Abstract: A fluid supply package is described, which includes a fluid storage and dispensing vessel, and a fluid dispensing assembly coupled to the vessel and configured to enable discharge of fluid from the vessel under dispensing conditions, wherein the fluid supply package includes an informational augmentation device thereon, e.g., at least one of a quick read (QR) code and an RFID tag, for informational augmentation of the package. Process systems are described including process tools and one or more fluid supply packages of the foregoing type, wherein the process tool is configured for communicative interaction with the fluid supply package(s). Various communicative arrangements are described, which are usefully employed to enhance the efficiency and operation of process systems in which fluid supply packages of the foregoing type are employed.

Abstract: A system and a method for virtual reality based interactive learning are provided. The method includes simulation of a 3D interactive scene in a VR environment, and rendering the 3D interactive scene including queries on a VR display platform. Responses to the queries are received in the VR environment. A first cumulative assessment score is computed based on the response and attributes of participants. Also, subsequent 3D interactive scenes are dynamically simulated in the VR environment based on the first cumulative assessment score. Subsequent queries associated with context of the subsequent scenes are rendered, and a second cumulative assessment score is computed based on the subsequent responses to the subsequent queries. Furthermore, an overall assessment score is computed based on the cumulative assessment scores. A 3D interactive scene is rendered till the overall assessment score is equal to or greater than a threshold assessment score.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses for providing substantially omnidirectional light emission from a tip of a needle for use with injection training systems are provided. The substantially omnidirectional light emission improves the angular range of detection of the emitted light. The approach uses principles of fluorescence and/or light diffusion to emit light in a substantially omnidirectional pattern from the needle tip in order to improve the detectability of the emitted light by a light detector.

Abstract: An automatic injection training device is presented having an elongated housing assembly and a demo container. The device further has a reloadable plunger assembly comprising a hollow plunger, a piston rod, a first energy accumulating member arranged between the hollow plunger and the piston rod and an actuation assembly configured to hold the hollow plunger in a first position and thereby the piston rod in the start position and to release the hollow plunger from the first position and thereby the piston rod from the start position. The hollow plunger can have a chamber sealed by the piston rod, and a passage; such that movement of the hollow plunger from the first to the second position by a force exerted from the first energy accumulating member causes an airflow into the chamber through the passage whereby the movement of the hollow plunger is dampened.

Abstract: Systems and methods for competency training and use authorization for dispensing an agent are described, which include: an agent-dispensing device configured to dispense one or more agents to a user, and including a controllable agent-dispensing mechanism and a receiver configured to receive a signal and to activate or deactivate a locking mechanism coupled to the controllable agent-dispensing mechanism; a computing device having a display and a user interface; and a web-based interactive tool accessible on the computing device, the web-based interactive tool including a training module to provide training to the user in proper use of the agent-dispensing device, a verification module to verify a competency of the user in the proper use of the agent-dispensing device, and an activation module responsive to the verification module and operable to provide an activation signal to deactivate the locking mechanism to allow dispensing of the one or more agents after verifying the competency of the user.

Abstract: A system and method for converting static/still medical images of a particular patient into dynamic and interactive images interacting with medical tools including medical devices by coupling a model of tissue dynamics and tool characteristics to the patient specific imagery for simulating a medical procedure in an accurate and dynamic manner.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods appropriate for use in medical training are disclosed. In some instances, a patient simulator system is provided that includes a maternal patient simulator and a fetal patient simulator. The maternal patient simulator includes an internal chamber sized to receive the fetal patient simulator and a birthing mechanism disposed within the internal chamber configured to translate and rotate the fetal patient simulator with respect to the maternal patient simulator to simulate a birth. In some instances, the fetal patient simulator an internal support structure that includes spinal components, left arm components, right arm components, left leg components, and right leg components with a skin layer covering the internal support structure.

Abstract: A first interface for reading image data of an anatomical region obtained by means of a medical imaging method is provided. A modeling module serves for establishing a volumetric biomechanical structure model of the anatomical region on the basis of the image data. Moreover, provision is made of a tracking module, couplable with a camera, for video-based registration of spatial gestures of a user. Furthermore, a simulation module, based on the biomechanical structure model, serves to assign a registered gesture to a simulated mechanical effect on the anatomical region, simulate a mechanical reaction of the anatomical region to the simulated mechanical effect, and modify the biomechanical structure model in accordance with the simulated mechanical reaction. Moreover, provision is made for a visualization module for the volumetric visualization of the biomechanical structure model.

Abstract: Embodiments are directed to assessing performances of physical activities. Assessment engines may collect performance content that includes information associated with performances of activities. The assessment engines may employ classifiers to classify the performance content to determine occurrences of features of the performance content and classify assessment content to determine scores that are associated with features included in the performances. The assessment engines may provide correlation values associated with the performances based on historical performance content, assessment content, or scores. The assessment engine may provide a report that includes a localized evaluation of the performances based on the correlation values, performance content, assessment content, and scores. In some cases, the performance content may include videos of the performances.

Abstract: A method for guiding a user in performing a Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) procedure on a patient involving a user portable device comprising a camera, and a display. The method includes receiving a video of the patient captured by the camera, and processing the video to segment a chest region of the patient. A target position on the chest where to position hands for performing CPR is then determined, and this position is then shown on the display, hereby guiding the user in obtaining a suitable hand position for performing CPR. The method can be implemented as a software application in a personal portable device such as a smart phone, a tablet application software, a wearable computer with head-mounted display etc. Further, the video of the scene captured by the camera can be processed to provide information regarding functional quality of CPR, e.g. compression frequency and depth, during the CPR procedure.

Abstract: Stimulation of the facial nerve system (e.g., electrically, electromagnetically, etc.) in ischemic stroke patients will cause dilation of occluded arteries and dilation of surrounding arteries, allowing for blood flow to circumvent the obstruction and reach previously-deprived tissue. The device approaches the facial nerve and its branches in the vicinity of the ear. In use, the device can be inserted into the ear canal and/or placed in proximity to the ear in order to stimulate the facial nerve system non-invasively (e.g., using an electromagnetic field). The device can be used in the emergency treatment of acute stroke or chronically variations for long-term maintenance of blood flow to the brain and stroke prevention. Additional embodiments of the device may be adapted for use on different regions of the body.

Abstract: In a sleep quality estimation device, a respiration sensor detects the respiratory waveform of a subject. A sleep stage estimation unit estimates the sleep stage of the subject during sleep based on the respiratory waveform detected by the respiration sensor. In a sleep rhythm model database, models associated with the appearance probability of ?-wave for the sleep stage during sleep are recorded. A sleep quality estimation unit estimates the appearance time of ?-wave of the subject during sleep based on the sleep stage of the subject estimated by the sleep stage estimation unit and the models associated with the appearance probability of ?-wave for the sleep stage recorded in the sleep rhythm model database, and estimates the sleep quality of the subject based on the appearance time of ?-wave.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a resettable injection training device is provided herein. The injection training device includes an outer shell comprising a proximal end and a distal end, the outer shell defining a chamber there within, and a plunger slidable within the chamber, the plunger comprising a plunger feature and one or more rail portions. The injection training device further includes a locking safety shield disposed and slidable within the chamber, the safety shield comprising a proximal end and a distal end, the distal end for interfacing with a target surface to actuate the injection training device, the safety shield comprising an extended locked position, an extended unlocked position, and a retracted position.

Abstract: An electronic device having a display is provided. Interactive user engagements with the electronic device are made through the display. A simulation mode is entered. The simulation mode simulates a real pulse generator configured to generate electrical stimulation pulses. The simulation mode is entered without establishing a wireless connection with the real pulse generator. Via the display, one or more features of a virtual pulse generator are demoed after entering the simulation mode. The one or more features of the virtual pulse generator simulate corresponding features of the real pulse generator. The virtual pulse generator is a software program that resides on the electronic device. The demoing comprises mimicking a plurality of user interface screens that allow a user to interact with the real pulse generator.

Abstract: There is provided herein methods, apparatus and systems for evaluating carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in a subject's breath, for example in subjects ventilated with High Frequency Ventilation (HFV), the method includes inserting to a trachea of a subject an endotrachial tube (ETT), sampling breath from an area in the trachea located in proximity to a distal end of the endotrachial tube (ETT) and evaluating one or more CO2 related parameters of the sampled breath.

Abstract: An apparatus for applying liquid pressure to resected tissue may include a fixture, a papillary assembly coupled to the fixture and having first and second spaced apart papillary attachment elements, and a resected mitral valve attached to the fixture. The fixture may have a first chamber, a second chamber, and an internal panel extending between the first and second chambers. The resected mitral valve may be attached to the internal panel and may have a posterior leaflet, an anterior leaflet, and tendinae chordae. The tendinae chordae may each be attached at a first end to the posterior leaflet or the anterior leaflet and at a second end to one of the papillary attachment elements. A first group of the tendinae chordae may be attached to the first papillary attachment element, and a second group of the tendinae chordae may be attached to the second papillary attachment element.

Abstract: A suture technique evaluation apparatus evaluates a suture technique performed on a simulated body simulating a part of the human body, and the suture technique evaluation apparatus includes a camera configured to image at least a suture region where suturing is performed on the simulated body, and a ligation force evaluation part adapted to evaluate the ligation force of the suturing on the basis of image data taken by the camera.

Abstract: The present invention is a medical training simulation apparatus and computer-implemented training method for training of medical professionals in medical examinations involving body parts with concealed geometry, such as in pneumatic otoscopy of the ear. A video adaptation tool is provided whereby one or more displayed images are adapted based on movements or sensor readings related to manipulation of a medical tool within a physical model of a body part. A computer system is also provided that includes at least one medical training simulation apparatus.

Abstract: A medical trainer simulator includes a plurality of simulated vessels filled with a conductive fluid representing, for example, veins or arteries. While performing a procedure using the medical trainer, a person inserts a medical instrument, e.g., a needle or scalpel, into a selected vessel, causing the medical instrument to contact the conductive fluid. A circuit board detects when a circuit is thus created by detecting an electrical current flowing through the medical instrument and the conductive fluid it has contacted. A software program executing on a computer excludes any phantom circuit occurring when the medical instrument contacts conductive fluid from a previous procedure that is not within one of the vessels. A phantom circuit is detected if the resistance of the resulting circuit exceeds a predetermined threshold. The computer visually and/or audibly indicates whether the correct vessel was pierced or excized by the medical instrument.

Abstract: An ultrasound system including an ultrasound machine and an ultrasound probe. The ultrasound probe includes an ultrasound transducer, ultrasound circuitry, a six degree of freedom (6-DOF) sensor, and a probe housing. The probe housing encases the ultrasound transducer and the 6-DOF sensor. By embedding motion-sensing technology directly within the housing of the ultrasound transducer, the position and orientation of the ultrasound probe can be tracked in an automated manner in relation to an indicator mark on the ultrasound screen. This allows assisting technologies to mitigate human error that arises from misalignment of the transducer indicator.

Abstract: A simulated abdominal wall model that is ideal for practicing laparoscopic first entry surgical techniques is provided. The model includes a simulated abdominal wall portion captured between two frame elements of a support. The support is connectable to a surgical trainer. When connected to the trainer, the model provides a penetrable abdominal tissue portion for accessing an internal cavity of the trainer. The simulated abdominal wall includes a plurality of layers including a skin layer, a fabric posterior rectus sheath layer, a simulated fat layer of low-resilience polyurethane foam and at least two layers that provide distinctive haptic feedback upon penetration of the simulated transversalis fascia and muscle layers. The simulated abdominal wall includes a simulated umbilicus across several layers of simulated tissue.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing an electronic task assessment platform are disclosed. The system may include a first computing device, a second computing device and a server communicatively coupled by a network. A first computing device may include a web browser configured with an assessment builder that enables the creation of customizable assessments. A second computing device may include an assessment application for completion of the customized assessment related to task performance evaluations. The completed assessment may be provided to the server that performs objective evaluation of the completed assessment and generates a specialized report including statistical metrics relating to the task performance evaluations. The report is provided to the first computing device and/or the second computing device.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a modular staged simulator and a process of simulating medical trauma and maladies for the purpose of training or certifying individuals including medical professionals. More specifically, this disclosure relates to ex vivo training exercises as opposed to traditional forms of training using intact cadavers, in vivo surgery on animal subjects; and supervised apprenticeship performing surgery on human subjects with trauma or maladies under the watch of a skilled medical practitioner.

Abstract: Context based AR may include receiving a first wireless signal from a pair of context based AR glasses worn by a user. The context based AR glasses may include a display viewable by the user and a camera to image an object viewed by the user. The image of the object may be analyzed, and compared to images of objects stored in a database that includes information associated with the images of the objects. Based on a match, the object viewed by the user may be identified. Based on collaboration of the user with personnel disposed remotely from the user, and the identified object, a second wireless signal may be sent to the pair of context based AR glasses to provide information related to the collaboration, and to further superimpose the information associated with the identified object adjacent to and/or on top of the object viewed by the user.

Abstract: A system quantifying clinical skill of a user, comprising: collecting data relating to a surgical task done by a user using a surgical device; comparing the data for the surgical task to other data for another similar surgical task; quantifying the clinical skill of the user based on the comparing of the data for the surgical task to the other data for the other similar surgical task; outputting the clinical skill of the user.

Abstract: An active colonoscopy training model (10) and method of using the same with a colonoscope (60) includes an abdominal model (12), a colorectal tube (16) configured to replicate a human colon, and at least one sensor operably coupled to the colorectal tube (16). The abdominal model (12) comprises an outer body (14) having a hollow interior portion (22), and the colorectal tube (16) is operably coupled to the abdominal model (12) within the interior portion (22). The colorectal tube (16) is configured to receive the colonoscope (60), and the at least one sensor measures one or more of a tension, a force, a pressure, a light, and a position of the colonoscope (60) when the colonoscope (60) is positioned and advanced through the colorectal tube (16).

Abstract: The present application relates to systems, methods, and devices for simulating the delivery of a fetus.

Abstract: A medication management system is described that is operable to determine whether a user is actually following a protocol, provide additional assistance to a user, starting with instructions, video instructions, and the like, and moving up to contact from a medication administrator if it is determined that the user would need such assistance in any medical adherence situation, including clinical trial settings, home care settings, healthcare administration locations, such as nursing homes, clinics, hospitals and the like. Suspicious activity on the part of a patient or other user of the system is identified and can be noted to a healthcare provider or other service provider where appropriate.

Abstract: A healthcare content authoring software platform incorporates a healthcare education content authoring assistant software with interactive suggestion interface to assist a healthcare education content author in creating computerized healthcare education contents.

Abstract: A phantom for simulating motions of both the body surface and the internal organs simultaneously, having a structure comprising of a body cell 12 and an internal organ part cell 2. The body cell 12 simulates a body. The internal organ part cell 2 is installed inside a body cell 12 and contains internal organ cells 11a and 11b which simulate internal organs like lung and others. Each of the body cell 12, the internal organ part cell 2 and the internal organ cells 11a and 11b has elastic surface and is able to expand like a balloon. Each cell is provided with a protrusion 170 for connecting a tube 40 to pass fluid.

Abstract: A laparoscopic trainer platform assembly includes: a training platform; a base, configured to accommodate at least one target array; the target array including a planar surface upon which are disposed a plurality of protruding targets oriented at various angles on the base; a left side support for supporting the training platform on the base; and a right side support for supporting the training platform on the base.

Abstract: A system for interacting with a multimedia presentation includes one or more machine-readable codes embedded in a plurality of sequential frames or in individual slides of a multimedia presentation, the frames or slides defining at least one interactive portion of a larger multimedia presentation, a touch-screen driver extension resident on a digital medium and transferable over a network to the digital medium of a touch-screen operated multi-media device, the extension enabling interpretation at the multimedia-enabled interactive response unit of touch-screen taps input during play of the multimedia presentation, and a set of machine instructions resident on a digital medium coupled to or accessible to a multimedia-enabled interactive response system, the machine instructions executable by physical interaction with the one or more of the machine-readable codes in the multimedia presentation to serve one or more additional multimedia presentations to the touch-screen multimedia device.

Abstract: An injection apparatus and training system for prophylactic, curative, therapeutic, acupuncture, or cosmetic injection training and certification. In an embodiment, an injection training system is described that includes a testing tool having a needle and a position sensor, where the position sensor is configured to obtain position information of the testing tool. The system also includes an injection apparatus configured to receive a simulated injection by the testing tool. The system includes a display device configured to receive the position information and to display position data reflective of the position information.

Abstract: A resettable injection training device having a an outer shell including a proximal end and a distal end, the outer shell defining a chamber there within, an actuation member near a proximal end, and a plunger slidable within the chamber is provided. The device further including a safety shield having an extended locked position, an extended unlocked position and a retracted position, a locking sleeve configured to interact with the safety shield, and a reset shuttle disposed within the safety shield at a distal end of the device, wherein the reset shuttle is slidable relative to the safety shield, such that movement of the reset shuttle toward the proximal end of the device unlocks the safety shield.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a ventilator text fixture comprising a ventilator port that connects to a ventilator through a breathing circuit; where the ventilator delivers air through the ventilator port to a ventilator test fixture at a rate and pressure that can be controlled by a user to simulate inhalation; an input port; where the input port is in fluid communication with the ventilator port; where the input port permits additional simulated secretions or test liquids to be pumped into the ventilator text fixture; one or more bent supports; a liquid reservoir; where the liquid reservoir is operative to hold test fluids; and one or more tubes; where the one or more tubes are in fluid communication with the ventilator port and the input port via the liquid reservoir; and where the one or more bent supports are operative to mimic an anatomy of the trachea.

Abstract: A model for practicing laparoscopic surgical skills is provided. The model includes a base having a plurality of practice stations at the upper surface. The practice stations include a cover having a first closed position in which a cavity is concealed beneath the cover and a second open position in which the cover is moved to uncover the cavity. The covers are connected to the surface in a number of ways to provide a variety of haptic responses useful in fine-tuning laparoscopic surgical skills. The cover is configured as a door hinged with or without a bias, a flexible flap, a sliding cover, a lid, and a penetrable sheet. An object for removal is hidden inside the cavity underneath the cover for practicing hand-to-hand transfer of instruments, use of both hands, switching instruments and determining and visualizing tissue planes in a laparoscopic environment.

Abstract: In the field of virtual reality, virtual tool manipulation systems and related methods and software are described in the present disclosure. One implementation of a virtual tool manipulation system, among others, comprises a motion tracking system configured to generate motion information related to the position of a part of a user's body. The virtual tool manipulation system also comprises a haptic feedback system configured to provide a haptic sensation to the user based on the motion information, the position of a virtual tool, and characteristics of the virtual tool.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a chest tube trainer model. Specifically exemplified is a an anatomical model for simulating at least a portion of a thorax that includes a rib portion removably secured to and supported by a base, the rib portion comprised in whole or in part of a hydrogel; and a securing member for holding the anatomical model onto a human; wherein the rib portion has a convex shape defining a space between the base and the rib portion, the space is adapted for receiving a bladder disposed between the rib portion and the base; and at least a portion of the base is formed from puncture resistant material.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems, modules and methods of using the same for in-situ real time imaging guidance of a robot during a surgical procedure. The systems comprise a plurality of modules that intraoperatively link an imaging modality, particularly a magnetic resonance imaging modality, a medical robot and an operator thereof via a plurality of interfaces. The modules are configured to operate in at least one computer having a memory, a processor and a network connection to enable instructions to generally control the imaging modality, track the robot, track a tissue of interest in an area of procedure, process data acquire from imaging modality and the robot and visualize the area and robot. Also provided are non-transitory computer-readable data storage medium storing computer-executable instructions comprising the modules and a computer program produce tangibly embodied in the storage medium.

Abstract: An apparatus for simulating an animal body cavity for training surgical techniques therein comprises a housing defining an internal cavity with an externally-facing opening therein for access by a trainee to the internal cavity. A cover made of a flexible material which is penetrable by a surgical instrument conceals the opening. At least one internal anatomy and at least one camera are positioned within the internal cavity.

Abstract: This system is a computer-based system for analyzing a blood flow at a target vascular site of a subject by means of a computer simulation, having a three-dimensional shape extraction unit, by a computer, for reading a captured image at the target vascular site and generating three-dimensional data representing a shape of a lumen of the target vascular site; a fluid dynamics analysis unit, by a computer, for determining state quantities (pressure and flow velocity) of blood flow at each position of the lumen of the target vascular site by means of computation by imposing boundary conditions relating to blood flow to the three-dimensional shape data; a blood flow characteristic determination unit for determining, from the state quantities of the blood flow determined by the fluid dynamics analysis unit, a wall shear stress vector at each position of the lumen wall surface of the target vascular site, determining relative relationship between a direction of the wall shear stress vector at a specific wall surfac

Abstract: Embodiments of a resettable injection training device are provided herein. The resettable injection training device includes a body and a retractable shield, extendable and retractable relative to the body of the device, in an embodiment. In another embodiment, the resettable injection training device may include an injection simulation member. The retractable shield may be lockable in an extended position, and may be unlocked to retract the shield for a subsequent use of the device in one non-limiting embodiment. In another non-limiting embodiment, a resetting component may be used to retract the shield to reset the device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lung simulator apparatus, as well as to a method to ventilate a lung simulator with a ventilator. The lung simulator apparatus comprises an air chamber with a variable volume for an exchangeable gas, which air chamber is connected in parallel with two air conduits, and a gas exchange element for injecting a tracer gas into the air chamber, wherein the volumes of the air conduits are substantially different. The method of simulating lung function comprises filling a first gas into the air chamber, which has a variable volume and which is connected in parallel with the two air conduits, and injecting a second gas into the air chamber, pressing the first and second gas out of the air chamber, and optionally repeating these steps.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods appropriate for use in combat medical training are provided. In some instances, the combat medical simulators facilitate training of common field medical techniques including tracheostomy, wound care, tourniquet use, pneumothorax, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and/or other medical treatments. Further, the combat medical simulators have joints that provide realistic ranges of motions to enhance the realism of the training experience.

Abstract: A method for real-time correction of tissue compression for tracked ultrasound includes acquiring an ultrasound image of tissues of interest with an ultrasound probe having a probe surface, where the ultrasound probe is tracked to provide a position and an orientation of the probe surface of the ultrasound probe for the acquired ultrasound image; acquiring intraoperative measurements of the undeformed tissue surface; constructing a generic grid representation of tissues for use with a mathematical model of tissue biomechanics, where the generic grid representation is pre-aligned to the acquired ultrasound image by performing a calibration to the ultrasound probe; determining boundary conditions to the mathematical model represented by the generic grid representation; solving the mathematical model for 3D displacements in the generic grid representation of the tissues; and performing correction of tissue compression by using the reversed and interpolated 3D displacement field on the acquired ultrasound image.

Abstract: A surgical training system and method. The system comprises means for recording reference data representing a reference manipulation of a computer generated model of an object by a master user; means for physically guiding a trainee user based on the recorded reference data during a training manipulation of the model of the object by the trainee user; and means for recording assessment data representing an assessment manipulation of the model of the object by the trainee user without guidance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for automatic injection of a product into an injection site, the device comprising: a container having a displaceable piston; a tubular housing having at least a flexible part which, in a rest state, defines a first opening; a piston rod; and, an intermediate part fixed to the piston rod which defines a diameter larger than the first opening. With sufficient distal displacement of the piston rod, the intermediate part causes the at least a flexible part to deflect outwardly with further distal displacement of the piston rod causing the intermediate part to wholly pass through the first opening with the at least a flexible part returning towards the at rest state, engagement of the at least a flexible part with a surrounding element under force of movement towards the at rest state generating a sound.

Abstract: A method for simulating an effect of surface temperature of an electronic device on skin of a human being when the electronic device is touched by the human being. The method comprises applying heat to a material within a cavity of a body, the body comprising a first end, a second end, an outer surface, and an inner surface that defines the cavity extending between the first end and the second end. The outer surface and the material have heat and thermal conductivity properties similar to human skin. The method comprises sensing a temperature of the material, and sensing a temperature of at least a portion of the outer surface when the portion of the outer surface contacts the electronic device.

Abstract: A pre-operative planning and manufacturing method for orthopedic surgery includes obtaining pre-operative medical image data representing a joint portion of a patient. The method also includes constructing a three-dimensional digital model of the joint portion and manufacturing a patient-specific alignment guide for the joint portion from the three-dimensional digital model of the joint portion when the image data is sufficient to construct the three-dimensional digital model of the joint portion. The patient-specific alignment guide has a three-dimensional patient-specific surface pre-operatively configured to nest and closely conform to a corresponding surface of the joint portion of the patient in only one position relative to the joint portion.

Abstract: A method of providing real-time feedback of task performance includes receiving sensor data from sensors coupled to an object. The sensor data is received in response to tasks performed on the object and references positional data with respect to a location on the object at which tasks are performed. The method also includes applying the sensor data to a model of performance measurements, which reflect a standard of performance. The method further includes identifying any deviations of the sensor data from data in the model, and outputting feedback in real-time. The feedback includes indicators signaling tasks performed are correctly implemented and indicators signaling tasks performed are incorrectly implemented. Corrective indicators include measures for modifying task performance to achieve an outcome that approaches or meets the standard of performance. The indicators correspond to one or more locations on the object as determined by the positional data.