Abstract: A fungal microorganism can be engineered by means of genetic engineering to utilise L-arabinose. The genes of the L-arabinose pathway, which were unknown, i.e. L-arabinitol 4-dehydrogenase and L-xylulose reductase, were identified. These genes, together with the known genes of the L-arabinose pathway, form a functional pathway. This pathway can be introduced to a fungus, which is completely or partially lacking this pathway.

Abstract: A modified Family 11 xylanase enzyme comprising a sequence that introduces a functional consensus glycosylation site is provided. Non-limiting examples of introduced glycosylation sites include mutation of the amino acid at position 34, 131, 180, 182, or a combination thereof, to an asparagine. The indicated amino acid position in the Family 11 xylanase is determined from sequence alignment of the xylanase of interest with that of a Trichoderma reesei xylanase II amino acid sequence. The introduced consensus glycosylation site facilitates increased expression efficiency of the modified xylanase when compared to the expression efficiency of a corresponding xylanase from which the modified xylanase was derived, using similar host strains and growth conditions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a modified Saccharomyces yeast which produces significantly lower levels of ethanol than wild-type yeast under aerobic conditions and saccharide concentrations of 2% glucose, and which exhibits a growth rate of at least 30% of the wild-type yeast, preferably containing a chimeric construct of at least 2 saccharide transporters, nucleic acid molecules encoding the chimeras and polypeptides encoded by such sequences, and methods of using the modified yeast for preparing products in the yeast.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for utilizing less purified starch in fermentation processes. One example is a recombinant E. coli containing a exogenous extracellular isoamylase activity that is capable of utilizing small oligomers containing (1,6) linkages (including but not limited to isomaltose and panose) in fermentations to produce useful products. The invention is useful in large-scale industrial biofermentations by reducing the cost of the substrate carbohydrate.

Abstract: A method for obtaining a fermentation product from a sugar hydrolysate obtained from a feedstock containing hemicellulose, by (i) removing suspended fiber solids from said sugar hydrolysate to obtain a clarified sugar solution; (ii) fermenting xylose in the clarified sugar solution in a fermentation reaction with yeast to produce a fermentation broth comprising the fermentation product; (iii) separating the yeast from the fermentation broth to produce a yeast slurry; (vi) treating the yeast slurry thus obtained with an oxidant to kill microbial contaminants, thereby an oxidant-treated yeast slurry; (v) re-introducing at least a portion of the oxidant-treated yeast back to step (ii) to increase the concentration of yeast in said fermentation reaction; and (vi) recovering the fermentation product.

Abstract: A physiologically active substance NK13650P3 having the following physicochemical properties or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof. 1) Appearance: pale yellow powder 2) Molecular formula: C29H37N7O15 3) Molecular weight: 723 4) Hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum: spectrum measured at 600 MHz in heavy water contains the following signals: chemical shift value ? ppm: 7.05(1H, 3), 7.00(1H, d), 6.96(1H, d), 6.83(1H, s), etc. 5) Carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum: spectrum measured at 150 MHz in heavy water contains the following signals: chemical shift value ? ppm: 181.5(s), 181.4(s), 179.9(s), 179.2(s), 174.5(s), 174.3(s), 171.5(s), 165.4(s), etc. 6) Ultraviolet light spectrum: spectrum measured in aqueous solution contains the following UV absorption bands: ?max (MeOH): 196.5 nm, 224.5 nm, 322.5 nm 7) Solubility: highly soluble in water but insoluble in methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform and dimethyl sulfoxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of a valuable compound by cultivation of a microorganism comprising cultivating the microorganism in a medium wherein all nutrients are provided in excess over the whole cultivation period and wherein a suitable amount of oxygen is fed to the culture to maintain the culture under conditions of oxygen limitation.

Abstract: The invention in one aspect is directed to a method for cultivating a Basidiomycete cell in liquid culture medium, said method comprising the steps of providing a Basidiomycete cell capable of being cultivated in a liquid growth medium, and cultivating the Basidiomycete cell under conditions resulting in the production intracellularly or extracellularly of one or more bioactive agent(s) selected from the group consisting of oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, optionally glycosylated peptides or polypeptides, oligonucleotides, polynucleotides, lipids, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, secondary metabolites such as polyketides, terpenes, steroids, shikimic acids, alkaloids and benzodiazepine, wherein said bioactive agent comprises one or more desirable activities, such as anti-tumour activity, immune stimulating activity, and enhancement of survival of an individual.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cellulolytic compositions for degrading or converting cellulose-containing material and methods of producing and using the compositions.

Abstract: A process of producing fermentation product comprising the steps of, (i) forming an acidified suspension of particulate plant derived material comprising a first polysaccharide which is more readily hydrolysable and a second polysaccharide which is more difficult to hydrolysable, (ii) allowing the first polysaccharide to undergo hydrolysis by action of the acid at a temperature of at least 50° C.

Abstract: An objective of the present invention is to provide a method for producing substance PF1022 derivatives, in particular PF1022-220 and PF1022-260, by a direct fermentation method, and a transformant to be used for this method. According to the present invention, there is provided a transformant producing substance FF1022 derivatives, which can be obtained by introducing a genes involved in a biosynthetic pathway from chorismic acid to p-aminophenylpyruvic acid, including a papA gene encoding 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate synthase. which gene comprises the DNA sequence encoding the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2; a papB gene encoding 4-amino-4-deoxyclaismate mutase, which gene comprises the DNA sequence encoding the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4; and a papC gene encoding 4-amino-4-deoxyprepbenate dehydrogenase, which gene comprises the DNA sequence encoding the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6, into a phenylalanine auxotrophic host induced from an organism that produces a substance PF1022.

Abstract: Spalted wood veneer, which can be used in the commercial production of engineered wood flooring having a spatted wood veneer decorative layer, is produced by forming a wood veneer piece, inoculating the wood veneer piece with spalting spores, subjecting the inoculated veneer piece to a predetermined environment, then inspecting the inoculated veneer piece to determine the degree of spalting, and when a desired degree of spalting is reached, deterring continued spalting.

Abstract: The present invention relates to isolated promoter DNA sequences, to DNA constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising these promoters in operative association with coding sequences. The present invention also relates to methods for expressing a gene and/or producing a biological compound using the new promoters isolated. The present invention also relates to methods for altering the transcription level and/or regulation of an endogenous gene using the new promoter of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention discloses mannosyl-glycoprotein endo-beta-N-acetylglucosamidase (E.C.3.2.1.96, endo-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase acting on the di-N-acetylchitobiosyl part of N-linked glycans) from filamentous fungi such as Trichoderma reesei.

Abstract: A highly deacetylated chitosan obtained from microbial biomass, a method of obtaining chitosan from microbial biomass, and biomass for making chitosan are disclosed. The method includes providing chitin-containing biomass; reacting the chitin-containing biomass in a caustic solution of greater than 25 percent alkali at a reaction temperature greater than 95° C. for a reaction period of at least 10 hours to convert the chitin in the biomass to chitosan; and separating the chitosan from the caustic solution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fungal host cells that are transformed with a nucleic acid construct encoding a fungal oxygen-binding proteins or fragments thereof that comprise the oxygen-binding domain. Upon transformation of the host cell with the construct, the oxygen-binding protein confers to the host cell improved fermentation characteristics as compared to untransformed host cells. These characteristics include e.g. increases in oxygen uptake rates, biomass densities, volumetric productivities and/or product yields. The invention further relates to fermentation processes in which the host cells are used and to fungal oxygen binding proteins, in particular fungal flavohemoglobins and hemoglobin domains, and to nucleotides sequences encoding these proteins.

Abstract: [Object] To provide a method for synthesizing derivatives of natural compounds; a method for constructing a compound library containing derivatives of natural compounds; a compound library containing derivatives of natural compounds; and a screening method using a compound library, which are useful for a HTS random screening, a search for drugs or agricultural chemicals, or a search for a lead compound of a drug or an agricultural chemical. [Solving Means] A derivative of an organic compound can be synthesized by culturing a microorganism producing the organic compound in a predetermined culture broth, and reacting the organic compound obtained by the culturing with a reaction reagent for synthesizing the derivative of the organic compound in the culturing broth.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process of fermenting plant material into a fermentation product using a fermenting organism, wherein one or more phytohormones are present during fermentation.

Abstract: The present invention provides method to produce fungi biomass from mycelia comprising inoculating differentiated cells or mycelia into a culture medium which contains at least NaNO3, KH2PO4, MgSO4, KCl, and a source of carbon. This method also includes incubation of said culture under a specific wave length in a specially designed tridimensional closed system or incubator in which all the internal surfaces have all the characteristics of a mirror.

Abstract: A method of breeding a lipid-producing strain belonging to the genus Mortierella. According to the method of breeding a lipid-producing strain which involves an expression-inhibiting step of inhibiting the expression of a specific gene in the lipid-producing strain as described above, a lipid-producing strain belonging to the genus Mortierella can be efficiently and effectively bred.

Abstract: The present invention relates to yeast strains with improved carbohydrate fermentation capacity, in particular to strains transformed with a gene encoding an improved hexose transporter gene, more in particular a mutated HXT3 gene.

Abstract: The invention relates to a nucleotide sequence comprising: a synonymous nucleotide coding sequence with optimized codon frequency such that a native codon has been exchanged with a synonymous codon, said synonymous codon encoding the same amino acid as the native codon and having a higher frequency in codon usage as defined in Table 1 than the native codon; and optionally said nucleotide sequence comprises control sequences such as: one translational termination sequence orientated in 5? towards 3? direction selected from the following list of sequences: TAAG, TAGA and TAAA, preferably TAAA, and/or one translational initiator coding sequence orientated in 5? towards 3? direction selected from the following list of sequences: gctnccyyc, using ambiguity codes for nucleotides: v (A/C/G); n (A/C/G/T), preferably 5?-GCT TCC TTC-3?.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for extracting lipids from microorganisms without using organic solvent as an extraction solvent. In particular, the present invention provides a method for extracting lipids from microorganisms by lysing cells and removing water soluble compound and/or materials by washing the lysed cell mixtures with aqueous washing solutions until a substantially non-emulsified lipid is obtained.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of microorganisms for the generation of ethanol from lignocellulosic waste materials. Yeast strains of the genus Kluyveromyces which have the capability to ferment cellulose, hexose sugars to ethanol are provided. Also provided are methods for converting cellulose, hexoses, or mixed hydrolysates of hexoses to ethanol by fermentation with Kluyveromyces strains. The invention also provides methods to isolate yeast strains which metabolize cellulose, pentoses, or hemicelluloses from waste materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a plant mangrove-associated fungus Curvularia lunata, and a simple and efficient method of obtaining high yield of pure mannitol from a plant mangrove-associated fungus Curvularia lunata, said method comprising steps of cutting the leaves into small pieces and placing it on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates for 48 hours, maintaining the culture at temperature ranging between 26-47° C. and salinity ranging between 4-32 ppt with occasional stress conditions for about 17-19 days to obtain mycelial mat, sonicating the mat to lyse the cells, extracting crude from the sonicated mat using methanol repeatedly, concentrating the crude, treating the concentrated crude extract with solvents of increasing polarity, obtaining aqueous fraction as white powder residue after the treatment containing crude mannitol, purifying the crude mannitol by chromatography to obtain pure mannitol with about 75% of the total crude extract.

Abstract: The present invention provides a production method of a copolymeric polyester which comprises culturing an ACT1 gene promoter shown under SEQ ID NO: 9, a GAP3 gene promoter shown under SEQ ID NO: 10; a PMA1 gene promoter shown under SEQ ID NO: 11, and, a TEF1 gene promoter shown under SEQ ID NO: 12; a plasmid which contains the gene expression unit comprising said promoter; a transformed cell as resulting from transformation of the said plasmid; and said transformed cell.

Abstract: A process to produce 19-nor-10?-carboxylic acids by fungal oxidation of 6-substituted-?6-pregnanes is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a composition for decomposing a majority of food waste into water and carbon dioxide comprising an effective combination of at least two species of microorganisms chosen from bacillus, lactobacillus, burkholderia, yeast fungus, eumycetes or any combinations thereof. A preferred embodiment comprises a combination of four different species of microbes having DNA sequences that correspond to SEQ ID Nos. 5-8 and which were deposited with the Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC) on Mar. 8, 2007, and designated KCTC11085BP; KCTC11086BP; KCTC11087BP; KCTC11088BP, respectively. Also, presented by this invention is a device and methods for decomposing a majority of food waste into water and carbon dioxide using the microbial compositions presented herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the discovery of a novel endophytic fungus, Muscodor vitigenus, from the liana, Paullinia paullinioides. This fungus produces naphthalene under certain cultural conditions that has chromatographic and mass spectral properties that are identical to authentic naphthalene. In a preferred embodiment, the naphthalene in the gas phase of M. vitigenus is useful in the repellency of unwanted insect pests. The unique biological activity of the novel endophyte suggests a wide range of potential practical applications, particularly in the area of insect repellents, insecticides, antimicrobials, anthelmintics and vermicides.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of excysting and growing protozoal oocysts by in vitro tissue culture resulting in production of a continuous culture of merozoites. The invention also provides an economical and reliable supply of cultured Eimeria sp. for vaccine production, assays and research. Domesticated avians that have been vaccinated using the provied Eimeria sp. are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the establishment of a cultivation condition that is suitable for the large-scale production of pharmacologically active filtrates from a culture of A. camphorata, in particular, by optimizing the agitation rate and/or pH value during the cultivation. The present invention also relates to a process for obtaining pharmacologically active compositions from a culture of A. camphorata through a series of fractionation. This invention is further directed to the uses of the above compositions in the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: A process of obtaining ?-keto butyrate by bioconversion is disclosed. The molecule is accumulated in the medium and is apt to subsequent processing to food ingredients, such as top-note flavors. A suitable strain is a natural ilv-3 mutant Neurospora crassa strain, which is capable of accumulating ?-keto butyrate in the fermentation medium. By adjusting specific medium parameters, up to 8 g/l medium of ?-keto butyrate can be accumulated.

Abstract: The present invention is comprised of culturing microorganism having ability to produce FKI-1083 substance represented by the formula: in a medium, accumulating FKI-1083 substance in the cultured medium, and isolating FKI-1083 substance from the cultured mass. The thus obtained FKI-1083 substance has growth inhibitory activities against microorganisms, nematodes and arthropods, and is useful as anthelmintic and insecticide.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of gallic acid using co-culture comprising providing a tannin-rich mixed substrate and a culture medium in fluid communication with each other, adding an induced innoculum comprising the fungi Rhizopus oryzae and Aspergillus foetidus to the substrate to obtain a fermented mass and gallic acid, extracting the gallic acid from the culture medium and the fermented mass using an organic solvent followed by evaporation of the organic solvent to obtain gallic acid.

Abstract: Disclosed are a process for preparation of an optically active 7-substituted 3-(2-aminopropyl)indole compound and an intermediate therefor. In the above preparation process, 7-substituted indole is reacted with L- or DL-serine in the presence of a tryptophan-synthesizing enzyme originating in microorganisms to form corresponding 7-substituted L-tryptophan, and it is subjected, if necessary, to reduction, protection, exchange and elimination.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the establishment of a cultivation condition that is suitable for the large-scale production of pharmacologically active filtrates from a culture of A. camphorata, in particular, by optimizing the agitation rate and/or pH value during the cultivation. The present invention also relates to a process for obtaining pharmacologically active compositions from a culture of A. camphorata through a series of fractionation. This invention is further directed to the uses of the above compositions in the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to Monascus purpureus mutants, which are useful in the preparation of fermentation products having blood pressure lowering activity with a very low amount of citrinin. The invention also provides a process for preparing the fermentation products having blood pressure lowering activity using the Monascus purpureus mutants, and the use of the fermentation products in lowering blood pressure.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of synthesis of a substituted or unsubstituted carbinol compound, comprising the steps of subjecting the corresponding substituted or unsubstituted aromatic aldehyde to acyloin condensation mediated by yeast in the presence of either (a) a supereritical fluid or (b) a liquefied gas, and recovering the carbinol compound. Preferably the yeast is Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In a particularly preferred embodiment the aromatic aldehyde is benzaldehyde and the carbinol is phenylacetylcarbinol, according to the reaction (I): in which the benzaldehyde, the pyruvic acid, or both may optionally be substituted.

Abstract: The present invention provides an external preparation for skin which contains, as a major ingredient, oleaginous substances extracted from sporoderm-broken spores from Ganoderma lucidum. The spores are preferably being treated with germination activation. The oleaginous substances are preferred to be extracted by a supercritical fluid-carbon dioxide (SCF-CO2) method. The oleaginous substances prepared by SCF-CO2 is transparent and odorless. They also demonstrates effects on skin smoothening, wrinkles reduction, aging defiance, inflammation lessening, pigmentation lightening, and irritation alleviation. The external preparation can be a cosmetic or a therapeutic composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the establishment of a cultivation condition that is suitable for the large-scale production of pharmacologically active filtrates from a culture of A. camphorata, in particular, by optimizing the agitation rate and/or pH value during the cultivation. The present invention also relates to a process for obtaining pharmacologically active compositions from a culture of A. camphorata through a series of fractionation. This invention is further directed to the uses of the above compositions in the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a crystalline carotenoid compound, such as ?-carotene, with a purity of at least 95% and with substantially no solvent enclosed in the crystal lattice. The present invention further describes a process to prepare such a highly pure crystalline carotenoid compound from microbial biomass, without the use of a solvent extraction and/or an anti-solvent crystallization process.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for preparing a biological fertilizer composition that comprises yeast cells and swine manure. The yeast cells of the invention have an enhanced ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, decompose phosphorus minerals and compounds, decompose potassium minerals and compounds, decompose complex carbon compounds, overproduce growth factors, overproduce ATP, decompose undesirable chemicals, suppress growth of pathogenic microorganisms, or reduce undesirable odor.

Abstract: A biochemical synthesis apparatus comprises a receptacle for containing a medium, and a support on which a microorganism can be placed. The support can be placed in contact with the medium, so as to allow access of the microorganism to the medium. The support with the microorganism can be removed from the medium, allowing the medium to be replaced. By this, the receptacle can firstly contain a growth medium, and secondly a secondary medium capable of causing the production by the microorganism of a potentially useful biochemical.

Abstract: A process for preparing beta-fructofuranosidase enzyme and a process for producing fructooligosaccharides, in which the preparation of the enzyme is obtained by cultivating the fungus Aspergillus niger, either wild or mutated, in a preferably semi-solid culture medium, in order to produce an extracellular enzyme, which is submitted to transfructosylation for producing fructooligosaccharides comprising sugars which are formed by one unit of sacrose and by two, three and four units of fructose.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for preparing a biological fertilizer composition that comprises yeast cells and poultry manure. The yeast cells of the invention have an enhanced ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, decompose phosphorus minerals and compounds, decompose potassium minerals and compounds, decompose complex carbon compounds, overproduce growth factors, overproduce ATP, decompose undesirable chemicals, suppress growth of pathogenic microorganisms, or reduce undesirable odor.

Abstract: C. cohnii is cultured in a suitable growth medium with acetic acid/acetate as the main carbon source. The acetate is provided, and replenished, by adding acetic acid to the growth medium in response to an increase in pH resulting from the utilisation of acetic acid/acetate by C. cohnii. The C. cohnii produces relatively high levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). A stationary phase is not essential for satisfactory DHA production.

Abstract: A process for the heterotrophic or predominantly heterotrophic production of whole-celled or extracted microbial products with a high concentration of omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids, producible in an aerobic culture under controlled conditions using biologically pure cultures of heterotrophic single-celled fungi microorganisms of the order Thraustochytriales. The harvested whole-cell microbial product can be added to processed foods as a nutritional supplement, or to fish and animal feeds to enhance the omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid content of products produced from these animals. The lipids containing these fatty acids can also be extracted and used in nutritional, pharmaceutical and industrial applications.

Abstract: The present invention provides a high production method of prenyl alcohol, which comprises culturing prenyl alcohol-producing cells in a medium with an increased sugar content in the presence of at least one member selected from the group consisting of a surfactant, a fat or oil, and a terpene to produce and accumulate prenyl alcohol in the cells; allowing the accumulated prenyl alcohol to be secreted from the cells; and then collecting prenyl alcohol. The present invention enables prenyl alcohol to be highly produced in and effectively secreted from prenyl alcohol-producing cells by culturing the cells in a medium with an increased sugar content in the presence of at least one member selected from the group consisting of a surfactant, a fat or oil, and a terpene.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing geranylgeraniol and analogous compounds thereof, which comprises culturing yeast cells (ascomycetes and deuteromycetes), bacterial cells, actinomycete cells or filamentous fungus cells, all of which are capable of producing geranylgeraniol and analogous compounds thereof, in a medium to produce and accumulate geranylgeraniol and analogous compounds thereof in the cells and/or in the extracellular environment; and then collecting these compounds. The present invention enables inexpensive mass production of geranylgeraniol and analogous compounds thereof by using microorganisms capable of producing geranylgeraniol, farnesol and/or nerolidol useful as biosynthetic intermediates of terpenes, carotenoids and/or steroids.

Abstract: Recombinant microorganisms and related methods of use to enhance tolerance to toxic substances. In particular, such microorganisms and methods can be used to increase solvent production.