Abstract: The novel 2-aminopurine derivatives disclosed herein which have a hydrogen atom in the 6-position and an acyclic chain ##STR1## in the 9-position [wherein X=O or S, Y=H or CH.sub.2 OR and R=H or ##STR2## wherein R.degree.=H, C.sub.1-16 alkyl (preferably C.sub.1-6 alkyl), optionally substituted aralkyl or optionally substituted aryl, provided at least one R is ##STR3## are converted in vivo by the action of xanthine oxidase/dehydrogenase or aldehyde oxidase and esterase enzymes into the corresponding 6-hydroxy compounds wherein R=H, which are potent antiviral compounds.

Abstract: S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine is produced by contacting adenosine with D-homocysteine in an aqueous medium in the presence of cells or treated cells of a microorganism of the genus Pseudomonas having the ability to racemize D-homocysteine to DL-homocysteine and in the presence of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase, to synthesize S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, and thereafter collecting it.

Abstract: There are provided antibiotics X-14873 A, G and H of the formulas ##STR1## wherein for X-14873A, R.sub.1 is CO.sub.2 H and R.sub.2 is ##STR2## for X-14873G, R.sub.1 is hydrogen and R.sub.2 is ##STR3## and for X-14873H, R.sub.1 is hydrogen and R.sub.2 is ##STR4## The compounds exhibit antibiotic activity. Also disclosed is a process to produce the above compounds.

Abstract: Novel antitumor antibiotics designated herein as albacarcins M and V are produced by fermentation of Streptomyces albaduncas strain C-38291 (ATCC 39151). The new antibiotics possess antibacterial activity and also inhibit the growth of mammalian tumors such as P388 leukemia in mice.

Abstract: A process for the stereospecific inversion of the [S] enantiomer of an .alpha.-aryloxypropionic acid of formula I: ##STR1## wherein G is OR.sup.1 or ##STR2## R.sup.1 is hydrogen or a protecting group and R.sup.2 is hydrogen or methyl, U and V each independently represent hydrogen or halogen, and R is a carboxyl group, or an enzymic equivalent thereof, which process comprises contacting said [S] enantiomer with a microorganism having a stereospecific inverting enzyme system, or with an extract of the microorganism contacting said enzyme system, to convert the [S] enantiomer to the corresponding [R] enantiomer.

Abstract: A new antitumor antibiotic designated herein as 4'-deschlororebeccamycin is produced by fermentation of Nocardia aerocolonigenes ATCC 39243. The new compound possesses antibacterial activity and inhibits the growth of tumors in experimental animals.

Abstract: A process for the stereospecific inversion of the [S] enantiomer of an .alpha.-aryloxypropionic acid of formula I: ##STR1## wherein E is OR.sup.1 or ##STR2## R.sup.1 is an unsubstituted or substituted aryl or heterocyclic ring system, and R.sup.2 is hydrogen or methyl, U and V each independently represent hydrogen or halogen and R is a carboxyl group, or an enzymic and herbicidal equivalent thereof, which process comprises contacting said [S] enantiomer with a microorganism having a stereospecific inverting enzyme system, or with an extract of the microorganism containing said enzyme system, to convert the [S] enantiomer to the corresponding [R] enantiomer.

Abstract: A substance designated by us as AX-2 and represented by the formula: ##STR1## This substance is produced by culturing a microorganism of the genus Streptomyces and capable of producing AX-2 in a medium to accumulate AX-2 in the cultured broth and isolating AX-2 therefrom.An anti-tumor composition comprising an effective amount of AX-2 in association with a physiologically acceptable carrier or excipient, which is active against Sarcoma 180.

Abstract: In a process which comprises cultivating a micro-organism having the ability to produce a biotin-vitamer in a culture medium in the presence of a biotin-vitamer precursor thereby to produce the biotin-vitamer and accumulate it in the culture medium, the improvement wherein the biotin-vitamer precursor is added to the culture medium after the microbial cells have been grown.

Abstract: A new antibiotic of the rifamycin class, A39079 factor S-1, which has the structure ##STR1## is an effective broad-spectrum antibiotic and increases feed-utilization efficiency in animals.

Abstract: A new acidic polycyclic ether antibiotic, CP-63,517, having the formula: ##STR1## and cationic salts thereof produced by submerged aerobic propagation of Streptomyces endus subsp. aureus, ATCC-39574, a new strain of microorganism isolated from a soil sample in Japan, a process for producing this antibiotic and methods for its use to improve feed utilization, promote growth of cattle and swine and to control coccidiosis.

Abstract: A purified isolate of an actinomycete identified as ATCC 39364 is capable of producing the antimicrobial/antitumor compound 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine-6-one-7-oxide, commonly known as guanine-N.sup.7 -oxide.Guanine-N.sup.7 -oxide is produced by cultivating isolate ATCC 39364 under aerobic conditions in a culture medium containing assimilable sources of carbon and nitrogen until a substantial amount of the compound is produced and thereafter isolating the compound.The antibiotic/antitumor compound guanine-N.sup.7 -oxide and pharmaceutical compositions comprising this compound or one of its pharmaceutically acceptable salts together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier are also disclosed as is a method of treating microbial infections in a mammal or of treating tumors in a mammal.

Abstract: A new polyether antibiotic has been isolated from fermentations of a new microorganism of the genus Streptomyces. This new microorganism is designated as N478-13 and it has ben named Streptomyces routienii Huang sp. nov., (ATCC 39446). The new antibiotic exhibits antibacterial activity against a variety of gram-positive bacteria; it can be used to control swine dysentery; and it promotes increased efficiency of feed utilization (i.e. promotes increased growth) in swine and ruminants.

Abstract: The novel compound 6-deoxyacyclovir is enzymatically converted to acyclovir by xanthine oxidase/dehydrogenase or aldehyde oxidase in vivo, i.e. within the body of the animal being treated. The enzymatic conversion may also be effected ex vivo (i.e. in vitro) as a method of synthesizing acyclovir.

Abstract: A novel antibiotic compound 3-(6-isocyano-3,7-dioxatricyclo[4.1.0.0.sup.2,4 ]hept-4-yl)propenoic acid is produced by a newly isolated microorganism belonging to the genus Penicillium.

Abstract: Plastatin, an inhibitor of the enzyme phospholipase A.sub.2, can be prepared by cultivating Penicillium chermesinum under submerged aerobic conditions.

Abstract: An undifferentiated symbiotic combination of alga and fungus cells, obtained directly from a lichen explant, are cultured in a media under appropriate conditions to produce aromatic lichenous substances and these substances are recovered.

Abstract: The compound having Formula I and several minor related compounds are produced by the aerobic fermentation of Aspergillus alliaceus Thom and Church, ATCC No. 20655 or ATCC No. 20656. ##STR1## The compound of Formula I and the several minor related compounds are antagonists of cholecystokinin (CCK). CCK antagonists are useful in the treatment and prevention of disorders of the gastrointestinal, central nervous and appetite regulatory systems of animals, especially humans.

Abstract: 2-Formyloxymethyl-clavam is described and its use as an antifungal compound against a range of fungi for both medical and horticultural and agricultural use is disclosed. Processes for isolating the compound from fermentations of strains of Streptomyces clavuligerus are described.

Abstract: Improved bioconverting strain of Streptomyces thermotolerans useful in preparing tylosin esters and new antibacterial macrocin or lactenocin ester derivatives of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is formyl or hydroxymethyl; R.sup.1 is hydrogen, acetyl or propionyl; R.sup.2 is hydrogen or ##STR2## and R.sup.3 is hydrogen, acetyl, propionyl, n-butyryl or isovaleryl; provided that one of R.sup.1 or R.sup.3 must be other than hydrogen.

Abstract: Antibiotic acmimycin of the formula ##STR1## is active against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. It is produced by culturing the microorganism Streptomyces sp. AC4559 FERM P-6445, and isolating the above compound from the cultured medium.

Abstract: A novel antitumor antibiotic designated herein as BBM-2040 is produced by fermentation of Streptomyces sp. strain J576-99 (ATCC 39143). BBM-2040, which may be recovered from the fermentation broth in either a desmethanol (BBM-2040B) or methanol-adduct (BBM-2040A) form, inhibits gram positive and acid-fast bacteria and inhibits the growth of tumors such as P388 leukemia in mice.

Abstract: Manganese complexes of various monovalent and divalent polyether antibiotics are provided which act as coccidiostats and growth promoting agents when administered to food-producing animals such as cattle, sheep, swine and poultry. Soluble manganese salt is added to a fermentation beer containing the polyether antibiotics to form an insoluble, recoverable biomass containing the desired manganese antibiotic complex. This biomass, in a dried form, can be given orally to animals such as cattle, sheep, swine and poultry.The subject manganese complexes include: linear monovalent and divalent polyethers (monensin, nigericin, lasalocid, lysocellin, etc.); non-glycolic monovalent monoglycoside polyethers (septamycin, dianemycin, lenoremycin, carriomycin and antibiotic A-204); mononitrogen-containing divalent pyrrole ethers (calcimycin, X-14547, etc.); polynitrogen-containing divalent pyrrole ethers (A-23187, etc.); glycolic monovalent monoglycoside polyethers (etheromycin, etc.

Abstract: A-KA-6643-series antibiotic comprising at least one substance represented by any of the following formulae, or a salt or ester thereof: ##STR1## is effectively useful as an antibacterial and .beta.-lactamase inhibiting agent.

Abstract: A novel antitumor antibiotic designated herein as BBM-2040 is produced by fermentation of Streptomyces sp. strain J576-99 (ATCC 39143). BBM-2040, which may be recovered from the fermentation broth in either a desmethanol (BBM-2040B) or methanol-adduct (BBM-2040A) form, inhibits gram-positive and acid-fast bacteria and inhibits the growth of tumors such as P388 leukemia in mice.

Abstract: Novel antitumor antibiotics designated herein as albacarcins M and V are produced by fermentation of Streptomyces albaduncas strain C-38291 (ATCC 39151). The new antibiotics possess antibacterial activity and also inhibit the growth of mammalian tumors such as P388 leukemia in mice.

Abstract: A new compound, named "Griseolic acid", and its salts and can be prepared by the cultivation of Streptomyces griseoaurantiacus SANK 63479 (FERM-P 5223). Griseolic acid and its salts inhibit the activity of the enzyme cyclic adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase and, as a result of this, have variety of physiological activities and uses.

Abstract: A new antibiotic having .beta.-lactamase inhibitory activity, PA-39504-X.sub.1 of the formula: ##STR1## being useful as a medicament and a veterinary drug for inhibiting the growth of gram-positive and gram-negative pathogenic microorganisms and a process for preparing the same, being characterized by cultivating Streptomyces argenteolus PA-39504 or Streptomyces tokunonensis PA-31088 in a suitable medium and recovering PA-39504-X.sub.1 from the cultured broth.

Abstract: A compound represented by the following formula ##STR1## wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or an ester residue, andR.sup.2 and R.sup.3 represent hydrogen atoms respectively, or taken together, a group of the formula ##STR2## in which each of R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a phenyl group,and its salt; and a process for the production thereof.

Abstract: New antibiotics having .beta.-lactamase inhibitory activity, PA-41746-B and C of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is carboxymethylsulfinyl (PA-41746-B) or formylsulfinyl (PA-41746-C) and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts being useful as a medicament, a veterinary drug and a disinfectant for inhibiting the growth of gram-positive and gram-negative pathogenic microorganisms and a process for preparing the same, being characterized by cultivating Streptomyces pluracidomyceticus in a suitable medium and isolating PA-41746-B and/or PA-41746-C from the culture broth.

Abstract: There is presented an antibiotic compound of the formula ##STR1## and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof. The compound exhibits activity as an anti-swine dysentery agent and an antimicrobial agent.Also presented is a fermentation process to produce the compound of formula I.

Abstract: A new microorganism strain of species Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul. CCM F-725 producing ergocornine and ergocryptine.

Abstract: A process for the production of Monascus-pigment comprises cultivating, in a nutrient medium containing maltitol, a microorganism of genus Monascus capable of producing said pigment, and harvesting the resultant pigment from the culture.The process advantageously leads to an extremely higher Monascus-pigment production in comparison with that obtained by conventional process, and, therefore, provides a sufficient amount of the pigment to food industry, where demand for naturally-occurring coloring agent with a high degree of safety is increasing.

Abstract: The antibacterial compound DC-38-V is produced by culturing a microorganism belonging to the genus Streptomyces.

Abstract: A novel enzyme, amidohydrolase, having the ability to depantothenylate antibiotic OA-6129A represented by the following formula ##STR1## but no substantial ability to deacetylate antibiotic PS-5 represented by the following formula ##STR2##

Abstract: A new antibiotic substance, which has been named nargenicin C.sub.1, has been isolated from fermentations of a species of the genus Nocardia. Nargenicin C.sub.1 can be used as an antibacterial agent against susceptible bacteria, especially susceptible strains of Staphylococcus aureus.

Abstract: A biological process for converting rifamycin B to rifamycin O, rifamycin S or rifamycin SV by treatment with the whole cell, the cell extract, or the immobilized enzyme of Humicola spp. (ATCC 20620) or Monocillium spp. (ATCC 20621) is provided. The process also includes the recovery of rifamycin B in the fermentation broth after conversion to rifamycin O, rifamycin S or rifamycin SV.

Abstract: Novel compounds are produced by the fermentation of a nutrient medium with the previously undescribed microorganism Streptomyces avermitilis. They may be isolated by solvent extraction and chromatographic fractionation techniques. The compounds, which are described generically as C-076 have significant parasiticidal activity. The compounds may be included in compositions for the oral or parenteral administration to animals for the prevention and cure of parasitic infections.

Abstract: A compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom, --OH or --OSO.sub.3 H, and R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom or an unsubstituted or substituted benzyl group; and a salt thereof; processes for production thereof by fermentation; and uses thereof as antimicrobial agents.

Abstract: The compound of the formula (VI): ##STR1## pharmaceutically acceptable salts and pharmaceutically acceptable esters thereof, are useful for their antibacterial activity and for their .beta.-lactamase inhibitory activity. They may be combined in a synergistically effective amount with a penicillin or cephalosporin for the treatment of bacterial infections in humans and animals.

Abstract: An antibiotic KA-6643-A or a salt thereof having the formula: ##STR1## is produced by a process comprising the step of hydrolyzing an antibiotic KA-6643-B of the formula: ##STR2##

Abstract: New antibiotically active compounds having the basic structure of rifamycin S, namely 3-hydroxyrifamycin S (formula A: X=>C.dbd.O; R.sup.1 =OH; R.sup.2 =H), 3,31-dihydroxy-rifamycin S (formula A: X=>C.dbd.O; R.sup.1 =R.sup.2 =OH) and 1-desoxy-1-oxarifamycin S (formula A: X=--O--; R.sup.1 =R.sup.2 =H) ##STR1## are formed by cultivating, under aerobic conditions, a strain of Nocardia mediterranei which is derived from Streptomyces mediterranei ATCC 13 685 as the parent strain and is characterized by the ability to produce at least one of the mentioned compounds. The recombinant strain Nocardia mediterranei DSM 1415 has proved suitable. The mentioned rifamycin S analogues have analogous antibiotic properties to this but have a wider range of action, especially against gram-negative bacteria.

Abstract: Culturing aerobically Erwinia carotovora SC 12,637 A.T.C.C. No. 39048 or Erwinia herbicola SC 12,638 A.T.C.C. No. 39049 in a culture medium containing assimilable carbon and nitrogen sources yields 1-carba-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid.

Abstract: An antibiotic SF-2103A substance or a salt thereof, and a process for the production thereof are described, and the process comprises cultivating an antibiotic SF-2103A substance-producing strain in a nutrient medium and recovering the desired substance from the culture broth.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new method for controlling the level and distribution of alkaloids produced by Claviceps purpurea variant strains capable of producing primarily ergocornine, .alpha.-ergocryptine and .beta.-ergocryptine under saprophytic conditions. According to the invention a compound of the biosynthesis path of isoleucine or a compound which promotes the formation of isoleucine by biochemical control is added to the fermentation broth. In other respects fermentation is performed under conditions known per se.By the method of the invention the ratio of .alpha.- and .beta.-ergocryptine formed in the fermentation broth can be adjusted to the optimum value.

Abstract: A new antibiotic having .beta.-lactamase inhibitory activity, PA-39504-X.sub.3 of the formula: ##STR1## and the pharmaceutically acceptable slats being useful as a drug, a animal drug and a disinfectant for inhibiting the growth of gram-positive and gram-negative pathogenic microorganisms and a process for preparing the same, being characterized by cultivating Streptomyces argenteolus PA-39504 or Streptomyces tokunonensis PA-31088 in a suitable medium and isolating PA-39504-X.sub.3 from the cultured broth.

Abstract: This disclosure describes a novel process for the production of the known antibiotic nosiheptide using a new strain of Streptomyces glaucogriseus and mutants thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel trichothecene antibiotic, roridin L-2, and a process for the production and the method of using said compound.

Abstract: There are disclosed certain new compounds related to C-076 compounds which have been produced by a mutant of the culture that produced the original C-076 compounds and isolated from the fermentation broth thereof. The compounds retain the C-076 16-membered cyclic backbone, however, the groups attached thereto are considerably modified from the original C-076 compounds. The new compounds have been found to retain the biological activity of the parent C-076 compounds. The compounds are thus potent antiparasitic agents and compositions and methods for such uses are also disclosed.

Abstract: Zinc complexes of glycolic monovalent monoglycoside polyether antibiotics are provided for use as coccidiostats and growth-promoting agents when administered to poultry and for use as active agents for improving cardiovascular function in animals.Zinc complexes of the type disclosed can be prepared by adding soluble zinc salt to a fermentation beer containing the glycolic monovalent monoglycoside polyether antibiotic to thereby form an insoluble, recoverable biomass containing the desired zinc antibiotic complex.