Abstract: A laparoscopic surgery training kit and method is disclosed. The laparoscopic surgery training kit has improved portability and storability because it is collapsible and foldable. The laparoscopic surgery training kit is assembled by unfolding it into a taut condition and inserting a plurality of rods into a plurality of sleeves on a side panel arrangement to place the laparoscopic surgery training kit into its expanded condition. Holes or slits are provided, which are configured to allow insertion of surgical instruments, such as graspers, and/or configured to allow a camera to view the interior of the laparoscopic surgery training kit. In a preferred embodiment, the camera of a smartphone or tablet device is used, which is placed on the laparoscopic surgery training kit using a stand. The image viewed by the camera is shown to the trainee or examinee as a real-time display, preferably at eye-level.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a modular staged simulator and a process of simulating medical trauma and maladies for the purpose of training or certifying individuals including medical professionals. More specifically, this disclosure relates to ex vivo training exercises as opposed to traditional forms of training using intact cadavers, in vivo surgery on animal subjects; and supervised apprenticeship performing surgery on human subjects with trauma or maladies under the watch of a skilled medical practitioner.

Abstract: Systems for quantifying clinical skill of a user, comprising: collecting data relating to a surgical task done by a user using a surgical device; comparing the data for the surgical task to other data for another similar surgical task; quantifying the clinical skill of the user based on the comparing of the data for the surgical task to the other data for the other similar surgical task; outputting the clinical skill of the user.

Abstract: A medication management system is described that is operable to determine whether a user is actually following a protocol, provide additional assistance to a user, starting with instructions, video instructions, and the like, and moving up to contact from a medication administrator if it is determined that the user would need such assistance in any medical adherence situation, including clinical trial settings, home care settings, healthcare administration locations, such as nursing homes, clinics, hospitals and the like. Suspicious activity on the part of a patient or other user of the system is identified and can be noted to a healthcare provider or other service provider where appropriate.

Abstract: An artificial anatomical model used in an embodiment as a simulation and training device for performing a cricothyroidotomy procedure on a patient having an upper airway obstruction is provided. Furthermore, the simulation device includes a mandible and neck base structure that geometrically mimics a human mandible and neck region with corresponding anatomical landmarks such that a cricothyroidotomy procedure can be performed on the device for training purposes in some embodiments. Moreover, various components of the device are easily removable and replaceable independent of one another, further simplifying the training process.

Abstract: A method for positioning a handheld tool is disclosed. In one embodiment, information is received at a handheld tool for positioning a working end of the handheld tool at a desired position. Information is also received at the handheld tool for aligning the handheld tools at the desired position.

Abstract: A device and method for measurement of spinal mobility are provided for measuring spinal mobility. The apparatus is a hand-held device that includes a gripping portion connected to a force transmitter, a reference member, displacement sensor, and load cell. A force applied downwardly on the gripping portion is transmitted to the force transmitter which is placed on a vertebra of the spine of a subject. The reference member rests on an adjacent vertebra. The displacement sensor determines displacement of the force transmitter relative to the reference member, as a function of the applied force measure by the load cell.

Abstract: A method for generating a virtual radiograph for display on a display device, including providing an image generation system having a processing circuit including a processor and a memory device, the image generation system coupled to the display device. The method further including retrieving three-dimensional image data of an anatomy stored in the memory and retrieving a three-dimensional bone model corresponding to a portion of the anatomy stored in the memory. The method further including associating the three-dimensional bone model with the three-dimensional image data such that the three-dimensional bone model defines first boundary containing a first bounded volume within the three-dimensional image data corresponding to the portion of the anatomy, and performing a volume ray casting process on the three-dimensional image data.

Abstract: A system simulating the reviewing process of breast imaging examination (i.e. mammographic) information provides a data file of breast imaging information including mammographic (and other breast imaging examinations) images that may be scored by a trainee on computerized worksheet and expert assessments of those images. Quantitative data in the expert assessment may be compared to trainee-entered data recovered from the worksheet to provide an assessment of trainee proficiency in interpreting breast imaging studies. The data file of breast imaging information may be derived from actual clinical data anonymized and selected to provide for realistic yet demanding simulation.

Abstract: A method of placing ECG electrodes in an environment where persons of limited training are available includes making a trial placement of the electrodes. Then, the method includes testing the electrodes and evaluating signals from the electrodes as a result of the testing. Verbal or visual feedback can be provided to the person placing the electrodes so that placed electrodes could be adjusted as needed.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods appropriate for use in medical training that include materials that better mimic natural human tissue are disclosed. In one aspect a polysiloxane mixture for simulating human biological tissue, especially human breast tissue, is disclosed. In another aspect, a method of manufacturing a biological tissue ultrasound phantom is disclosed. In another aspect, a human breast tissue models are disclosed. In some instances, the human breast tissue model includes at least one simulated pathological structure that simulates such pathologies as a cyst, a medullary carcinoma, a ductal carcinoma, an infiltrating scirrhus carcinoma, a lobular carcinoma, and a fibroadenoma.

Abstract: Surgical trauma training simulator system including replaceable trauma module structured to mimic a portion of human anatomy and, in particular, a prosthetic anatomical structure containing a periorbital structure that includes an eye-lid and an eye globe in cooperation with a drive mechanism. The system is structured to provide, in operation, an event-driven surgical gesture recognition-based tracking of the simulation of the surgical procedure by the trainee and, in absence of expert trainer, provide visual feedback comparing the tracked simulation with correct sequence of steps of such procedure.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of automatically locating in an image of a blood vessel the lumen boundary at a position in the vessel and from that measuring the diameter of the vessel. From the diameter of the vessel and estimated blood flow rate, a number of clinically significant physiological parameters are then determined and various user displays of interest generated. One use of these images and parameters is to aid the clinician in the placement of a stent. The system, in one embodiment, uses these measurements to allow the clinician to simulate the placement of a stent and to determine the effect of the placement. In addition, from these patient parameters various patient treatments are then performed.

Abstract: An automatic injection device for providing a subcutaneous injection is disclosed. The device includes a syringe movably disposed in a housing and including a barrel portion, a needle and a bung for sealing the barrel portion. The device includes a plunger for moving the syringe towards a first open end of the housing such that the needle projects from the first end, and for subsequently applying pressure to the bung. The plunger includes a rod connected at a first end to the bung, a compressible expanded central portion, and a flange between a second end of the rod and the central portion. The device also includes a biasing mechanism for biasing the plunger towards the first open end of the housing, the biasing mechanism disposed about the second end of the rod between the flange and a second end of the housing.

Abstract: Remote instruction and monitoring of health care may be facilitated by providing feedback to a local doctor performing the medical procedure while the local doctor is performing the medical procedure. Instructions for performing the medical procedure may be received from a remote doctor and transmitted to a local doctor. The local doctor may commence performing the medical procedure, and while the local doctor is performing the medical procedure, image or video of the medical procedure may be processed and compared to the instructions. For example, a first value of a parameter may be obtained from the image or video of the procedure and a second value of the parameter may be obtained from the instructions. Comparison data may be generated from the first value and the second value and presented to the local doctor and/or the remote doctor.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method includes selecting, by a virtual problem-based learning (PBL) system, information indicative of a medical profile of a patient; accessing, by the virtual PBL system, information indicative of a team of students using the virtual PBL system; generating, by the virtual PBL system and based on the medical profile, an medical PBL schema comprising a medical problem to be solved by the team of students; generating a plurality of sections in the medical PBL schema, with each section promoting solving of the medical problem, and with each section associated with (i) a private work environment for a student to privately analyze the medical problem, and (ii) a shared, anonymous work environment for the students to view analysis performed by other students in solving the medical problem; and transmitting, to one or more client systems used by the students participating in the virtual problem-based learning system, the medical PBL schema.

Abstract: The present technology relates to systems, methods and devices for haptically-enabled virtual reality simulation of cerebral aneurysm clipping, wherein a user uses two physical stations during the simulation. The first station is a haptic and augmented reality station, and the second station is a haptic and virtual reality station.

Abstract: The denture construction teaching tool is an educational tool for instructing students on the molding process used to construct removable dental prosthodontics. The denture construction teaching tool includes a base having opposed upper and lower surfaces, and a spacer block releasably secured to the upper surface of the base. A set of tooth molds are releasably secured to the upper surface of the base about the spacer block. Each of the tooth molds has an injection port and a venting port formed therethrough. Each tooth mold further has a lower molding portion and an open upper portion. A removable lid releasably covers the open upper portions of the set of tooth molds, such that a molding material may be injected through the injection ports of the set of tooth molds with excess molding material exiting through the respective venting ports.

Abstract: An inflatable exhibit of a heart includes an inflatable infrastructure inflatable to a three-dimensional partial representation of the heart at a scale greater than at least, 10:1, but more preferably greater than 20:1, and most preferably, greater than 25:1. The infrastructure includes a cross-sectional plane thereacross. The exhibit further includes a walk-through passageway defined, at least, in part by the inflated infrastructure, and extending through the inflated infrastructure. The cross-sectional plane defines a plane of the passageway.

Abstract: The present invention is a medical training simulation apparatus for training of medical professionals in medical examinations involving body parts with concealed geometry. The apparatus may comprise a physical model of a body part having an opening and structure that simulates the concealed geometry of a body part and may receive an inserted medical tool. A video display may be disposed within the structure of the apparatus to display at least one image of a physical defect or medical condition for the body part. The at least one image may e be alterable such that its appearance simulates the appearance of the defect or medical condition within the concealed geometry when viewed using the medical tool in relation to an applicable human or animal subject patient. The training apparatus is operable for one or more simulations for training a trainee in a medical examination or procedure for a body part in accordance with a training method.

Abstract: Systems and methods for managing the toilet training process of a child are provided. In one aspect, a computer system for managing toilet training a person is provided. The computer system includes a memory device, a display device, and a processor in communication with the memory device and the display device. The processor is programmed to provide a first set of functionality accessible using the display device. The processor is also programmed to provide a set of enhanced functionality configured in a disabled status. The processor is further programmed to utilize the first set of functionality to identify completion of a toilet training milestone, and reconfigure the second set of enhanced functionality to an enabled status based on identifying completion of the toilet training milestone.

Abstract: A novel system and apparatus for testing surgical fastening devices in an ex-vivo body wall wound closure simulation device is disclosed. The system is particularly useful with simulating abdominal wall wound closure. The system has a body wall curvature approximator device, a tissue fixation system, and a tissue support and tensioner device. The system provides for anatomically correct presentation and tensioning on body wall tissue specimens for ex-vivo wound closure simulation. The system may also be used for other anatomic tissue specimens in addition to body walls.

Abstract: In one aspect, a mobile device comprises a local content store, one or more media playback components, one or more content capture components, and an instructional module agent comprising an authoring application and a playback application. The authoring application is configured to allow an author to create and edit instructional modules each comprising one or more media playback steps, each step comprising media that can be displayed or played, and to use the content capture components to capture content, store the captured content in the local content store, and configure at least one of the steps to display or play the captured content using the media playback components. The playback application is configured to play the instructional modules using the media playback components.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the manufacture of a three-dimensional life-size model of a human child's skull, as well as to methods using the model. The invention provides method for the manufacture of a child's skull within its first year of life. The method comprises the steps of establishing shape characteristics of a child's skull from the group of features including the horizontal curvature of the forehead, the vertical curvature of the forehead, the width of the forehead, the fronto-nasal angle, the fronto-occipital diameter, the biparietal diameter and the horizontal radius of curvature of the occipital module, selecting one or more of the established features and preparing a three-dimensional model of a child's skull or parts from the skull from the selected features.

Abstract: The present disclosure involves a method of simulating a pulse generator on a portable electronic device. A graphical user interface is provided via a touch-sensitive screen of the portable electronic device. The graphical user interface is configured to facilitate interactive user engagements with the portable electronic device. A pulse generator simulator is launched on the portable electronic device in response to a request from the user. The pulse generator simulator provides a virtual pulse generator that duplicates a plurality of functionalities and features of an actual pulse generator. The virtual pulse generator is programmed based on user input received via the graphical user interface. One or more statuses of the virtual pulse generator are then displayed via the graphical user interface.

Abstract: A method for treating a disorder using an automatic injection device is disclosed. The device includes a syringe movably disposed in a housing and including a barrel portion, a needle and a bung for sealing the barrel portion. The device includes a syringe actuation component for moving the syringe towards a first open end of the housing such that the needle projects from the first end, and for subsequently applying pressure to the bung. The syringe actuation component includes a pressurizer, a rod comprising a compressible portion projecting therefrom, and a flange between a second end of the rod and the compressible portion. The device also includes a biasing mechanism for biasing the syringe actuation component towards the first open end of the housing, the biasing mechanism disposed about the second end of the rod between the flange and a second end of the housing.

Abstract: A simulation device for simulating the operation of a medication delivery device comprises a housing (1) and a moveable element (4) partly disposed in the housing (1). The moveable element is moveable from a first position to a second position.

Abstract: Embodiments of systems, methods, and computer-readable media for real-time winding analysis for knot detection are disclosed. For example, one embodiment of the present invention includes a method having the steps of receiving a first wrapping signal indicating a first wrapping of the simulated thread around a second tool to create a first loop. The method further includes determining a first wrapping direction based at least in part on the first wrapping signal; receiving a first tightening signal indicating a pulling of a first end of the simulated thread through the first loop; determining a first half-hitch based at least in part on the first winding direction and the first tightening signal; and outputting the first half-hitch. In another embodiment, a computer-readable media includes code for a carrying out such a method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a stereo interactive method adapted for an interactive scene of a stereo display device and a stereo interactive operating stick. The method includes: obtaining motion trajectory information of the operating stick; calculating invasion degree information of an invasion that the operating stick applies to a virtual object displayed by the display device according to motion trajectory information and preset property information of the virtual object; calculating interaction feedback information according to motion trajectory information, invasion degree information and the preset property information; and controlling the operating stick and the virtual object to make responses matched with the preset property of the virtual object according to the interaction feedback information. The present further provides stereo interactive display device, operating stick and system.

Abstract: An anatomical simulation training device is disclosed in an embodiment herein. The anatomical device includes an anatomical model comprising a quadrant of a torso. The model includes a first opening and a second opening, wherein a first passageway connects between the first and the second opening. The model further includes a third opening, wherein a second passageway connects between the third opening and the second opening. The first passageway is configured to receive a first conduit, and the second passageway is configured to receive a second conduit. The first and second conduits are removable and replaceable. The model is comprised of, in part or in whole, a hydrogel, and said model quadrant torso mimics at least a portion of a human or non-human animal quadrant torso, and simulates at least one predetermined physical characteristic of a human or non-human animal torso with at least fifty percent or more similarity.

Abstract: A diaphragm respiratory signal simulator is activated by skin voltage that is coupled to the simulator by many ways such as but not limited to a user sliding a finger over a conductive surface, the user sliding a finger over surfaces close to the conductive element, touch or sliding the finger over the ventilator screen. The conductive surface is electrically connected to a ring electrode at a distal part of a manikin's esophagus. The diaphragm respiratory signal simulator produces a synthetic diaphragm electrical signal that triggers a ventilator to deliver a supported breath, which is proportional to the strength of the generated signal. This process allows safe and successful training on the operations of NAVA mode of ventilation and catheter positioning.

Abstract: An acute medical particulate testing device for determining particle shed from a medical device during implantation. The device includes a closed loop system through which a solution is forcibly passed. An inlet port allows a catheter-mounted medical device to be incorporated into the flow loop. At least one tortuous passage is provided to replicate the vascular pathway and tortuosity which simulates the turns and bends and rubbing that affect particulate release from an implantable medical device as it is passed through the vasculature. A debubbler is provided to remove air bubbles from the solution before it is passed into a particle counting device that counts particle shed from the medical device during the simulated implantation. A filter having desired porosity removes particles from the solution. A final filter system removes all particles and air bubbles from the solution before it is re-circulated through the loop.

Abstract: Method and system for presenting a lesson plan having a plurality of keyframes is provided. The method includes initializing a fixed variable for a first keyframe; detecting an input from a user at an interactive display device; correlating the input with a gesture from a gesture set and one or more of database domains from among a plurality of database domains; displaying an image at the interactive display device when all mutable variables for the first keyframe content are determined based on the input; manipulating the image using a gesture associated with the displayed image and any associated database domains; and transitioning to a next keyframe using animation.

Abstract: A method for accessing the lumen of a vessel may utilize a reusable handheld device. The reusable handheld device includes an imaging device attachment utilized to secure an image capturing instrument, an arm coupled to the imaging device attachment, and a depth scale coupled to the arm, wherein the depth scale provides a scale indicating an insertion depth. A disposable cartridge attaches to the reusable handheld device. The disposable cartridge includes a sheath, needle or guidewire coupled to the disposable cartridge. The sheath or needle extends to the insertion depth when fully advanced, thereby allowing the sheath, needle, or guidewire to access the lumen of a vessel.

Abstract: A system for simulating a surgical procedure, which includes a housing covering an anatomical model. The model is made up of simulated tissue supported on a base assembly that allows pivoting and rotation of the simulated tissue. The simulated tissue includes a portion that represents soft tissue, such as dermal tissue, muscle, connective tissue and the like, and a portion that represents hard tissue, such as osseous tissue. The housing includes apertures through which a surgical instrument may be inserted for simulating a procedure on the simulated tissue. Cannulas may be set within the apertures.

Abstract: An ultrasound diagnosis system, a medical image display apparatus and displaying method that simultaneously acquires virtual endoscopy image data and multi-planar-reconstruction (MPR) image data of a diagnosing target region based on the volume data acquired from an object. Virtual endoscopy image data is generated by setting up a viewing point and a viewing direction on a volume data acquired from the object. A marker is provided on a target region of a lumen organ shown in the virtual endoscopy image data for setting up an observing direction. A reference line started from the volume data is set up along an observing direction. By comparing a voxel value of the volume data that is crossing to the reference line with a prescribed threshold value, a reference point where a surface of the diagnosing target region crosses the reference line is set up to the volume data.

Abstract: A surgical operation training device 13 comprises a simulation body 83 subjected to a predetermined treatment during surgical operation training, a holder 84 for holding the simulation body 83 from below, a support 85 for supporting the holder 84 workably, a wire 86 for coupling the holder 84 with the support 85, and a control unit 71 for controlling operation of the holder 84. The wire 86 is formed of a shape memory material which can contract from an original shape when a current flows through the wire. The control unit 71 comprises a drive signal generating means 114 for supplying a current to the wire 86 at a predetermined timing and for performing operation control on the holder 84 with a change in the shape of the wire 86 by varying the supply state of current to the wire 86.

Abstract: Devices and methods for competency training and use authorization for dispensing an agent are described, which include: an agent-dispensing device including a reservoir configured to store agents, a controllable agent-dispensing mechanism in communication with the reservoir, a locking mechanism coupled to the controllable agent-dispensing mechanism, a microprocessor including circuitry, use sensors to monitor at least one operational step for use of the agent-dispensing device, training circuitry configured to train the user and to assign a value for each of the monitored at least one operational step for use of the agent-dispensing device, verification circuitry configured to determine if the assigned value for each of the monitored at least one operational step for use of the agent-dispensing device meets or exceeds a pre-defined performance threshold, and activation circuitry responsive to the verification circuitry and configured to deactivate the locking mechanism to allow dispensing of agents if the ass

Abstract: An endo-robot can be tracked and a reconstructed 3D volume of data can be created for virtual endoscopy. The 3D position and orientation of each image captured by the endo-robot is determined. The longitudinal distance traveled inside the structure of interest is determined. The position, orientation and longitudinal distance are used to register the position of the endo-robot to a corresponding position inside the 3D volume of data. Virtual endoscopy can be used to locate areas of interest and correlate clinical findings with the images of the areas of interest.

Abstract: A defibrillator training system having a magnetic training pad connectable to a torso dummy is provided. The magnetic connection between the training pad and the torso dummy allows the defibrillator training pads to be re-used by being magnetically attached and detached to and from the torso dummy without requiring replacement pads.

Abstract: The present invention takes the form of a device for training a user in defibrillation technique. The device includes a non-conductive belt that encircles a chest of a typical training simulator. The device includes conductive studs disposed in the AP or AL position, and therefore allows for training of the AP or AL defibrillation technique, respectively. The device can be used in conjunction with a high-technology simulator. In such a case the conductive studs redirect simulated cardiac rhythm signals and defibrillator electricity, allowing for the simulation of defibrillation in the AP position. The device can also be used in conjunction with a low-technology simulator or a pillow to provide AP and/or AL defibrillation functionality. In such a case, a rhythm simulator is used to simulate heart rhythm and dissipate defibrillation energy.

Abstract: The present system and method related to simulating medical procedures. The system and method comprise a body cavity simulator and at least one camera. The body cavity simulator comprises a channel having a proximal end, a distal end, and an inner longitudinal passage extending between the proximal end and the distal end. The channel is partially made of a material comprised of one of the following: a transparent material, a translucent material, a semi-transparent material. The channel receives at least one simulated medical instrument through the proximal end. The at least one camera is adapted for capturing through the material of the channel a pattern of a tracking device of the at least one simulated medical instrument inserted in the channel. The camera transmits data corresponding to the captured pattern of the tracking device to a processing unit.

Abstract: The present simulated medical instrument is adapted for insertion in a channel of a body cavity simulator. The present simulated medical instrument comprises a tube and at least one tracking device. The tube comprises a proximal end and a distal end. The tube is sized and shaped for insertion in the channel of the body cavity simulator. The at least one tracking device is located in proximity of the distal end of the tube, the tracking device having a pattern detectable via camera.

Abstract: A display device includes a first display unit, a second display unit, and a first image acquisition unit, a second image acquisition unit, an image processing unit, and an image output unit. A display method includes acquiring a first image and a second image by first image acquisition unit and second image acquisition unit respectively, both of the first image and the second image include the target image; determining a display information in accordance with the target image; determining a first display position in the first image and a second display position in the second image in accordance with the target image; displaying the first display image corresponding to the display information at the first display position and the second display image corresponding to the display information at the second display position.

Abstract: A method is provided for a 3D virtual training system. The 3D virtual training system includes a 3D display screen and an operating device, and the method includes initializing a virtual medical training session to be displayed on the 3D display screen, where 3D display contents include at least a 3D virtual image of a surgery site. The method also includes obtaining user interaction inputs via the operating device and the 3D display screen, and displaying on the 3D display screen a virtual surgery device and a virtual surgery operation on the surgery site by the virtual surgery device. Further, the method includes determining an operation consequence based on the user interaction inputs and the surgery site, rendering the operation consequence based on the surgery site and effects of the virtual surgery operation, and displaying 3D virtual images of the rendered operation consequence on the 3D display screen.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cartridge for a drug delivery device comprising of a body of substantially cylindrical shape, a piston slidably disposed in the body along two opposite axial directions, along a distal and along a proximal direction, and at least one friction means operably engaged with the piston to generate a pre-defined friction force between the piston and an inside wall of the body, when the piston is displaced relative to the body, wherein in response to an axial displacement of the piston relative to the body in distal direction and in proximal direction, the at least one friction means is adapted to generate respective proximal and distal friction forces that are different in magnitude.

Abstract: Treatment volume projection systems and methods for use in treating patients, including an image scanner to capture an image of a patient's treatment volume, a processor to process the image to generate a treatment volume image corresponding to at least a portion of the treatment volume, and an image projector to project the treatment volume image onto a projection surface. The treatment volume image can include an x-y scanning area of the treatment volume to assist delivery of treatment to the patient.

Abstract: An eye assembly for use in a patient simulator is provided. The eye assembly includes an iris diaphragm having a moveable inner portion defining an opening. The inner portion of the iris diaphragm is movable radially from a first position wherein the opening has a first diameter and a second position wherein the opening has a second diameter greater than the first diameter. The iris diaphragm is configured for use in a simulated eye. The eye assembly also includes a dilation actuator in communication with the inner portion of the iris diaphragm for selectively moving the inner portion between the first and second positions to simulate dilation of an eye.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for providing a tactile sensation for a virtual image are disclosed. The disclosed apparatus includes: a display unit for displaying an image including a virtual image; an image acquisition unit for acquiring an image of a user body; a determiner unit for determining whether or not a user attempts an interaction with the virtual image by using an image acquired by the image acquisition unit; a content analyzer unit for acquiring a time at which a virtual image is shown and position information of the shown virtual image from a displayed content; a tactile-sensation provider unit for providing a tactile sensation to a preset body part of the user based on a determination result of the determiner unit; and a tactile-sensation provision controller for adjusting an ejector nozzle of the tactile-sensation provider unit based on a virtual image showing time and position acquired by the content analyzer unit.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for providing a tactile sensation in cooperation with a display device are disclosed. The disclosed apparatus includes: a display-device communication unit configured to receive information on a virtual image from the display device; a determiner unit configured to determine whether or not a user attempts an interaction with the virtual image by using an image of a user body; and a tactile-sensation provider unit configured to provide a tactile sensation to a preset body part of the user based on a determination result of the determiner unit. The disclosed apparatus can enable the user to interact with a virtual image with verisimilitude.