Abstract: An ionographic imaging member has a conductive layer overcoated by a charge accepting layer. Overcoating layers of acrylate, polycarbonate, polyester, polyurethane, acrylic homopolymer or copolymer and the like are provided. Blocking layers may be provided for preventing charge injection and reducing surface charge decay and bulk charge trapping. The charge accepting layer may be doped with a charge clocking material for preventing charge injection. The overcoating and blocking layers may be one and the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photosensitive member comprising:an electrically conductive substrate,an organic photosensitive layer formed on or over the electrically conductive substrate, the organic photosensitive layer comprising an antioxidant and/or a charge transporting material, anda surface protective layer formed on the organic photosensitive member,characterized by that the antioxidant and/or the charge transporting material is (are) contained in a more increased quantity with being closer to the interface between the surface protective layer and the organic photosensitive layer.

Abstract: This invention relates to a photosensitive member for retaining electrostatic latent images, which comprises:an electrically conductive substrate,a photosensitive layer formed on the electrically conductive layer and including a photoconductive material, andinsulating and light-transmittable specks distributed on the photosensitive layer as a surface protective layer.

Abstract: A printing member for electrostatic photocopying, comprises a substrate having a conductive surface and a photoelectric-sensitive, electrically chargeable layer deposited on the conductive surface of the substrate. The electrically chargeable layer has a non-single crystal semiconductor layer having a built-in-potential, or the non-single crystal semiconductor layer and an insulating or semi-insulating layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor comprises an electroconductive substrate, an organic photoconductive layer formed on the electroconductive substrate, and a protective layer formed on the organic photoconductive layer, comprising carbon or a carbon-based material as its main component, in which the difference in the Vickers hardness between the organic photoconductive layer and the protective layer is 2500 Kg/mm.sup.2 or less, and the oxygen concentration at the interface or in the vicinity of the interface between the organic photoconductive layer and the protective layer is 1 atom % or less.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer essentially made of amorphous silicon formed over a support, and a surface layer made of amorphous silicon formed over the photosensitive layer. The amorphous silicon of the photosensitive layer includes boron of 0.1-5 ppm, and the amorphous silicon of the surface layer includes nitrogen. The layers of material formed over the support include a charge blocking layer.

Abstract: A protective overcoating layer for an electrophotographic imaging device prevents crystallization and leaching of charge transport compounds in a charge transport layer of the device, while also preventing solvent and ink contact/bending stress charge transport layer cracking. The overcoating layer contains a film forming binder material or polymer blend doped with a charge transport compound in an amount less than about 10% by weight. The overcoating layer may alternatively contain a single component hole transporting carbazole polymer or polymer blend of hole transport carbazole polymer with a film forming polymer.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a photosensitive member comprising an electrically conductive substrate, a photoconductive layer of a ceramic material, an intermediate layer of an organic high polymer formed on the photoconductive layer and having a thickness of about 0.01 to about 1 micron and an overcoat layer of a ceramic material formed on the intermediate layer. The intermediate layer has a volume resistivity smaller than that of the overcoat layer.

Abstract: The invention presents an electrophotographic photosensitive material possessing a surface layer excellent in wear resistance, without adversely affecting the photosensitive characteristics, wherein a photosensitive layer and a surface protective layer containing a thermoset silicone resin are laminated in this order on a substrate surface, and the silicone resin of the surface protective layer is hardened by a hardening catalyst mainly composed of a compound of the general formula (I) or an acid salt thereof which is selected from the group consisting of: a phenol salt, an octylic acid salt, a p-toluenesulfonic acid salt and a formic acid salt ##STR1##

Abstract: A method of using a liquid electrophotographic toner with a permanent master to electrostatically transfer a electrophotographically developed electrostatic image via a reversal photographic process from the permanent master to a receiving surface is disclosed. The permanent master is made from a multilayer plate of a photopolymer material and a protective overcoated material whose surface is hard, low friction and acts as a physical and chemical barrier.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor is disclosed, which comprises an electroconductive substrate, a photoconductive layer formed on the electroconductive substrate, and a protective layer formed on the photoconductive layer, the protective layer comprising a binder resin and finely-divided particles of at least one metal oxide with the surface thereof being coated with a coupling agent selected from the group consisting of a titanate-type coupling agent, a fluorine-containing silane coupling agent, and an acetoalkoxyaluminum diisopropylate, dispersed in the binder resin.

Abstract: A printing member for electrostatic photocopying, comprises a substrate having a conductive surface and a photoelectric-sensitive, electrically chargeable layer deposited on the conductive surface of the substrate. The electrically chargeable layer has a non-single crystal semiconductor layer having a built-in-potential, or the non-single crystal semiconductor layer and an insulating or semi-insulating layer.

Abstract: A printing member for electrostatic photocopying, comprises a substrate having a conductive surface and a photoelectric-sensitive, electrically chargeable layer deposited on the conductive surface of the substrate. The electrically chargeable layer has a non-single crystal semiconductor layer having a built-in-potential, or the non-single crystal semiconductor layer and an insulating or semi-insulating layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprises a photoconductive layer having a protective layer disposed thereon, said protective layer being formed by dehydrocondensation of the hydrolyzate of a perfluoroalkyl silane coupling agent, or the hydrolyzate of a mixture of a perfluoroalkyl silane coupling agent and a silane coupling agent. The photoreceptor is very useful in that it can exhibit a high performance even in an environment at a higher temperature and at a higher humidity and that it has a high resistance to the abrasion with a great number of sheets being printed and with the cleaning members and that it is capable of preserving a high resolution without any image blurring.

Abstract: A photosensitive member of the present invention comprises an electrically conductive substrate, a photoconductive layer and an overcoat layer.The photoconductive layer comprises selenium-arsenic alloy layer, or selenium layer and selenium-tellurium layer formed in this order. The overcoat layer comprises amorphous carbon containing hydrogen atoms, halogen atoms and at least one element selected from the group consisting of chalcogen, oxygen, nitrogen and elements in Group III and IV of the periodic table.The photosensitive member of this construction is harmless and excellent in electrophotographic characteristics inclusive of durability and surface hardness.

Abstract: An improved electrophotographic photoreceptor of a function separation type for long wavelength light is provided which comprises an As.sub.2 Se.sub.3 carrier transport layer, a 30 to 50 wt % Te-Se alloy carrier generation layer and an As.sub.2 Se.sub.3 surface protective layer and an outer layer of a transparent insulating material.

Abstract: A photoconductive element is described, comprising an amorphous silicon sensor and a transparent, insulative protective layer on the sensor, said protective layer comprising polymers or copolymers (including terpolymers, etc.) having one of four specific types of recurring units, or mixtures thereof, or polymer compositions composed mainly of the above polymers or copolymers; such a photoconductive element shows reduced damage of the sensor as compared to the conventional technique, and permits increases in productivity and decreases in production costs.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor is disclosed, which comprises an electroconductive support, a photoconductive layer formed on the electroconductive support, and an overcoat layer formed on the photoconductive layer, in which the overcoat layer comprises a binder resin and one component selected from the group consisting of a crown ether, a polyalkylene glycol, a polyalkylene glycol ester and a polyalkylene glycol ether. The overcoat layer may be composed of an intermediate layer formed on the photoconductive layer, and a protective layer formed on the intermediate layer in such a manner that any of the crown ether and polyalkylene glycol derivatives is contained in the intermediate layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a photosensitive layer on a conductive substrate, wherein a surface layer of said photosensitive member contains solid lubricant and silicone oil.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor is disclosed, which comprises an electroconductive layer, on which are formed in order, a photoconductive layer, a charge retention layer and a protective layer, optionally an adhesive layer between the charge retention layer and the protective layer, the charge retention layer comprising a silicone resin which comprises: (a) 50 wt. % to 80 wt. % of silicone and oxygen, (b) 10 wt. % to 30 wt. % of carbon, (c) 1 wt. % to 10 wt. % of hydrogen, and (d) 1 wt. % to 10 wt. % of nitrogen. The photoconductive layer may comprise an As-Se alloy, in which case, it is preferable that the amount of As be in the range of 33 wt. % to 38 wt. % and the balance thereof be Se in the As-Se alloy. Preferably the adhesive layer comprises a hardened material containing a metal alkoxide.

Abstract: A photosensitive member for electrophotography comprises a photoconductive layer on an electroconductive substrate, said photoconductive layer being provided with a light scattering means having light scattering function.

Abstract: The photoconductive layer of an electrophotographic plate, such as used to record radiographic patterns, is overcoated with a thin dielectric layer having luminescing (e.g., fluorescing or phosphorescing) properties. Upon being uniformly charged and imagewise exposed to actinic radiation (i.e. radiation to which the photoconductive layer responds), the resulting charge pattern is developed with toner. The toner-bearing surface of the electrophotographic plate is irradiated with radiation adapted to excite the luminescent overcoat. The toner image serves, in effect, to mask any luminescence by the underlying overcoat, thereby giving rise to a luminescent contrast image which may be recovered by laser scanning or CCD techniques, or photographed directly.

Abstract: An amorphous silicon (a-Si) photoreceptor includes an amorphous silicon (a-Si) photoconductive layer, and a surface layer disposed above the amorphous silicon (a-Si) photoconductive layer. An intermediate layer is disposed between the amorphous-silicon (a-Si) photoconductive layer and the surface layer to ensure the energy level matching. The intermediate layer is made of amorphous silicon (a-Si) doped with nitrogen and boron so as to have the energy difference of less than 0.2 eV between the bottom of the conduction bands of the surface layer and the intermediate layer.

Abstract: A photoconductive element having improved physical properties is disclosed. The photoconductive element comprises an electro-conductive substrate, a photoconductive layer containing a photoconductive material and, optionally, a protective layer, wherein either one of said photoconductive layer or said protective layer contains a compound which has in its molecular a hindered amine structure unit represented by formula [Ia] and a hindered phenol structure unit represented by formula [Ib]; ##STR1## wherein, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or an aryl group; Z represents a group of atoms necessary to complete a nitrogen-containing alicyclic group; R.sub.5 represents an alkyl group; R.sub.6 is a branched alkyl group; R.sub.7, R.sub.8 and R.sub.9 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alkyl group, or an aryl group; and R.sub.

Abstract: There are provided on improved light receiving member for use in electrophotography and a process for the production thereof.

Abstract: This invention provides a photosensitive member with a surface protector layer. The surface protective layer comprises a resin layer and an amorphous carbon layer. The surface protective layer of the invention is effective for a soft photoconductive layer, for example, an inorganic photoconductive layer such as a selenium layer, a selenium-arsenic, selenium-tellurium layer, and an organic photoconductive layer. The surface protective layer does not deteriorate the photosensitive properties. The photosensitive layer of the invention is excellent in durability and resistance to peeling off.

Abstract: An imaging member comprised of an ionically conductive film forming polymer, such as sulfonated polystyrene, and an electrically insulating softenable layer comprising a fracturable layer containing electrically photosensitive migration marking particles.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor having excellent dark resistance is disclosed, which comprises a photoconductive layer and a surface layer formed successively on a conductive substrate, wherein the photoconductive layer mainly comprises hydrogen-containing amorphous silicon, and the surface layer comprises amorphous carbon which contains not more than 50 atomic percent of hydrogen. The surface layer contains phosphorous or boron as a dopant and/or comprises two sublayers where the sublayer has a lower hydrogen content than the lower sublayer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprises an electrically conductive support, a photoconductive layer provided thereon, and a protective layer coated on the photoconductive layer, wherein the protective layer comprises a product of uncatalized hydrolysis of a composition essentially consisting of at least one specific epoxysilane compound, at least one specific alkylalkoxysilane compound, and at least one specific aminosilane compound. The photoreceptor is very useful in that it is free from wear due to friction with paper and cleaning members, keeps high resolving power, and is sufficiently proof against continuous copying under conditions of high temperature and high humidity.

Abstract: A photoreceptor with a photoconductive layer of amorphous silicon has an overcoating layer to protect the photoconductive layer and to prevent formation of SiO.sub.x. The overcoating layer is amorphous C.sub.1-x X.sub.x, Ge.sub.1-x X.sub.x, (BNGe).sub.1-x X.sub.x or (BNC).sub.1-x X.sub.x where x is greater than or equal to 0 and smaller than 0.5 and X is H, F or Cl.

Abstract: A photosensitive material for electrophotography is provided, which comprises in sequence an aluminum substrate, a charge transport layer, a hole injection layer, a charge generation layer, and a surface protection layer, wherein the surface protection layer comprises an arsenic-selenium alloy containing from 35 atomic % to 45 atomic % arsenic.The photosensitive material may also include a buffer layer comprising an arsenic-selenium alloy disposed between the surface protection layer and the charge generation layer, said buffer layer having a graduated arsenic concentration in which the concentration of arsenic increases in the direction of the surface protection layer. These layers provide enhanced lifetime for the materials while maintaning good print quality. Further, the insertion of the buffer layer allows for high temperature operation.

Abstract: A printing member for electrostatic photocopying, comprises a substrate having a conductive surface and a photoelectric-sensitive, electrically chargeable layer deposited on the conductive surface of the substrate. The electrically charageable layer has a non-single crystal semiconductor layer having a built-in-potential, or the non-single crystal semiconductor layer and an insulating or semi-insulating layer.

Abstract: An image forming method which employs an electro-photographic photoreceptor having high sensitivity, high resistance to damage, high durability, and high resistance to ozone oxidation. The method comprises charging the surface of the photoreceptor with positive charge, the photoreceptor including a photoconductive base, a photoreceptive layer formed on the base and consisting of at least a layer having a charge transport function and a layer having a charge generating function, and a resin-containing non-photoreceptive layer formed on the photoreceptive layer as required, and in which one layer placed above the layer having a charge transport function contains an antioxidizing agent, forming an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the photoreceptor by image-like exposure, then developing the electrostatic latent image.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photosensitive body of Se-based function separation type to be used in electrophotographic equipment which employs long wavelength light for writing. Such a body exhibits outstanding abrasion resistance and heat resistance without sacrificing good electrical properties. This is accomplished by interposing an intermediate layer of As-Se alloy between the surface protective layer and the chargeable layer. The intermediate layer contains As in an increasing concentration gradient across the section of the layer from the chargeable layer to the surface protective layer. This graded As concentration causes the coefficient of thermal expansion to gradually decrease across the intermediate layer section in the direction from the chargeable layer to the surface protective layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed, which comprises a support, a light-sensitive layer and a surface layer, the surface layer being predominantly composed of carbon and containing an element capable of forming a tetrahedral bond.

Abstract: An improved reusable electrophotographic element that has an electrically conductive support, a charge-generation layer containing an aggregate photoconductive charge generating material and a charge-transport layer containing a triarylamine charge-transport material also contains an azo compound in a layer positioned to stabilize the element against light fatigue. The azo compound has the formula: ##STR1## where each R is alkyl or alkoxy and contains up to three carbon atoms, and each of n and m is 0 or 1.

Abstract: An improved reusable electrophotographic element that has an electrically conductive support, a charge-generation layer containing an aggregate photoconductive charge generating material and a charge-transport layer containing a triarylamine charge-transport material also contains 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol in a layer positioned to stabilize the element against light fatigue.

Abstract: An electrophotographic image forming method is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of developing an electrostatic image formed on an image-forming member with a particulate toner for forming a toner image and transferring said toner image onto a receiving material, in which the image-forming member has a surface-improving layer comprised principally of amorphous silicon, and the toner has a weight average particle size within the range of from 1 .mu.m to 6 .mu.m and contains a constituent having a weight average particle size of not more than 5 .mu.m which accounts for not less than 20% by weight of the whole amount of the toner. An electrophotographic copy bearing a high-resolution and high-quality image can be stably obtained by this method.

Abstract: This invention discloses a photosensitive member which comprises in the order an electrically conductive substrate, a first layer region of amorphous silicon including carbon, a second layer region of amorphous silicon and a third layer region of amorphous silicon including germanium. Group IIIA impurity of the Periodic Table is included in all the layer region so as to be most enriched at the first layer region. The first layer region comprises a first amorphous silicon transient layer to assure the adhesion between the first and second layer region. Similarly, the third layer region comprises a second amorphous silicon transient layer to assure the adhesion between the second and third layer region.This invention further relates to a process for producing by glow discharge a photosensitive member of the present invention.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a photosensitive layer on an electroconductive support, characterized in that the surface layer contains a fluorine type resin powder and a fluorine type block copolymer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photoreceptor which comprises a charge generation layer composed of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of amorphous hydrogenated silicon, amorphous fluorinated silicon and amorphous hydrofluorinated silicon, a charge transport layer formed on a lower surface of said charge generation layer and composed of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of amorphous hydrogenated silicon nitride, amorphous fluorinated silicon nitride, amorphous hydrofluorinated silicon nitride, amorphous hydrogenated silicon carbide, amorphous fluorinated silicon carbide and amorphous hydrofluorinated silicon carbide, and a substrate, wherein said charge transport layer contains oxygen within the range of from 50 atomic ppm to 5 atomic % based on the total atoms of silicon, nitrogen and carbon.

Abstract: A method of using a dry powder electrophotographic toner with a permanent master to electrostatically transfer a electrophotographically developed electrostatic image via a reversal photographic process from the permanent master to a receiving surface is disclosed. The permanent master is made from a photopolymer material and is protected by a transparent overcoated material whose surface is hard and low friction.

Abstract: A photoreceptor for electrophotography including an electrically conductive substrate, a bottom layer, a photoconductive layer composed mainly of amorphous silicon, and a surface layer, in that order. Both the bottom and surface layers have a greater optical bandgap than said photoconductive layer. A first middle layer is disposed between said bottom layer and said photoconductive layer, and a second middle layer is disposed between said photoconductive layer and said surface layer. Both the first and second middle layers are composed mainly of amorphous silicon and have a concentration of doped atoms which varies from the bottom to the top of the layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a conductive substrate and a photoconductive layer disposed on the conductive substrate to generate photocarriers upon light radiation. The photoconductive layer comprises a charge-generating layer and a charge-retaining layer. At least part of the charge-generating layer has a plurality of thin microcrystalline semiconductor layers containing silicon as a major constituent and at least one element selected from the group consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen. The plurality of microcrystalline layers produce a superlattice structure. The adjacent thin microcrystalline semiconductor layers have different element concentrations. At least part of the charge-retaining layer has a first amorphous semiconductor layer containing silicon as a major constituent and a second amorphous semiconductor layer containing silicon as a major constituent, and at least one element selected from the group consisting of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen.

Abstract: Improved light receiving members which are characterized by having an special surface layer formed of a non-monocrystalline material containing tetrahedrally bonded boron nitride or a non-monocrystalline material containing said boron nitride and trihedrally bonded boron nitride in mingled state or by having an especial surface layer constituted with a lower layer formed of a non-monocrystalline material containing tetrahedrally bonded boron nitride and an upper layer formed of a non-monocrystalline material containing tetrahedrally bonded boron nitride and trihedrally bonded boron nitride in mingled state. The improved light receiving members excel particularly in moisture resistance, repeating use characteristic, electrical voltage withstanding property environmental use characteristic and durability.

Abstract: In the photoreceptor described in the specification, an electroconductive base has an amorphous silicon type photoconductive layer coated over a blocking layer on the base and an amorphous carbon-containing surface layer, coated over a buffer layer on the photoconductive layer, has a hardness on the free surface side which is higher than the hardness on the buffer surface side. Apparatus for preparing the photoreceptor includes a CVD vacuum chamber and an arrangement for supplying selected layer-forming gases to the chamber in a controlled manner.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprises a conductive base, a photoconductive layer formed of amophous silicon on the conductive base, a buffer layer on the photoconductive layer, and a surface layer covering the photoconductive layer through the buffer layer, wherein the buffer layer is formed of amorphous carbon.

Abstract: There are provided an improved light receiving member for use in electrophotography and a process for the production thereof. The light receiving member comprises a substrate usable for electrophotography and a light receiving layer constituted by a charge injection inhibition layer formed of an amorphous or polycrystalline material containing silicon atom as the main constituent and an element for controlling the conductivity, a photoconductive layer formed of an amorphous material containing silicon atom as the main constituent and at least one kind selected from hydrogen atom and halogen atom and a surface layer formed of a polycrystalline material containing silicon atom, carbon atom and hydrogen atom. The polycrystalline material is a polycrystalline material prepared by introducing a precursor capable of contributing to formation of the layer and an active species reactive with the precursor separately into a film deposition space and chemically reacting them.

Abstract: There is provided an improved light receiving member comprising a substrate and a light receiving layer formed by laminating a first layer having photoconductivity which is constituted with an amorphous material containing silicon atoms as the main constituent atoms and germanium atoms, and a second layer constituted with an amorphous material containing silicon atoms, carbon atoms and an element for controlling the conductivity. The germanium atoms contained in the first layer is in the state of being unevenly distributed in the entire layer region or in the partial layer region adjacent to the substrate. The first layer may contain one or more kinds selected from an element for controlling the conductivity, oxygen atoms and nitrogen atoms in the entire layer region or in the partial layer region.

Abstract: The disclosed light-sensitive recording material is composed of an electrically conductive support, suitable for the production of printing forms or printed circuits, an a photoconductive layer system containing a photoconductor, a binder, a sensitizing dye and conventional additives. The photoconductive system comprises (A) a single photoconductive layer, or multiple layers, applied to the support and (B) a light-sensitive covering layer which contains at least one photochemically reactive compound. The use of the recording material in a process for the production of printing forms and printed circuits is also disclosed.