Abstract: There is disclosed an improved poppy straw of a stably reproducing Papaver somniferum for the extraction of thebaine and/or oripavine, the threshed straw having thebaine and oripavine constituting about 50% by weight or greater of the alkaloid combination consisting of morphine, codeine, thebaine and oripavine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing 7-methoxy-3-desacetylcefalotin by a hydrolysis process which takes place in water and is catalyzed by an enzyme obtained from Bacillus pumulis possessing acetyl hydrolasic activity.

Abstract: Novel isolated DNA sequences which comprise all or part of a gene cluster encoding sanglifehrin synthase, processing and regulatory genes involved in the biosynthesis of a mixed non-ribosomal peptide/polyketide compound, or mutants having altered biosynthetic capability, polypeptides or mutants thereof encoded by DNA or the mutants, vectors containing the DNA or the mutants thereof, host cells transformed with the DNA, the mutants thereof, or the vector, and a method for producing sanglifehrin compounds. Compounds with cyclophilin inhibition activity used as immunosuppressants, antivirals or cardiac protection agents.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a new strain of Streptomyces sp. BICC 7522, its variants or mutants and use of the strain for the production of macrolides, process of production and purification of macrolides.

Abstract: The present invention provides polypeptides that participate in the biosynthesis of the pladienolide macrolide compounds, DNA that encodes these polypeptides and variants of this DNA, transformants that maintain all or a portion of this DNA or variant thereof, and a method of producing the pladienolide macrolide compounds using these transformants. More particularly, it provides an isolated pure DNA that contains at least one region encoding a polypeptide that participates in pladienolide biosynthesis; polypeptide encoded by this DNA; a self-replicating or integrated-replicating recombinant plasmid carrying this DNA; a transformant maintaining this DNA; and a method of producing a pladienolide, characterized by culturing this transformant on culture medium and collecting pladienolide from this culture medium.

Abstract: A species of Burkholderia sp with no known pathogenicity to vertebrates but with pesticidal activity (e.g., plants, insects, fungi, weeds and nematodes) is provided. Also provided are natural products derived from a culture of said species and methods of controlling pests using said natural products.

Abstract: Methods for preferentially hydrolyzing one stereoisomer of an isoxazoline diester over another, as well as an enzyme for facilitating the preferential hydrolysis are provided. Also provided are methods for providing mixtures of (RR) and (RS) monatin as well as (SS) and (SR) monatin, which methods can include the step of stereoselectively hydrolyzing an isoxazoline diester.

Abstract: Herein provided are a lignin-decomposition catalyst and an aromatic hydrocarbon-decomposition catalyst, which contain a porphyrin. Alcohols and organic acids can be isolated or separated from lignin by adding a solution containing an alkaline compound to lignin, optionally acting a lignin-decomposition catalyst on the resulting lignin-alkaline compound-containing solution and optionally irradiating, with light rays, the solution; or by optionally acting a lignin-decomposition catalyst on lignin and then irradiating it with light rays. The decomposition products generated during the isolation of the foregoing alcohols and organic acids are recovered and hydrogen ions are released from lignin.

Abstract: Recombinant bacteria for producing deoxyviolacein and uses thereof are provided, wherein the recombinant bacteria is obtained by introducing the deoxyviolacein synthesis-related gene cluster into Escherichia coli BL21-CodonPlus (DE3)-RIL or Pseudomonas putida mt-2. The deoxyviolacein synthesis-related gene cluster is obtained by knocking out VioD gene from the violacein synthesis-related gene cluster composed of VioA, VioB, VioC, VioD and VioE, and the nucleotide sequence is as shown in the SEQ ID NO: 1 in the sequence listing. A method for producing deoxyviolacein by fermenting the recombinant bacteria to produce deoxyviolacein by using L-tryptophan as substrate is provided. The method has high efficiency of deoxyviolacein production, the deoxyviolacein produced is convenient to be extracted, and simple to be separated and purified.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to processes for preparing a pyridyl piperidine compound which is an antagonist of orexin receptors, and which is useful in the treatment or prevention of neurological and psychiatric disorders and diseases in which orexin receptors are involved.

Abstract: The present invention relates to epothilones C, D, E, and F, their preparation and their use for the production of therapeutic compositions and compositions for plant protection.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing compounds of formula (I) and (VII); said process comprising the steps of: a) subjecting a compound of formula (II) to an enzymatic diastereomeric resolution in the presence of a suitable amount of enzyme chosen from Pig Liver Esterase or Porcine Pancreatic Lipase b) recovering said compounds of formula (I) and (VII). The invention also provides a process for producing compounds of formula (III) and (X); said process comprising the steps of: a) subjecting a compound of formula (IV) to an enzymatic diastereomeric resolution in the presence of a suitable amount of enzyme chosen from Candida Antarctica “A” lipase, Candida Antarctica “B” lipase, Candida Lypolitica Lipase or Rhizomucor Miehei Lipase b) recovering said compound of formula (III) and (X).

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a 2-deoxyribose-5-phosphate aldolase (DERA) chemoenzymatic process for making chiral compounds.

Abstract: This invention provides, a novel polyphenol compound having lipase inhibitory activity derived from tealeaves, a process for the preparation of the compound, and foods and/or beverages and pharmaceutical drugs containing the compound. Particularly, this invention provides a novel dimer compound of formula: obtained by oxidative polymerization of epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, a main catechin component of oolong tea, with a tealeaf enzyme (polyphenol oxidase), as well as foods and/or beverages and pharmaceutical compositions containing said novel compound which suppress absorption of dietary lipids and suppresses increase of blood triglyceride.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for the preparation of insecticidal compositions.

Abstract: Methods for producing biliverdin in a microorganism, methods for producing biliverdin from a non-animal source, cells for producing biliverdin and methods for producing cells for producing biliverdin are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods for preparing polymers from multifunctional azides and multifunctional azide-reactants are described in the present disclosure. Exemplary multifunctional azide-reactants include multifunctional alkynes and/or multifunctional ?-phosphine esters. In certain embodiments, such polymers can be prepared in vivo. Such polymers can be useful in a wide variety of biomedical applications.

Abstract: Known microbiological methods are based upon the application of pigment-forming bacteria, in particular Chromobacterium violaceum. The yield of these methods is very low, however, so that large industrial applications are not possible. However, in many fields of industry, there exists a very great demand for natural blue dyes which are substantially suitable for human digestion, which cannot be satisfied at present. Therefore, the method in accordance with the invention is characterized by the application of the newly discovered marine sediment bacterium Pseudoalteromonas species of the “Black Beauty” strain (originally deposited under file number DSM 13623 with the Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH., Braunschweig, Germany pursuant to the Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure). Compared to conventional methods, this marine sediment bacterium leads to an about thirteen-fold yield.

Abstract: A method for producing an optically active compound includes reacting a nucleophile with a mixture of R- and S-stereoisomers of an azolide substrate by enzyme-catalyzed kinetic resolution so as to produce the optically active compound, wherein the azolide substrate contains an azole group used as a leaving group and an acyl group directly bonded to a nitrogen atom of the azole group.

Abstract: An enzyme capable of reducing the antibiotic activity (i.e., toxicity) of streptothricin with respect to eukaryotic cells without sacrificing antibiotic activity with respect to prokaryotic cells is provided along with a streptothricin derivative having reduced toxicity with respect to eukaryotic cells while retaining antibiotic activity with respect to prokaryotic cells, and a manufacturing method thereof. By opening the lactam ring of streptothricin, a protein having the amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 or 16 of the invention can reduce the antibiotic activity of streptothricin D with respect to eukaryotic cells without sacrificing antibiotic activity with respect to prokaryotic cells.

Abstract: A method of generating synthetic metabolites of CCI-779 is provided. Five novel CCI-779 derivatives are described, as are methods of using these derivatives for detecting CCI-779 metabolites in samples.

Abstract: The present invention provides a transformed cell which is transformed by at least one gene of enzymes participating in biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin and a process for the production of a biopterin compound using the same. In accordance with the present invention, the biopterin compound can be produced in large quantities in an industrial advantageous manner from less expensive materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a co-culture method of Sphingomonas sp. bacterial strain and Aspergillus sp. fungus strain, in which the novel Sphingomonas sp. bacterial strain KMK-001 is cultured in a liquid medium and the novel Aspergillus sp. strain KMC-901 separately cultured in another liquid medium is added to the above culture solution, a novel glionitrin biosynthesized therefrom and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the said glionitrin or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt as an active ingredient. The glionitrin herein has strong cytotoxic effect on cancer cells and has antibiotic effect on 10 pathogenic bacteria including the novel Sphingomonas sp. bacterial strain KMK-001, so that it can be effectively applied in antibiotics or anti-cancer agents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved methods for the production, isolation and purification of epothilone B. These methods include, for example, a fermentation process for the production of epothilone B, isolation via adsorption onto a resin, and subsequent purification.

Abstract: A method of producing riboflavin by culturing riboflavin-producing microbes in a culture medium using a plant oil or an animal oil as a carbon source, forming and accumulating riboflavin therein and collecting riboflavin therefrom, wherein a carrier of a clay mineral having oil-adsorbing property, a chemically treated product thereof or a calcium compound is made present in the culture medium. The riboflavin is produced maintaining a high yield and at an increased production rate at a low cost without requiring cumbersome operations for concentrating and recovering the riboflavin. It is further allowed to recover the riboflavin by effectively utilizing the waste plant oil or the waste animal oil that is to be disposed of.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a new strain of Streptomyces sp. BICC 7522, its variants or mutants and use of the strain for the production of macrolides, process of production and purification of microlides.

Abstract: The invention provides new substantially pure antibiotics designated AC-98-1, AC-98-2, AC-98-3, AC-98-4 and AC-98-5 derived from the microorganism Streptomyces hygroscopicus.

Abstract: It is intended to provide a natural biodegradable material having both properties of biodegradability and mechanical strength; a biodegradable film or container produced from the natural biodegradable material; a binder for producing the biodegradable material; and a method for producing these. A natural polymeric substance which has a cellulose-like property of having hydroxy group which is not present in a petroleum-derived polymeric compound, and which moreover has a polypropylene-like structure is obtained by the steps of using a cereal starch such as Kaoliang starch as a culture raw material, adding a microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus to the raw material to conduct a culture, and recovering a viscous polymeric substance. A biodegradable material having biodegradability comparable to that of cellulose and also having a mechanical strength property of polypropylene can be obtained by using the natural polymeric substance as a binder and mixing starch and/or shell powder thereto.

Abstract: This disclosure describes the molecular cloning of an enduracidin biosynthetic gene cluster from Streptomyces fungicidicus, and characterization of individual genes in the gene cluster and the proteins encoded thereby. An enduracidin gene cluster is located within a 116 kilobases genetic locus and includes 25 open reading frames (ORFs). An additional 23 ORFs flank the disclosed enduracidin biosynthetic gene cluster Enduracidin analogs and a method for producing them by manipulation of the enduracidin gene cluster and specific genes therein are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the biocatalyst-mediated enantioselective conversion of enantiomeric mixtures of hydrophobic esters using a biphasic solvent system. More particularly, the present invention relates to the enzyme-mediated enantioselective synthesis of anti-viral compounds, such as 2-hydroxymethyl-5-(5-fluorocytosin-1-yl)-1,3-oxathiolane (FTC) and its analogues, in a non-homogenous reaction system.

Abstract: The disclosure describes the production of anticancer agent LL-D45042, having the structure: by fermentation, to methods for the recovery and concentration of this anticancer agent from crude solutions, and to processes for the purification of this anticancer agent as well as a new microorganism of the species Streptomyces hygroscopicus LL-D45042 and mutants thereof useful in the preparation of this compound.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a chemoenzymatic process for the preparation of an iminocyclitol corresponding to formula (I), (II), (III) or (IV), wherein: R1 and R2 are the same or different, and independently selected from the group consisting of: H, OH, hydroxymethyl, methyl, ethyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, 2-methylbutyl, and benzyl; R3 is selected from the group consisting of: H, hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, ethyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, dodecyl, isobutyl, isopropyl, isopentyl, 2-methylbutyl, benzyl, and phenylethyl; n: 0 or 1; the process comprising: (i) an aldol addition catalyzed by a D-fructose-6-phosphate aldolase enzyme (FSA) and an acceptor aminoaldehyde; and (ii) an intramolecular reductive amination of the addition adduct obtained in step (i) with H2, in the presence of a metallic catalyst, optionally being carried out said step (ii) in the presence of an aldehyde of formula R3—CHO, wherein R3 is as defined above.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sahnosporamide A composition and methods of making salinosporamide A and analogs thereof. The present invention also relates to methods of identifying 2OS proteasome inhibiting agents.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for producing polymers in a microscale device. The system utilizes a symmetrically branched system of microchannels interconnecting a plurality of loading decks and re-action chambers. The fluid flow is manipulated by the placement of capillary check valves, mixing areas, and microcomb filters. The system provides for cascading enzymatic biosynthesis pathways wherein any variety of enzymes and reactants can be introduced into the system to produce a final product.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds having the following Formula IA and IB, which are useful as MCHR1 antagonists, and includes prodrugs and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof:

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the development of a highly efficient solid state matrix by the activation of acrylate based polymer resin having specialized functional groups with 1,1-Carboxyl diimidazole for immobilizing biologically active macromeloecules such as oxidases, in particular plant oxidases and the most preferred being tea polyphenol oxidase through indirect covalent bonding/cross linking on such activated polymer resin support, are thermally stable, gives very high number of turnovers in vitro (“n” times) with tea substrate forming exclusive product Theaflavins without any loss of biological activity and leaving the product remaining in vitro with adherence to matrix rendering the matrix safe towards product poisoning and subsequent partial or complete loss of biological activity of the matrix bound enzyme system and thus well adapted to and well suited biorectors based on such systems.

Abstract: Methods for the synthesis of regiospecific rapamycin 42-hemiesters and regiospecific FK506 32-esters with dicarboxylic acids is described. The methods involve catalyzing the reaction between a rapamycin or a FK-506 and a dicarboxylic anhydride or a bifunctional activated ester of dicarboxylic acid with a lipase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing an optically active 4-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline compound [I], which comprises the steps of: treating a racemic 4-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline compound represented by general formula [I]: [wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a protecting group for amino group.] with an enzyme having an ability of selectively or preferentially acylating one enantiomer of the racemic compound [I] in the presence of an acyl donor; and if necessary, subjecting the reaction product to solvolysis.

Abstract: The present invention provides polypeptides that participate in the biosynthesis of the pladienolide macrolide compounds, DNA that encodes these polypeptides and variants of this DNA, transformants that maintain all or a portion of this DNA or variant thereof, and a method of producing the pladienolide macrolide compounds using these transformants. More particularly, it provides an isolated pure DNA that contains at least one region encoding a polypeptide that participates in pladienolide biosynthesis; polypeptide encoded by this DNA; a self-replicating or integrated-replicating recombinant plasmid carrying this DNA; a transformant maintaining this DNA; and a method of producing a pladienolide, characterized by culturing this transformant on culture medium and collecting pladienolide from this culture medium.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing thiamin products using a microorganism containing a mutation that causes it to overproduce and release thiamin products into the medium. Biologically pure cultures of the microorganisms and isolated polynucleotides containing the mutations are also provided. In addition, methods for detecting a pathogenic microorganism in a clinical sample, assays for identifying an antibiotic, as well as, antibiotics identified by such assays are provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a recombinant Penicillium chrysogenum strain characterized in that a gene selected from the list consisting of penDE, pcbAB and pcbC is inactivated and the use of such a strain for the preparation of a compound of interest.

Abstract: The present invention provides cyclic hexadepsipeptides and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates and prodrugs, and methods for obtaining the compounds, by fermentation, optionally followed by post-biosynthesis chemical modification. The present invention further provides uses of cyclic hexadepsipeptides, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates and prodrugs as pharmaceuticals, in particular to their use as antibacterial, antifungal or antineoplastic agents, and to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a cyclic hexadepsipeptide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, together with a carrier.

Abstract: A genetically modified microorganism capable of directly producing a 16-hydroxylated macrolide compound; and a process for producing a 16-hydroxylated macrolide compound using the microorganism. Specifically, a genetically modified microorganisms having DNA encoding a polypeptide involved in the biosynthesis of a macrolide compound pladienolide and DNA encoding a polypeptide having a pladienolide 16-hydroxylase activity; and a process for producing a 16-hydroxylated macrolide compound comprising the steps of culturing the genetically modified microorganism in a culture medium and collecting a 16-hydroxylated macrolide compound from the culture medium.

Abstract: Host cells comprising recombinant vectors encoding the FK-520 polyketide synthase and FK-520 modification enzymes can be used to produce the FK-520 polyketide. Recombinant DNA constructs comprising one or more FK-520 polyketide synthase domains, modules, open reading frames, and variants thereof can be used to produce recombinant polyketide synthases and a variety of different polyketides with application as pharmaceutical and veterinary products.

Abstract: An antioxidant material of the present invention contains flavonoid aglycon and vitamin C. The flavonoid aglycon is eriodictyol and/or diosmetin obtained by treatment of a raw material containing flavonoid glycoside derived from lemons, limes, or sudachis to form the aglycones thereof. It is preferred that this antioxidant material be produced through a step of mixing the flavonoid aglycon and the vitamin C after the treatment to form the aglycones. The treatment to form the aglycones is glycosidase treatment using a ?-glycosidase derived from a microorganism of the genus Aspergillus or Penicillium multicolor, or microbial fermentative treatment using a microorganism of the genus Aspergillus. An anti-deterioration agent and a food or beverage of the present invention contain the antioxidant material.

Abstract: Invented are non-peptide TPO mimetics. Also invented is a method of treating thrombocytopenia, in a mammal, including a human, in need thereof which comprises administering to such mammal an effective amount of a selected hydroxy-1-azobenzene derivative.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing a biocompatible, water-soluble oligo/polyflavanoid, includes polymerizing an optionally substituted flavanoid with a polymerization agent in the presence of a biocompatible polymerization solubilizer, thereby producing the biocompatible, soluble oligo/polyflavanoid. Also included is a biocompatible, soluble, oligo/polyflavanoid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or complex thereof. Also included are methods of treating a subject for cancer, cardiac damage, viral infection, and obesity.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides compounds that may be used as chromogens, fluorochromes, or as both. Said compounds may further be used as substrate for at least one enzyme, wherein said enzyme is capable of processing an aromatic amine group (—NH2), an aromatic hydroxyl group (—OH), or an aromatic phosphate group (—PO4). Furthermore, the present disclosure also provides methods for precipitating said compounds as well as methods for detecting a target using said compounds. Even further, kits comprising said compounds are disclosed. Said compounds may be used in any method utilizing a fluorochrome, a chromogen, or both.

Abstract: The invention relates to genes involved in the biosynthesis of thiocoraline and to the heterologous production of same. According to the invention, the cluster of genes responsible for the biosynthesis of thiocoraline was identified and cloned. Said cluster of genes can be used in the heterologous production of thiocoraline which has an antitumor and antibacterial activity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved methods for the production, isolation and purification of epothilone B. These methods include, for example, a fermentation process for the production of epothilone B, isolation via adsorption onto a resin, and subsequent purification.