Abstract: A process for the enzymatic reduction of an enoate (1) wherein the C?C bond of the enoate (1) is stereoselectively hydrogenated in the presence of an enoate-reductase and an oxidizable co-substrate (2) in a system which is free of NAD(P)H, a. b. in which c. A is a ketone radical (—CRO), an aldehyde radical (—CHO), a carboxyl radical (—COOR), with R?H or optionally substituted C1-C6-alkyl radical, d. R1, R2 and R3 are independently of one another H, —O—C1-C6-alkyl, —O—W with W=a hydroxyl protecting group, C1-C6-alkyl, which can be substituted, C2-C6-alkenyl, carboxyl, or an optionally substituted carbo- or heterocyclic, aromatic or nonaromatic radical, or one of R1, R2 and R3 is a —OH radical, or R1 is linked to R3 so as to become part of a 4-8-membered cycle, or R1 is linked to R so as to become part of a 4-8-membered cycle, with the proviso that R1, R2 and R3 may not be identical.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the enantioselective enzymatic reduction of secodione derivatives. The secodione derivative is reduced with an oxidoreductase/dehydrogenase in the presence of NADH or NADPH as a cofactor. The secodione derivative is used in the reaction batch at a concentration of ?10 g/l and the oxidized cofactor NAD or NADP formed by the oxidoreductase/dehydrogenase is regenerated continuously.

Abstract: Provided are pesticidal compositions comprising 4,5-dihydroxyindan-1-one or derivatives thereof for protecting important crops against mites, fungi, and bacteria. The compositions may be manufactured by fractionating fungal extracts.

Abstract: A novel label-free sensitive detection method by employing a novel sensitive charge sensor is provided. Dissociation constant information is provided by a simple measurement of the dissociation of the target molecule form the target's receptor. The later process is affected by a novel system and its configuration as described herein. Basic objectives are to provide a drug discovery and characterization system that is an improvement over the current state of the art, low cost, highly sensitive, accurate, fast and easy to use. This invention involves both a physical system and a methodology.

Abstract: A process for the enzymatic reduction of an enoate (1) wherein the C?C bond of the enoate (1) is stereoselectively hydrogenated in the presence of an enoate-reductase and an oxidizable co-substrate (2) in a system which is free of NAD(P)H, a. b. in which c. A is a ketone radical (—CRO), an aldehyde radical (—CHO), a carboxyl radical (—COOR), with R?H or optionally substituted C1-C6-alkyl radical, d. R1, R2 and R3 are independently of one another H, —O-C1-C6-alkyl , —O—W with W=a hydroxyl protecting group, C1-C6-alkyl, which can be substituted, C2-C6-alkenyl, carboxyl, or an optionally substituted carbo- or heterocyclic, aromatic or nonaromatic radical, or one of R1, R2 and R3 is a —OH radical, or R1 is linked to R3 so as to become part of a 4-8-membered cycle, or R1 is linked to R so as to become part of a 4-8-membered cycle, with the proviso that R1, R2 and R3 may not be identical.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the enantioselective enzymatic reduction of secodione derivatives. The secodione derivative is reduced with an oxidoreductase/dehydrogenase in the presence of NADH or NADPH as a cofactor. The secodione derivative is used in the reaction batch at a concentration of ?10 g/l and the oxidized cofactor NAD or NADP formed by the oxidoreductase/dehydrogenase is regenerated continuously.

Abstract: A device for detection of magnetic permeability ? or, alternatively, relative magnetic permeability ?r or, alternatively, relative magnetic susceptibility (?r?1) of a sample, wherein said device contains a sample chamber and at least two coils, one coil surrounding said sample chamber and one coil placed so as to be in thermal contact by being physically connected to the material which constitutes the sample chamber, but without surrounding the cavity of the sample chamber, said sample chamber having at least one opening for introduction of a sample or a sample container holding a sample, said device also provided with an electronic circuit which measures the difference in inductance between the two coils.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the enantioselective enzymatic reduction of secodione derivatives. The secodione derivative is reduced with an oxidoreductase/dehydrogenase in the presence of NADH or NADPH as a cofactor. The secodione derivative is used in the reaction batch at a concentration of ?10 g/l and the oxidized cofactor NAD or NADP formed by the oxidoreductase/dehydrogenase is regenerated continuously.

Abstract: The system includes a liquid transport structure configured to hold a sensor for detecting one or more components in a liquid. The liquid transport structure includes a reservoir configured to hold a liquid within the liquid transport structure and a channel configured to transport a liquid held in the reservoir to a sensor held by the liquid transport structure.

Abstract: A method and system for selectively fluorinating organic molecules on a target site wherein the target site is activated and then fluorinated are shown together with a method and system for identifying a molecule having a biological activity.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to anti-microbial compositions and methods for treating fungal and yeast infections.

Abstract: The thin film transistor has a non-transparent structure besides and insulated with the gate. Hence, the light transmitted from the substrate is blocked and the light current induced in the thin film transistor is negligible. The method uses a mask with a slit pattern to form a non-uniform photoresist. Hence, the mask could be used to pattern two conductor layers for forming source/drain/channel.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is provided which is constituted by semiconductor devices including a thin film transistor with a GOLD structure, the GOLD structure thin film transistor being such that: a semiconductor layer, a gate insulating film, and a gate electrode are formed in lamination from the side closer to a substrate; the gate electrode is constituted of a first-layer gate electrode and a second-layer gate electrode shorter in the size than the first-layer gate electrode; the first-layer gate electrode corresponding to the region exposed from the second-layer gate electrode is formed into a tapered shape so as to be thinner toward the end portion; a first impurity region is formed in the semiconductor layer corresponding to the region with the tapered shape; and a second impurity region having the same conductivity as the first impurity region is formed in the semiconductor layer corresponding to the outside of the first-layer gate electrode, which is characterized in that a dry etching process consisting

Abstract: An isolated esterase gene coding for an esterase capable of causing asymmetric hydrolysis of an organic carboxylic acid ester of a cyclopentenolone of formula I: 1

Abstract: An isolated esterase gene coding for an esterase capable of causing asymmetric hydrolysis of an organic carboxylic acid ester of a cyclopentenolone of formula I: wherein R1 is hydrogen or methyl, and R2 is C1-C10 alkyl, C2-C10 alkenyl, C2-C10 alkynyl, C1-C4 haloalkyl, a C5-C9 aliphatic hydrocarbon moiety which may be optionally protected on the terminal hydroxyl group thereof, or a C5-C9 fatty acid residue which may be optionally protected on the terminal carboxyl group thereof, to produce the cyclopentenolone of formula I in (R)-form, and hybridizing to the base sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, is useful for the industrially favorable production of optically active cyclopentenolones of formula I which serve as the intermediates of drugs, agricultural chemicals or other active products.

Abstract: Two gene clusters have been isolated from an Brevibacterium sp HCU that encode the enzymes expected to convert cyclohexanol to adipic acid. Individual open reading frames (ORF's) on each gene cluster are useful for the production of intermediates in the adipic acid biosynthetic pathway or of related molecules. All the ORF's have been sequenced. Identification of gene function has been made on the basis of sequence comparison and biochemical analysis.

Abstract: Methods and products for analyzing polymers are provided. The methods include methods for determining various other structural properties of the polymers.

Abstract: Coniferyl aldehyde can be prepared from eugenol with the aid of fungi or their constituents.

Abstract: Amines in which the amino group is on a secondary carbon atom which is chirally substituted can be enantiomerically enriched by the action of an omega-amino acid transaminase which has the property of preferentially converting one of the two chiral forms to a ketone. The process also can be used to stereoselectively synthesize one chiral form from ketones substantially to the exclusion of the other.

Abstract: Claimed is a process for the production of optically active bicyclo[3.3.0]octanedione-carboxylic acid esters of Formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 jointly represent an oxygen atom, orR.sub.1 and R.sub.2 individually represent the residue OR.sub.4 where R.sub.4 means methyl- or ethyl-, andR.sub.3 is a straight or branched-chain alkyl group of 1-3 carbon atoms,comprising enantioselectively saponifying and decarboxylating with .alpha.-chymotrypsin an optically inactive, prochiral bicyclo[3.3.0]octanedionedicarboxylic acid diester of Formula II ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 have the meanings set forth above, and recovering a compound of Formula I.

Abstract: A process for preparing an optically active cyclopentenone of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group and n is an integer of 4 to 8, which comprises contacting a dl-cyclopentenone ester of the formula: ##STR2## wherein R and n are each as defined above and R' is a lower alkyl group optionally substituted with halogen on an enzyme having a capability of hydrolyzing selectively either one of the d- or l-form isomer in the dl-cyclopentenone ester (II) in an aqueous medium for asymmetric hydrolysis.

Abstract: A process for preparing an optically active 4-hydroxy-2-cyclopentenone of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R.sub.2 is an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an alkynyl group and the asterisk (*) indicates an asymmetric configuration, which comprises subjecting an optically active 4-cyclopentenone-alcohol of the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each as defined above, the asterisk (*) indicates an asymmetric configuration and the substituents R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 take a cis-configuration to rearrangement while maintaining the original steric configuration.

Abstract: A biochemical process for optical resolution of 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-2'-propynyl-2-cyclopentenone, which comprises asymmetrically hydrolyzing organic carboxylic acid (saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acids having 1 to 18 carbon atoms) esters of (.+-.)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-2'-propynyl-2-cyclopentenone by the action of an esterase originated from a microorganism or an animal pancreas to give optically active 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-2'-propynyl-2-cyclopentenone and esters of its antipode with high optical purity is disclosed. This resolution process is simple in steps as compared with the conventionally known organic chemical methods of optical resolution, and is quite advantageous industrially because it does not require expensive optically active reagents.

Abstract: A 4-cyclopentenone of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a lower alkyl group, a lower alkenyl group or a lower alkynyl group and R' is a hydroxyl group or an aliphatic acyloxy group, provided that in case of the dl-form, R' is not a hydroxyl group and also that the substituent R at the 2-position and the methyl group at the 3-position take a cis-configuration in the dl-, d- or l-form.

Abstract: A process for the microbiological conversion of steroids to (2+)-(7aS) 2,3,7,7-tetrahydro-7a-methyl-(1H)-indene-1,5(6H)-dione, hereinafter referred to as the indenedione.

Abstract: Novel compounds prepared by microbial transformation using novel mutants to selectively degrade steroids with or without 17-alkyl side chains of from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, inclusive. These compounds can be used as intermediates to make useful steroids.