Abstract: A method for selecting hyper-producing strains of streptovaricin C by culturing streptomyces spectabilis and separating the asporogenous colonies. The asporogenous colonies are then separately cultured and tested for streptovaricin productivity. Those colonies having the highest productivity may then be easily selected.

Abstract: Antiparasitic compounds of formula (I): ##STR1## The broken line at the 22-23 position representing an optional double bond and either R.sup.1 is H or OH and the double bond is absent or the double bond is present and R.sup.1 is absent; R.sup.2 is optionally substituted phenyl, or a group of formula (II): ##STR2## wherein X is O, S or --CH.sub.2 --, abc and d are 0-2 and a+b+c+d.ltoreq.5 R.sup.3 is H or MeR.sup.4 is H, OH or 4'-(alpha-L-oleandrosyl)-alpha-L-oleandrosyloxy.The compounds are prepared by fermentation of Streptomyces avermitilis in the presence of an N-alkanoyl cysteamine thioester containing R.sup.2.

Abstract: A system for the production of biotin wherein a biotin retention-deficient strain of a cell is transformed with plasmid bearing the biotin gene cluster bio (A, B, F, C and D). The media of cultures of the resulting cells contains enhanced amounts of biotin by comparison with similar constructions in strains capable of biotin retention.

Abstract: This invention relates to new agents designated LL-F28249.alpha., LL-F28249.beta., LL-F28249.gamma., LL-F28249.delta., LLF28249.epsilon., LL-F28249.zeta., LL-F28249.eta., LL-F28249.theta., LL-F28249.iota., LL-F28249.kappa., LL-F28249.lambda., LL-F28249.mu., LL-F28249.nu., and LL-F28249.omega., to their production by fermentation, to methods for their recovery and concentration from crude solutions, to processes for their purification and to pharmaceutically and pharmacologically-acceptable salts thereof. The present invention includes within its scope the biologically pure culture which produces there agents, derived from a newly-discovered and previously uncultured microorganism, Streptomyces cyaneogriseus subsp. noncyanogenus, NRRL 15773.

Abstract: A microbiological process for the oxidation of methyl groups in aromatic 5- or 6-member ring heterocycles to the corresponding carboxylic acid. The heterocycle serves as the substrate and exhibits no substituent on the carbon atoms adjacent to the methyl groups to be oxidized. The reaction of the heterocycle takes place by means of microorganisms of the genus Pseudomonas utilizing toluene, xylene, or cymene. The enzymes of the microorganisms have been previously induced.

Abstract: A novel fermentation product, DC113, represented by the formula ##STR1## which has antimicrobial and antitumor activities.

Abstract: In a process for polymerizing monomers with free-radical initiators in aqueous solution to produce polymers useful in oil field applications, wherein said polymerization process employs an oxygen-scavenging agent, the improvement which comprises employing said oxygen scavenging agent and oxidase enzyme with a substrate therefor, optionally with a catalase, such as alcohol oxidase and methanol, to consume dissolved oxygen in a polymerization admixture. Oxygen-scavenging under field conditions with the oxidase/substrate system permits consistent production conveniently of water based polymer solutions of good viscosity for oil field applications.

Abstract: This disclosure describes novel antibacterial agents designated LL-E10985.alpha., LL-E19085.beta., LL-E19085.gamma., LL-E19085.gamma. and LL-E19085.zeta., having the structure: ##STR1## their production by aerobic fermentation of a new subspecies of Micromonospora citrea NRRL 18351 and mutants thereof, and the isolation and purification thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates, in particular, to a DNA sequence corresponding to one of the following genes involved in the chain of biotin biosynthesis in bacteria: bioA gene, bioD gene, bioF, bioC and bioH gene.Vectors containing these sequences enable other microorganisms to be transformed in order to improve the production of biotin.

Abstract: Nosiheptide is recovered from a cultivation mixture obtained by cultivating a Nosiheptide-producing strain of Streptomyces by adding a water-miscible organic solvent, removing mycelia, precipitating Nosiheptide by adding water, which may be acidified, and recovering the Nosiheptide.

Abstract: The invention relates to 1,8-dihydroxy-3-methylbenz[b]phenanthridine-7,12-dione and its derivatives of formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen or the radical of formula II ##STR2## and salts of the compound, wherein R.sup.1 is the radical of formula II. These compounds can be obtained by means of a novel microbiological process and used for the therapeutic treatment of tumors.

Abstract: A method of producing novel macrolides of the formula ##STR1## wherein R means ##STR2## in which n stands for an integer of 0-2 and m denotes an integer of 0 or 1, and R' denotes a methyl or ethyl group using Streptomyces hygroscopicus is described.

Abstract: Fermentation of the microorganism Streptomyces sp. (MA6750) ATCC No. 55042 in the presence of the Angiotensin II (A II) receptor antagonist of the following structure: ##STR1## yields an analog having a shikimate sugar-like moiety attached to the tetrazole, the said analog which is also an A II antagonist useful in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure and other indications known to respond to A II angatonists.

Abstract: Fermentation of the microorganism Streptomyces sp. MA6751 (ATCC No. 55043) in the presence of the Angiotensin II (A II) receptor antagonist ##STR1## yields an N2-tetrazole .beta.-glucuronide analog which is also an A II antagonist useful in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure and other indications known to respond to A II antagonists.

Abstract: A antibiotic L53-18A and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof which are useful for treatment of bacterial inventions are obtained by culturing, for example, Saccharopolyspora sp. L53-18 (FERM BP 2231) in a medium and the antibiotic accumulated therein is collected.

Abstract: A novel mutant strain of Morel mushroom has been found to produce the blue pigment indigo by submerged fermentation in a nutrient culture medium containing a carbon and a nitrogen substrate. A red/purple pigment is also produced. The novel strain is Morchella rotunda nov. ES-1 sp. ATCC 20951.

Abstract: Paraherquamide and dihydroparaherquamide, known compounds, are disclosed as having antiparasitic activity. The compounds are fungal metabolites isolated from the known fungus Penicillium paraherquei, and from a newly isolated strain of Penicillium charlesii. Compositions including paraherquamide and dihydroparaherquamide as the active ingredient thereof for antiparasitic uses against endo and ecto parasites are also disclosed, as well as processes for the preparation of paraherquamide from the newly isolated fungus.

Abstract: Incubation of 13-deoxy ivermectin aglycone with a species of B. subtilis and of S. griseus results in the production of 13-.beta. ivermectin monoglucopyranoside as the major product and of 5-.beta. ivermectin monoglucopyranoside as the minor product.

Abstract: The carE gene of Streptomyces thermotolerans has been isolated and used to construct recombinant DNA expression vectors. The carE gene encodes 4"-O-isovaleryl acylase activity important in the biosynthesis of a number of useful antibiotics. The carE gene can be used not only to construct recombinant cells with an increased ability to produce the acylase enzyme but also to construct recombinant cells with the ability to produce novel antibiotic compounds.

Abstract: Novel biotransformation compounds I, II, III and IV are prepared by fermenting 3-[(2'-tetrazol-5-yl-biphenyl-4-yl) methyl]-7-methyl-2-propyl-3H-imidzao [4,5-b]pyridine in a culture of Streptomyces sp., Accession Number ATCC 55041. ##STR1## These novel compounds are Angiotensin II antagonists useful in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure and other indications known to respond to A II antagonists.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for producing a novel antibiotic, 2"'-O-demethyltylosin. The novel antibiotic, utilizing recombinant DNA technology, can be produced from a transformed mutant of a tylosin producing microorganism. By transforming for example Streptomyces fradiae GS 16 with plasmid pHJL284, the transformant can produce 2"'-O-demethyltylosin. Streytomyces fradiae GS16 is a tylosin producing species that contain a mutation in the tylE gene found in the tylosin biosynthetic pathway. The tylE gene codes for demethylmacrocin 2"'-O-methyltransferase enzyme (DMOMT), the enzyme that methylates the 2-hydroxyl position of the 6-deoxyallose moiety. Plasmid pHJL284 contains the cloned tylF gene which codes for the macrocin 3"'-O-methyltransferase enzxyme (MOMT), the enzyme that methylates the 3"'-hydroxyl position, but it does not contain the tylE gene. Transformation of S.

Abstract: Pilocarpine is isolated from Pilocarpus from suspension cultures of from in vitro cultures of differentiated plants, where, to establish the in vitro cultures, specific culture media are used which differ in their hormone composition and which are used in a particular sequence.

Abstract: Fermentation of the microorganism Streptomyces sp.

Abstract: Novel biotransformation compounds I and II are prepared by fermenting 3-[(2'-tetrazol-5-yl-biphenyl-4-yl)methyl]-7-methyl-2-propyl-3H-imidazo[4, 5-b]pyridine in a culture of Actinoplanacete sp., Accession No. ATCC 53771.

Abstract: Fermentation of the microorganism Streptomyces sp. (MA6750) ATTC No. 55042 in the presence of the Angiotensin II (A II) receptor antagonist ##STR1## yields three analogs, each having a shikimate sugar-like moiety attached to the tetrazole, which are also A II antagonists useful in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure and other indications known to respond to A II antagonists.

Abstract: High titers of polyether antibiotics are obtained in a fermentation broth by inoculating a nutrient fermentation broth with a microorganism capable of producing a polyether antibiotic. Growth of the microorganism is established in the broth by incubating the inoculated broth at a physiologically acceptable temperature until pH of the broth begins to rise upon establishment of growth of the microorganism. A free fatty acid then is fed into the broth to achieve and maintain a free fatty acid concentration in the broth of about 0.1% by weight or greater but less than a level at which the free fatty acid is toxic to the microorganism. The free fatty acid is fed into the broth during the remainder of fermentation at about a rate at which the free fatty acid is consumed by the microorganism, to product high titers of the polyether antibiotic.

Abstract: An aqueous medium having dispersed therein hydrophobic, polyether antibiotic-containing droplets, is mixed to cause the droplets to collide with each other and coalesce to form agglomerates which are separable from the medium.

Abstract: A zinc complex of lysocellin is provided. The complex acts as a coccidiostat and growth-promoting agent when administered to poultry.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the preparation of a non-racemic furo [3,4-c] pyridine derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 stand for various substitutents, comprising adding a concentrated strong acid to a solution of a non-racemic compound of the formula II ##STR2## in an amount sufficient to catalyze a deprotection/cyclodehydration. These compounds are known antihypertensives.

Abstract: Polyether antibiotic material is liberated from agglomerates containing a lipid material and the polyether antibiotic material by separating the polyether antibiotic from the lipid through formation of an acid salt of the lipid and a desired acid salt of the polyether antibiotic. The agglomerates can be formed during fermentation or produced by adding lipids afterwards.

Abstract: The reaction of 3',4'-anhydrovinblastine with a Catharanthus roseus-derived protein fraction to form vinblastine is improved by conducting the reaction in the presence of a reducing agent such as the enzyme cofactor NADH. A cationic species such as manganous ion may also be added to the reaction. Vinblastine yields are enhanced.

Abstract: Antiparasitic milbemycin derivatives having at the C.25 position a substituted 2-propenyl group --C(CH.sub.3).dbd.CH--R.sup.2 wherein R.sup.2 is a C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group which may optionally contain an oxygen or sulphur atom as part of the chain, or a C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl group, or a 3 to 6 membered oxygen or sulphur containing heterocyclic ring which may optionally be substituted by one or more alkyl groups or halogen atoms; and process for their preparation.

Abstract: In a process for the reduction of ketones, the keto compounds are enantioselectively reduced to give secondary alcohols by means of microorganisms. Keto compounds of the formulaR.sup.3 NH--CHR.sup.1 --CO--CH.sub.2 --COOR.sup.2in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 have the meanings defined herein are used as starting compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel polycyclic alkaloids of formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 represents hydrogen or hydroxy, R.sup.2 represents hydrogen or acyl and A and B, independently of one another, each represents C.dbd.O or C--OH, and wherein the dashed line represents a C.dbd.C double bond at the position of the middle bond when A or B represents C.dbd.O, or at the position of the two outer bonds when A or B represents C--OH, a process for the manufacture of these compounds by fermentation of a novel microorganism of the species Myxococcus xanthus, the novel microorganism itself, pharmacetical preparations that contain the novel compounds, and the use of the novel compounds as antibiotics and as tumour-inhibiting agents and for the manufacture of pharmaceutical preparations.

Abstract: Addition of L-leucine ot the fermentation medium of Fusarium mutant NRRL 18365 increases the production of the trichothecenes neosolaniol, 8-propionyl-neosolaniol, and 8-isobutyryl-neosolaniol. These materials are useful as toxins for the production of or investigation of immunotoxins for cancer therapy.

Abstract: The present invention involves a purified bioactive compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein at least one of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are H or an acyl having less than about five carbon atoms. More specifically the preferred purified bioactive compound is (1R, 1R, 3R, 7S, 7aR)-3-hydroxymethyl-1,2,7-trihydroxypyrrolizidine.

Abstract: An antibiotic agent produced by the cultivation of Zalerion arboricola which is a cyclic lipopeptide with very high activity against human pathogens and of very low mammalian toxicity and its production and isolation are described.

Abstract: A new antitumor antibiotic designated BMY-41950 is produced by fermentation of Streptomyces staurosporeus ATCC 55006 or Streptomyces hygroscopicus ATCC 53730. The BMY-41950 antibiotic exhibits both antimicrobial and antitumor activities.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of colorants and/or active compounds by culturing a microorganism of the genus Monascus in a sterilizable fluidized-bed fermenter of low water content, such as was proposed in German Patent Application P 3,625,698.6. The fluidizable particle used here is the microorganism itself--in pellet form or grown on carriers--which can be supplied with nutrients by spraying in substrate solutions. The colorants and/or active compounds are isolated by extraction with organic solvents.

Abstract: Virginiamycin M.sub.1 having the Formula: ##STR1## and virginiamycin M.sub.1 analogs having the Formulae I-IV: ##STR2## Virginiamycin M.sub.1 and the analogs I-IV are antagonists of cholecystokinin (CCK) and gastrin. Cholecystokinin antagonists are useful as analgesics and in the treatment and prevention of disorders of the gastrointestinal, central nervous and appetite regulatory systems in animals, especially humans. Gastrin antagonists are useful in blocking the receptors for gastrin in humans and may function as agents for the treatment of ulcers, tumors or other gastrointestinal disorders. The compounds of Formulae I-IV are antibiotics and are useful as antimicrobial agents in animals including man and are useful as food additives to promote feed utilization in animals. Virginiamycin M.sub.1 and the analogs of Formula I, III and IV are produced by the controlled aerobic fermentation of a strain of Streptomyces olivaceus, ATCC No. 53527, while the analog of Formula II is produced by chemical synthesis.

Abstract: New glycopeptide antibiotic A80407, comprising A80407A and A80407B, is produced by Kibdelosporangium philippinensis strains NRRL 18198, and NRRL 18199 or A80407-producing mutants of these strains. The A80407 antibiotics have excellent activity against Gram-positive bacteria, increase feed-utilization efficiency in monogastric and ruminant animals and improve weight gains in animals.

Abstract: A process for the regiospecific and stereospecific hydroxylation of quinine, quinidine and their derivatives, in position 3S, is characterized by the use of certain microorganisms being reacted on the compound to be hydroxylated.

Abstract: There are disclosed a new process for production of pyrrolo-quinoline quinone, comprising culturing a bacterium belonging to the genus Paracoccus, Protaminobacter or Pseudomonas and capable of producing pyrrolo-quinoline quinone in a culture medium to produce the pyrrolo-quinoline quinone in the cultured broth, and recovering the pyrrolo-quinoline quinone from the cultured broth; and a new process for production of pyrrolo-quinoline quinone, comprising culturing a bacterium belonging to the genus Paracoccus, Protaminobacter or Pseudomonas and capable of producing the pyrrolo-quinoline quinone in a culture medium to form cultured cells, separating the cells from the cultured broth, resuspending the separated cells in a reaction medium containing precursors of the pyrrolo-quinoline quinone, incubating the reaction medium to produce the pyrrolo-quinoline quinone, and recovering the pyrrolo-quinoline quinone from the reaction medium.

Abstract: A new glycopeptide antibiotic UK-68,597 can be prepared by submerged aerobic propagation in aqueous nutrient media of Actinoplanes sp. ATCC 53533. The antibiotic and its cationic salts are active against a variety of microorganisms and are effective in controlling coccidiosis, enteritis, swine dysentery and theileriosis as well as being effective in promotion of growth and/or improving efficiency of feed utilization in poultry, swine and ruminants.

Abstract: The invention relates to cyclic antibiotics of formula ##STR1## wherein the prefix R represents that the substituents on the adjacent carbon atom are in the R configuration; the prefix S represents that the substituents on the adjacent carbon atom are in the S configuration; R.sub.1 is hydrogen or hydroxy and R.sub.2 is hydroxy or .beta.-glucopyranosyloxy, and to the hydrates and salts thereof, especially pharmaceutically acceptable salts.The compounds of formula I are prepared by fermentation using the strain So ce 12 (NCIB 12134) of the species Sorangium celulosum and are effective antiobiotics.

Abstract: Described is a process for producing a new immunosuppressant, "demethomycin" (L-682,993) a C-31 demethylated analog of L-679,934 under novel fermentation conditions utilizing the microorganism, Actinoplanacete sp., (Merck Culture Collection MA 6559) ATCC No. 53771. The macrolide immunosuppressant is useful in prevent human host rejection of foreign organ transplants, e.g. bone marrow and heart transplants.

Abstract: Described is a new immunosuppressant, L-685,487, a monodemethylated rearranged derivative of L-683,590, produced under fermentation conditions utilizing the microorganism, unidentified Actinomycete (Merck Cultrue Collection MA 6474) ATCC No. 53828. The macrolide immunosuppressant is useful in preventing human host rejection of foreign organ transplants, e.g. bone marrow and heart transplants.

Abstract: A fermentation process for preparing staurosporine, a known antibiotic, employing a heretofore unknown micrrorganism is described, said microorganism being classified as a novel strain of Streptomyces hygroscopicus being and herein designated Streptomyces hygroscopicus strain C39280-450-9 (ATCC 53730).

Abstract: Disclosed is cultured plant cell derived from tissues or cells of a plant belonging to Hydrocotyle genus (water-pennyworts) and Centella genus, a culture method therefor, and a blood coagulation component and an therapeutic agent for mental disease obtained the cultured plant cells.

Abstract: A process is claimed for the preparation of chanoclavine, characterized by cultivating the microorganism Claviceps spec. DSM 2837 and isolating the thus-formed chanoclavine after termination of fermentation.