Abstract: A process for preparing a 2-hydroxy-4-substituted pyridine compound using a microbiological method, a novel microorganism, and a novel compound are provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides engineered ketoreductase enzymes having improved properties as compared to a naturally occurring wild-type ketoreductase enzyme. Also provided are polynucleotides encoding the engineered ketoreductase enzymes, host cells capable of expressing the engineered ketoreductase enzymes, and methods of using the engineered ketoreductase enzymes to synthesize a variety of chiral compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing efficiently glutamic acid derivatives (including salts thereof) such as monatin by converting a substituted ?-keto acid of formula (1) into a glutamic acid derivative of formula (2) in the presence of an enzyme catalyzing conversion of the same.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions comprising amiloride amino acid and peptide conjugates. Efficient methods are also provided for administering the compositions for treating cancer and for delivering an amiloride conjugate into cancer cells in a subject in need thereof.

Abstract: Esters of O-substituted hydroxy carboxylic acids are provided having Formula 1, or 2, or both Formulas 1 and 2: wherein R and R1 are independently selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted, branched- and straight-chain, saturated, unsaturated, and polyunsaturated C1-C22 alkyl, substituted and unsubstituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl, substituted and unsubstituted C6-C20 carbocyclic aryl, and substituted and unsubstituted C4-C20 heterocyclic; wherein the heteroatoms are selected from sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen; and wherein n is 1-6. Process of producing esters of O-substituted hydroxy carboxylic acids are also provided.

Abstract: Novel isolated DNA sequences which comprise all or part of a gene cluster encoding sanglifehrin synthase, processing and regulatory genes involved in the biosynthesis of a mixed non-ribosomal peptide/polyketide compound, or mutants having altered biosynthetic capability, polypeptides or mutants thereof encoded by DNA or the mutants, vectors containing the DNA or the mutants thereof, host cells transformed with the DNA, the mutants thereof, or the vector, and a method for producing sanglifehrin compounds. Compounds with cyclophilin inhibition activity used as immunosuppressants, antivirals or cardiac protection agents.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method utilizing a microorganism with reduced isocitrate dehydrogenase activity for the production of fine chemicals. Said fine chemicals may be amino acids, monomers for polymer synthesis, sugars, lipids, oils, fatty acids or vitamins and are preferably amino acids of the aspartate family, especially methionine or lysine, or derivatives of said amino acids, especially cadaverine. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a recombinant microorganism having a reduced isocitrate dehydrogenase activity in comparison to the initial microorganism and the use of such microorganisms in producing fine chemicals such as aspartate family amino acids and their derivatives.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides ketoreductase enzymes having improved properties as compared to a naturally occurring wild-type ketoreductase enzyme. Also provided are polynucleotides encoding the engineered ketoreductase enzymes, host cells capable of expressing the engineered ketoreductase enzymes, method of using the engineered ketoreductase enzymes to synthesize a variety of chirally pure compounds, and the chirally pure compounds prepared therewith.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel pyridine alkaloid compounds of formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof as described in the specification, the process for the preparation of the same, and the composition comprising the same. The uses of a pyridine compound for increasing the activity of PPAR?, for the prevention and/or treatment of a disease or disorder related to insulin resistance, and for the prevention and/or treatment of metabolic syndrome or its complication are also provided. The invention also provides extracts of red yeast-fermented products and their uses for prevention and/or treatment of a disease or disorder related to insulin resistance, such as metabolic syndrome.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the stereoselective synthesis of (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridine, as well as the conversion thereof, to give Moxifloxacin. Particularly, the present invention relates to a method for the synthesis of (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridine of formula (I) comprising: (a) the optical resolution by enzymatic hydrolysis of the intermediate dialkyl-1-alkylcarbonylpiperidine-2,3-dicarboxylate racemate of formula (II) to give, following isolation, the intermediate dialkyl-(2S,3R)-1-alkylcarbonyl-piperidine-2,3-dicarboxylate of formula (III) in which AIk is a straight or branched C1-C5 alkyl group; (b) the conversion of the intermediate (III) to (4aR,7aS)-1-alkylcarbonylhexahydrofuro[3,4-b]pyridine-5,7-dione of formula (IV) in which AIk has the meanings set forth above; (c) the conversion of the intermediate (IV) to (4aS,7as)-octahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridine of formula (I) with an optical purity above 99%.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a purified toxin isolated from Euglena sanguinea. More specifically the toxin, termed euglenophycin, is an alkaloid having herbicidal and cytotoxicity against plant and mammalian cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a compound of formula I, wherein R1 is C1-6-alkyl and R2 is hydrogen or halogen. (R)-2-phenyl propionic acid derivatives of formula I are key intermediates in the synthesis of 5-substituted-pyrazine or pyridine glucokinase activators of the formula Xa, which have the potential to be useful for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of type II diabetes.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a recombinant fission yeast strain useful for the improved production of human cytochrome P450s. The improvement in the cytochrome P450 rate is achieved by a coexpression of a functional human electron transfer chain e.g. CPR (cytochrome P450 reductase). The invention further relates to uses of the recombinant fission yeast and particularly the use of the recombinant fission yeast in methods to generate cytochrome P450 dependent metabolites.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel antimicrobial agents that are based on ?-lactam derivatives and are produced by reacting previously known ?-lactam derivatives with polyphenol oxidase substrates under the influence of free radicals and by forming salts of any ?-lactam derivatives with polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrogen carbonate. Said novel compounds are suitable as an antibiotic.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an aqueous glucose solution from the starch components of Triticeae grains, for example from rye, triticale or in particular wheat grains. The invention also relates to a glucose-based fermentation method for manufacturing organic compounds in which the glucose manufactured for fermentation is produced from the starch components of Triticeae grains by way of a method according to the invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel method for the fermentative production of dipicolinate by cultivating a recombinant microorganism expressing an enzyme having dipicolinate synthetase activity. The present invention also relates to corresponding recombinant hosts, recombinant vectors, expression cassettes and nucleic acids suitable for preparing such hosts as well as a method of preparing polyester or polyamide copolymers making use of dipicolinate as obtained by fermentative production.

Abstract: The present invention relates to derivatives of the 1H-pyrano[4,3-b]benzofuran-1-one structure and their nitrogen analogues which possess powerful antioxidant properties combined with a highly effective UV absorbing functionality in one molecule. These compounds are especially useful in cosmetical and dermatological formulations.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing an enantiomerically and/or diastereomerically enriched ester or thioester having at least two adjacent chiral centres, wherein a mixture of stereoisomers of a secondary alcohol or thiol having a structure comprising a first chiral center forming a secondary alcohol or secondary thiol moiety in the beta position relative to a second chiral center having one hydrogen substituent, is reacted with an acyl donor in the presence of an epimerisation catalyst and a stereoselective acylation catalyst.

Abstract: A new compound is revealed and the strain of Streptomyces sp. producing it, which may be used in the production of drugs (Formula I).

Abstract: The invention relates to polypeptides having peroxygenase activity and compositions comprising such polypeptides, their encoding polynucleotides, expression vectors and recombinant host cells comprising such polynucleotides or vectors, methods of producing the polypeptides, as well as methods of application and uses thereof, including a process for enzymatic, regioselective oxygenation of N-heterocycles of the general formula (I) to the corresponding N-oxides of the formula (II), by converting N-heterocycles of the formula (I) with a peroxidase polypeptide in the presence of at least one oxidizing agent in a one-stage reaction process

Abstract: The present invention relates to new optically active heteroaromatic ?-hydroxy esters useful in the synthesis of epothilone derivatives, to certain compounds used to produce these intermediates, as well as to processes for their production.

Abstract: A process for preparing a 2-hydroxy-4-substituted pyridine compound using a microbiological method, a novel microorganism, and a novel compound are provided.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to uses of immobilized enzymes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing an alkaloid, for example, reticuline, comprising providing dopamine as a substrate for a series of actions of monoamine oxidase, norcoclaurine-6-O-methyltransferase, coclaurine-N-methyltransferase and 3?-hydroxy-N-methylcoclaurine-4?-O-methyltransferase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to newly identified mRNA stabilizing elements useful for the production of a target fermentation product, such as e.g. vitamins or enzymes, in particular riboflavin (vitamin B2), biotin, pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), folic acid, thiamin, pyridoxine (vitamin B6), vitamin B12, xylanase, amylase, protease, glucanase, amylomaltase or maltogenic amylase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to biocatalytic asymmetric reduction for the preparation of 2-amino-[5-(1-hydroxy-2-hydroxy or halogen-ethyl)]-pyrazine derivatives of the formula wherein R is lower alkylcarbonyl or an amino protecting group and R1 is hydroxy or halogen. The compounds are key intermediates in the manufacture of a glucokinase activator.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel isolated natural or synthetic polynucleotides and polypeptides coded by said polynucleotides, involved in the synthesis of diketopiperazine derivatives, vectors comprising said polynucleotides, micro-organisms transformed with said polynucleotides, uses of said polynucleotides and said polypeptides, as well as methods for the synthesis of diketopiperazine derivatives, including cyclodipeptides and diketopiperazine derivatives 3- and 6-substituted by ?,?-unsaturated amino acid side chains.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing an optically active 3-aminopiperidine or salt thereof. In the method, a racemic nipecotamide is stereoselectively hydrolyzed to obtain an optically active nipecotamide and an optically active nipecotic acid in the presence of an enzyme source derived from an organism, and then the optically active nipecotamide is derived into an optically active aminopiperidine or salt thereof by aroylation, Hofmann rearrangement, deprotection of the amino group and further deprotection; or the optically active nipecotamide is derived into an optically active aminopiperidine or salt thereof by selective protection with BOC, Hofmann rearrangement and further deprotection. It is possible by the present invention to produce an optically active 3-aminopiperidine or salt thereof useful as a pharmaceutical intermediate from an inexpensive and easily available starting material by easy method applicable to industrial manufacturing.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the production of a product compound having a structure according to Formulae IA and/or IB: wherein n is 0 or 1; R1 is hydrogen or hydroxy; R2 is hydrogen; or, when n is 0, R1 and R2 taken together form a second bond between the carbon atoms bearing R1 and R2, provided that when n is 1, R1 and R2 are each hydrogen; R3 is —COOH or —COOR4; R4 is an alkyl or aryl moiety; A, B, and D are the substituents of their rings, each of which may be different or the same, and are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogens, alkyl, hydroxy, and alkoxy. This process involves incubating a starting compound having a structure according to Formulae IIA and/or IIB: wherein R3 is —CH3 and R1, R2, A, B, and D are defined above in the presence of a microorganism under conditions effective to produce the product compound.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a novel purified toxin isolated from Euglena sanguinea. More specifically the toxin, termed euglenophycin, is an alkaloid having herbicidal and cytotoxicity against plant and mammalian cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methyl transfer enzymes involved in alkaloid biosynthesis in opium poppy. More particularly, the invention relates to proteins having (R,S)-reticuline 7-O-methyltransferase activity, to proteins having (R,S)-norcoclaurine 6-O-methyltransferase activity and to derivatives and analogues of these proteins. The invention also relates to nucleic acid molecules encoding the proteins, and their derivatives and analogues, and to their use in the production of methylated catechols and tetrahydrobenzylisoquinolines.

Abstract: The invention relates to a synthesis process. This process relates to the synthesis of the compound of formula (I) according to Scheme A below: in which R1, R2 and R3, which may be identical or different, represent, individually and independently, an alkyl group, characterized by an enzymatic hydrolysis reaction that involves placing the compound of formula (II) in contact with an enzyme that performs a chemoselective hydrolysis of only one of the two ester functions of the compound of formula (II) to obtain the compound of formula (I). The invention allows the industrial preparation of the intermediate of formula (I), which may be used for the preparation of the pharmaceutical active principle repaglinide.

Abstract: This invention provides for a compound according to Formula (1), wherein R1 is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, benzyl or 2-haloethyl and the use thereof in a method to prepare (S)-1-methyl-3-phenylpiperazine by enzymatic hydrolysis of the compound, followed by separation and cleavage of the oxalamic groups, whereby the protease of Streptomyces griseus is used as enzyme for the enzymatic hydrolysis.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a chemoenzymatic process for the preparation of an iminocyclitol corresponding to formula (I), (II), (III) or (IV), wherein: R1 and R2 are the same or different, and independently selected from the group consisting of: H, OH, hydroxymethyl, methyl, ethyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, 2-methylbutyl, and benzyl; R3 is selected from the group consisting of: H, hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, ethyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, dodecyl, isobutyl, isopropyl, isopentyl, 2-methylbutyl, benzyl, and phenylethyl; n: 0 or 1; the process comprising: (i) an aldol addition catalyzed by a D-fructose-6-phosphate aldolase enzyme (FSA) and an acceptor aminoaldehyde; and (ii) an intramolecular reductive amination of the addition adduct obtained in step (i) with H2, in the presence of a metallic catalyst, optionally being carried out said step (ii) in the presence of an aldehyde of formula R3—CHO, wherein R3 is as defined above.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the production of optically active amines, which can be used as intermediate products in a synthesis of for instance pharmaceutical products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a docosahexaenoic acid ester with an alcohol chosen among the group-B vitamins or provitamins, advantageously comprised by: nicotinyl alcohol of the following formula (I), panthenol of the following formula (II), and inositol of the following formula (III) or with isosorbide of the following formula (IV) or isosorbide mononitrate of the following formula (V). It also relates to a method of preparation of same, a pharmaceutical composition comprising same and the use of same in the treatment or prevention of cardiovascular disease, in particular auricular fibrillation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing an optically active 4-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline compound [I], which comprises the steps of: treating a racemic 4-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline compound represented by general formula [I]: [wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a protecting group for amino group.] with an enzyme having an ability of selectively or preferentially acylating one enantiomer of the racemic compound [I] in the presence of an acyl donor; and if necessary, subjecting the reaction product to solvolysis.

Abstract: Disclosed is an isolated DNA encoding vitamin B6 phosphate phosphatase selected from the group consisting of: (a) a DNA sequence represented in SEQ ID NO:9; (b) a DNA sequence which encodes a polypeptide having vitamin B6 phosphate phosphatase activity and hybridizes under standard conditions to the DNA sequence defined in (a) or a fragment of thereof; (c) a DNA sequence which encodes a polypeptide having vitamin B6 phosphate phosphatase activity, wherein said polypeptide is at least 70% identical to the amino acid sequence represented in SEQ ID NO:10; (d) a DNA sequence which encodes a polypeptide having vitamin B6 phosphate phosphatase activity and is at least 70% identical to the DNA sequence represented in SEQ ID NO:9; (e) a degenerate DNA sequence of any one of (a) to (c).

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods designed to increase value output of a fermentation reaction. In particular, the present invention provides a business method of increasing value output of a fermentation plant. The present invention also provides a modified fermentation residual of higher commercial value. Also provided in the present invention are complete animal feeds, nutritional supplements comprising the subject ferment residuals. Further provided by the present invention is a method of performing fermentation, a modified fermentative microorganism and a genetic vehicle for modifying such microorganism.

Abstract: A method and system for selectively fluorinating organic molecules on a target site wherein the target site is activated and then fluorinated are shown together with a method and system for identifying a molecule having a biological activity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of at least one microbial metabolite having at least 3 carbon atoms or at least 2 carbon atoms and at least 1 nitrogen atom by means of sugar-based microbial fermentation, comprising: a) the preparation of a sugar-containing liquid medium with a monosaccharide content of more than 20% by weight from a starch feedstock, the sugar-containing liquid medium also comprising non-starchy solid constituents of the starch feedstock; b) the fermentation of the sugar-containing liquid medium for the production of the metabolite(s); and c) depletion or isolation of at least one metabolite from the fermentation liquor, wherein a microorganism strain which produces the desired metabolite(s) is cultivated with the sugar-containing liquid medium, said liquid medium being obtained by: a1) milling the starch feedstock; and a2) liquefying the millbase in an aqueous liquid in the presence of at least one starch-liquefying enzyme, followed by saccharification using at lea

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel, Nonadeca-6-enoic acid-3-(hexadecyloxy-hydroxy-thiophosphoryloxy)-quinoxalin-2-yl ester designated as streptolipin, useful for pancreatic lipase inhibition, isolated from the culture of Streptomyces vayuensis strain N2 having molecular formula (1) and a process for the preparation thereof.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides engineered ketoreductase enzymes having improved properties as compared to a naturally occurring wild-type ketoreductase enzyme. Also provided are polynucleotides encoding the engineered ketoreductase enzymes, host cells capable of expressing the engineered ketoreductase enzymes, and methods of using the engineered ketoreductase enzymes to synthesize a variety of chiral compounds.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for recycling biomass in fermentation processes, whereby the biomass that accumulates in the production of fermentation products is prepared by means of a special process and is recycled into the system. The prepared biomass can be used again in the fermentative production of vitamins, in particular vitamin B2, as a medium component in fermentation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel species of Acrocarpospora gen. that is capable of producing iodinin. The invention also provides a method of preparing iodinin, and uses of iodinin in inducing cytotoxicity and treating cancers.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel genes mediating the carbon catabolite repression (CCR) of gluconeogenic genes. Furthermore, the polypeptides encoded by said genes as well as the use of said genes in a process for the production of a target fermentation product is provided. Processes for generating such microorganisms are also provided by the present invention. The invention is also related to a genetically engineered microorganism and its use for the production of a target fermentation product, wherein the gluconeogenic genes are relieved from CCR within said microorganism.

Abstract: A process for preparing a 2-hydroxy-4-substituted pyridine compound using a microbiological method, a novel microorganism, and a novel compound are provided. According to the process, a function of a microorganism or a product obtained therefrom is exerted on a 4-substituted pyridine of the general formula (1): wherein R is a methyl group, a carboxyl group, a carbamoyl group, a hydroxyiminomethyl group or a cyano group, to obtain the corresponding 2-hydroxy-4-substituted pyridine compound. The novel microorganisms are the Delftia species YGK-A649 (FERM BP-10389), Delftia species YGK-C217 (FERM BP-10388), or Acidovorax species YGK-A854 (FERM BP-10387) and the novel compound is a 2-hydroxy-4-pyridinaldoxime.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing (3R,4R)-3-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethylpyrrolidine, the compound of formula (I), or (3S,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethylpyrrolidine, the compound of formula (Ia) involving, as a key step, the enzyme-catalysed enantioselective hydrolysis of a racemic 3,4-trans-disubstituted pyrrolidinone compound of formula (II).

Abstract: The invention discloses compounds, compositions and methods useful for preventing and/or treating autoimmune diseases and inflammatory diseases. The methods and compositions utilize water-soluble phenazine compounds, or salts, or solvates thereof. These molecules can be delivered alone or in combination with agents which treat or prevent autoimmune diseases and inflammatory diseases such as those caused by arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a picolinic acid compound. Specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing a picolinic acid compound, which comprises reacting an aromatic compound that contains a phenyl group represented by the following formula (I), (II), or (III) with aromatic ring dioxygenase, aromatic ring dihydrodiol dehydrogenase, and aromatic ring diol dioxygenase, and obtaining a picolinic acid compound (I?), (II?), or (III?). wherein, H1 is an optionally substituted heterocyclic group, A1 is a single bond or an optionally substituted C1-4 alkylene group or alkenylene group, P2 is an optionally substituted phenyl group, and C1 is an optionally substituted cyclic hydrocarbon group (excluding a phenyl group), and where formula II does not represent diphenylacetylene.