Abstract: L-654,040 of the structure: ##STR1## is a novel antibacterial and isolated from the novel organism Streptoverticillium synroense, strain MA6011, deposited at the ATCC.

Abstract: A new antitumor antibiotic designated herein as BMY-28121 is produced by fermentation of Streptomyces albus strain K7331-113 (ATCC 39897). BMY-28121, which may be recovered from the fermentation broth in either its natural free hydroxy form (BMY-28121A) or methyl ether form (BMY-28121B), inhibits gram-positive bacteria and anaerobes and inhibits the growth of mammalian tumors such as P-388 leukemia, L-1210 leukemia and B16 melanoma.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing L(-)-tetrahydrofolic acid which comprises allowing dihydrofolate reductase to act upon dihydrofolic acid in the presence of (1) NADP or NADPH, and (2) glucose and glucose dehydrogenase. L(-)-tetrahydrofolic acid is useful as the intermediate for L(-)-leucovarin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to DC-88A and DC-89A1 and their production. These compounds are obtained by fermentation of microorganisms belonging to the genus Streptomyces. These compounds have antibacterial and anti-tumor activities and are useful as medicaments.

Abstract: An acidic polycyclic ether antibiotic, having structure established by X-ray crystallography, is formed by fermentation of a novel microorganism, Streptomyces sp. ATCC 53862. This novel antibiotic is useful as an anticoccidial in chickens, in the prevention or treatment of swine dysentery, and as a growth promotant in cattle and swine.

Abstract: 3',4'-anhydrovinblastine, a precursor of the anti-tumor alkaloids vincristine and vinblastine, is prepared by the enzymatic coupling of catharanthine and vindoline using an iron-containing compound such as peroxidase optionally in the presence of a peroxide. Substantially enhanced yields are obtained.

Abstract: The novel antitumor antibiotic designated herein as BU-3420T is produced by fermentation of Micromonospora chersina strain M956-1 (ATCC 53710). BU-3420T and its triacetate derivative possess antibacterial and antifungal activity and also inhibit the growth of mammalian tumors such as P388 leukemia in mice.

Abstract: A method of preparing an organ culture from branched tissue of a Catharanthus roseus seedling is disclosed. The indole alkaloids vincristine and vinblastine can be recovered from the organ culture tissue via extraction.

Abstract: Novel cephem compounds are provided which are useful for synthesizing cephamycin compounds useful as antibacterial agents. The novel compounds have the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a lower alkyl group and R.sup.2 represents an amino group which may be protected, in the salt thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel antibiotic NK84-0218 of the formula: ##STR1## which exhibits antibacterial, antiviral and antineo-plastic activities and is expected as a pharmaceutical as well as a process for the production of the same.

Abstract: An improved repetitive, batch-type fermentation process is provided. It includes a first, non-repetitive step of forming a support bearing a film of live and reproductive microorganisms immobilized thereon, e.g. using a cloth support. Then, the process involves the steps of freely suspending and stirring small segments of support cloth bearing a fixed film of live and reproductive microorganisms immobilized thereon within a fermenter containing suitable nutrient liquor to carry out a fermentation process, whereby the microorganisms produce a fermented liquor; withdrawing fermented liquor from the fermenter while retaining the support cloth within the fermenter; adding fresh nutrient to the fermenter containing the support cloth bearing the fixed film of live and reproductive microorganisms immobilized thereon; and repeating the above steps a plurality of times. This provides an improved batch-type fermentation process which minimizes the problems of start-up and which can be readily scaled-up and automated.

Abstract: Compounds as described having the partial formula ##STR1## These compounds may have a 5-OH or --OMe group amd at the 25- position an isopropylene group substituted by methyl, ethyl or isopropyl.The compounds may be used in agriculture or medicine as antiparasitics, and may be prepared by culturing certain Streptomyces strains, in particular Streptomyces thermoarchaensis NCIB 12015.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process of selective bioconversion of DINIS into MONIS-5, wherein the DINIS is added to a medium containing at least one microorganism possessing a glutathion transferase or an acellular extract of such a microorganism.

Abstract: A novel compound named "cornexistin" has the formula (I): ##STR1## and it and the corresponding ring-opened diacid and salts thereof have herbicidal and growth regulating effects. Cornexistin can be prepared by cultivation of a microorganism of the genus Paecilomyces, e.g. Paecilomyces variotii Bainier SANK 21086.

Abstract: Virginiamycin M.sub.1 having the Formula: ##STR1## and virginiamycin M.sub.1 analogs having the Formulae I-IV: ##STR2## Virginiamycin M.sub.1 and the analogs I-IV are antagonists of cholecystokinin (CCK) and gastrin. Cholecystokinin antagonists are useful as analgesics and in the treatment and prevention of disorders of the gastrointestinal, central nervous and appetite regulatory systems in animals, especially humans. Gastrin antagonists are useful in blocking the receptors for gastrin in humans and may function as agents for the treatment of ulcers, tumors or other gastrointestinal disorders. The compounds of Formulae I-IV are also antibiotics and are useful as antimicrobial agents in animals including man and are useful as food additives to promote feed utilization in animals. Virginiamycin M.sub.1 and the analogs of Formula I, III and IV are produced by the controlled aerobic fermentation of a strain of Streptomyces olivaceus, ATCC No.

Abstract: Improved fermentation process for producing the Gram-positive antibiotic A47934 which comprises cultivating a new strain of Streptomyces toyocaensis, NRRL 18112, and a biologically purified culture of this microorganism are provided.

Abstract: New alkaloids called hapalindoles J-Q and T-V, which are antibacterial and antifungal agents, and methods of preparing these alkaloids by culturing the blue-green alga Hapalosiphon fontinalis ATCC 39694, are provided.

Abstract: Non-protein amino acids increase pigment production by Monascus species in the presence of protein amino acids.

Abstract: Antibiotic LL-D42067.beta. derived by aerobic fermentation of the microorganism Actinomadura madurae subspecies simaoensis NRRL 15734, useful as an antibacterial and antiparasitic agent.

Abstract: A biologically pure culture of Micromonospora purpureochromogenes ssp. Wuxiensis and its use in an aerobic fermentation process to produce the antibacterial and antiparasitic agent LL-D42067.alpha..

Abstract: Novel microorganisms belonging to the genus Micromonospora capable of producing antibiotics YS-02930 K-D, -E or -H represented by formula: ##STR1## wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or a formyl group and a dotted line represents a double bond or a bond shown by: ##STR2## are disclosed. The antibiotics are produced by culturing bacteria belonging to the genus Micromonospora capable of producing at least one antibiotic selected from YS-02930 K-D, -E and -H and, harvesting antibiotic YS-02930 K-D, -E or -H.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R represents hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl. These compounds are obtained by fermentation of the known saframycin A producing strain Streptomyces lavendulae No. 314 and by reaction with the amino acids L-tyrosine, L-methionine, glycine and HOOC-(CH)NH.sub.2 -CH.sub.2 -R. When R is hydrogen, saframycin Y.sub.3 and when R is methyl, saframycin Y.sub.d-1 are produced.

Abstract: Dihydrodesoxygriseolic acid, which has the formula ##STR1## and salts and esters thereof may be prepared by cultivating a suitable strain of Streptomyces, e.g. Streptomyces griseoaurantiacus No. 43894, and, if necessary, salifying or esterifying the free acid. These compounds inhibit the activity of various cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, particularly cAMP PDE, and, as a result of this, have a variety of physiological activities and uses.

Abstract: A microbial process for converting codeine to 14-hydroxycodeine is provided. This process comprises aerobically culturing codeine with bacteria of the genus Streptomyces for at least about 3 days in a rich medium such as soybean flour medium.

Abstract: A compound having the formula (I): ##STR1## is described, together with salts thereof and an enzymatic process for converting such compounds into clavulanic acid.A process for the preparation of the compound of formula (I) and its salts is disclosed, together with intermediates for use therein. This process involves the use of a novel enzyme system to effect the desired cyclization, which enzyme system is preferably derived from a micro-organism, in particular a species of Streptomyces.

Abstract: Riboflavin is obtained directly from the culture in a high yield by cultivating a riboflavin-producing microorganism in a medium using a lower (C.sub.1 to C.sub.4) aliphatic compound, separating riboflavin contained in the culture in the form of heated aqueous solution from solid matters, and crystallizing riboflavin from the heated aqueous solution.Riboflavin is also prepared in a high yield by cultivating a riboflavin-producing yeast belonging to the genus Saccharomyces which has purine requirements and/or resistance to 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole in a medium and collecting riboflavin formed and accumulated in the medium.Moreover, riboflavin is prepared in a high yield even in the presence of iron ions by preliminarily cultivating in liquid a riboflavin-producing yeast belonging to the genus Saccharomyces and then cultivating it in a riboflavin-producing medium containing zinc ions.

Abstract: There are disclosed macrolides isolated from the fermentation broth, with avermectin Bla, avermectin Blb or 22,23-dihydro avermectin Bla as a substrate, of a known microorganism identified as MA-6181. The structure of the novel compounds isolated from the microorganism are presented based upon analytical studies. The compounds are highly potent antiparasitic, insecticidal, and anthelmintic agents. Compositions for such uses are also disclosed.

Abstract: A 7-formylaminocephalosporin compound represented by general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a carboxy group or an aminocarboxymethyl group ##STR2## R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a protective group for a carboxy group, andR.sup.3 represents a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic group which may be substituted;or a salt thereof, and a process for producing the compound; The compounds are useful intermediates for other cephalosporin compounds having antibacterial activity, and themselves show antibacterial activity, as well.

Abstract: A new acidic polycyclic ether antibiotic UK-58,852 has the formula: ##STR1## wherein R and R.sup.1 are both hydrogen, and can be prepared by the submerged aerobic propagation in aqueous nutrient media of Actinomadura sp. ATCC 39697. The antibiotic and its cationic salts are active against a variety of microorganisms and are effective in controlling coccidiosis, enteritis, swine dysentery and theileriosis as well as being effective in promotion of growth and/or improving efficiency of feed utilization in swine and ruminants. Two minor components, wherein R is H and R.sup.1 is CH.sub.3 and wherein R and R.sup.1 are both CH.sub.3, have also been isolated from the fermentation.

Abstract: Actinomadura melliaura nov. sp. (ATCC 39691) produces four novel compounds which we have designated AT 2433 A.sub.1, AT 2433 A.sub.2, AT 2433 B.sub.1 and AT 2433 B.sub.2. The novel compounds or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof exhibit antibacterial and antitumor activity.

Abstract: A biologically pure culture of Streptomyces sandaensis which is capable of producing an antitumor and antimicrobial compound, designated FR-900482 substance, is disclosed.

Abstract: The novel antibiotics boxazomycin A and B, which have the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is --CH.sub.2 OH for boxazomycin A; and R is --CH.sub.3 for boxazomycin B. These new antibiotics, which are produced by cultivating a novel strain of Pseudonocardia (ATCC 53205), inhibit growth of aerobic Gram-positive bacteria and anaerobes with enhanced activity observed in acidic medium.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is ##STR2## HOOC--(CH.sub.2).sub.3 --CO-- or hydrogen, or a salt thereof, is useful as an intermediate for the production of cephem compounds, and some of them are useful as antimicrobial agents.

Abstract: This invention provides for a method for producing secondary metabolites of higher plants, such as Lithospermum erythrorhizon, Coptis japonica, and Nicotinia tabacum, by suspension cultures of a mass of undifferentiated cells (callus). The cultures are carried out in at least two stages in liquid media. The first stage culturing is carried out in a liquid medium conventionally used for the tissue culture of plants, which contains indispensably inorganic substances and carbon sources and, additionally, phytohormones, vitamins and/or amino acids. While, the second stage culturing is carried out in another liquid medium, of which the concentration of at least one of the constituents is substantially varied, namely decreased or increased, from the first stage liquid medium. According to such two stage liquid medium cultures, the productivity of the second metabolites, such as shikonin, berberine and nicotine, are significantly increased, even though the rate of cell growth in the second stage is relatively low.

Abstract: 7-Amino-3-(3-formamidopyridinium)methyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate of the formula ##STR1## is produced by (a) reacting a compound of the formula ##STR2## in which R.sup.3 is a phenacetyl or a thienylacetyl group,with 3-formamidopyridine to give the compound of the formula ##STR3## and (b) splitting off the R.sup.3 radical. The product can then be coupled to a suitable acid to produce a cephalosporin and the formyl radical may be split off.

Abstract: Products of Aspergillus alliaceus fermentation having cholecystokinin (CCK) antagonist activity, their preparation and use are disclosed.

Abstract: A hitherto undescribed microorganism, Streptomyces virginiae NRRL 12525, which upon culturing produces the A41030 antibiotic complex comprising several factors. The A41030 antibiotics produced show antibacterial activity against the gram-positive genera Staphylococcus and Streptococcus which are resistant to penicillin. In addition, these antibiotic act to promote growth and improve feed efficiency in ruminant animals, poultry and swine, and other livestock, and to improve milk production in ruminant animals.

Abstract: A process for preparing the compound having Formula I and several minor related compounds. ##STR1## The compound of Formula I and the several minor related compounds are antagonists of cholecystokinin (CCK). CCK antagonists are useful in the treatment and prevention of disorders of the gastrointestinal, central nervous and appetite regulatory systems of animals, especially humans.

Abstract: The novel antibiotics boxazomycin A and B, which have the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is --CH.sub.2 OH for boxazomycin A; and R is --CH.sub.3 for boxazomycin B. These new antibiotics, which are produced by cultivating a novel strain of Pseudonocardia (ATCC 53205), inhibit growth of aerobic Gram-positive bacteria and anaerobes with enhanced activity observed in acidic medium.

Abstract: A new antitumor antibiotic designated herein as BMY-28121 is produced by fermentation of Streptomyces albus strain K731-113 (ATCC 39897). BMY-28121, which may be recovered from the fermentation broth in either its natural free hydroxy form (BMY-28121A) or methyl ether form (BMY-28121B), inhibits gram-positive bacteria and anaerobes and inhibits the growth of mammalian tumors such as P-388 leukemia, L-1210 leukemia and B16 melanoma.

Abstract: A process for producing mitomycin A by fermentation, which involves culturing a microorganism belonging to the genus Streptomyces, which is capable of producing mitomycin A and having at least one property of (1) deficiency in an ability to produce mitomycin C and (2) a resistance to tryptophan analog, in a culture medium forming and accummulating mitomycin A in the culture medium; and recovering mitomycin A therefrom. The microorganism preferably involves Streptomyces caespitosus T-17-135 (NRRL 12508) or Streptomyces caespitosus (NRRL 12513).

Abstract: There is presented antibiotic compounds designated as Antibiotics X-14889 A, C and D of the formulas ##STR1## wherein (for X-14889A) R.sub.1 is methyl, R.sub.2 is methyl, R.sub.3 is hydrogen, R.sub.4 is methyl and R.sub.5 is hydrogen or (for X-14889C) R.sub.1 is hydrogen, R.sub.2 is methyl, R.sub.3 is hydrogen, R.sub.4 is methyl and R.sub.5 is CO.sub.2 H or ##STR2## and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The compounds exhibit antimicrobial activity and one of the compounds X-14889C also exhibits activity against Treponema hyodysenteriae (in vitro), Plasmodium berghei and as food efficiency enhancers in ruminants.Also presented is a process to produce the above compounds and another known component Antibiotic X-14889B.

Abstract: There is disclosed a macrolide isolated from the fermentation broth, with 22,23-dihydro avermectin Bla aglycone as a substrate, of a known microorganism identified as MA-5853. The structure of the novel compound isolated from the microorganism is presented based upon analytical studies. The compound is a highly potent antiparasitic, insecticidal, and anthelmintic agent. Compositions for such uses are also disclosed.

Abstract: A novel antibiotic compoudn 3-(6-isocyano-3,7-dioxatricyclo[4.1.0.0.sup.2,4 ]hept-4-yl)propenoic acid is produced by a newly isolated microorganism belonging to the genus Penicillium.

Abstract: There are disclosed novel compounds which are derived from 22,23-dihydro avermectin Bla aglycone, 13-deoxy-22,23 dihydro overmectin Bla aglycone and 13-deoxy-22,23-dihydro overmectin Blb aglycone. The six compounds are hydroxy adducts of the substrate avermectin compound at the 12a, 24, 24a, 26, 26a and 27 positions. The hydroxy adducts are prepared by incubating the substrate with the microorganism Cunninghamella blakesleeana and isolating the hydroxy adducts from the fermentation broth. The compounds are highly potent antiparasitic, insecticidal and anthelmintic agents.

Abstract: Antibiotic A47934 is produced by submerged, aerobic fermentation of new Streptomyces toyocaensis NRRL 15009. The antibiotic is active against gram-positive bacteria in vitro and in vivo. It promotes growth in poultry and swine and serves to enhance feed efficiency in ruminant animals having a developed rumen.

Abstract: Manganese complexes of various monovalent and divalent polyether antibiotics are provided which act as coccidiostats and growth promoting agents when administered to food-producing animals such as cattle, sheep, swine and poultry. Soluble manganese salt is added to a fermentation beer containing the polyether antibiotics to form an insoluble, recoverable biomass containing the desired manganese antibiotic complex. This biomass, in a dried form, can be given orally to animals such as cattle, sheep, swine and poultry.The subject manganese complexes include: linear monovalent and divalent polyethers (monensin, nigericin, lasalocid, lysocellin, etc.); non-glycolic monovalent monoglycoside polyethers (septamycin, dianemycin, lenoremycin, carriomycin and antibiotic A-204); mononitrogen-containing divalent pyrrole ethers (calcimycin, X-14547, etc.); polynitrogen-containing divalent pyrrole ethers (A-23187, etc.); glycolic monovalent monoglycoside polyethers (etheromycin, etc.

Abstract: A new polyether antibiotic has been isolated from fermentations of a new microorganism of the genus Streptomyces. This new microorganism is designated as N478-13 and it has been named Streptomyces routienii Huange sp. nov., (ATCC 30446). The new antibiotic exhibits antibacterial activity against a variety of gram-positive bacteria; it can be used to control swine dysentery; and it promotes increased efficiency of feed utilization (i.e. promotes increased growth) in swine and ruminants.

Abstract: Antibiotics PA-41746-A.sub.2, PA-41746-E and PA-41746-F produced by fermentation of Streptomyces pluracidomyceticus on a conventional culture medium, having .beta.-lactamase inhibitory activities and excellent antimicrobial activities, and useful as drugs for treatment of infections in humans or animals, or as disinfectants.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new microbiological process for the preparation of clavine alkaloids of the general formula (I), ##STR1## wherein R stands for hydroxymethyl or methyl group, by cultivation of a Claviceps fusiformis strain in liquid submerged culture medium containing sources of carbon, nitrogen, mineral salts and optionally other additives, under aerobic conditions, in which a Claviceps fusiformis variant strain deposited under No. 00211 is used as alkaloid-producing strain. The invention further relates to a biologically pure culture of the Claviceps fusiformis variant strain No. 00211 obtained in a process in which a Claviceps fusiformis strain No. 00164 is grown in a solid culture medium containing sources of carbon, nitrogen, mineral salts and agar as well as an additive promoting the formation of cytochrome P-450, followed by the selective isolation of the new strain No. 00211.