Abstract: Methods for the evolution of NADPH specific ketol-acid reductoisomerase enzymes to acquire NADH specificity are provided. Specific mutant ketol-acid reductoisomerase enzymes isolated from Pseudomonas that have undergone co-factor switching to utilize NADH are described.

Abstract: A heat-resistant flavin-bound glucose dehydrogenase having a high substrate specificity for D-glucose, an method for producing the same, and a transformant used for the same. A flavin-bound glucose dehydrogenase gene encoding a flavin-bound glucose dehydrogenase derived from Mucor is introduced into yeast, Zygosaccharomyces, to obtain a transformant. Subsequently, the yeast transformant is cultured to obtain a flavin-bound glucose dehydrogenase from the culture. The heat-resistant flavin-bound glucose dehydrogenase is less susceptible to the effects of dissolved oxygen and allows accurate measurement of glucose even in the presence of sugar compounds other than glucose in a sample.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel phenylethanol dehydrogenase mutants, to a method for the manufacture thereof; to coded nucleic acid sequences therefor, to expression cassettes, to vectors and recombinant microorganisms that contain said sequences; to a method for the biocatalytic synthesis of substituted, optically active alcohols and to the use of said mutants; and particularly to a method for manufacturing duloxetine alcohol or duloxetine, comprising a synthesis step catalyzed biocatalytic by said mutants.

Abstract: In order to provide: a phosphite dehydrogenase protein having both improved solubility and improved heat stability; a method for producing a gene encoding the phosphite dehydrogenase protein; a method for producing the phosphite dehydrogenase protein; and use of the phosphite dehydrogenase protein, (i) a phosphite dehydrogenase protein having a specific amino acid sequence and (ii) a gene encoding the phosphite dehydrogenase protein are used.

Abstract: Provided herein are polypeptides having ketol-aid reductoisomerase activity as well as microbial host cells comprising such polypeptides. Polypeptides provided herein may be used in biosynthetic pathways, including, but not limited to, isobutanol biosynthetic pathways.

Abstract: Microbial production of pyruvate and metabolites derived from pyruvate in cells exhibiting reduced pyruvate dehydrogenase activity compared to wild-type cells. Acetate and glucose are supplied as a carbon sources.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a mutant lactate oxidase having increased stability, a nucleic acid encoding the mutant lactate oxidase, an expression vector comprising the nucleic acid, a host cell comprising the nucleic acid or the expression vector, a method of determining lactate in a sample, the use of the mutant lactate oxidase for determining lactate, a device for determining lactate in a sample using the mutant lactate oxidase and a kit for determining lactate comprising the mutant lactate oxidase.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides mutant cells for the secretion of proteins and for the degradation of lignocellulosic biomass. Methods for the use of these cells are also provided. Specifically, the utility of combined genetic deletions of ?-glucosidases and the catabolite repressor gene creA/cre-1 for protein secretion in fungal and yeast cells is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention discloses novel polypeptides and enzyme preparations containing them, which enhance the efficiency of the cellulosic degradation even at elevated temperatures. The polypeptides are produced by recombinant technology, and means for their production are described. The novel polypeptides are useful in processing biomass, and in biofuel, starch, textile, detergent, pulp and paper, food, feed or beverage industries. They may also be used e.g. in cleaning the interior of a dishwashing machine or for biofinishing or biostoning. The novel polypeptides are also useful in animal feed.

Abstract: Recombinant butyraldehyde dehydrogenases (Blds) with improved production of 1,4-BDO, as well as recombinant microorganisms comprising polynucleotides encoding the recombinant Blds, and methods of producing 1,4-BDO by using the recombinant microorganisms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to glucose dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+GDH] using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate as a coenzyme, in which the thermal stability and/or the resistance to an organic solvent in the absence of sodium chloride are improved.

Abstract: The present invention relates to recombinant microorganisms comprising biosynthetic pathways and methods of using said recombinant microorganisms to produce various beneficial metabolites. In various aspects of the invention, the recombinant microorganisms may further comprise one or more modifications resulting in the reduction or elimination of 3 keto-acid (e.g., acetolactate and 2-aceto-2-hydroxybutyrate) and/or aldehyde-derived by-products. In various embodiments described herein, the recombinant microorganisms may be microorganisms of the Saccharomyces clade, Crabtree-negative yeast microorganisms, Crabtree-positive yeast microorganisms, post-WGD (whole genome duplication) yeast microorganisms, pre-WGD (whole genome duplication) yeast microorganisms, and non-fermenting yeast microorganisms.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides ketoreductase enzymes having improved properties as compared to a naturally occurring wild-type ketoreductase enzyme. Also provided are polynucleotides encoding the engineered ketoreductase enzymes, host cells capable of expressing the engineered ketoreductase enzymes, method of using the engineered ketoreductase enzymes to synthesize a variety of chirally pure compounds, and the chirally pure compounds prepared therewith.

Abstract: A naturally occurring or recombinant urate oxidase (uricase) covalently coupled to poly(ethylene glycol) or poly(ethylene oxide) (both referred to as PEG), wherein an average of 2 to 10 strands of PEG are conjugated to each uricase subunit and the PEG has an average molecular weight between about 5 kDa and 100 kDa. The resulting PEG-uricase conjugates are substantially non-immunogenic and retain at least 75% of the uricolytic activity of the unmodified enzyme.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides engineered ketoreductase enzymes having improved properties as compared to a naturally occurring wild-type ketoreductase enzyme. Also provided are polynucleotides encoding the engineered ketoreductase enzymes, host cells capable of expressing the engineered ketoreductase enzymes, and methods of using the engineered ketoreductase enzymes to synthesize a variety of chiral compounds.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides engineered ketoreductase enzymes having improved properties as compared to a naturally occurring wild-type ketoreductase enzyme. Also provided are polynucleotides encoding the engineered ketoreductase enzymes, host cells capable of expressing the engineered ketoreductase enzymes, and methods of using the engineered ketoreductase enzymes to synthesize a variety of chiral compounds.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a hydroxylated form of a compound having an adamantane skeleton, which is useful as an intermediate for functional resins and pharmaceutical products, with high yield and at low cost. Specifically, a hydroxylated form of a compound having an adamantane skeleton can be obtained by using cytochrome P450. More specifically, an N-(5-hydroxy-2-adamantyl)-benzamide derivative can be produced by hydroxylating an N-(2-adamantyl)-benzamide derivative.

Abstract: Organisms are provided which express enzymes such as glycerol dehydratase, diol dehydratase, acyl-CoA transferase, acyl-CoA synthetase ?-ketothiolase, acetoacetyl-CoA reductase, PHA synthase, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and glycerol-3-phosphatase, which are useful for the production of PHAs. In some cases one or more of these genes are native to the host organism and the remainder are provided from transgenes. These organisms produce poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) homopolymers or co-polymers incorporating 3-hydroxypropionate or 3-hydroxyvalerate monomers wherein the 3-hydroxypropionate and 3-hydroxyvalreate units are derived from the enzyme catalysed conversion of diols. Suitable diols that can be used include 1,2-propanediol, 1,3 propanediol and glycerol. Biochemical pathways for obtaining the glycerol from normal cellular metabolites are also described.

Abstract: A dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD) in a germ is recombined. The new DLD is applied in a solution to degrade an ether bond of an organic polymer. With the present invention, bioremediation is accomplished without secondary pollution of compounds which have environmental hormones.

Abstract: The instant invention is drawn to the methods and compositions necessary to provide recombinant proteins with a substantially reduced or eliminated content of norleucine or other non-standard amino acids. Various embodiments of the invention provide for the substantial elimination of the incorporation of non-standard amino acids into recombinant proteins by the co-expression or enhanced expression of a protein (or the enzymatically active portion thereof) capable of degrading norleucine or other non-standard amino acids, including norvaline, beta-methylnorleucine, and homoisoleucine. In certain particular embodiments of the invention, the norleucine is degraded by a glutamate dehydrogenase, a leucine dehydrogenase, a valine dehydrogenase, a phenylalanine dehydrogenase, a glutamate/leucine/phenylalanine/valine dehydrogenase, or an opine dehydrogenase. Also provided are the cells and DNA constructs for carrying out these methods.

Abstract: A method for designing a heat-resistant mutant enzyme, the method including the step of reducing a distance between the ?4 helix and the ?6 helix in a protein three-dimensional structure to become smaller than that of a wild type enzyme through deletion, replacement, addition, or insertion of one or several amino acids in the amino acid sequence of the wild type enzyme with respect to tyrosine-dependent short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase.

Abstract: A method for improving the thermostability of a protein includes introducing, into the protein, two or more amino acid substitutions selected from the group consisting of: (i) substitution of an arginine residue for a lysine residue, (ii) substitution of a threonine residue for a serine residue, and (iii) substitution of an alanine residue for a serine residue.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel polypeptide vitamin K epoxide recycling polypeptide (VKORC1) as a target for coumarin and its derivatives. The invention further provides methods for identifying coumarin derivatives, and also claims VKORC1 polypeptides and VKORC1 nucleic acids containing a sequence abnormality associated with a VKORC1 associated deficiency such as warfarin resistance, wherein the VKORC1 polypeptides and VKORC1 nucleic acids can be used for diagnosing these deficiencies. Moreover, the invention relates to methods for identifying coumarin derivatives usable in pest control of rodents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an industrial process for the reduction of 4-androstene-3,17-dione in order to obtain testosterone using a particularly stable and selective enzyme produced in a recombinant manner.

Abstract: A flavin-bound glucose dehydrogenase (FAD-GDH) with high substrate specificity for D-glucose. A gene encoding a mutant FAD-GDH with its N-terminal region, containing an amino acid sequence corresponding to MKITAAIITVATAFASFASA that exists in the N-terminal region, deleted from the amino acid sequence of a wild-type FAD-GDH derived from Mucor is introduced into E. coli to obtain an E. coli transformant. Subsequently, this E. coli transformant is cultured to obtain an FAD-GDH with a specific N-terminal region deleted. The transformant allows the production of a large amount of GDH in a short time as compared with the original microorganism. An FAD-GDH that is less susceptible to the effects of dissolved oxygen and allows accurate measurement of glucose even in the presence of sugar compounds other than glucose in a sample.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose dehydrogenase and to a novel compound produced therefrom. More specifically, provided is a 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose dehydrogenase which can produce 3,6-anhydrogalactonic acid of a novel type by metabolizing 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose.

Abstract: The present invention describes an alternative approach to increase GABA production in prokaryotes or eukaryotes, namely by the insertion of the putrescine catabolic pathway in organisms where the pathway does not exist or has not clearly been identified. The invention describes methods for the use of polynucleotides that encode functional putrescine aminotransferase (PAT) and gamma-aminobutyricaldehyde dehydrogenase (GABAlde DeHase) polypeptides in plants to increase GABA production. The preferred embodiment of the invention is in plants but other organisms may be used. Changes in GABA availability will improve growth and increase tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel PQQ-dependent soluble glucose dehydrogenases (sPQQGDH) which have an increased substrate specificity compared with the wild type, and also to methods for production and identification thereof.

Abstract: The present invention describes an alternative approach to increase GABA production in prokaryotes or eukaryotes, namely by the insertion of the putrescine catabolic pathway in organisms where the pathway does not exist or has not clearly been identified. The invention describes methods for the use of polynucleotides that encode functional putrescine aminotransferase (PAT) and gamma-aminobutyricaldehyde dehydrogenase (GABAlde DeHase) polypeptides in plants to increase GABA production. The preferred embodiment of the invention is in plants but other organisms may be used. Changes in GABA availability will improve growth and increase tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress.

Abstract: The invention relates to C1 lignocellulose degradation enzyme nucleic acid and protein sequences and expression of recombinant C1 lignocellulose degradation enzymes. The invention provides methods for degrading a cellulosic biomass by contacting the biomass with a recombinant C1 lignocellulose degradation enzyme of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention deals with a method of producing 2,4-dihydroxybutyric acid (2,4-DHB) by a synthetic pathway comprising the transformation of malate in 4-phospho-malate using a malate kinase, said 4-phospho-malate being transformed in malate-4-semialdehyde using a malate semialdehyde dehydrogenase and said malate-4-semialdehyde being transformed in 2,4-DHB using a DHB dehydrogenase.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for treating lignocellulosic material with a xylanase enzyme having xylanase activity. The enzyme is stable and active at increased pHs and temperatures. The present invention therefore provides methods for hydrolyzing lignocellulosic material, especially cellulose and hemicellulose, which are major components of the cell wall of non-woody and woody plants. The methods for hydrolyzing cellulose and hemicellulose can be used on any plant, wood or wood product, wood waste, paper pulp, paper product or paper waste or byproduct.

Abstract: The present invention relates to mutant alcohol dehydrogenase enzymes, microorganisms comprising same, and methods for the production of one or more products by microbial fermentation using said microorganisms.

Abstract: A fusion protein of pyrroloquinoline quinone glucose dehydrogenase (PQQGDH) and a cytochrome is disclosed. PQQGDH is, for example, a water-soluble PQQGDH derived from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. The cytochrome is, for example, an electron transfer domain of quinohemoprotein ethanol dehydrogenase from Comamonas testosteroni. The fusion protein of the present invention shows intramolecular electron transfer from PQQ, a redox center, to the cytochrome, which allow construction of a direct electron transfer-type glucose sensor which requires no electron mediators.

Abstract: Problem: To provide a microorganism with an ability to produce deoxy polyol dehydrogenase. Means for Resolution: A microorganism belonging to genus Enterobacter with an ability to produce a dehydrogenase for deoxy polyol of the same structure at the positions C2 and C3 as that of ribitol or L-iditol. The bacterial cell IK7 of the genus Enterobacter (accession No. NITE P-271). A method for producing deoxy ketose comprising allowing a culture containing the deoxy polyol dehydrogenase obtained by the culturing of the microorganism of the invention or allowing the deoxy polyol dehydrogenase to react with a solution containing deoxy polyol of the same structure at the positions C2 and C3 as that of ribitol or L-iditol to oxidize deoxy polyol to produce the corresponding deoxy ketose and then collecting the deoxy ketose. The deoxy polyol is 1-deoxy-D-allitol, while the corresponding deoxy ketose is 1-deoxy-L-psicose.

Abstract: Provided are compositions comprising one or more isoforms of an erythropoietin (“EPO”) comprising glycans linked thereto, wherein the glycans have Lewis x structures and on average at least six sialic acid moieties per EPO molecule. Further provided are methods for obtaining a composition comprising one or more isoforms of EPO comprising glycans linked thereto, wherein the glycans comprise on average at least six sialic acids per EPO molecule and from zero to two Lewis x structures, the method comprising: a) providing a eukaryotic cell containing a nucleic acid sequence encoding an adenoviral E1A protein in expressible format and a nucleic acid encoding EPO in expressible format, wherein the cell further contains a nucleic acid sequence encoding a sialyltransferase, e.g.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for enriching monomer content in a cycloalkane oxidation process mixed organic waste stream. In particular, the methods involve combining a biocatalyst with a mixed organic waste stream from a cycloalkane oxidation process, and enzymatically converting dimeric and/or oligomeric components of said waste stream into monomeric components. The methods may enrich the content of diacids, adipic acid, and/or other ?,?-difunctional C6 alkanes in the mixed organic waste stream. Additionally, the treated mixed organic waste streams may have improved burning efficiency.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel microbial 7?-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (7?-HSDH) knockout mutants and to the use thereof for producing other HSDHs having various functionalities, such as 3?-, 7?- or 12?-HSDH, and to the use of thus-produced HSDH enzymes in enzymatic reactions of cholic acid compounds, and in particular for producing ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCS). The invention relates in particular to novel methods for synthesizing UDCS.

Abstract: Described are compositions and methods that involve using bleaching enzymes in dish detergents. In some preferred embodiments, the bleaching enzyme comprises at least one laccase, while in some alternative preferred embodiments, the bleaching enzyme comprises at least one glucose oxidase suitable for use in dish detergents. In some additional preferred embodiments, the dish detergents are machine dish detergents.

Abstract: An L-amino acid is produced by culturing a microorganism belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae having an L-amino acid-producing ability and modified so that glycerol dehydrogenase and dihydroxyacetone kinase activities are increased, in a medium containing glycerol as a carbon source to produce and accumulate an L-amino acid in the medium or cells, and collecting the L-amino acid from the medium or the cells.

Abstract: The present invention provides diagnostic methods for determining the risk of developing an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in a fetus or child by detecting in a biological sample from the mother antibodies that bind to one or more biomarkers selected from the group consisting of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), guanine deaminase (GDA), collapsin response mediator protein 1 (CRMP1), stress-induced phosphoprotein 1 (STIP1), alpha subunit of the barbed-end actin binding protein Cap Z (CAPZA2), Y Box Binding Protein 1 (YBX1), eukaryotic translation and elongation factor 1A1 (EEF1A1), microtubule-associated protein Tau (MAPT), dihydropyrimidinase-like protein 2 (DPYSL2), dynamin 1-like protein (DNM1L), radixin (RDX), moesin (MSN), and ezrin (EZR).

Abstract: The present disclosure provides engineered ketoreductase enzymes having improved properties as compared to a naturally occurring wild-type ketoreductase enzyme including the capability of reducing 5-((4S)-2-oxo-4-phenyl(1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl))-1-(4-fluorophenyl)pentane-1,5-dione to (4S)-3-[(5S)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-hydroxypentanoyl]-4-phenyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one. Also provided are polynucleotides encoding the engineered ketoreductase enzymes, host cells capable of expressing the engineered ketoreductase enzymes, and methods of using the engineered ketoreductase enzymes to synthesize the intermediate (4S)-3-[(5S)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-hydroxypentanoyl]-4-phenyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one in a process for making Ezetimibe.

Abstract: The invention provides a flavin-binding glucose dehydrogenase exhibiting reduced fluctuation of activity depending on temperature environment, and a method for measuring glucose concentration using the flavin-binding glucose dehydrogenase. The flavin-binding glucose dehydrogenase has the following properties (1) to (3): (1) activity: which exhibits glucose dehydrogenase activity in the presence of an electron acceptor; (2) substrate specificity: which exhibits an activity of 10% or less against maltose, D-galactose, D-fructose, sorbitol, lactose and sucrose when the activity against D-glucose is defined as 100%; and (3) temperature characteristics: which exhibits lower fluctuation of activity in a wide temperature range of 10 to 50° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a nucleic acid molecule comprising a section that encodes a signal peptide, a section that comprises a heterologous redox factor-regenerating polypeptide, an optional section that encodes a protease detection site, a section that encodes a transmembrane linker, and a section that encodes a transporter domain of an autotransporter or a variant thereof. The nucleic acid molecule enables the expression of redox factor-regenerating enzymes.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides engineered ketoreductase enzymes having improved properties as compared to a naturally occurring wild-type ketoreductase enzyme. Also provided are polynucleotides encoding the engineered ketoreductase enzymes, host cells capable of expressing the engineered ketoreductase enzymes, and methods of using the engineered ketoreductase enzymes to synthesize a variety of chiral compounds.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for producing a polyol oxidase in micoroorganisms, and the use of polyol oxidases in cleaning compositions. The invention includes cleaning compositions that contain combinations of two or more POx oxidases, and cleaning compositions that contain combinations of two or more POx oxidases and a perhydrolase. In particular, the invention provides methods for expressing polyol oxidases in bacterial hosts for use in detergent applications for cleaning, bleaching and disinfecting.

Abstract: The invention relates to a glucose dehydrogenase showing an NADP/NAD activity ratio, namely the value obtained by dividing the enzyme activity value obtained by using NADP as a coenzyme by the enzyme activity value obtained by using NAD as a coenzyme, of not lower than 300, to a gene coding therefor, and to a transformant harboring that gene. The enzyme of the invention is very high in NADP specificity and can be suitably used, for example, for NADPH production, for coenzyme regeneration in enzymatic reduction reactions, and in biosensors for glucose concentration measurements.

Abstract: The invention is based on the surprising finding that proteins regulated by excessive EGFR signalling in the liver may be used as biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis and/or monitoring of treatment of diseases, including liver cell dysplasia or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), wherein the protein is selected from a first group consisting of Arginase type II, 4931406C07Rik (Ester hydrolase C11orf54 homolog), Akr1c12 protein, Alanyl-tRNA synthetase, Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C14, Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C6, Aldolase 3, Alpha glucosidase 2, Beta 5-tubulin, Cai protein (Pdia4), cDNA sequence BC021917 (dihydroxyacetone kinase 2 homolog), Farnesyl diphosphate synthetase, Fatty acid binding protein 5 epidermal, Inosine triphosphatase, Interleukin 25, Kininogen 1, LIM and SH3 protein 1, Major vault protein, Nucb1 protein, Poly(rC) binding protein 2; heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein X, Psmd11 protein, RIKEN cDNA 2410004H02, Rps12 protein, Sars1 protein, Sorcin, T43799 proteasome protein p

Abstract: A thermophilic microorganism comprising a modification that prevents sporulation, wherein the modification inactivates the native spo0A gene.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides engineered ketoreductase enzymes having improved properties as compared to a naturally occurring wild-type ketoreductase enzyme. Also provided are polynucleotides encoding the engineered ketoreductase enzymes, host cells capable of expressing the engineered ketoreductase enzymes, and methods of using the engineered ketoreductase enzymes to synthesize a variety of chiral compounds. The engineered ketoreductase polypeptides are optimized for catalyzing the conversion of N,N-dimethyl-3-keto-3-(2-thienyl)-1-ketopropanamine to (S)—N,N-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-3-(2-thienyl)-1-propanamine.