preventive layer; and (d) at least one imaging layer.

Abstract: In the manufacture of a photoconductor for electrophotography, an aluminum substrate is heated at a temperature of 430.degree. C. to 550.degree. C. for three or more hours in such a manner that the admittance of an anodic oxidation film to be formed over the aluminum substrate is within a range of 0.4 to 30 S/m2 and the anodic oxidation film has a contact angle by pure water is restricted within a range of 30.degree. to 80.degree., thus improving the heat resistance of the aluminum substrate. The resulting photoconductor for electrophotography has an adequate degree of heat resistance and can give a good image characteristic even in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photosensitive member comprising an electrically conductive substrate having an anodized aluminum layer on the surface and a thick photosensitive layer on the substrate.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member which comprises an aluminum substrate having an aluminum oxide film at its surface, and, formed sequentially on the substrate, an intermediate layer and a photosensitive layer which contains a photoconductive material, wherein the intermediate layer contains from 5 to 20 wt % of a photoconductive material and has a thickness of from 0.5 to 5 .mu.m, and the resistivity of a laminate of the aluminum oxide film and the intermediate layer is from 10.sup.9 to 3.times.10.sup.10 .OMEGA./3.14 cm.sup.2 when a DC voltage of 20 V is applied.