Abstract: The invention describes compounds, compositions, and methods of using the same comprising a chemical moiety covalently attached to amphetamine. These compounds and compositions are useful for reducing or preventing abuse and overdose of amphetamine. These compounds and compositions find particular use in providing an abuse-resistant alternative treatment for certain disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), ADD, narcolepsy, and obesity. Oral bioavailability of amphetamine is maintained at therapeutically useful doses. At higher doses bioavailability is substantially reduced, thereby providing a method of reducing oral abuse liability. Further, compounds and compositions of the invention decrease the bioavailability of amphetamine by parenteral routes, such as intravenous or intranasal administration, further limiting their abuse liability.

Abstract: The invention describes compounds, compositions, and methods of using the same comprising a chemical moiety covalently attached to amphetamine. These compounds and compositions are useful for reducing or preventing abuse and overdose of amphetamine. These compounds and compositions find particular use in providing an abuse-resistant alternative treatment for certain disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), ADD, narcolepsy, and obesity. Oral bioavailability of amphetamine is maintained at therapeutically useful doses. At higher doses bioavailability is substantially reduced, thereby providing a method of reducing oral abuse liability. Further, compounds and compositions of the invention decrease the bioavailability of amphetamine by parenteral routes, such as intravenous or intranasal administration, further limiting their abuse liability.

Abstract: The invention describes compounds, compositions, and methods of using the same comprising a chemical moiety covalently attached to amphetamine. These compounds and compositions are useful for reducing or preventing abuse and overdose of amphetamine. These compounds and compositions find particular use in providing an abuse-resistant alternative treatment for certain disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), ADD, narcolepsy, and obesity. Oral bioavailability of amphetamine is maintained at therapeutically useful doses. At higher doses bioavailability is substantially reduced, thereby providing a method of reducing oral abuse liability. Further, compounds and compositions of the invention decrease the bioavailability of amphetamine by parenteral routes, such as intravenous or intranasal administration, further limiting their abuse liability.

Abstract: The present invention describes compounds, compositions and methods of using the same comprising lysine covalently attached to amphetamine. These compounds and compositions are useful for reducing or preventing abuse and overdose of amphetamine. These compounds and compositions find particular use in providing an abuse-resistant alternative treatment for certain disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), ADD, narcolepsy, and obesity. Oral bioavailability of amphetamine is maintained at therapeutically useful doses. At higher doses bioavailability is substantially reduced, thereby providing a method of reducing oral abuse liability. Further, compounds and compositions of the invention decrease the bioavailability of amphetamine by parenteral routes, such as intravenous or intranasal administration, further limiting their abuse liability.

Abstract: The invention describes compounds, compositions, and methods of using the same comprising a chemical moiety covalently attached to amphetamine. These compounds and compositions are useful for reducing or preventing abuse and overdose of amphetamine. These compounds and compositions find particular use in providing an abuse-resistant alternative treatment for certain disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), ADD, narcolepsy, and obesity. Oral bioavailability of amphetamine is maintained at therapeutically useful doses. At higher doses bioavailability is substantially reduced, thereby providing a method of reducing oral abuse liability. Further, compounds and compositions of the invention decrease the bioavailability of amphetamine by parenteral routes, such as intravenous or intranasal administration, further limiting their abuse liability.

Abstract: A method for determining potential for body odor and a method for determining the effectiveness of a deodorant carried out by detecting a substance represented by the following formula (1) or a derivative thereof: wherein R1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R2 is an alkyl group containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and R3 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.

Abstract: The invention describes compounds, compositions, and methods of using the same comprising a chemical moiety covalently attached to amphetamine. These compounds and compositions are useful for reducing or preventing abuse and overdose of amphetamine. These compounds and compositions find particular use in providing an abuse-resistant alternative treatment for certain disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), ADD, narcolepsy, and obesity. Oral bioavailability of amphetamine is maintained at therapeutically useful doses. At higher doses bioavailability is substantially reduced, thereby providing a method of reducing oral abuse liability. Further, compounds and compositions of the invention decrease the bioavailability of amphetamine by parenteral routes, such as intravenous or intranasal administration, further limiting their abuse liability.

Abstract: The invention describes compounds, compositions, and methods of using the same comprising a chemical moiety covalently attached to amphetamine. These compounds and compositions are useful for reducing or preventing abuse and overdose of amphetamine. These compounds and compositions find particular use in providing an abuse-resistant alternative treatment for certain disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), ADD, narcolepsy, and obesity. Oral bioavailability of amphetamine is maintained at therapeutically useful doses. At higher doses bioavailability is substantially reduced, thereby providing a method of reducing oral abuse liability. Further, compounds and compositions of the invention decrease the bioavailability of amphetamine by parenteral routes, such as intravenous or intranasal administration, further limiting their abuse liability.

Abstract: The invention describes compounds, compositions, and methods of using the same comprising a chemical moiety covalently attached to amphetamine. These compounds and compositions are useful for reducing or preventing abuse and overdose of amphetamine. These compounds and compositions find particular use in providing an abuse-resistant alternative treatment for certain disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), ADD, narcolepsy, and obesity. Oral bioavailability of amphetamine is maintained at therapeutically useful doses. At higher doses bioavailability is substantially reduced, thereby providing a method of reducing oral abuse liability. Further, compounds and compositions of the invention decrease the bioavailability of amphetamine by parenteral routes, such as intravenous or intranasal administration, further limiting their abuse liability.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to assays and kits for detecting and quantifying damage caused by a parasite in a subject and monitoring the progression of parasitic disease in a subject.

Abstract: The present invention provides various biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The present invention also provides various methods of using the biomarkers, including methods for diagnosis of AD, methods of determining predisposition to AD, methods of monitoring progression/regression of AD, methods of assessing efficacy of compositions for treating AD, methods of screening compositions for activity in modulating biomarkers of AD, methods of treating AD, as well as other methods based on biomarkers of AD.

Abstract: Methods of using amino acid precursors of the serotonin and catecholamine neurotransmitter systems and laboratory urinary assay of serotonin and catecholamine neurotransmitter levels for optimal treatment of transporters for neurotransmitters, and or neurotransmitter dysfunction and dysfunction of systems regulated or controlled by the serotonin and/or catecholamine neurotransmitter systems. The methods may also include determining a urinary neurotransmitter phase response to a change in dosing of supplemental amino acid precursors of the serotonin and catecholamine neurotransmitters to optimally treat neurotransmitter transporters, neurotransmitter dysfunction and dysfunction of systems regulated or controlled by the serotonin and/or catecholamine neurotransmitter systems.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to hapten compounds comprising either (+) methamphetamine or (+) amphetamine conjugated to a linker. Generally speaking, hapten compounds of the invention may be used to elicit an immune response to one or more of (+) methamphetamine, (+) amphetamine, or (+) MDMA.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for detecting and quantifying metabolites in a biological sample by measuring the concentration of a test metabolite in the sample and comparing that concentration against the concentration of the reference metabolite; enabling accurate metabolite concentration measurements to determine aberrant drug usage patterns. Also disclosed is an analytical testing device and related computer-assisted products for detecting and quantifying metabolites in a biological sample efficiently and accurately.

Abstract: A non-reactive monomer mixture has a monomer component dispersed in a melted diaryl carbonate. The monomer component has one or more monomer compounds having a melting point below the melting point of the diaryl carbonate. Furthermore, the monomer component has less than 600 ppb alkali metal, an acid stabilizer, or both less than 600 ppb alkali metal and an acid stabilizer. The monomer compounds of the monomer component and the diaryl carbonate are present in a mole ratio of from 0.9 to 1.1. The monomer mixture is at a temperature between the melting temperature of the lowest melting monomer compound and the melting temperature of the diaryl carbonate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for staining membranes, in particular, a method for selective staining of cells using voltage-sensitive dyes.

Abstract: A method for determining potential for body odor and a method for determining the effectiveness of a deodorant carried out by detecting a substance represented by the following formula (1) or a derivative thereof: wherein R1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R2 is an alkyl group containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and R3 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.

Abstract: A non-reactive monomer mixture is formed from a dihydroxy component having one or more dihydroxy compounds dissolved in a melted diaryl carbonate. The dihydroxy component has less than 600 ppb alkali metal, an acid stabilizer, or both less than 600 ppb alkali metal and an acid stabilizer. The dihydroxy compounds of the dihydroxy component and the diaryl carbonate are present in a mole ratio of from 0.9 to 1.1. The monomer mixture is at a temperature between the saturation point of the monomer mixture and the highest melting temperature of the individual dihydroxy compounds. The non-reactive monomer mixture can be stored and transported and then polymerized to form polycarbonate upon addition of a catalyst.

Abstract: There is disclosed an apparatus and method for detecting and measuring volatile acidic or basic components including ammonia, ammonium, or volatile amines (compound) in a gas or liquid state fluid. Specifically, the present invention provides a PTFE-carrier solid phase indicator film having an ammonia-sensitive indicator dye embedded therein, such that the dye moiety changes color or spectral properties upon exposure to the compound to be detected.

Abstract: Compounds linked to a solid support through a divalent linker moiety are disclosed. In particular, compounds such as 1-hydroxybenzotriazole-6-carboxylic acid are directly linked to the support under mild conditions (i.e., in aqueous or organic solvents at neutral pH and at room temperature). The polymer bound 1-hydroxybenzotriazole-6-carboxylic acid can be used for the derivatization of amines as well as for single step amino group modification of proteins, peptides, and amines via acylation or sulfonylation reactions. A flow through device and method for the single step amino group modifications of proteins, peptides, and amines is disclosed. Also disclosed is a flow through device for the detection of amines in a sample. Additionally, a device and method for the detection of amines in a sample using 1-hydroxybenzotriazole-6-carboxylic acid are disclosed. In a preferred embodiment, the device is used to detect the presence of amines in a spoiled meat product.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for detecting and quantifying metabolites in a biological sample by measuring the concentration of a test metabolite in the sample and comparing that concentration against the concentration of the reference metabolite; enabling accurate metabolite concentration measurements to determine aberrant drug usage patterns. Also disclosed is an analytical testing device and related computer-assisted products for detecting and quantifying metabolites in a biological sample efficiently and accurately.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions and methods useful in the labeling and identification of proteins. The invention provides for highly soluble zwitterionic dye molecules where the dyes and associated side groups are non-titratable and maintain their net zwitterionic character over a broad pH range, for example, between pH 3 and 12. These dye molecules find utility in a variety of applications, including use in the field of proteomics.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel therapeutic uses of tianeptine, salts, isomers, pro-drugs, metabolites and structural analogs thereof. Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of tianeptine, salts, isomers, pro-drugs, metabolites and structural analogs thereof, in obtaining methods of screening and of developing drugs. Finally, the present invention relates to the novel therapeutic use of other glutamine synthetase (GS) ligands and to the use of these ligands in obtaining methods for screening and developing drugs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to articles and methods involving luminescent films which may be useful in various applications. Luminescent films of the present invention may comprise a layer of metal oxide nanoparticles and, in some cases, may interact with an analyte to generate a detectable signal, whereby the presence and/or amount of analyte can be determined. In some embodiments, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) may occur between the luminescent film and the analyte. Such articles and methods may be useful in, for example, biological assays or in sensors.

Abstract: Biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring of vascular aneurysms are described in the context of the use of assays to measure a plurality of these biomarkers. Tissue degeneration, particularly elastin and/or collagen degradation, can be monitored within patient blood (serum) and/or urine to diagnose the presence, the progression, or the likelihood of rupture of aneurismal disease. Additionally, enzymes responsible for this degradation and other biomarkers responsible for the activation or inhibition of these enzymes can be monitored additionally or alternatively. Prompt diagnosis can provide the opportunity for intervention and potentially increase the health of patients by tempering the development of debilitating and life-threatening vascular aneurysms.

Abstract: An irreversible humidity exposure dose indicator device, including a housing sealed at a first end thereof and adapted at a second end thereof to admit ambient gas ingress into an interior volume containing chromogenic material. The chromogenic material in contact with water irreversibly absorbs such water to produce a change whose extent is correlative of cumulative exposure of the device to humidity. The device may be configured as an indicator card including an intermediate permeable membrane coated on a first side thereof with a layer of a deliquescent solid and being in contact on a second side thereof with a layer containing a reactive indicator, with a water-permeable layer adjacent to the layer containing the deliquescent coating, enclosed within a water-impermeable transparent enclosure.

Abstract: Methods and kits of the invention are useful for calculating 24-hour excretion of sodium without the need to collect urine for 24 hours.

Abstract: The invention provides 3-carboxypropyl-aminotetralin compounds of formula (I): wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 are defined in the specification, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, that are antagonists at the mu opioid receptor. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, methods of using such compounds to treat conditions associated with mu opioid receptor activity, and processes and intermediates useful for preparing such compounds.

Abstract: A biosensor, a method of making a biosensor, and a method of using a biosensor are described. A biosensor includes a transducer and a peptide encoding the most probable binding domain of an olfactory receptor protein. In embodiments, the transducer is a piezoelectric crystal. The method of making a biosensor includes modeling the three dimensional structure of an olfactory receptor protein; identifying the most probable binding domain of an olfactory receptor protein using a protein docking program; synthesizing a peptide encoding the most probable binding domains or a part thereof; and attaching the peptide to a transducer.

Abstract: A sampling device for analysis of a substance which is chosen from the group consisting of isocyanates, aminoisocyanates, amines, and isothiocyanates, and which is present in an air flow intended to pass through the sampling device is disclosed, as well as a method for the production of said sampling device, and a method for the analysis of said substance in the air flow.

Abstract: A method for estimating the sulfur content in the fuel of an internal combustion engine equipped with a catalyser, using a current sulfur concentration value (Sold) and a correction of said current sulfur concentration value (Sold) in order to obtain a new sulfur concentration value (Snew). The method includes the steps of measuring a first time interval (t1-t0) which is actually necessary in order to complete a regeneration process to remove sulfur; determining a quantity (SOxstored) of sulfur stored in the catalyser before the regeneration process to remove sulfur using the current sulfur concentration value (Sold); estimating a second time interval (t2-t0) which is theoretically necessary to complete the regeneration process, on the basis of the estimated quantity (SOxstored) of sulfur stored in the catalyser; and determining a multiplicative correction coefficient as a ratio between the first time interval (t1-t0) and the second time interval (t2-t0).

Abstract: A method for the detection of chloramines and bromamines which are indicative markers particularly of lung diseases using flow tube, drift tube or atmospheric chemical ionisation technologies. The method can also be utilised to detect oxidative stress related diseases, test the prophylactic effect of drugs given to a patient, and to detect the level of chloramines in swimming pools and like situations.

Abstract: A kit for determining residual chlorine or chloramine amount of a sample; comprising: a means for containing a PVA solution as an indicator, and another means for containing a reducing indicator. Said reducing indicator would be oxidized by a reaction with residual chlorine or chloramine and said PVA indicator induces a dye by reaction with oxidized compound such as free iodine; wherein intensity of said dye would be changed depending upon the residual chlorine or chloramine amount of the sample.

Abstract: Assays are preformed to determine nutrient deficiency levels in an individual to address the deficiencies and improve health and longevity. Nutraceutical and cosmeceutical products containing nanoencapsulated active ingredients are provided, in addition to dietary, exercise, sleep, and other lifestyle recommendations.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are chromogenic response polymers and methods and devices that utilize the disclosed polymers which are suitable for use in detecting the presence of and identity of biogenic amines.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for determining histaminase (DAO; EC 1.4.3.6) activity in a sample. Said method comprises the following steps: an aqueous solution is supplied which contains a predefined amount of a diamine; the aqueous solution is mixed and incubated with the sample for a given period of time in conditions in which the diamine can be reacted with a DAO possibly present in the sample; the diamine is derivatized; the amount of derivatized diamine is determined; the predefined amount of diamine is compared to the amount of derivatized diamine; and the activity of histaminase possibly present is determined.

Abstract: A Fabry-Perot cavity has a pair of partially transmissive, partially reflective, surfaces. A first of the surfaces is flexibly suspended adjacent and parallel to a second of the surfaces. A gap exists between the surfaces. A variable electrostatic potential permits this gap to be adjusted. A translucent chemical layer is disposed on the first surface. A photosensor is attached to the second surface. Light irradiates the photosensor through the chemical layer and the first and second surfaces wherein the light is also partially reflected between the surfaces. A sensing environment is provided wherein an agent undergoes a reaction with the chemical layer as well as an environment wherein the reaction does not occur. The output of the photosensor is measured to assess a change in spectrum and spectral intensity for each of the sensing environments. The gap between the surfaces as well as the light used are selected to provide an optimum photosensor output.

Abstract: Disclosed are enantiomers of amino-phenyl-acetic acid octadec-9-(Z)-enyl ester, and salts thereof, including pharmaceutical compositions, uses and a process for the manufacture thereof.

Abstract: Stable Atomoxetine hydrochloride, a process for the manufacture thereof, the use of stable Atomoxetine Hydrochloride for making a pharmaceutical formulation, a process for the preparation of any form of Atomoxetine Hydrochloride, and an analytical method for analyzing the stability of Atomoxetine Hydrochloride are provided.

Abstract: In an ammonia sensor (1), lead portions (7) and (9) are provided on an insulating substrate (5); a pair of comb-shaped electrodes (11) and (13) are connected to the lead portions (7) and (9), respectively; a sensitive layer (15) is provided on the comb-shaped electrodes (11) and (13); and a protective layer (17) is provided on the sensitive layer (15). Particularly, the sensitive layer (15) is formed of a gas-sensitive raw material predominantly containing ZrO2 and containing at least W in an amount of 2 to 40 wt. % as reduced to WO3.

Abstract: Spectroscopic systems and methods are disclosed for determining levels of at least one analyte in blood undergoing hemodialysis. In one aspect, the invention employs Raman spectroscopy to monitor and/or control hemodialysis. In one embodiment, the system uses a laser light directed to circulating blood from a patient undergoing dialysis to make Raman spectral measurements. For example, the laser light can be directed into a segment of the dialysis tubing. The system can utilize unique Raman spectroscopic signature of one or more analytes, e.g., urea, to identify and quantify such analytes against a whole blood background. Based on the spectral response, the concentration of the analytes can be monitored and/or used to control hemodialysis.

Abstract: A food spoilage sensor of the general formula wherein M is a transition metal ion; D1, D2, D3 and D4 can be the same or different and can be N or P; R1 and R2, R3 and R4, R5 and R6, and R7 and R8 can be the same or different and from, taken together with the adjacent carbon atoms to which they are bonded and joined together, an aromatic or a cyclic group with at least one of the aromatic or cyclic groups possessing one or more polymerizable moieties. The complex selectively binds biogenic amines which are released by food spoilage microorganisms and undergo a detectable color change upon exposure thereto.

Abstract: A method of identification and quantitative analysis of aldehydes and/or ketones in a sample by mass spectrometry using stable isotope labeled oxime internal standards or stable isotope labeled hydrazone internal standards is provided. Stable isotope labeled oxime internal standards are synthesized by reaction of an authentic sample of aldehydes and/or ketones with a stable isotope labeled alkoxylamine reagent while stable isotope labeled hydrazone internal standards are synthesized by reaction of an authentic sample of aldehydes and/or ketones with a stable isotope labeled alkylhydrazine reagent. A non labeled version of the stable isotope labeled reagent is used to convert aldehydes and/or ketones in the sample to the non labeled version of the stable isotope labeled oxime or hydrazone internal standards.

Abstract: A compound linked to a solid support (R) through a divalent linker moiety (X) and which is represented by the following formula: is disclosed. In particular, the 1-hydroxybenzotriazole-6-carboxylic acid is directly linked to the support under mild conditions (i.e., in aqueous or organic solvents at neutral pH and at room temperature). The polymer bound 1-hydroxybenzotriazole-6-carboxylic acid can be used for the derivatization of amines as well as for single step amino group modification of proteins, peptides, and amines via acylation or sulfonylation reactions. A flow through device and method for the single step amino group modifications of proteins, peptides, and amines is disclosed. Also disclosed is a flow through device for the detection of amines in a sample. Additionally, a device and method for the detection of amines in a sample using 1-hydroxybenzotriazole-6-carboxylic acid is disclosed. In a preferred embodiment, the device is used to detect the presence of amines in a spoiled meat product.

Abstract: Screening of items for the presence of contaminants, such as explosives residue, is accomplished by subjecting an item loaded into a pressure chamber to a pressure substantially in excess of atmospheric pressure conditions and rapidly decompressing the item to the ambient atmospheric pressure. The rapid decompression serves to scavenge vapors and particles from the exterior and interior of the item and any objects it contains. A sample of the vapors and particles removed from the item by the rapid decompression is sampled and is tested to determine whether a predetermined contaminant is present in the sample. Depending on the types of contaminants for which the sample is tested, it is possible to detect whether explosives, biological or chemical agents, and/or narcotics residues are present on or in the item being screened.

Abstract: To provide a hardness measurement reagent unaffected by an M alkalinity in hardness measurement. A hardness measurement reagent as a one-solution type reagent includes a dye chosen from Eriochrome Black T (EBT) and Calmagite, triethanolamine, a glycol compound, and a pH buffer, in which the pH buffer includes a combination of amines selected from primary amines and secondary amines and a salt of a weak base.

Abstract: A method of determining the amount of nitrogen in a gas mixture. The constituent gases of the mixture are dissociated and transformed to create a substance that may measured using nondispersive infrared adsorption techniques.

Abstract: A peptide for detecting amine, and a method and apparatus for detecting amines using the peptide. The method comprises the application of a sensor to examine a sample, wherein the sensor is coated with the peptide. The result collected from the sensor is compared with a database to determine the amount of amine presenting in the sample.

Abstract: A method of addressing and driving an electrode array includes the step of addressing one or more electrodes within the array using a plurality of row and column lines. In one aspect of the method, a value corresponding to a voltage is stored in a local memory associated with each electrode. The addressed electrodes are then driven at the voltages corresponding to the stored values. In another aspect of the method, a driving element associated with each addressed electrode is selectively coupled with a voltage line so as to charge the electrode with the voltage on the voltage line. The device and methods may be used in the synthesis of biopolymers such as oligonucleotides and peptides.

Abstract: Systems and methods providing for the introduction of a dye, particularly a xanthene dye, and more particularly a rhodamine dye, to liquid anhydrous ammonia to discourage theft of the anhydrous ammonia and provide for leak detection in storage vessels. The dye will stain objects which come into contact with the liquid anhydrous ammonia allowing for the detection of such contact. Generally, the staining will be visible to the naked eye, but may also fluoresce when exposed to a particular light source such as ultra violet (UV) light.