Abstract: Systems and methods present multiple images of a three-dimensional model, including a three-dimensional representation of an anatomic structure and a representation of a medical device relative to the anatomic structure, on a graphical user interface. The multiple images correspond to different views (e.g., in multiple, different planes) of the three-dimensional model to provide complementary spatial information regarding a position of the medical device relative to the anatomic structure during a medical procedure performed on the anatomic structure. Such complementary spatial information can, for example, provide spatial context to facilitate controlling the position of the medical device relative to the anatomic structure during the medical procedure.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method includes selecting, by a virtual problem-based learning (PBL) system, information indicative of a medical profile of a patient; accessing, by the virtual PBL system, information indicative of a team of students using the virtual PBL system; generating, by the virtual PBL system and based on the medical profile, an medical PBL schema comprising a medical problem to be solved by the team of students; generating a plurality of sections in the medical PBL schema, with each section promoting solving of the medical problem, and with each section associated with (i) a private work environment for a student to privately analyze the medical problem, and (ii) a shared, anonymous work environment for the students to view analysis performed by other students in solving the medical problem; and transmitting, to one or more client systems used by the students participating in the virtual problem-based learning system, the medical PBL schema.

Abstract: An optical emitter package is disclosed. The optical emitter package can include a carrier, a switching die, and an optical emitter die mounted to the carrier. The optical emitter die can be directly electrically and mechanically connected to the carrier with a conductive adhesive. An energy storage device can be mounted to the carrier. The energy storage device can be directly electrically and mechanically connected to the carrier with a second conductive adhesive. The carrier can provide electrical communication between the switching die, the optical emitter die, and the energy storage device.

Abstract: The present technology relates to systems, methods and devices for haptically-enabled virtual reality simulation of cerebral aneurysm clipping, wherein a user uses two physical stations during the simulation. The first station is a haptic and augmented reality station, and the second station is a haptic and virtual reality station.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a remote terminal, and a method of remote instruction to easily understand not only a three-dimensional effect but also a relationship between the screen display and the actual real space. A remote terminal 100 receiving an instruction from an instruction terminal 10 while sharing a screen, takes an image, transmits the taken image to the instruction terminal 10, displays a three dimensional shape to understand three dimensional space of the taken image, and displays an instruction icon received from the instruction terminal 10 for the three dimensional shape.

Abstract: Systems and methods facilitating training in clinical procedures via mixed reality simulations are disclosed. Such a system can comprise a physical model and a virtual model of an anatomic region associated with the procedure, wherein the virtual model associates tissue types with locations in the physical model. The system can include a tracking component that tracks locations of at least one clinical instrument relative to the models, and an anatomic feedback component that can produce perceptible changes in the physical model based on the interaction between the instrument and virtual model. A clinical device interface can detect outputs of clinical devices like electrical signals, pressure or flow, wherein feedback to the physical model depends on the tracked position of a clinical device and output from the same or different clinical device. Another component can generate feedback effects to the clinical device. Aspects can simulate anesthesiology procedures like local nerve blockade.

Abstract: A patient simulation system for healthcare training is provided. The system includes one or more interchangeable shells comprising a physical anatomical model of at least a portion of a patient's body, the shell adapted to be illuminated from behind to provide one or more dynamic images viewable on the outer surface of the shells; a support system adapted to receive the shells via a mounting system, wherein the system comprises one or more image units adapted to render the one or more dynamic images viewable on the outer surface of the shells; one or more interface devices located about the patient shells to receive input and provide output; and one or more computing units in communication with the image units and interface devices, the computing units adapted to provide an interactive simulation for healthcare training.

Abstract: Surgical training apparatus, methods and systems which allow surgical trainees to practice surgical skills on anatomical models in a realistic manner with an augmented reality headset and delivery of targeted surgical coursework curriculum correlated to the actions of the trainee as sensed by sensors in or adjacent the model to help the trainee develop proper surgical technique and decision making.

Abstract: A method of monitoring oral health including deriving a health profile of a user from information obtained from a sample taken from the user; displaying a representation of the health profile on a display, wherein the representation of the health profile includes a list of undesirable oral health characteristics that are detectable from the sample and a graphical depiction of an oral cavity divided into a plurality of regions; and wherein in response to selection of a first one of the undesirable oral health characteristics, the representation of the health profile indicates which regions of the user's oral cavity are affected by the first one of the undesirable oral health characteristic.

Abstract: A model for practicing laparoscopic surgical skills is provided. The model comprises a body having an elongate lumen and a plurality of eyelets connected to an inner surface of the lumen. The plurality of eyelets defines at least one pathway for practicing the passing of at least one needle and suture through the eyelets. The model further includes a staging area with removable objects having apertures configured to be placed onto hook-like eyelets. The model provides a platform for practicing hand-to-hand transfer, depth perception among other skills required in laparoscopic procedures within a confined tubular space. The model may be placed inside a laparoscopic trainer in which the practice is performed in a simulated laparoscopic environment and observed on a video display.

Abstract: A medical simulator handpiece (112; 114) has a body (156; 180), a first formation (157; 184) representing a first medical tool and is characterized by a second formation (159, 161; 186) representing a second, different medical tool in which the first and second formations are connected and spaced apart to permit a user to manipulate one or other of the first and second formations.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods may include recording forces from manipulation of a three-dimensional object by a haptic user interface and generating a digital electrical representation of the three-dimensional object from the recorded forces and from a visual representation of the three-dimensional object.

Abstract: An AED trainer is implemented using a special purpose hardware platform and a state machine, implemented in software, which together replicate or simulate operations of a target AED device. The state machine operates the AED trainer in an efficient and effective manner to train students to correctly perform rescue procedures on patients suffering from Sudden Cardiac Arrest.

Abstract: An interactive toy serving as a surrogate by emulating chronic condition characteristics of a child and providing responses and output to educate user about the chronic condition. The toy may include a microprocessor and memory, and a plurality of sensors that receive information representative of a treatment for the chronic condition and output systems that simulate reaction to the treatment of the chronic condition. The toy may include a plurality of replica food articles that interact with the sensors and the output systems. The toy may further include a plurality of replica or real medical devices that interact with the sensors to simulate reaction to treatment via the output systems.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hygiene nudging system for improving the overall cleanliness of a room or an area having one or more predetermined surfaces, comprising a dispenser unit configured to dispense cleaning wipes for cleaning the one or more surfaces, a control unit connected with the dispenser unit, wherein the system comprises a nudging unit connected with the control unit, the control unit being configured to control the nudging unit, the nudging unit is configured to issue an indication when activated by the control unit, and a first sensor is connected with the dispenser unit and the control unit, the first sensor being configured to detect dispensing from the dispenser unit and to signal the detection of dispensing to the control unit, whereby the control unit deactivates the nudging unit. The present invention also relates to a facility comprising one or more hygiene nudging systems according to the present invention.

Abstract: Simulated tissue structures and methods of manufacturing are provided. The simulated tissue structures are particularly useful for placement inside abdominal simulators for practicing laparoscopic surgical techniques. One simulated tissue structure includes a combination of two materials that are attached together wherein one of the materials forms a hollow anatomical structure configured to contain the other material. The two materials are attached in an anatomically advantageous manner such that the inner surface of the outer material closely conforms to the outer surface of the inner material. Another simulated tissue structure includes a plurality of layers wherein at least one layer is applied by printing the layer with at least one stencil to impart one or more functional characteristic to the simulated tissue structure.

Abstract: One or more specific embodiments herein includes a method for producing an anatomical model, comprising providing a mold having a first cavity shaped to correspond to an anatomical structure, providing an insert inside the first cavity of the mold, positioning a first material into the first cavity such that the first material forms a base model, removing at least one portion of the insert from the mold to form a second cavity inside the mold, and positioning a second material into at least a portion of the second cavity.

Abstract: A system for simulating one or more hemorrhages in order to provide a more dynamic and realistic hemorrhage simulation in order to train medical personnel and other critical care givers, such as first responders, medics, and emergency medical technicians (EMTs) on treating hemorrhages. The system includes a reservoir, a flow controller, and at least one conduit connected to at least one simulated wound site wherein the system supplies fluid to the simulated wound site in order to simulate a hemorrhage. The system may further include a plurality of wound sites that have their respective fluid flows controlled by the fluid flow controller. In at least one embodiment, the reservoir and the flow controller are housed within a bag. In at least one embodiment, the system further includes an audio system for providing audio cues to the simulation participants to enhance the realism of the simulation.

Abstract: An apparatus for training suturing techniques. The apparatus comprises: (i) a suturing cartridge presentation display with a first receptacle for demountably engaging therein a first suturing cartridge and a second receptacle for demountably engaging therein a second suturing cartridge, (ii) a microprocessor, a graphical user interface, and at least one software program for cooperating with the microprocessor for training, monitoring, reporting suturing techniques; and (iii) a housing for mounting therein the suturing cartridge presentation display, the microprocessor, and the graphical user interface. Each receptacle is associated with a pressure sensor and a plurality of LEDs. The suturing cartridges are fillable with semi-solid, resilient material into which suturing instruments may be inserted and withdrawn.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method comprising: retrieving, by one or more computer systems, a patient education module for educating a patient about a medical procedure; wherein a structure of the patient education module comprises a first educational section and a second educational section; where the first educational section comprises information and one or more visualizations related to a first stage of the medical procedure; wherein the second educational section comprises information and one or more visualizations related to a second stage of the medical procedure; transmitting, to a device used by the patient, the patient education module for the patient to review the patient education module; receiving, from the device used by the patient, information specifying that the patient has reviewed and understood one or more of the first educational section and the second educational section.

Abstract: An operator training and maneuver refinement system and method that enhance the degree of control an operator is able to exercise over a controlled device such as an aircraft, vehicle, equipment or other device by sequentially providing and visually displaying to the operator a direct comparison of real-time input controller positions for at least one operating parameter with stored empirical input controller positions for the same or a similar operating parameter over a predetermined time interval, preferably also displaying the deviation between the real-time and stored empirical controller positions.

Abstract: A medical training method includes generating an image of a first level of anatomical structures, displaying the image in a correct registration in a first display area on the surface of a portion of a simulated body, detecting a user input associated with the portion of the simulated body, and responsive to said detecting, generating and displaying at least one visual image in a correct registration in the first display area. A system for carrying out such method is also provided.

Abstract: A resettable injection training device having an outer shell including a proximal end and a distal end, the outer shell defining a chamber there within, an actuation member near a proximal end, and a plunger slidable within the chamber is provided in an embodiment herein. The embodiment further including a safety shield having an extended locked position, an extended unlocked position and a retracted position, a locking sleeve configured to interact with the safety shield, and a reset shuttle disposed within the safety shield at a distal end of the device, wherein the reset shuttle is slidable relative to the safety shield, such that movement of the reset shuttle toward the proximal end of the device unlocks the safety shield.

Abstract: A balloon catheter having an elongated catheter shaft defining a fluid drainage lumen and a balloon inflation lumen. The balloon catheter includes a fluid drainage port disposed about the distal end of the catheter shaft in fluid communication with the fluid drainage lumen, and a balloon inflation port disposed about the distal end of the catheter shaft in fluid communication with the balloon inflation lumen. A balloon portion is disposed about the distal end of the catheter shaft in fluid communication with the balloon inflation port. A release device is disposed in fluid communication with the balloon portion and the fluid drainage lumen, and includes an activating member. A tether is attached to the activating member of the release device. Tension applied to the tether activates the release device, enabling fluid flow from the balloon portion into the fluid drainage lumen and out of the body.

Abstract: An intubation simulator and method are disclosed. The simulator includes a human mannequin with a mouth and a sensorized conduit. A glide scope disposed in the sensorized conduit. A first manipulator and a second manipulator are connected to the glide scope by way of a linkage. A method for simulating intubation is disclosed, where an intubation simulator is provided, computer-based instructions are provided to cause a first and second manipulator of the simulator to simulate the haptic environment of a human through the glide scope. A sensorized conduit of the simulator is used to sense a position of a tracheal tube being placed during the simulated intubation.

Abstract: A method for modeling a blood vessel includes: (a) modeling a first segment of the blood vessel based on medical imaging data acquired from a subject; (b) computing a first modeling parameter at an interior point of the first segment; and (c) computing a second modeling parameter at a boundary point of the first segment using a viscoelastic wall model. Systems for modeling a blood vessel are described.

Abstract: Various systems and methods are provided for injection training by collecting, processing, analyzing and displaying measured information associated with the delivery of an injection. Sensor-based measurements of a syringe's position and orientation in three-dimensional space are obtained and processed to provide metrics of a trainee's injection performance. The measurements can be combined with a digital model of a training apparatus to deliver a computer-generated, graphical depiction of the training injection, enabling visualization of the injection from perspectives unavailable in the physical world. The training injection execution, as reflected in the measured sensor-based data, can be reviewed and analyzed at times after, and in locations different than, the time and location of the training injection. Additionally, injection training data associated with multiple training injections can be aggregated and analyzed for, among other things, trends in performance.

Abstract: Ultrasound-guided needle procedures require skills that are challenging to master, especially considering the need to manipulate 3-D structures while observing 2-D images (or even 3-D images). A pre-clinical assessment and training apparatus, methods, and systems are described herein. Targeting tasks require participants to contact target models designed to test various skills. Performance is compared between those with experience in ultrasound-guided medical procedures and those without experience, using at least one targeting task likely to be beneficial for assessment.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure include a method and system for estimating flow rates of a fluid or medium though a dialyzer during a dialysis treatment (e.g., a hemodialysis treatment). Pressure sensors are incorporated in dialyzers used for hemodialysis to achieve continuous monitoring of fluid balance of the body. During dialysis, obtaining fluid input and output pressures experienced at various inlets and outlets of dialyzers is easier than obtaining flow rates at these inlets and outlets, but using flow rates is better in determining the effectiveness of a dialyzer during hemodialysis. Embodiments of the disclosure thus use pressure measurements at inlets and outlets of a dialyzer along with a dialyzer model to determine fluid flow rates through the dialyzer. The fluid flow rates are used to determine whether there are leakages or occlusions in tubing during the dialysis treatment.

Abstract: A sensor-equipped laryngoscope may be used in a system and method for quantifying intubation performance. The level of experience of health care professionals (HCPs) plays a role in the application of force and torque applied to the laryngoscope during endotracheal intubation on an airway simulator, such as a manikin or animal model (e.g., a ferret). A sensor-equipped laryngoscope may provide data that differentiates the mechanics applied by subject matter experts (SMEs) (e.g., neonatologists) from those by novices or trainees during intubation, particularly on infant or neonatal airway simulators. A laryngoscope may be equipped with one or more sensors (e.g., force/torque sensors, accelerometers, and gyroscopes) to record force, torque, and/or three-dimensional motion during endotracheal intubation. The sensor-equipped laryngoscope may then be used to record intubation mechanics (e.g., during an infant airway simulated intubation) for both SMEs and trainees.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed for controlling pressure delivery to a user such as a patient. A flow generator generates an outlet flow at an outlet port for delivery to a patient. At least one sensor measures properties of the flow of gas at the outlet port or being delivered to the patient. A controller is operatively connected to the flow generator and the at least one sensor, and is adapted to operate according to a pressure control mode in which the controller controls the flow generator to output a substantially steady pressure or a flow control mode in which the controller controls the flow generator to output a substantially steady flow. The controller operates in the flow control mode when a patient may be awake and in the pressure control mode when the patient may be asleep.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method includes selecting, by a virtual problem-based learning (PBL) system, information indicative of a medical profile of a patient; accessing, by the virtual PBL system, information indicative of a team of students using the virtual PBL system; generating, by the virtual PBL system and based on the medical profile, an medical PBL schema comprising a medical problem to be solved by the team of students; generating a plurality of sections in the medical PBL schema, with each section promoting solving of the medical problem, and with each section associated with (i) a private work environment for a student to privately analyze the medical problem, and (ii) a shared, anonymous work environment for the students to view analysis performed by other students in solving the medical problem; and transmitting, to one or more client systems used by the students participating in the virtual problem-based learning system, the medical PBL schema.

Abstract: An auto-injection training device is presented that allows a user to simulate an injection procedure that occurs with a real-life commercial auto-injector containing a prefilled container of medicament. The training device is resettable, thus allowing the user to perform multiple simulations. Each simulation provides both audible and visual signals to the user that the injection procedure is in progress.

Abstract: A fluid supply package is described, which includes a fluid storage and dispensing vessel, and a fluid dispensing assembly coupled to the vessel and configured to enable discharge of fluid from the vessel under dispensing conditions, wherein the fluid supply package includes an informational augmentation device thereon, e.g., at least one of a quick read (QR) code and an RFID tag, for informational augmentation of the package. Process systems are described including process tools and one or more fluid supply packages of the foregoing type, wherein the process tool is configured for communicative interaction with the fluid supply package(s). Various communicative arrangements are described, which are usefully employed to enhance the efficiency and operation of process systems in which fluid supply packages of the foregoing type are employed.

Abstract: A system and a method for virtual reality based interactive learning are provided. The method includes simulation of a 3D interactive scene in a VR environment, and rendering the 3D interactive scene including queries on a VR display platform. Responses to the queries are received in the VR environment. A first cumulative assessment score is computed based on the response and attributes of participants. Also, subsequent 3D interactive scenes are dynamically simulated in the VR environment based on the first cumulative assessment score. Subsequent queries associated with context of the subsequent scenes are rendered, and a second cumulative assessment score is computed based on the subsequent responses to the subsequent queries. Furthermore, an overall assessment score is computed based on the cumulative assessment scores. A 3D interactive scene is rendered till the overall assessment score is equal to or greater than a threshold assessment score.

Abstract: An automatic injection training device is presented having an elongated housing assembly and a demo container. The device further has a reloadable plunger assembly comprising a hollow plunger, a piston rod, a first energy accumulating member arranged between the hollow plunger and the piston rod and an actuation assembly configured to hold the hollow plunger in a first position and thereby the piston rod in the start position and to release the hollow plunger from the first position and thereby the piston rod from the start position. The hollow plunger can have a chamber sealed by the piston rod, and a passage; such that movement of the hollow plunger from the first to the second position by a force exerted from the first energy accumulating member causes an airflow into the chamber through the passage whereby the movement of the hollow plunger is dampened.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses for providing substantially omnidirectional light emission from a tip of a needle for use with injection training systems are provided. The substantially omnidirectional light emission improves the angular range of detection of the emitted light. The approach uses principles of fluorescence and/or light diffusion to emit light in a substantially omnidirectional pattern from the needle tip in order to improve the detectability of the emitted light by a light detector.

Abstract: Systems and methods for competency training and use authorization for dispensing an agent are described, which include: an agent-dispensing device configured to dispense one or more agents to a user, and including a controllable agent-dispensing mechanism and a receiver configured to receive a signal and to activate or deactivate a locking mechanism coupled to the controllable agent-dispensing mechanism; a computing device having a display and a user interface; and a web-based interactive tool accessible on the computing device, the web-based interactive tool including a training module to provide training to the user in proper use of the agent-dispensing device, a verification module to verify a competency of the user in the proper use of the agent-dispensing device, and an activation module responsive to the verification module and operable to provide an activation signal to deactivate the locking mechanism to allow dispensing of the one or more agents after verifying the competency of the user.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods appropriate for use in medical training are disclosed. In some instances, a patient simulator system is provided that includes a maternal patient simulator and a fetal patient simulator. The maternal patient simulator includes an internal chamber sized to receive the fetal patient simulator and a birthing mechanism disposed within the internal chamber configured to translate and rotate the fetal patient simulator with respect to the maternal patient simulator to simulate a birth. In some instances, the fetal patient simulator an internal support structure that includes spinal components, left arm components, right arm components, left leg components, and right leg components with a skin layer covering the internal support structure.

Abstract: A first interface for reading image data of an anatomical region obtained by means of a medical imaging method is provided. A modeling module serves for establishing a volumetric biomechanical structure model of the anatomical region on the basis of the image data. Moreover, provision is made of a tracking module, couplable with a camera, for video-based registration of spatial gestures of a user. Furthermore, a simulation module, based on the biomechanical structure model, serves to assign a registered gesture to a simulated mechanical effect on the anatomical region, simulate a mechanical reaction of the anatomical region to the simulated mechanical effect, and modify the biomechanical structure model in accordance with the simulated mechanical reaction. Moreover, provision is made for a visualization module for the volumetric visualization of the biomechanical structure model.

Abstract: A system and method for converting static/still medical images of a particular patient into dynamic and interactive images interacting with medical tools including medical devices by coupling a model of tissue dynamics and tool characteristics to the patient specific imagery for simulating a medical procedure in an accurate and dynamic manner.

Abstract: Embodiments are directed to assessing performances of physical activities. Assessment engines may collect performance content that includes information associated with performances of activities. The assessment engines may employ classifiers to classify the performance content to determine occurrences of features of the performance content and classify assessment content to determine scores that are associated with features included in the performances. The assessment engines may provide correlation values associated with the performances based on historical performance content, assessment content, or scores. The assessment engine may provide a report that includes a localized evaluation of the performances based on the correlation values, performance content, assessment content, and scores. In some cases, the performance content may include videos of the performances.

Abstract: A method for guiding a user in performing a Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) procedure on a patient involving a user portable device comprising a camera, and a display. The method includes receiving a video of the patient captured by the camera, and processing the video to segment a chest region of the patient. A target position on the chest where to position hands for performing CPR is then determined, and this position is then shown on the display, hereby guiding the user in obtaining a suitable hand position for performing CPR. The method can be implemented as a software application in a personal portable device such as a smart phone, a tablet application software, a wearable computer with head-mounted display etc. Further, the video of the scene captured by the camera can be processed to provide information regarding functional quality of CPR, e.g. compression frequency and depth, during the CPR procedure.

Abstract: Stimulation of the facial nerve system (e.g., electrically, electromagnetically, etc.) in ischemic stroke patients will cause dilation of occluded arteries and dilation of surrounding arteries, allowing for blood flow to circumvent the obstruction and reach previously-deprived tissue. The device approaches the facial nerve and its branches in the vicinity of the ear. In use, the device can be inserted into the ear canal and/or placed in proximity to the ear in order to stimulate the facial nerve system non-invasively (e.g., using an electromagnetic field). The device can be used in the emergency treatment of acute stroke or chronically variations for long-term maintenance of blood flow to the brain and stroke prevention. Additional embodiments of the device may be adapted for use on different regions of the body.

Abstract: In a sleep quality estimation device, a respiration sensor detects the respiratory waveform of a subject. A sleep stage estimation unit estimates the sleep stage of the subject during sleep based on the respiratory waveform detected by the respiration sensor. In a sleep rhythm model database, models associated with the appearance probability of ?-wave for the sleep stage during sleep are recorded. A sleep quality estimation unit estimates the appearance time of ?-wave of the subject during sleep based on the sleep stage of the subject estimated by the sleep stage estimation unit and the models associated with the appearance probability of ?-wave for the sleep stage recorded in the sleep rhythm model database, and estimates the sleep quality of the subject based on the appearance time of ?-wave.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a resettable injection training device is provided herein. The injection training device includes an outer shell comprising a proximal end and a distal end, the outer shell defining a chamber there within, and a plunger slidable within the chamber, the plunger comprising a plunger feature and one or more rail portions. The injection training device further includes a locking safety shield disposed and slidable within the chamber, the safety shield comprising a proximal end and a distal end, the distal end for interfacing with a target surface to actuate the injection training device, the safety shield comprising an extended locked position, an extended unlocked position, and a retracted position.

Abstract: An electronic device having a display is provided. Interactive user engagements with the electronic device are made through the display. A simulation mode is entered. The simulation mode simulates a real pulse generator configured to generate electrical stimulation pulses. The simulation mode is entered without establishing a wireless connection with the real pulse generator. Via the display, one or more features of a virtual pulse generator are demoed after entering the simulation mode. The one or more features of the virtual pulse generator simulate corresponding features of the real pulse generator. The virtual pulse generator is a software program that resides on the electronic device. The demoing comprises mimicking a plurality of user interface screens that allow a user to interact with the real pulse generator.

Abstract: There is provided herein methods, apparatus and systems for evaluating carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in a subject's breath, for example in subjects ventilated with High Frequency Ventilation (HFV), the method includes inserting to a trachea of a subject an endotrachial tube (ETT), sampling breath from an area in the trachea located in proximity to a distal end of the endotrachial tube (ETT) and evaluating one or more CO2 related parameters of the sampled breath.

Abstract: An apparatus for applying liquid pressure to resected tissue may include a fixture, a papillary assembly coupled to the fixture and having first and second spaced apart papillary attachment elements, and a resected mitral valve attached to the fixture. The fixture may have a first chamber, a second chamber, and an internal panel extending between the first and second chambers. The resected mitral valve may be attached to the internal panel and may have a posterior leaflet, an anterior leaflet, and tendinae chordae. The tendinae chordae may each be attached at a first end to the posterior leaflet or the anterior leaflet and at a second end to one of the papillary attachment elements. A first group of the tendinae chordae may be attached to the first papillary attachment element, and a second group of the tendinae chordae may be attached to the second papillary attachment element.

Abstract: A suture technique evaluation apparatus evaluates a suture technique performed on a simulated body simulating a part of the human body, and the suture technique evaluation apparatus includes a camera configured to image at least a suture region where suturing is performed on the simulated body, and a ligation force evaluation part adapted to evaluate the ligation force of the suturing on the basis of image data taken by the camera.