Abstract: A thin (<5 .mu.m) charge injection barrier layer is provided on a top surface of an inverse dual layer photoconductor using hole transport or on at least one surface of a single layer photoconductor or on an electrically conductive substrate of a conventional dual layer photoconductor using either hole transport or electron transport. The charge injection barrier layer comprises at least one terpolymer given by the formula ?A.sub.x B.sub.y C.sub.z !.sub.n, where A is a charge injection prohibitor to prevent leakage of charge from the surface, B is a solubility control moiety to control solubility of the polymer and its glass transition temperature, and C is an electron charge moiety for neutralizing surface charge. Each of the moieties A, B, and C contain a vinyl group. The value of x is at least about 0.01, y is within the range of about 0.01 to 0.3, and z is within the range of about 0.01 to 0.4, with the sum of x+y+z=1.

Abstract: Electrical components comprising a ohmic contact-providing layer and a charge transport layer wherein the ohmic contact-providing layer comprises a fluorinated carbon filled fluoropolymer.

Abstract: A photoconductive element comprising an electrically conductive base; two or more charge generation layers; at least one charge transport layer; and a protective layer comprising diamond-like carbon, having fluorine between 0 and 65 atomic percent of the protective layer.

Abstract: A light receiving member comprising a electrically conductive substrate, a photoconductive layer composed of a non-single crystalline material containing at least silicon atoms as a matrix formed on said substrate by decomposing a silicon-containing raw material gas, and a surface protective layer composed of a non-single crystalline carbon material containing hydrogen formed on said photoconductive layer by decomposing a raw material gas comprising at least a hydrocarbon using a high frequency power with an oscillation frequency of 50 MHz to 450 MHz, wherein a 20 .ANG. or more thick surface side layer region of said surface protective layer composed of said non-single crystalline carbon material is etched at an etching speed of 0.1 to 50 .ANG./sec. by means of a fluorine-containing plasma produced by decomposing a fluorine-containing gas using a high frequency power with an oscillation frequency of 50 MHz to 450 MHz such that said surface protective layer has a thickness of 100 to 10000 .ANG.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor, having a conductive supporting substrate, a photoconductive layer disposed thereon, and a surface protective layer formed on the photoconductive layer, with the surface protective layer being made of hydrogenated diamond-like carbon or hydrogenated amorphous carbon and containing at least one additional element selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, fluorine, boron, phosphorus, chlorine, bromine and iodine, with the atomic ratio of total additional elements to carbon in the surface protective layer being smaller in close proximity to the photoconductive layer than in the remainder of the surface protective layer, and having a Knoop hardness of more than or equal to 1000 kg/mm.sup.2 in the outermost portion of the surface protective layer is provided which has improved resistance against peeling and scratch, and is thus capable of forming electrophotographic images of high quality for repeated use over an extended period of time.

Abstract: A photosensitive member for electrophotography having excellent electrophotographic characteristics such as chargeability, photosensitivity and dark attenuation, excellent corona resistance and excellent durability, which comprises an electrically conductive support and a photosensitive layer containing a resin binder and particles of a photoconductive phthalocyanine compound dispersed in said binder, said photosensitive layer containing at least one member selected from the group consisting of an electron acceptive material, a coupling agent, an antioxidant and a hydroxyl group-containing polymer.

Abstract: This invention is a photoreceptor element comprising, in order, an electroconductive support, a photoconductive layer, a barrier, and, preferably, a release layer. The barrier is a two layer system comprising:1) adjacent to the photoconductive layer, a non-conductive, charge blocking layer, and2) over the non-conductive, charge blocking layer, an electrically conductive barrier layer.

Abstract: A process for the elimination of labile glycohaemoglobin from a sample comprises adding to the sample a reagent comprising a temperature dependent buffer having a pH/temperature coefficient of -0.011 or less, and a method for measuring the concentration of stable glycohaemoglobin in sample containing stable and labile glycohaemoglobin fractions.

Abstract: Glassy solid electrolytes and charge transporting elements including antistatic elements and charge generating elements. The charge generating element has an electrically conductive layer, a charge generating layer overlying the electrically conductive layer, and a layer of glassy solid electrolyte overlying the electrically conductive layer. The glassy solid electrolyte includes a complex of silsesquioxane and a charge carrier. The complex has a surface resistivity from about 1.times.10.sup.10 to about 1.times.10.sup.17 ohms/sq. The complex has a T.sup.2 -silicon:T.sup.3 -silicon ratio of less than 1 to 1. The complex has a ratio of carbon atoms to silicon atoms of greater than about 1.2 to 1.

Abstract: A flexible electrophotographic imaging member including a supporting substrate coated with at least one imaging layer comprising hole transporting material containing at least two long chain alkyl carboxylate groups dissolved or molecularly dispersed in a film forming binder.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptors having a protective layer which contains a specially cross-linked phenolic resin. The cross-linked phenolic resin contains both methylene ether linkages and methylene linkages that are provided such that the oxygen element content of the cross-linked phenolic resin contains no greater than 23.5 wt %, or more preferably between about 21 wt % and 23.5 wt %, of oxygen atoms. In a preferred embodiment, the specially cross-linked phenolic resin is formed by (a) raising the cross-linking temperature from 80.degree..+-.10.degree. C. to about 130.degree. C., in a cascading manner involving at least one intermediate treatment temperature; then (b) lowering the cross-linking temperature from about 130.degree. C. to 80.degree..+-.10.degree. C. The protective layer improves the chemical stability and mechanical strength of the electrophotographic photoreceptor while retaining the desired photoelectric properties thereof.

Abstract: This invention is a photoconductive element comprising an electroconductive substrate, a photoconductive layer on a surface of the electroconductive substrate, and a release layer over the photoconductive layer. The release layer comprises a fluoroether polymer which is the reaction product of components comprising: A) a di-functional perfluoroether, B) a diisocyanate, C) an amino functional silane, and D) optionally, a diol chain extender.

Abstract: An imaging member comprised of a supporting substrate with a coating thereover and wherein the coating is comprised of resin, electrically conductive metal oxide particles, and insulative metal oxide particles, wherein each electrically conductive particle is substantially electrically isolated and separated from any other of the electrically conductive particles by the insulative particles.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member having includinga supporting substrate having an electrically conductive surface,a hole blocking layer, an optional adhesive layer,a charge generating layer,a charge transport layer,an optional anticurl back coating,a ground strip layer andan optional overcoating layer,at least one of the charge transport layer, anticurl back coating, ground strip layer and overcoating layer comprising a silica particle clusters homogeneously distributed in a film forming matrix.

Abstract: The invention provides electrographic imaging sheets comprising a substrate carrying a layer of dielectric material which has abhesive properties suitable for the release of a multicolored toner image from the dielectric surface during image transfer, while also having good toning properties during the several development stages of a multicolor toner imaging process.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member having a protective layer which comprises electroconductive particles and a binding resin, wherein the difference between the reflex indices of the electroconductive particles and binding resin is 0.3 or less.

Abstract: A charge generating element having an electrically conductive layer, a charge generating layer overlying the electrically conductive layer, and an overcoat overlying the charge generating layer. The overcoat includes dye and a complex of inorganic oxide polymer and a charge carrier. The overcoat has a surface resistivity of from about 1.times.10.sup.10 to about 1.times.10.sup.17 ohms/sq.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a conductive support and provided thereon an intermediate layer, a carrier generation layer and a carrier transport layer, wherein an outermost layer of said electrophotographic photoreceptor contains silica particle each containing an aluminium ingredient of not more than 1000 ppm, a calcium ingredient of not more than 300 ppm and a iron ingredient of not more than 1000 ppm, and said silica particles have a volume average particle size of 0.05 through 5 .mu.m.

Abstract: A positive charge type organic photoconductor in which the surface of the photoconductor having a film thickness of from 10 to 30 .mu.m and containing at least from 15 to 40% by weight of a phthalocyanine type photoconductive compound in a resin binder, is treated with a reactive monomer or oligomer capable of extinguishing ionic active and radical active parts.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor includes an electroconductive support; a photoconductive layer formed on the electroconductive support; and a surface protective layer formed on the photoconductive layer, the surface protective layer having a hydrogen-containing diamond-like carbon structure or amorphous carbon structure, which contains at least one additive element selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, fluorine, boron, phosphorus, chlorine, bromine and iodine, with the atomic ratio of the additive element to the carbon in the carbon structure having such a distribution in the direction of the thickness of the surface protective layer that the atomic ratio is smaller in the vicinity of the top surface of the surface protective layer and in the vicinity of the photoconductive layer adjacent to the surface protective layer than in the other portion of the surface protective layer.

Abstract: A light receiving member having a light receiving layer comprising a photoconductive layer and a surface layer disposed on a conductive substrate, wherein the photoconductive layer comprises, from the side of the substrate, a first photoconductive layer constituted by an amorphous material containing silicon atoms as a matrix, carbon atoms, hydrogen atoms and fluorine atoms, and a second photoconductive layer constituted by an amorphous material containing silicon atoms as a matrix, and at least one kind of atoms selected from hydrogen atoms and fluorine atoms, wherein the content of said fluorine atoms in the first photoconductive layer is from 1 to 95 atomic ppm based on the content of said silicon atoms.

Abstract: This invention is a photoconductive assembly comprising an electroconductive substrate, a photoconductive layer on a surface of the electroconductive substrate, and a release layer over the photoconductive layer wherein the release layer comprises a silicone polymer which has a bimodal distribution of chain lengths between cross-links.

Abstract: An overcoating for an electrophotographic imaging member includes an amorphous fluoropolymer overcoating layer.

Abstract: An electrostatic image forming method is disclosed. The photoreceptor containing an organic photosensitive material has a layer containing fine particles at the photoreceptor surface; toner has at least binder resin, coloring agent, and releasing agent made of polyolefines in which the ratio, Mz/Mn, is is 3-20, and Mz is 20,000-70,000 wherein Mz is Z-average molecular weight in terms of polypropylene and Mn is the number average molecular weight in terms of polypropylene. No offset phenomenon occurs, and a stable image having no fogging and no black-spots can be formed for a long period of time by the invention.

Abstract: A photoconductive member, comprises a support for a photoconductive member and an amorphous layer which is constituted of silicon atoms as matrix containing at least one of hydrogen atom and halogen atom and exhibits photo-conductivity, said amorphous layer having a layer region containing carbon atoms in at least a part thereof, the content of the carbon atoms in said layer region being distributed unevenly in the direct on of the thickness of said layer.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for producing an electrostatic image is disclosed. A thin layer of hydrophobic particles is coated on the surface of the charge bearing member which can be a photoconductor or a dielectric. The hydrophobic particles may also be used on the developer roller which applies the toner. A liquid toner made substantially of a hydrophilic liquid, such as water, and suspended pigment binders is used. The invention is applicable to both one and multiple color systems.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising a substrate, a light receiving layer having a photoconductive layer composed of a non-single crystal material containing silicon atoms as a matrix and having photoconductivity disposed on said substrate, and a surface protective layer disposed on said light receiving layer, characterized in that said surface protective layer comprises a metal oxide film formed by adjusting the surface of said light receiving layer to have a contact angle against water of 80.degree. or more, applying a sol liquid comprising an organometallic compound admixed with water, an alcohol and an acid onto the surface of said light receiving layer, and subjecting the resultant to heat treatment. An electrophotographic apparatus provided with said electrophotographic photosensitive member. A process for the production of said electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: In organic photoconductors (OPC's) for electrophotography, a barrier layer is placed on top of the OPC. The barrier may have 2 layers--1, an electron withdrawing layer on top of the OPC; and,--2, an electron donating layer on top of the electron withdrawing layer. The barrier layer comprises: 1. a crosslinked polymer binder; 2. a charge injection prohibiter molecule, and optionally; 3. an electron withdrawing molecule. This formulation has resulted in a long-life OPC with more than 50,000 good cycles at high severity test conditions. The OPC had not only long life during continuous use, but also long shelf life and long on-again/off-again operation life.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising: an electrically conductive substrate, a charge injection blocking layer formed on said electrically conductive substrate, a photoconductive layer comprising a single layer formed on said charge injection blocking layer, said photoconductive layer comprising amorphous silicon containing boron, a positive hole capturing layer formed on said photoconductive layer, said positive hole capturing layer being selected from the group comprising amorphous silicon containing less than 50 ppm boron and amorphous silicon being substantially composed of hydrogen and silicon atoms, and a surface layer formed on said positive hole capturing layer. The boron concentration contained in said photoconductive layer is 0.01-1000 ppm. The surface layer is formed by amorphous silicon nitride, amorphous silicon oxide, amorphous silicon carbide or amorphous carbon as a main body. The charge injection blocking layer has amorphous silicon as a main body and contains a group V element.

Abstract: A member for electrically cooperating with a conductive support surface to attract charged toner particles from the surface towards the member is disclosed. The member comprises a conductive substrate capable of supporting a uniform bias potential thereon and at least one coating comprising a resilient elastomeric polyurethane.

Abstract: There is provided an improved light receiving member comrpsing a substrate and a light receiving layer formed by laminating a first layer having photoconductivity which is constituted with an amorphous material containing silicon atoms as the main constituent atoms and germanium atoms, and a second layer constituted with an amorphous material containing silicon atoms, carbon atoms and an element for controlling the conductivity. The germanium atoms contained in the first layer are in the state of being unevenly distributed in the entire layer region or in the partial layer region adjacent to the substrate. The first layer may contain one or more kinds selected from an element for controlling the conductivity, oxygen atoms and nitrogen atoms in the entire layer region on in the partial layer region.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member having a surface layer comprising a bisphenol Z-type polycarbonate resin is charged by contact charging. The charged electrophotographic photosensitive member is then subjected to imagewise exposure to form an electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive member, the thus formed electrostatic latent image on the electrophotographic photosensitive member is developed. The electrophotographic photosensitive member shows good resistance to wearing and toner sticking when subjected to electrophotographic image formation including a contact charging process.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photosensitive member composed of a photosensitive layer and a surface protective layer on an electrically substrate in this order, in which the surface protective layer comprises an amorphous carbon layer which has a specified ratio of absorptivity coefficients of infrared absorption peaks in infrared absorption spectrum.

Abstract: There is provided an improved light receiving member comrpsing a substrate and a light receiving layer formed by laminating a first layer having photoconductivity which is constituted with an amorphous material containing silicon atoms as the main constituent atoms and germanium atoms, and a second layer constituted with an amorphous material containing silicon atoms, carbon atoms and an element for controlling the conductivity. The germanium atoms contained in the first layer are in the state of being unevenly distributed in the entire layer region or in the partial layer region adjacent to the substrate. The first layer may contain one or more kinds selected from an element for controlling the conductivity, oxygen atoms and nitrogen atoms in the entire layer region on in the partial layer region.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor includes an electroconductive support; a photoconductive layer formed on the electroconductive support; and a surface protective layer formed on the photoconductive layer, the surface protective layer having a hydrogen-containing diamond-like carbon structure or amorphous carbon structure, containing therein an additive element selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, fluorine, boron, phosphorous, chlorine, bromine and iodine, with the atomic ratio of the additive element to the carbon contained in the surface protective layer being larger in the vicinity of the top surface of the surface protective layer than in the vicinity of the photoconductive layer adjacent to the surface protective layer.

Abstract: An improved organic photoconductor is disclosed which comprises: (a) a conductive substrate; (b) a charge generation layer; (c) a charge transport layer; and (d) a reinforcing overcoating layer. The reinforcing overcoating layer contains a polymer resin prepared from a reaction mixture comprising: (i) about 87 to 94 wt % of a bifunctional 3,9-divinyl spirobi(m-dioxane) and styrene; (ii) about 5 to 8 wt % of maliec acid di-allyl ester; and (iii) about 1 to 5 wt % of a heat-induced polymerization initiator. The organic photoconductor exhibits light and heat stability and abrasion resistance comparable to those of inorganic photoconductors, but it eliminates many of the shortcomings, such as toxicity and enviromental pollution problems, that have been recognized as being associated with the inorganic photoconductors. Furthermore, the provision of this overcoating layer does not cause any loss of performance, as measured by the residual potential under various test conditions.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor for positive electrification comprising at least an electroconductive layer, a charge injection blocking layer, a photoconductive layer and a surface layer. The photoconductive layer comprises a layer having an amorphous silicon layer containing one or more of hydrogen, halogen and a Group III element for controlling electroconductivity and layer having an amorphous silicon germanium layer containing at least hydrogen, halogen and a Group III element. The charge injection blocking layer comprises an amorphous silicon layer containing hydrogen and a Group III element in an amount of equal or less than 1000 ppm. The electrophotographic photoreceptor has excellent electrification characteristics with dark and light sensitivities, stability against repetitive use and may be utilized as a photoreceptor for a semiconductor laser beam printer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for image formation in which an electrostatic latent image is formed on an image supporting member having a carbon-based high-hardness surface coating layer. The electrostatic latent image is developed with a toner which includes resin particles composed of at least a binder resin and a colorant, specific fine particles fixed on the surface of the resin particles and post-treatment fine particles mixed with the resin particles on the surface of which the fine particles are fixed. The fine particles prevent the post-treatment fine particles from being embedded in the resin particles. The developed toner image is then transferred onto a transfer member to form the image.

Abstract: An electrophotographic apparatus is disclosed which has an electrophotographic photosensitive member and a transfer device. The photosensitive member has a conductive support and a photosensitive layer, and further has a surface layer formed of a binder resin, fluorine atom- or silicon atom-containing compound particles incompatible with the binder resin, and a fluorine atom- or silicon atom-containing compound compatible with the binder resin. In the surface layer, the proportion of fluorine atoms and silicon atoms to carbon atoms, (F+Si)/C, as measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is 0.01 to 1.0. Additionally, the transfer device is a multiple-transfer device.

Abstract: An electrophotographic toner showing a good fixability onto recording paper is constituted by at least a binder resin and a colorant, the binder resin comprising a resin component having a polar group, the binder resin having a molecular weight distribution according to gel permeation chromatography including a peak in a molecular weight region of 5.times.10.sup.3 -5.times.10.sup.4. The toner is used to develop an electrostatic image formed on a electrophotographic photosensitive member including at least an electroconductive support, a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer, and the resultant toner image is transferred onto a recording medium without difficulties such as occurrence of cracks on the photosensitive member or inferior transferability by using a photosensitive member having a surface layer containing a transition metal atom at 0.1-10 ppm.

Abstract: A negative-charging electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising an electrically conductive support having consecutively thereon (a) a charge injection prevention layer having a thickness of from 0.15 to 10 .mu.m, (b) a photoconductive layer, and (c) a surface layer, the charge injection prevention layer (a) comprising amorphous silicon containing at least one of a hydrogen atom and a halogen atom, and containing a nitrogen atom in an atomic ratio of from 0.01 to 0.65 to the silicon atom, the photoconductive layer (b) comprising amorphous silicon containing at least one of a hydrogen atom and a halogen atom.

Abstract: A process for producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising the steps of forming a photoconductive layer on a conductive substrate in a reaction chamber, and after the photoconductive layer is formed, forming a surface protection layer on the photoconductive layer by introducing into the reaction chamber a gaseous mixture comprising (i) a first component, fluorohydrocarbon gas, and (ii) a second component silicon, hydride gas, or a hydrocarbon gas and/or hydrogen gas and decomposing the gaseous mixture by glow discharge, wherein the surface protection layer thus formed comprises amorphous silicon carbide when the second component is a silicon hydride gas or amorphous carbon when the second component is a hydrocarbon gas and/or hydrogen gas. The surface protection layer exhibits sufficient hardness to protect the photoconductive layer from frictional scratches and other related damage.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes an electroconductive substrate, a photosensitive layer disposed on the electroconductive substrate, and a protective layer disposed on the photosensitive layer, the protective layer containing a resin formed by polymerization of compounds each having two or more ion polymerizable functional groups, and electroconductive particles.

Abstract: An electrophotographic light-receiving member comprising a conductive substrate 101 and laminated thereto a non-monocrystalline material photoconductive layer 102 and a surface layer 103. The photoconductive layer 102 is mainly composed of silicon atoms and contains at least carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms. The percentage of carbon atoms having a carbon-carbon bond in the photoconductive layer is controlled to be not more than 60% based on the whole carbon atoms contained therein, and, in an instance in which a blocking layer 104 is provided between the conductive substrate 101 and the photoconductive layer 102, the percentage of carbon atoms having a carbon-carbon bond in the blocking layer is also controlled. This makes it possible to prevent clusters of carbon atoms from being formed in the photoconductive layer or blocking layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising an electroconductive support having thereon a light-sensitive layer. At least the outermost layer of the light-sensitive layer contains (1) fine grains of at least one of a melamine-formaldehyde condensate and a benzoguanamine-formaldehyde condensate, and, as a binder resin, a polycarbonate resin comprising a constitutive unit represented by formula (II); or (2) fine grains of a benzoguanamine-melamine-formaldehyde condensate having an average grain size of from 0.03 to 4 .mu.m.

Abstract: An improved electrophotographic recording material of the type comprising an electrically conductive substrate having a blocking layer composed of an amorphous material including silicon atoms, hydrogen atoms and carbon atoms disposed on the substrate, and a photoconductive layer of hydrogenated amorphous silicon disposed on the blocking layer. The photoconductive layer includes carbon atoms, the blocking layer and the photoconductive layer are doped with an element of Group III of the Periodic Table of Elements, and the ratio of the carbon percentage to the percentage of the element of Group III of the Periodic Table of Elements is the same in the blocking layer and in the photoconductive layer.

Abstract: An image holding member rich in durability and suitably used as an electrophotographic photosensitive member or an electrostatic image-holding dielectric member is prepared by coating a support with a resinous layer formed by polymerization of a phosphazene polyene represented by the following formida: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 denotes an ethylenically unsaturated group, preferably an acrylic group represented by --R.sub.2 --OCO--C(R.sub.3)=CH.sub.2, wherein R.sub.2 denotes an alkylene group, arylene group, alkyl-substituted arylene group, alkylamide group or arylamide group, and R.sub.3 denotes a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. The resinous layer may constitute a photosensitive layer, a dielectric layer, or a protective layer covering these layers.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member has an electroconductive support, a photosensitive layer, and a protection layer in named order. The protection layer contains a binder resin and a particulate electroconductive material. The particulate electroconductive material has been treated for adhesion of a siloxane compound represented by Formula (1) and subsequently is heat-treated at a temperature of not lower than 120.degree. C.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member which has a surface layer of high hardness, high resistance to abrasion and scratching, and high durability. The surface layer of the photosensitive member contains a polymerization product of a monomer compound represented by the formula (1) or (2).

Abstract: Image-forming member for electrophotography comprising a charge generation layer composed of hydrogenated amorphous silicon.