Abstract: In a method and system for matching learning objects with a user profile, a top-level concept structure, including a keyword hierarchy for each of one or more top-level concepts, can be used to determine the complexity of a learning object. The learning object can include one or more learning object keywords related to one or more top-level concepts contained in the top-level concept structure. The learning object keywords can be assigned a complexity score based upon their location within the keyword hierarchy, and the complexity scores for all of the learning object keywords relating to a top-level concept can be aggregated to generate a learning object top-level concept complexity score. The learning object top-level concept complexity score can be compared with a user's experience rating for that top-level concept and be used to select an appropriate learning object.

Abstract: A method and system for verifying authenticity of an online usage of a user may include sending a message in an electronic communication to an electronic message address of a user, interactively communicating with the user a request for a response including at least a portion of the message sent to the user, and determining if a response to the request from the user matches at least a portion of the message sent to the user. The message may include a personal identification number used for verification. A certification link or authentication code may be provided to the user for posting on a website or within an email. The certification link or authentication code, optionally displaying an indicia, may enable other users to have confidence that the user whose website other users access or whose emails other users receive are authentic and not someone impersonating the user.

Abstract: A method for analyzing the student's performance in a course for an individual student and/or for a group of students' to identify a plurality of learning objectives, designing a plurality of course requirements and determining student's achievement. The learning objectives, course requirements and student achievements are then combined and may be compared with prior or subsequent courses.

Abstract: A computerized learning method is provided. The method may include receiving a write request from a first learning application program to write a learning level for a skill in a user profile. The user profile is configured to store data indicative of a plurality of skills and a learning level for each skill. The skills and learning levels are defined according to a profile schema. The method may further include writing the learning level for the skill in the user profile. The method may also include receiving a read request from a second learning application program to read the learning level for the skill in the user profile. The method may finally include retrieving the learning level from the user profile, and sending the learning level to the second learning application program.

Abstract: A demand driven process of collecting structured product and service information including the steps of: receiving a request for information from a requestor about a specific product or service, or attribute or class thereof, associating one or more potential responders with the request for information, providing the request to the potential responders, receiving and organizing one or more responses, and providing the organized responses to the requestor, all electronically. An arrangement for the same includes user computers for receiving requests for information, network communication devices for transmitting the requests to potential responders, memory for storing electronic responses and a controller for organizing, updating, and providing access to the electronic responses.

Abstract: A system and method for comprehensive, fully or partially automated instructional plan creation, management, and tracking is provided. Variations of the system may include specialized computer systems, specialized applications, or web-based server-side solutions. Variations of the method may include generation of integrated or course-based instructional plans based on a relationship between standards and indicators of educational success and an academic schedule divided into schedule units. Instructional plans may be populated with learning and teaching resources from a content repository. Such population may be automated, customized, based on user settings, and otherwise configurable on a per-instructor basis. Instructors may also load content into the repository, associate content with one or more identifying parameters, and collaborate with each-other based on teaching style and resource choices.

Abstract: To provide a fast and systematic selection of exercises for a training plan of a user, the invention proposes a method and device for selecting exercises, each of a plurality of exercises (E1 to E5) being associated with a set of characteristics, and each characteristic of the set of characteristics being associated with a set of categories (C1 and C2) for classifying the plurality of exercises, the method comprising the steps of: A. selecting, according to input reflecting answers to a first set of questions related to a given characteristic among said set of characteristics, a subset of categories (C1) from a set of categories (C1 and C2) which is associated with said given characteristic, wherein said answers to the first set of questions reflect information of said user; B. determining a set of exercises based on said selected subset of categories (C1).

Abstract: The present disclosure pertains to a computer-implemented method for presenting a survey session to survey respondents, the method having: triggering a start event, obtaining session information, storing the session information, transmitting the session information to a host server, determining whether a survey associated with the session information has been previously created, selecting a question set to present to the respondent, incorporating a question set into a question panel, presenting the question panel to the respondent in a controlled manner, selecting an answer to the question, creating an answered question, and storing the answered question as a survey result.

Abstract: Methods, systems and apparatus for providing a variety of end product build plans based on multiple business scenarios for exhausting excess inventory. Raw financial data and variable scaling factors are input into a scenario engine component along with a business objective that contains logic. The scaling factor may be embedded within the logic of the business objective, or it may be selected by a user to indicate the user's preferences. The scenario engine then applies the financial data and variable scaling factor inputs to the business objective logic to generate modified financial data. The logic of the business objective may also be manipulated to provide modified logic. The modified financial data, and optionally the modified logic, are then input into an optimizer component for determining multiple portfolios for end products that, if built, would consume excess inventory.

Abstract: Methods and systems obtain profile information from individuals using automation to select and provide the questions that are given to the individual. The answers the individuals provide to the questions can then be used to generate the profile information. Subsequent questions are selected and presented according to analysis of the previous answers. The exchange of the questions and answers occurs over a communications network and may take the form of emails, web page interfaces, wireless data messages, or verbal communication over a voiced call. The answers are analyzed to determine certain characteristics, such as the personality type, mood, and gender of the individual. The subsequent questions are selected based on the characteristics that are found from the answers to facilitate the information exchange between the automated system and the individual.

Abstract: There is a computerized learning system and method which updates a conditional estimate of a user signal representing a characteristic of a user based on observations including observations of user behavior. The conditional estimate may be updated using a non-linear filter. Learning tools may be generated using the computerized learning system based on distributions of desired characteristics of the learning tools. The learning tools may include educational items and assessment items. The learning tools may be requested by a user or automatically generated based on estimates of the user's characteristics. Permissions may be associated with the learning tools which may only allow delegation of permissions to other users of lower levels. The learning system includes a method for annotating learning tools and publishing those annotations. In-line text editors of scientific text allow users to edit and revised previously published documents.

Abstract: A real-time observation assessment system includes an assessment application that enables an assessor to administer a probe to a student, and to capture responses of the student, and to automatically score the captured responses. The assessment system includes a user interface of the assessment application. The user interface includes a first area of the user interface that displays a character sequence that is divided into multiple segments, where at least two of the multiple segments of the character sequence are separately selectable and a second area of the user interface that is divided into multiple segments corresponding to each segment of the character sequence in the first area, where each segment in the second area is separately selectable to enable capturing of different combinations of student responses reflecting selection of one or more of the segments in the second area. A scoring module enables a score to be calculated based on the selected segments according to scoring rules for the probe.

Abstract: Interacting with a television program includes beginning playback of the program for perception by a user, analyzing the program to detect a cue within the program, automatically pausing playback of the program when the cue is detected, accepting user input data in response to the cue, resuming playback of the program when the user input data is received, and comparing the user input data to a non-user response. Interactivity provided by the program analysis, pausing playback, accepting user input data, resuming playback, and comparing operations supports execution of at least one of an entertainment application and an educational application at a user's site without requiring modification of the television program by a program provider.

Abstract: A question-and-answer application that displays topic-specific biographical information about users when presenting certain content elements is described. The topic-specific biographical information for a user may be displayed in various contexts, such as with an answer to a question on a question page for the question, or with information identifying a user who is following a question or a topic. With some embodiments, a user's topic-specific biographical information may be provided by the user, provided or suggested by another user, or obtained from an external data source.

Abstract: A method of providing access management in an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a platform for running an application; an access manager for handling access of a user to the application; and a set of access permissions stored in the apparatus and used by the access manager for controlling access of the user to applications. The method includes linking the entry permissions to the application, apparatus or device administrator, and allowing the user access to the application only after predetermined access permissions are satisfied. A method of providing reward management by means of an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus may include a platform for running an application; a reward manager maintaining a reward account for the user; and a set of reward opportunities stored in the apparatus and used by the reward manager to provide incentives to the user.

Abstract: A method and system for customizing an automated essay scoring system are disclosed. Relative weights may be assigned to a plurality of features for a plurality of benchmark essay responses. Based on the relative weights, automated scores may be determined for one or more first essay responses to a first prompt. The automated scores may be scaled based on one or more scoring standards for the first prompt. A scaled automated score may be assigned for a second essay response to the first prompt based on the scaled automated scores for the one or more first essay responses.

Abstract: A computerized method and system for creating test items by generating variants from a test item model, comprising the steps of creating a new test item model by identifying elements of an initial test item or test item model to be variabilized, variabilizing the elements thereby creating test item variables, indicating values the variables can assume, defining the variables, and generating test item variants utilizing a simultaneous constraint solver. The initial test item can be a pre-existing test item or test item model, a newly created test item or even a conceptual template in the mind of the test item creator. The generated test item variants are displayed to the test item creator. The test item creator can store and forward acceptable test item variants for later use as test items. Test item models can be stored for later use in generating new test item variants.

Abstract: A phonics training system provides immediate, audible and virtual answers to questions regarding various images such as objects, animals and people, posed by a user when the user views such images on a video display terminal of the system. The system can provide virtual answers to questions without the need for an instruction or teacher and includes a computer having a video output terminal and an electronic library containing common answers to basic questions. This system can also include an artificial intelligence system.

Abstract: The invention provides a method, system, and program product for preparing customized educational materials. The invention may include, for example, receiving input from a user regarding the user's preferences for educational materials, retrieving core educational materials from a repository, accepting dynamic educational materials, and assembling the customized educational materials using the core educational materials, the dynamic educational materials, and the user's preferences. The invention may further include scheduling the delivery of the customized educational materials to a user.

Abstract: A method for facilitating the identification of suitable object-wiping material and dispenser (10) therefor. The method includes the steps of: providing a questionnaire (50) with a plurality of questions (52, 54, 56), at least one (52, 56) of the plurality of questions relating to user requirements of the object-wiping material and at least a further (54) of the plurality of questions relating to the work situation of the user; providing for each question an exhaustive list of possible answers from which the user is to select at least one, and depending on the selected answers, providing a recommendation (58) of the type of object-wiping material and dispenser most suited to that user's needs.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for treating excessive or problematic computer use. In at least one embodiment, a method is employed to treat excessive or problematic computer use by acquiring information about the unwanted user activity, monitoring user activity for the unwanted behavior, controlling the behavior when it occurs, enabling the user to record self-observations and evaluating the results. This method may employ a computer based system to treat excessive or problematic computer use which includes configuring a user activity monitor with constraints, programmatically enforcing those constraints, reporting the activities monitored and restricted, and enabling a user to input self-observations. Potential constraints include a complete bar on the user activity, as well as, progressively decreasing the amount of time the user may engage in the activity, i.e. titrating the user activity.

Abstract: A system, method, and computer-readable medium are disclosed for the automated processing and scoring of applications. Application reader resources are selected to read and score individual categories of the application. The difference between the respective reader scores and an average delta value for each category of each application that the selected readers have previously score is calculated. The standard deviation of the average delta value for each category is calculated. If the selected reader's score for that category is not within one standard deviation of the average delta value, then the selected reader's score is adjusted the least amount necessary to be so.

Abstract: Computer-implemented method for enhancing the cognitive ability of a participant using face-name associations. A plurality of facial images of people are provided for visual presentation to the participant, each person having a name. A learning phase is performed, including concurrently presenting a first facial image of a person from the plurality of facial images, and the name of the person. A testing phase is then performed, including: presenting a second facial image of the person from the plurality of facial images, displaying a plurality of names, including the name of the person and one or more distracter names, requiring the participant to select the name of the person from the plurality of names, and determining whether the participant selected the name correctly. The learning phase and the testing phase are repeated one or more times in an iterative manner to improve the participant's cognition, e.g., face-name association skills.

Abstract: A system and method for preventing unauthorized access to copyrighted academic texts is provided in which trademark licenses, discussion boards, and grade content are integrated into a web-based system that aligns the interests of teaching professionals, students, and publishers while also enhancing the overarching academic mission to create and disseminate knowledge.

Abstract: An educational workbook for very young children of preschool and kindergarten age, as well as children who are somewhat older but do not have developed fine motor skills, which extends the advantages of U.S. Pat. No. 6,402,522 having a hand-held booklet containing a series of problems with color-coded selectable answers and flat answer card having movable colored clips and compatible to the booklet. The answer card is typically enclosed in the booklet and can serve as a bookmark. Children record their answers by placing the selected colored clips into the corresponding positions on the answer card. Children check their own work by comparing site-by-site the colors of the clips on their answer with the colors of the child-friendly images on the corresponding answer key. No pencil is used, answer keys are easily readable, and exercises can be repeated many times since there is no trace of earlier responses.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method and skills assessment tool for managing a testing session in a clinical skills testing center comprising a plurality of assessment stations. The method according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention includes configuring the plurality of assessment stations by associating each of the stations with a case type prior to the beginning of the testing session, receiving electronic identification of a student at one of a plurality of assessment stations prior to the student commencing an encounter at the one assessment station during the testing session, and, in response to receiving the student's identification, automatically assigning the student to the one assessment station for the encounter, where the encounter corresponds with the case type associated with the one assessment station.

Abstract: A system including electronic data collection for school officials, staff, and administrators is described. The data collection system can be integrated onto school management systems to interconnect information regarding data such as student academic records, student merits, student progress, student and teacher biographies, etc. The system assesses student, teacher, classroom, individual school, school district, and state performance in a variety of educational area; associates imputed educational data; and permits the cross-application querying of the educational data and access of the educational data in real-time. The system is intended to help school systems accomplish tasks such as managing work, monitoring student progress in real-time, and determining education trends, via data linkage in real-time.

Abstract: A learning device for students of all classes consisting of a virtual tutor. It comprises of hardware and software system with inbuilt internet. The tutor application is a software instructions executed in the central processing unit that reads the course contents stored in the hardware storage and gives the audio visual output to the learner. The device acts as an educational tool and provides assistance for assimilating the subject material. The device or system consists of inbuilt internet facility with internet browser and tracks user's activities. The user's activities get analyzed and user's profiling is generated for records and sent to parents. The device or system consists of search filter to prevent accessing of foul or irrelevant contents. Attachable Solar panels help operate the device when there is no electricity or in rural and remote regions where there is no electricity.

Abstract: There is provided a system and method for generating a plot of a digital print. According to an exemplary embodiment, a method includes presenting a micro event of the digital print, the digital print having a plurality of micro events, each micro event having a plurality of outcomes and polling for user input for the micro event while presenting the micro event. The method further includes determining an outcome of the micro event based on the polling for user input and selecting a scenario from a scenario map based on the outcome of said micro event. Finally, the method includes generating a storyline of the plot based on the scenario selected from the scenario map.

Abstract: A system and method for certifying a trainee to use a device is disclosed. The system and method include a testing computer configured to create an answer log containing at least one answer given by the trainee to at least one question of a certification test and a centralized grading server in communication with the testing computer, the centralized grading server configured to receive the answer log from the testing computer, evaluate the answer log to determine if the trainee has passed the certification test, and provide a license file providing a license file if the trainee passes the certification test.

Abstract: Dynamic systems and methods for gathering/tracking data, automatically adapting to an individual's pace of learning, selectively determining the type and difficulty of content provided to an individual, selectively providing an exposure frequency for the content, and/or enabling rapid design modifications within the educational environment. Educational content is dynamically designed/developed and customizably presented to an individual learner. An analysis is performed on the data to optimize learning. Modifications are selectively or automatically made to the educational content. The process of designing, implementing, analyzing, and selectively modifying creates a cycle that optimizes the learning process and adapts to groups and individual learners with the goal of improving learning outcomes and efficiency. Furthermore, the educational content is dynamically provided to the learner on an iterative basis according to the need of that learner in the learning process.

Abstract: A web-based educational system comprising at least one area of skill, interest, or expertise, a plurality of activities associated with each area of skill, interest, or expertise, and at least three navigational modes, wherein the navigational modes comprise a sequenced navigational mode, a guided navigational mode, and an independent navigational mode. Optionally, the learner can switch between available navigational modes.

Abstract: An educational system assembling platform comprising a digital processing device connected to a computer network and a computer program, provided to said digital processing device via said network. The digital processing device comprises an operating system configured to perform executable instructions, a central processing unit, a memory device, a display, an input device, and a sound output device. The computer program includes executable instructions that create an educational environment. The educational environment comprises at least one area of skill, interest, or expertise, a plurality of learning activities associated with each area of skill, interest, or expertise, and a mentor guided learning mode.

Abstract: An e-learning system that provides a customized e-learning experience for a user. Information is received from a user identifying the user's learning objectives. Based upon the user's objectives, a study plan that is customized for the user is developed. The study plan may comprise one or more course units that the user can access through a server using a client system used by the user. User activity is monitored, including the user's activity within the e-learning system and outside the e-learning system. Information is recorded regarding the user's progress and performance. This information is used to modify the study plan, as appropriate for the user.

Abstract: An educational maze navigated through responses to questions provided at points in the maze enhances factual assimilation and retention for the user. The user selects responses to travel through the maze and is not immediately informed whether the selected responses are correct. Various indications can be provided to inform the user about the correctness of responses or whether they are on a path towards the maze exit. The indications may be dead ends, loops, suggested reference materials or other information that tends to assist the user in assimilating facts or navigating the maze. The user may receive a reward for providing correct responses or successfully completing the maze. The problem-solving and cognitive judgment skills applied to navigate the maze tends to help users assimilate and retain the factual information represented by the queries and responses.

Abstract: Systems, program products, and methods of curriculum planning are provided. An embodiment of a system includes instructional course instructions, responsive to user input commands, to associate one of several instructional courses with one of several teachers, calendar instructions, responsive to user input commands, to create a calendar schedule and assign the instructional course to a date and time for display on the calendar schedule, lesson-plan assignment instructions, responsive to the calendar schedule and user input commands, to assign one of several lesson-plans to the instructional course at the date and time on the calendar schedule, and lesson-plan indicator instructions, responsive to the calendar schedule and lesson-plan data, indicating whether the instructional course for the date and time has been assigned a completed lesson.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided to implement an advisory services network that enables organizations to identify complex business problems from apparent business problems, immerse a diverse group of people in the businesses of the organizations, and promote collaboration to develop viable solutions to the complex business problems. An enterprise organization can supply case studies of real-life scenarios, data, ethnographic interviews to convey multiple views of problematic areas, etc., to enable members of the diverse group of people to immerse themselves into the problem space, participate in creative communications, such as discussions, and brainstorm potential solutions. Further, the advisory services network can include a gaming platform on which instances of serious games can be developed and deployed.

Abstract: A method is provided for creating a foundational instructional design model for shareable content object (SCO) by pre-defining a semantically structured reusable learning type (RLT), and joining individual or repeated RLT's with sequence or choice indicators to form an instructional design model. The instructional design model is itself a semantically structured document that can be used and reused to create SCOs.

Abstract: A system for assigning one or more teachers for teaching in one or more learning sessions comprises an online learning system having one or more nodes that creates one or more online learning sessions having corresponding student/teacher ratios. A scheduling node schedules the one or more teachers for teaching the one or more online learning sessions. A database stores teacher qualification parameters associated with the student/teacher ratio of one or more learning sessions. A processing node adjusts a teacher qualification parameter associated with a teacher based on the number of scheduled learning sessions and corresponding student/teacher ratio of such learning sessions associated with the teacher. The scheduling node schedules the teacher for one or more online learning sessions having a student/teacher ratio that corresponds to the adjusted qualification parameter of the teacher.

Abstract: A system and method for automated assessment of constrained constructed responses provides for automatic, e.g., programmatic, assessing of a test subject response to a constrained constructed response item or question. In one embodiment, paper test materials with test subject markings thereon are converted to electronic form. Test subject markings are further isolated, for example, by registration, sizing and removal of markings other than a graphic response. The subject markings are further compared with a baseline response, correctness deviation criteria and incorrectness deviation criteria (e.g., correctness, incorrectness, substantial correctness, substantial incorrectness, and so on) from which one or more of a score, further learning or other assessment results may be determined. Cluster analysis or other post-evaluation or post-assessment processing may also be conducted, or re-evaluation or re-assessment may also be conducted.

Abstract: The present invention educates about loss prevention through a learning and teaching program that certifies trainees in teaching English, MIDI, and loss prevention. Through learning English and MIDI, a trainee can help a safer community by increasing driver safety awareness and reducing crime by gaining knowledge about civil rights. The present invention also allows trainees to learn through one-on-one apprenticeships with working professionals and therefore obtain job training much earlier than traditional schooling. Also, the academy helps trainees learn self-control and self-expression through their various learning and educating techniques.

Abstract: An adjustable hierarchical scoring method is disclosed. A hierarchical scoring structure for speech-sound data is generated. Historical data of speech-sound scoring for the speech-sound data is retrieved from a speech-sound practice database while a professional scoring result for the hierarchical scoring structure of the speech-sound data is being collected. A weight-adjusting operation is performed according to the historical data of speech-sound scoring and the professional scoring result to calculate optimum adjusting weights for each layer of the hierarchical scoring structure. Retrieved speech-sound data of a student is scored using a speech-sound scoring system and a weighted average operation is performed to the score of the speech-sound data of the student according to a corresponding adjusting weight, thereby generating the final score of the speech-sound data of the student.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method, a computer program product, and a system are provided. A plurality of multi-level cognitive exercises are provided to an individual. Each of the multi-level cognitive exercises includes at least one task to perform. The individual is requested to respond to a cognitive exercise in the plurality of cognitive exercises by performing the at least one task contained in the cognitive exercise. A response provided by the individual to the cognitive exercise is monitored. Based on the monitoring, a determination is made whether the individual performed the at least one task at a predetermined performance level, wherein the performance level is defined by the at least one task contained in the cognitive exercise. Based on the determining, the individual is requested to perform at least another task. At least one activity for the individual to perform is generated. The at least one activity is based on responses to the multi-level cognitive exercises by the individual.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and method of identifying clinical competencies to be completed by a healthcare student in a computerized environment. The method receives an academic unit of time for a healthcare student and identifies one or more corresponding clinical competencies for the academic unit of time to be satisfied by the student.

Abstract: A computer-implemented system and method for presenting video with time-indexed discussion comprising program instructions stored in memory. The program instructions are executable by a computer processor to store a video on a video server, and store at least one discussion on a database, each discussion being associated with a video time index. The video is streamed from the video server to a user device. At least one discussion is transmitted for display on the user's device when the video time is within a pre-specified range of the video time index for the discussion to be displayed.

Abstract: A system for educational assessment without testing is provided that includes one or more client systems that are connected to a network allowing students or school officials to communicate with an education framework that performs and manages educational assessment. The one or more client systems issue a message to the education framework requesting a task to be performed. The educational assessment is administered independent of one or more educators so as to avoid interruption of instruction time. A server system receives the message and the education framework proceeds to process the contents of the message. The education framework includes a plurality of programming modules being executed on the server system that provides to educators specific information used for the educational assessment based on the contents of the message.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and program product are provided for optimizing a training regimen to achieve performance goals. Historical training data is provided. At least one training regimen is defined. A training objective is selected for at least one training regimen to optimize. The training regimen is optimized by computing an initial training regimen solution and computing a neighbor solution at a distance from the initial training regimen solution. The neighbor solution is compared to the initial training regimen solution. If the neighbor solution is determined to be a better solution than the initial training regimen solution, the initial training regimen solution is replaced with the neighbor solution. The distance is updated per a schedule to compute a next neighbor solution.

Abstract: Core competencies of a participant, such as an employee, is assessed using a competency assessment tool. A developer defines core competencies for any of a variety of topics and develops questions and demonstrative tasks for respective learning objectives under the core competencies. Participants, in turn, perform the demonstrative tasks that are evaluated by an observer and provide responds to the questions. A score is calculated based on the evaluation and response to determine how well the participant exhibits the learning objectives and the competency of the participant is assessed, which is communicated to the participant. A recommendation is made to an administrator to create a development plan when the participant's score falls below a predetermined threshold. In certain embodiments, the participant is a subject matter expert that validates a nexus between the learning objectives and the questions and demonstrative tasks.

Abstract: Creating and executing real-time psychological experiments with sub-millisecond time precision uses a Hierarchical Experiment Spreadsheet (HES) providing a hierarchical data structure and interface. The user adds/modifies experiment levels in a spreadsheet multilevel table representation. New objects and properties are added while maintaining the hierarchical structure of the experiment and prohibiting user corruption of the experiments hierarchical structure. A Time Event Queue Manager (TEQM) provides precision timing using event pre-release synchronization, compensating for timing errors produced by the personal computer operating system and enabling sub-millisecond time precision.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method, system and computer program product for administering learning objects within a learning management system. In the invention, a learner can select various learning materials in the system, known as “learning objects”, and can aggregate these learning objects in a special category or “learning folder” directly on the system. The learning folders can be separate from an existing course catalog of learning objects. Each learner can establish and delete learning folders, and can modify each learning folder by adding or removing learning objects to and from the folder. Finally, while each learning folder created by a user can at first only be accessed by the user, a user can allow other learners in the system to access the folder by establishing a “learning link” for the folder, which dictates which other learners can access the learning folder.