Abstract: A photoconductive member comprise a support, a photoconductive layer constituted of an amorphous material containing silicon atoms as matrix and containing hydrogen atoms or halogen atoms, and an intermediate layer provided between them, said intermediate layer having a function to bar penetration of carriers from the side of the support into the photoconductive layer and to permit passage from the photoconductive layer to the support of photocarriers generated in the photoconductive layer by projection of electromagnetic waves and movement of the photocarriers toward the side of the support, and said intermediate layer being constituted of an amorphous material containing silicon atoms and carbon atoms as constituents.

Abstract: An electrophotographic recording material comprising an electrically conductive support, an optional insulating intermediate layer, at least one photoconductive layer comprising a charge carrier generating compound and a charge transporting compound, and a protective transparent cover layer made from a surface abrasion resistant binder composed of a polyurethane resin, polycarbonate resin, phenoxy resin, polyacrylate or polymethacrylate resin, polyurethane formed from a two-component system comprising a polyisocyanate and a hydroxyl group containing polyester or polyether, a polyisocyanate and a hydroxyl group containing acrylic or epoxy resin, polyurethane formed from a one-component system comprising a polyisocyanate prepolymer, or a polyisocyanate having temporarily masked isocyanate groups.

Abstract: An electrophotographic image carrier structure comprises an electrically conductive substrate, a selenium-containing photoconductive layer including more than 35% by weight arsenic, a polyvinyl carbazole covering layer and an intermediate amorphous selenium layer which is situated between the covering layer and the photoconductive layer and which has an arsenic content of zero to less than 0.5% by weight.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrophotographic member having an amorphous-silicon photoconductive layer, wherein the distance between a portion in which light illuminating the photoconductor is absorbed therein until its intensity decreases to 1% of that at incidence and the interface of the photoconductor opposite to the light incidence side thereof is at most 5 .mu.m, whereby the residual potential of the photoconductive layer can be reduced.That part of the photoconductive layer constituting the electrophotographic member which is at least 10 nm thick inwardly of the photoconductive layer from the surface thereof to store charges is made of amorphous silicon which has an optical forbidden band gap of at least 1.6 eV and a resistivity of at least 10.sup.10 .OMEGA..multidot.cm. Further, within such photoconductive layer, a region of amorphous silicon which has an optical forbidden band gap smaller than that of the amorphous silicon forming the surface part is disposed at a thickness of at least 10 nm.

Abstract: Image-holding member for holding electrostatic images and/or toner images comprising an insulating layer composed of curable epoxyacrylate resin on the surface of the image-holding member.

Abstract: This invention pertains to an improved technique of introducing an added insulative layer between the thermoplastic layer and the photoconductive layer of the thermoplastic photoconductive holographic recording medium. The added layer (pure PVK) is electrically insulating at temperatures used for thermal development to prevent decaying charge contrast during hologram development.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improvement in the process for the manufacture of printing forms and printed circuits by coating an electrically conductive support with an organic photoconductor layer and by charging, exposing, and developing the electrostatic image by means of a finely particulate toner, fixing and dissolving the layer away from the non-image areas by means of a decoating medium and, if appropriate, etching of the bared support surface, the improvement which comprises, for the purpose of coating, transferring the organic photoconductor layer on a temporary support to the electrically conductive support with the aid of heat and pressure.

Abstract: A photosensitive element for electrophotography comprising an electrically conductive backing member, a photoconductive layer overlying the backing member, and a transparent electrically insulating surface layer on the photoconductive layer, wherein the transparent electrically insulating surface layer contains a charge-retentive material or a layer of a charge-retentive material is interposed between the photoconductive layer and the transparent electrically insulating surface layer so as to form a charge-retentive layer in the boundary between the photoconductive layer and the transparent electrically insulating layer.

Abstract: A photoconductive material (11) coated on a drum, belt or sheet (22) is formed with a first photoconductive layer (11b) which is insensitive to red light, a second photoconductive layer (11d) which is sensitive to red light and a transparent insulating layer (11c) formed either between the photoconductive layers (11b), (11d) or on top thereof. The outer surface of the material (11) is radiated with white light while applying a first electrostatic charge thereto rendering both photoconductive layers (11b), (11d) photoconductive. Then, the material (11) is radiated with red light rendering only the second photoconductive layer (11d) photoconductive while applying an electrostatic charge of opposite polarity. Then, a third electrostatic charge of the same polarity as the first electrostatic charge is applied in the dark. The result is that electrostatic charges of opposite polarities are formed at the outer surfaces of the first and second photoconductive layers (11b), (11d).

Abstract: The present invention is directed to process and apparatus for overlaying images making use of steps constituting a known electrophotographic process. The electrophotographic process on which the present overlay process depends is of the type in which a three-layered photosensitive member having an insulating covering layer as the top layer of the member is used. The surface of the insulating layer is charged with an electric charge simultaneously with an imagewise irradiation for a first image to be overlaid or during the time of a photo hysteresis resulted from the first image-forming irradiation being still present in the photoconductive layer of the photosensitive member. Then, AC discharging or charging with an electric charge of opposite polarity to that of the above electric charge is effected. Thereafter, an imagewise irradiation for second image is carried out to obtain an electrophotographically overlaid image from the first and second images.

Abstract: In a process for the formation of an electrostatic image on a photoconductive element comprising a photoconductive zinc oxide-binder layer and an insulating top layer, the top layer is first positively charged and then is negatively charged until the element is saturated with negative charge, after which the top layer is imagewise exposed to light.

Abstract: A photoconductive material for electrophotography is composed of photoconductive cadmium sulfide particles provided with a hydroxide, oxide or sulfide of a metal element or semiconductive element on the particle surface. The photoconductive material dispersed in a binder resin can be used as a photoconductive layer for an electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising an electric charge injection layer, an amorphous photoconductive layer on said charge injection layer, and an insulating layer on said amorphous photoconductive layer, said charge injection layer containing halogen as an impurity.

Abstract: A subtractive color electrophotographic process is disclosed for producing a multicolor print from a single exposure of a color original. The process utilizes a novel multilayer recording element containing an electrically conducting layer, an insulating layer and two or more photoconductive layers, each spectrally sensitized to a different portion of the optical spectrum. In carrying out the process, the recording element is first uniformly charged and exposed to a color original and then developed by a multistep procedure. Each step of the development procedure comprises flood exposing the recording element to radiation to which at least one of the photoconductive layers is responsive while applying toner particles having a different subtractive color characteristic and an appropriate electrical bias.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electrophotographic material comprising an electrically conductive support, a photoconductive layer based on at least one organic photoconductive substance on the support, and a protective layer composed of at least one polymeric substance covering the photoconductive layer, said protective layer containing at least one photoconductive organic compound in a quantity of about 0.1 to 30 percent by weight, based on the weight of polymeric substance.

Abstract: This invention is directed to photosensitive material for electrophotography and more particularly it is directed to the improvement of the properties with respect to humidity of photosensitive material by using photoconductive material in combination with ion exchange resin or by using photoconductive material which is previously washed in an aqueous solution in the presence of ion exchange resin.

Abstract: This invention is directed generally to a layered inorganic photoresponsive device, this device being comprised of a substrate, or supporting base, containing on its surface a layer of hole injecting material comprised of gold, a hole transport layer in operative contact with the hole injecting layer, the transport layer being comprised of a halogen doped selenium arsenic alloy, wherein the percentage of selenium present is from about 99.5 percent to about 99.9 percent, the percentage of arsenic present is from about 0.5 percent to 0.1 percent, the percentage of halogen present ranges from about 10 parts per million to 200 parts per million, followed by a charge generating material overcoated on the transport layer, this material being comprised of inorganic photoconductive substances, and as an optional layer a layer of insulating organic resin overlaying the charge generating layer. The transport and generating layers can also be comprised of one composite layer.

Abstract: This invention is generally directed to inorganic overcoated photoresponsive devices comprised of a substrate, a layer of hole injecting material capable of injecting holes into a layer on its surface, this layer being comprised of trigonal selenium, a hole transport layer in operative contact with the hole injecting layer, this layer being comprised of a halogen doped selenium arsenic alloy, wherein the percentage by weight of selenium present is from about 99.5 percent to about 99.9 percent, the percentage by weight of arsenic present is from about 0.1 percent to about 0.5 percent, and the halogen is present in an amount of from about 10 parts per million, to about 200 parts per million; a charge generating layer overcoated on the hole transport layer, comprised of an inorganic photoconductive material; and a layer of insulating organic resin overlaying the charge generating layer.

Abstract: This invention is generally directed to inorganic overcoated photo-responsive devices comprised of a substrate, a layer of hole injecting material capable of injecting holes into a layer on its surface, this layer being comprised of trigonal selenium, a hole transport layer in operative contact with the hole injecting layer, this layer being comprised of a halogen doped selenium arsenic alloy, wherein the percentage by weight of selenium present is from about 99.5 percent to about 99.9 percent, the percentage by weight of arsenic present is from about 0.1 percent to about 0.5 percent, and the halogen is present in an amount of from about 10 parts per million, to about 200 parts per million; a charge generating layer overcoated on the hole transport layer, comprised of an inorganic photoconductive material; a hole trapping layer overcoated on the generator layer, the trapping layer being comprised of a halogen doped selenium arsenic alloy, containing from about 95 percent selenium, to 99.

Abstract: An electrographic recording medium comprising a conductive layer coated on a support such as of paper and overcoated with a dielectric layer. The conductive layer contains fine particles of an n-type metal oxide semiconductor, preferably a whitish or lightly colored one such as SnO.sub.2, In.sub.2 O.sub.3 or ZnO, dispersed in a binder which may be either a nonconductive polymer or a polyelectrolyte. This recording medium is excellent in recording characteristics and particularly advantageous in its usefullness over a wide humidity range containing very low relative humidities.

Abstract: A photoconductive coating which comprises a crystalline deposit of a wholly inorganic material, in the preferred form comprising cadmium sulfide, of almost perfect stoichiometry, either with or without small amounts of dopant.The coating is deposited on a suitable substrate such as a thin, clear, flexible polyester sheet with an intervening layer of ohmic material such as indium-tin oxide in a sputtering method that results in unusual properties. The deposit can be made on metal substrates if desired, but the greater utility is in its application to a transparent substrate so that a transparent electrophotographic member is formed suitable for many uses.Two important properties worthy of mention are that the coating is such that a charge density may be maintained on its surface (surface charge) which is ten to one hundred times greater than known photoconductive coatings and that there is no photoconductive fatigue.

Abstract: A layer of amorphous silicon containing H, preferably 10-40 atomic %H, is used as a photoconductive layer for electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: Dielectric films comprising a support member which is capable of acquiring an electrostatic charge on passing through toner pick up toner randomly which is not fixed during development. The unwanted toner pick up is minimized by applying a coat of anti-static material and/or a toner fixing resin to the uncoated back of the support. The present invention improves blocking characteristics of dielectric film by modifying the surface by means of adding particulate materials to the final coat on one or both surfaces of the support.

Abstract: Photoconductive layers and elements and methods for their use are disclosed. The layers and elements include polycarbonate binders and overcoats having pendant polar groups.

Abstract: An electrophotographic recording material having a porous layer of photoconductor-binder, particularly with crystalline tetragonal lead monoxide as the photoconductor, is provided between an electrically conductive layer and a dielectric foil, said pores of the layer of photoconductor-binder, prior to providing the foil, being filled with a high-ohmic dielectric liquid to wet both the layer of photoconductor-binder and the foil. Preferably, the pores of the layer are filled with tetramethyl tin as the photoconductor-binder. As a result of this, the use of an adhesive between the foil and the layer of photoconductor-binder may be omitted. A large porosity and hence a great sensitivity of the layer of photoconductor-binder are maintained.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive medium comprises a photoconductive insulating binder layer and a clearcoling layer formed by applying a dispersion of an organic high polymer on the photoconductive insulating binder layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a base, a photoconductive layer and an insulating layer, and the photoconductive layer contains an intermediate layer formed at the base side of the photoconductive layer. The intermediate layer facilitates injection of electric charge.

Abstract: There is described an electrophotographic imaging method which utilizes an imaging member comprising a substrate, a layer of a charge carrier injecting material, a layer of a charge carrier transport material, a layer of a photoconductive charge carrier generating material and an electrically insulating overcoating layer. In operation, the member is charged a first time with electrostatic charges of a first polarity, charged a second time with electrostatic charges of a polarity opposite to said first polarity in order to substantially neutralize the charges residing on the electrically insulating surface of the member and exposed to an imagewise pattern of activating electromagnetic radiation whereby an electrostatic latent image is formed. The electrostatic latent image may be developed to form a visible image which may be transferred to a receiver member. Subsequently the imaging member may be reused to form additional reproductions after erasure and cleaning steps are carried out.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electrophotographic imaging member or device and an imaging method using this imaging member, which member or device is comprised of a substrate, a layer of a charge carrier injecting material comprised of carbon or graphite dispersed in a polymer, a layer of a charge carrier transport material, a layer of a photoconductive charge carrier generating material and an electrically insulating overcoating layer.

Abstract: Electrophotographic medium which comprises a multilayer structure of materials for imaging radiant energy patterns at high speed and with high sensitivity of a degree capable of meeting and exceeding the sensitivity of silver halide film, with greater resolution than that of silver halide film of the high speed type.A method of using electrophotographic film to achieve high sensitivities and speeds.The medium comprises a transparent substrate, ohmic layer and coating of photoconductive material, all of which form a modulating structure for the radiant energy that is adapted to be projected through the substrate; a dielectric layer intimately bonded to the surface of the photoconductive coating and a conductive electrode in intimate contact with the dielectric layer.The use of the electrophotographic medium does not require initial charging; hence no means for effecting this are required.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member having an amorphous deposition layer as a photoconductive layer, in which the amorphous deposition layer is formed by gradual increase in a substrate temperature during deposition of the photoconductive material.

Abstract: An electrophotoconductive material having the molecular formula:Cd(S.sub.x Se.sub.1-x):yCu.zCl is improved by controlling x in the range of from about 0.95 to about 0.98, y from about 0.0001 to about 0.001 and z is from about 0.001 to about 0.0015. The materials also have a relatively narrow particle size distribution and a relatively fine particle size and the surfaces relatively free of p-type copper sulfide. The improved materials exhibit and maintain a large differential between the image voltage and the background voltage of in excess of 800 volts when the material is used as an electrophotoconductive layer in a photosensitive member of equipment used in electrophotograhic copying processes.

Abstract: A subtractive color electrophotographic process is disclosed for producing a multicolor print from a single exposure of a color original. The process utilizes a novel multilayer recording element containing an electrically conducting layer, an insulating layer and two or more photoconductive layers, each spectrally sensitized to a different portion of the optical spectrum. In carrying out the process, the recording element is first uniformly charged and exposed to a color original and then developed by a multistep procedure. Each step of the development procedure comprises flood exposing the recording element to radiation to which at least one of the photoconductive layers is responsive while applying toner particles having a different subtractive color characteristic and an appropriate electrical bias.

Abstract: Improved photographic speed is provided in a photothermographic material comprising in reactive association (a) photosensitive silver halide, (b) an oxidation-reduction image-forming combination comprising (i) a long-chain fatty acid silver salt oxidizing agent, with (ii) a reducing agent, (c) a synthetic polymeric binder, and (d) a photographic speed increasing concentration of a certain non-dye, thione speed increasing addendum. A developed image having increased photographic speed can be provided in the described photographic material, after imagewise exposure, by heating the element to moderately elevated temperatures.

Abstract: An image holding member for holding electrostatic latent images and/or toner images is characterized in that the surface of the image holding member has a surface layer formed by a coating, said surface layer essentially consisting of at least one of substances A and B wherein the substance A is a linear polyester resin soluble in organic solvents and the substance B is a copolymerization product of a linear isocyanate of the formula: ##STR1## and a polyol of the formula: HO--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --OH wherein n is a positive integer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member having an insulating layer overlaid on the one side of an amorphous photoconductive layer is characterized in that said photosensitive member further comprises two layers: a charge injection layer and a subsidiary charge injection layer overlaid on the other side of the photoconductive layer with the subsidiary charge injection layer being interposed between the photoconductive layer and the charge injection layer, said subsidiary charge injection layer having a lower free charge density than that in the photoconductive layer and being able to make it easy to inject an amount of electric charge from the charge injection layer into the photoconductive layer whereas said charge injection layer has a higher free charge density than that in the photoconductive layer and serves as a main supply source of the electric charge to be injected into the photoconductive layer.

Abstract: Overcoats for electrophotographic elements are provided. The overcoats comprise a polymer having recurring units of the structure: ##STR1## in which R represents phenyl, tolyl, xylyl, or a ##STR2## group; R.sub.1, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6, which may be the same or different represent hydrogen or methyl;R.sub.2 represents alkyl or aryl;R.sub.3 represents carboxyl, alkyl ester, aryl ester, alkylamide or arylamide group having at least one carboxyl or hydroxyl or carboxylic anhydride substituent;R.sub.4 represents a group containing an active methylene group;a is about 29 to about 96 weight percent of said polymer;b is about 2 to about 25 weight percent of said polymer; andc is about 2 to about 46 weight percent of said polymer.