Abstract: A modular RJ-type connector includes a female receptacle having an internal cavity, and first and second sets of rigid contacts disposed in back-to-back spaced relation to each other and in spaced relation to interior surfaces of the female receptacle that define the internal cavity. The first and second sets of rigid contacts can be disposed adjacent an edge of a support that is positioned in the internal cavity facing an open, plug receiving end of the female receptacle. A male plug can be provided which includes first and second sets of spaced facing contacts that make contact with the contacts of the first and second sets of rigid contacts of the female receptacle when the male plug is inserted in the open, plug receiving end of the female receptacle.

Abstract: The present invention provides a modular connector system for, in some embodiments, interconnecting circuit boards. In some embodiments, the modular connector system includes a header assembly for blind mating with an adapter assembly.

Abstract: The invention provides a shield case to cover a body, the body having a main body and first and second connecting portions projecting from the main body and lying adjacent to each other along a first direction. The shield case includes first to forth conductive shells. The first and second shells cover an outer circumference of the main body; the third shell covers the first connecting portion; and the fourth shell covers the second connecting portion. The third shell is in contact with at least one of the first and second shells. The first or fourth shell is in contact with the second shell. The fourth shell is provided integrally with the first shell and is adjacent to the third shell along the first direction. The first or fourth shell may not contact the second shell if the third shell is contactable with both the first and second shells.

Abstract: An electrical connector assembly includes a PCB and a first and a second connector body. The first connector body includes a first housing defining a first coupled face and a mounting face perpendicular to the first coupled face, and first contacts including first contacting portions exposing to the first coupled face and soldering portions exposing to the mounting face and fitly connect on a first surface of the PCB. The second connector body is assembled to the first connector body and includes a second housing including a mating portion with a lengthwise mating slot and a second coupled face confronting with the first coupled face and second contacts including mating portions extending in the lengthwise mating slot and second contacting portions exposing to the second coupled surface and pressing against the first contacting portions. The second housing defines mounting portions seating on a second surface of the PCB.

Abstract: A power connector system for an appliance includes a cable assembly comprising a plug having plug contacts terminated to discrete wires of the cable assembly. The power connector system also includes a receptacle assembly having a receptacle housing having a cavity that receives the plug. The receptacle housing is configured to be received in a cutout of a bezel of the appliance such that the cavity is accessible from an exterior of the appliance. The receptacle housing holds receptacle contacts that are mated to the plug contacts when the plug is received in the cavity.

Abstract: A press-fit connecting element for being pressed into a first contact opening in a first connection element and into a second contact opening in a second connection element is provided. The press-fit connecting element includes an elongated base body configured to be guided through the second contact opening in the second connection element to the first contact opening in the first connection element. The press-fit connecting element further includes a first press-fit zone configured to contact-connect the first contact opening in a force-fitting manner and a second press-fit zone which is at a distance from the first press-fit zone in a longitudinal direction and configured to contact-connect the second contact opening in a force-fitting manner.

Abstract: Terminal insert holes 61 are provided in a spacer 60 inserted into an inner housing. In each of the terminal insert holes 61, a lance 62 is provided. The lance is arranged in an obliquely upper position relative to the vertical direction and the transverse direction seen from, a central part of the terminal insert hole 61. A bending direction of each lance is set to a direction substantially corresponding to the oblique direction. Further, in the spacer 60, an engaging protrusion part 63 is provided as a mainly terminal engaging part. Thus, the spacer is pushed in to a mainly engaged position from a temporarily engaged position to shift a temporary engagement by the lance to a main engagement by the engaging protrusion part. In an end part of an engaging edge part 63a of the engaging protrusion part 63, an inclined surface 63c is provided. The inclined surface is allowed to abut on a rotating direction position control part 84 of a terminal 80 to easily rotate the terminal by pushing the spacer.

Abstract: Male and female couplers which are complementally formed to attach together are fitted with a retainer system including prongs on one of the couplers and a gap on the other of the couplers which can engage the prongs. The prong or gap is configured as either fixed or pivoting so that the pivoting portion can pivot to engage the fixed portion. When the male coupler is inserted into the female coupler, the prongs and gaps engage each other. To remove the male coupler from the female coupler, a pivoting portion must be pivoted to move the gap and prongs away from each other. The gap is configured as an at least partial recess into which the prong is received. The prongs and loop or slit are coupled to the male and female coupler ends through removably attachable male and female retainers or built directly into the female and male coupler.

Abstract: An electrical connector assembly (100), comprises: an insulative housing (1) having a plurality of receiving spaces (11) formed therein. A plurality of PCB modules (2) are respectivly received into the plurality of receiving spaces (15). Two latches (3) are formed on a top surface of the insulative housing, each latch defines a front end (31) connected to a front edge of the top surface of the insulative housing and a rear end (32) cantilevered from the front end of the latch. And an actuator (4) is formed on the top surface of the insulative housing, the actuator defines a rear end (41) connected to a rear edge of the top surface of the insulative housing and a front end (42) cantilevered from the rear end of the actuator, and the front end of the actuator located above the two rear ends of the two latches.

Abstract: A breakaway cable is provided with a plug that has a number of wires that are arranged so as to disconnect in a predetermined sequence. The disconnect plug is designed to fit into a standard plug assembly. This end of the plug presents the same set of pins as a truck, thus extending the existing cable by the extender length. The breakaway cable is configured to break in a controlled manner in the event a vehicle to which the cable is connected should pull away.

Abstract: A high-current transmission device for conductive charging of the batteries of electric vehicles has a socket with an integrated electromechanical switching function and at least one contactor. The contactor is configured without terminal contacts on the side facing the plug-and-socket connection and is part of the socket. The terminal contacts are located on a removable plug that is provided with plug contacts. A modular charging station system for conductive charging of the batteries of electric vehicles has a base unit, a master module, and a user module, with the base unit being configured without electronics and having at least one clamping device for the power feed and compartments for accommodating the master module and the user module. The master module and the user module form a high-current transmission device, with the master module having a socket and the user module having a plug that corresponds to the socket of the master module.

Abstract: Connection resistance (Rc) resulting from the resilient deformation of a lock arm (26) is produced in the process of connecting two housings (10, 20), and connection resistance (Rb) resulting from a resilient restoring force of a grommet (30) held in contact with a panel (P) is produced with the two housings (10, 20) properly connected. In the process of connecting the two housings (10, 20), the connection resistance (Rb) resulting from the resilient restoring force of the grommet (30) increases after the lock arm (26) is resiliently restored.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of electrical power connectors, and in particular power connectors that are used to connect a source of mains power to an item of electrical equipment. A locking panel socket (1) for making an electrical connection with a line plug comprised a socket connection portion (2) having an end lace (11) and the end lace having a plurality of recesses (10, 10?) for receiving corresponding power pins of a line plug, a plug insertion channel (4) that extends around the socket connection portion (2) and a panel portion (6) (hat extends around the plug insertion channel (4). The locking panel socket (1) also includes within the socket connection portion a locking mechanism (12) for restraining a power pin of a line plug from being withdrawn from one of the recesses (10?). and a release mechanism for releasing the locking mechanism (12) to permit the power pin to be withdrawn from the recess.

Abstract: The invention provides a connector including: a shield case having first and second slots; first and second bodies, inserted into the case and combined in an insertion direction; first and second contacts embedded in the first body at spaced intervals in a width direction; and third and fourth contacts embedded in the second body at spaced intervals in the width direction and at a different height from that of the first and second contacts. The first and third contacts are partly received in the first slot. The second and fourth contacts are partly received in the second slot. The case has a partition to partition an internal space thereof into the first and second slots, and a lock piece provided at a rear portion of the case. The first and second bodies are sandwiched between the partition and the lock piece.

Abstract: A lever type connector is mated with a mating connector by operating a rotatable lever with a mating portion being received in a receiving space of the mating connector. The lever type connector includes a slider having a cam groove and is moved by rotation of the lever. The mating connector further includes a cam pin positioned on a mating housing and inserted into the cam groove. A rib that constitutes a cam pin displacement restricting body is placed between a front cover that constitutes a part of a housing of the lever type connector 1 and the mating housing in a region corresponding to the cam pin.

Abstract: A phone plug style audio jack connector device having an audio jack and a connector, the audio jack having a socket adapted to receive the tip end of the phone style audio plug. The device is movable between an unassembled position and an assembled position. When the device is in the unassembled position, a prepared coaxial cable end can be inserted into the rear end of the device. When a user moves the device into its assembled position, a fastener is driven to clamp around the cable in the radially inwards direction, thereby forming a connector/cable assembly. The electrical connections, or conduction paths, that run through the connector device are preferably coaxial, and connectors according to the present invention also provide good coaxial shielding within the connector device itself.

Abstract: Connection between two elements of an electrical return circuit. The device comprises a female type connection receptacle fastened to a conductive structure and a male type plug connected to a cable, said plug including a groove, and a locking spring co-operating with the plug and with the receptacle.

Abstract: Implementations of the present invention comprise systems, methods, and apparatus for distributing electric power to a plurality of access points within a plurality of spaces. In particular, implementations of the present invention allow for the distribution of electric power from a centralized panel manager, to one or more access points without the use of zone boxes. For example, a panel manager for distributing electric power in accordance with an implementation of the present invention can include a housing configured to allow at least one main input therein. The panel manager can also include a plurality of planar connection interfaces secured within the housing. The planar connection interface can be configured to mate with planar electrical connectors for the distribution of electric power to the plurality of access points.

Abstract: An electrical connector comprising an insulative housing having a top, a bottom and two sidewalls interconnecting to form a mating face at one end and a rear face at another end and whereby there is a mating slot formed at the mating face for receiving a complementary connector; a first set of contacts mounted in a first set of channels incorporated at the top of the insulative housing and a second set of contacts mounted in a second set of channels incorporated at the bottom of the insulative housing; and a shielding device located between the first set of contacts and the second set of contacts.

Abstract: A releasably engaging high definition multimedia plug comprises a plug body and an actuator operable with the plug body to move a locking tab of the plug and facilitate releasable engagement of the plug with a standard high definition multimedia receptacle.

Abstract: A releasably engaging high definition multimedia plug comprises a plug body and an actuator operable with the plug body to move a locking tab of the plug and facilitate releasable engagement of the plug with a standard high definition multimedia receptacle.

Abstract: A releasably engaging high definition multimedia plug comprises a plug body and an actuator operable with the plug body to move a locking tab of the plug and facilitate releasable engagement of the plug with a standard high definition multimedia receptacle. A corresponding method of releasably securing a high definition multimedia interface plug into standard high definition multimedia interface receptacle is also provided.

Abstract: A shock- and moisture-resistant connector assembly includes a first component, a second component, and an antenna. The first component has an end fitted with an adapter. A non-annular fastener is mounted around a connecting section of the adapter for tightly fastening the second component inserted in the first component. The second component is provided therein with at least one watertight O-ring which, after the first and second components are assembled, furnishes moisture and shock resistance to a coaxial cable passing through the second component. The antenna includes a dielectric spacer externally mounted with a coupling element and having an end formed as a shaft. A plastic washer, a wave washer, and a positioning washer are sequentially mounted around the shaft such that the entire assembled antenna has sufficient frictional resistance to maintain restrained displacement during a fine-tuning operation.

Abstract: An electrical ganged-outlet apparatus includes a unitary outlet body including a plurality of electrical outlets and a back surface. Each of the electrical outlets has at least a first and a second receptacle contact element, and a line terminal. The line terminal is electrically connected to the first receptacle contact element and extends from the back surface. The outlet body has at least one neutral bus bar disposed against the back surface, and the neutral bus bar is electrically connected to the second receptacle contact element.

Abstract: A charging connector (10) is provided to be connected to a vehicle-side connector (50) to charge a battery. The charging connector (10) has a main body (11) including a fitting (13) connectable to the vehicle-side connector (50), a lever (14) accommodated in the main body (11) and adapted to hold the vehicle-side connector (50) and the fitting (13) in a connected state by being engaged with a lock projection (55) provided on the vehicle-side connector (50). A lock release (14B) is provided in the lever (14) and for canceling a locked state of a lock (31) and the lock projection (55), and a lock release accommodating portion (25) is formed at a position of the main body (11) corresponding to the lock release (14B) and includes two sidewalls (25A) arranged to face opposite side surfaces of a pressable portion (14D) to be pressed at the time of an unlocking operation.

Abstract: An electrical connector assembly is configured so that a plug can be connected to or disconnected from a receptacle easily and reliably. Levers (40A, 40C) of plug (30A, 30C) out of three plug (30A, 30B, 30C), the plug (30A, 30C) being connected to hoods (26A, 26C) on both end sides of a receptacle (20), each have a length such as to project to outward from the hoods (26A, 26C), and the levers (40A, 40C) are configured so as to be locked to a receptacle (21) on the outside of the hoods (26A, 26C).

Abstract: An electrical receptacle includes a first portion having a face with a plurality of openings and including a first set of protrusions and a first set of receptors, the first portion being configured to receive a plurality of electrical conductors, and a second mating portion including a second set of protrusions and a second set of receptors. The first set of receptors is configured to interact with the second set of protrusions and the first set of protrusions is configured to interact with the second set of receptors to snap lock the second mating portion to the first portion and form the electrical receptacle. Further, a method is provided for assembling and disassembling an electrical receptacle.

Abstract: An electrical connector that can provide stable contact between a signal transmission terminal and a short-circuit terminal even if the connector is downsized. The connector includes a main body having a plurality of terminal receiving cavities provided with lances by which signal transmission terminals are secured and a plurality of short-circuit terminal receiving cavities adjacent to the terminal receiving cavities for receiving short-circuit terminals. Each short-circuit terminal includes a bent part at a forward position and a contact at a rearward position. The main body further includes a window that is formed at a position to the rear of the lances corresponding to the contacts of the short-circuit terminals and through which the terminal receiving cavities and the short-circuit terminal receiving cavities communicate with each other. The contacts of the short-circuit terminals are in contact with the female terminals through the window.

Abstract: The present invention provides a locking device and a high voltage shield connector having the same. The locking device of the present invention preferably includes a mounting hole configured to penetrate the circumferential surface of a female housing, a support member configured to be supported on an edge of the mounting hole, a restraining member extending to a lower portion of the support member and projecting to the inside of the female housing, and a locker formed on a male housing to restrain the restraining member to be connected to the female housing.

Abstract: An electrical connector assembly includes a cable connector; a receptacle connector connected to the cable connector in a first direction; and a locking protruding portion disposed on one of the cable connector and the receptacle connector. The locking protruding portion has a first length in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The electrical connector assembly further includes a locking groove portion disposed in the other of the cable connector and the receptacle connector. The locking groove portion has a second distance in the second direction smaller than the first length, so that the locking protruding portion can be inserted into the locking groove portion only in an inclined state and the receptacle connector is not disconnected upwardly from the cable connector when the locking protruding portion is situated in the locking groove portion.

Abstract: An electrical connector includes a socket and a plug. The socket includes a sidewall and defines at least one latching hole. One end of each of the at least one latching hole is defined in the sidewall. The plug includes a main body, at least one latching mechanism, and a switch. The main body includes a first surface and a second surface. The main body defines at least one receiving space, a first groove, and a second groove. The at least one latching mechanism is partially received in the receiving space. The switch is positioned in the second groove and partially external to the first groove. The at least one latching mechanism can slide to engage the switch by an external force, and the switch can cause the at least one latching mechanism to disengage from the switch by an external force.

Abstract: An ATX compatible power supply unit having at least one AC power inlet and at least one AC power cable, the AC power inlet configured to support nominal contact resistances of less than 8 milliohms per contact or the AC power cable configured to support series resistances of less than 4 milliohms per linear foot of individual conductor is disclosed.

Abstract: A connector utilizes a latching assembly that has a structure that connects horizontal movement of an actuator to vertical movement of a latching arm. A latching member is provided that grips the exterior of the connector and has a cantilevered latching arm that extends from the member over a mating portion for connection. In its simplest form the latching member includes a continuous retaining collar that fits over the exterior of the connector and exerts a clamping force on the connector so as to retain the latching member in place.

Abstract: A charging connector and a charging cable unit that are capable of driving a load while being maintenance-free and simply constructed is provided. The charging cable unit includes: a charging cable that includes a signal line for sending a control signal, and an electric power line for sending electric power, and that is provided for connecting the vehicle and an electric power source when the vehicle is charged; and a charging connector connected to an end of the charging cable. The charging connector includes: an electric power terminal to which electric power is supplied from the electric power line; a signal terminal to which the control signal is transmitted from the signal line; and a lighting capable of being driven by the control signal from the signal line.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to TPA connectors. The TPA connectors of the present disclosure can have a connector body that can include a plurality of cavities for receiving terminals. The TPA connectors can also include a retainer for locking the terminals in their seated position and for locking to the connector body to prevent unwanted removal thereof. The connector body can include posts with stop surfaces which can prevent the retainer from moving from a pre-lock position to a fully locked position by engaging contact surfaces on the locking arms of the retainer. The locking arms can be cantilevered and have outwardly directed projections to engage the posts for locking the retainer to the connector body. The locking arms can be deflected inwardly with a squeezing or pinching motion to disengage the contact surfaces from the stop surfaces of the posts and permitting the retainer to move to the fully locked position by pushing retainer towards the connector body.

Abstract: A connector assembly comprises a first connector and a second connector configured to be mated with each other. The first connector includes a plurality of first contacts, a first housing and a first shell. The first contacts are arranged and retained in a pitch direction by the first housing The first housing is covered at least in part with the first shell The first shell includes a spring portion and a contact portion. The spring portion extends in the pitch direction. The spring portion is long in the pitch direction. The contact portion is supported by the spring portion so as to be movable in a direction perpendicular to the pitch direction. The second connector includes a second shell. The second shell is brought into contact with at least the contact portion of the first shell so that the first shell and the second shell are connected to each other when the second connector is mated with the first connector.

Abstract: A battery charging connector lock structure that locks a power feeding connector to a receptacle of a power receiving connector. The connector lock structure includes a restriction member that moves between a lock position, in which the restriction member restricts movement of a hook of the power feeding connector to prohibit removal of the power feeding connector from the receptacle, and an unlock position, in which the restriction member releases the hook to permit removal of the power receiving connector. The restriction member includes an extension. A stopper is coupled to the extension of the restriction member and moves the restriction member to the lock position or the unlock position. A drive source moves the stopper to move the restriction member to the lock position. An urging member is arranged on the extension of the restriction member to move the restriction member to the lock position.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a connector including an insulating housing with a plurality of channels accommodating at least one right-angle electro-conductive terminal leading from a mating side of the connector to a surface mount side of the connector. At least a part of channels is provided with a support surface which is adapted to pivotably support the terminal, the support surface being located at a distance above a bottom surface of these channel.

Abstract: An electrical connector includes a plug connector, a receptacle connector and a locking element. The plug connector includes an insulating housing, a plurality of terminals mounted into the insulating housing, a shell wrapping the insulating housing. The locking element fixed on the plug connector has a top plate, two opposite sides of the top plate are extended downwards to form a pair of locking plates. A front side of the locking element is extended perpendicularly and outwardly to form at least one connecting arm. A top side of the connecting arm is extended frontward to form a locking arm. The locking arm has a front end extended perpendicularly to form a locking end. When the plug connector is inserted into the receptacle connector, the locking element hooks locking potions provided by the receptacle connector to ensure the connection stability between the plug connector and the receptacle connector.

Abstract: A cable connector assembly includes a conductive housing, a pair of PCBs, two cables and a metal shell assembled to the housing. The housing defines a receiving cavity. The PCBs are received in the receiving cavity at different levels. The two cables are located at a rear wall of the housing and electrically connect to the PCBs. The metal shell is assembled to the housing and includes a frame portion, and an extension portion extending forwardly from an upper wall of the frame portion. The frame portion encloses a rear portion of the housing and the extension portion has a pair of first position holes. The housing has a pair of second position holes are aligned with first position holes respectively. Two bolts penetrate through the first position holes and are locked in the second position holes respectively.

Abstract: The cable assembly may include a plug connector, a cable, and a connector. The plug connector may include a housing and a board assembly. The board assembly may include a printed circuit board. The edge of the printed circuit board may be enclosed with a material. The material may be an overmolded plastic or a coating of a material. In order to reduce the crosstalk in the areas where the cable shield is removed, a shielding assembly may be used. The shielding assembly may provide 360 degrees of shielding for the wire pair at the location where the cable shield is removed. The printed circuit board may have a trace layer, a core layer, and a ground plane layer. The ground plane layer may have a portion which is a solid layer and another portion which is a non-solid layer.

Abstract: The cable assembly may include a plug connector, a cable, and a connector. The plug connector may include a housing and a board assembly. The board assembly may include a printed circuit board. The edge of the printed circuit board may be enclosed with a material. The material may be an overmolded plastic or a coating of a material. In order to reduce the crosstalk in the areas where the cable shield is removed, a shielding assembly may be used. The shielding assembly may provide 360 degrees of shielding for the wire pair at the location where the cable shield is removed. The printed circuit board may have a trace layer, a core layer, and a ground plane layer. The ground plane layer may have a portion which is a solid layer and another portion which is a non-solid layer.

Abstract: The method according to the invention comprises the following steps: a) securely attaching the verification element (5) to the plug (4); b) connecting the plug (4) and mating plug (3); c) locking together the plug (4) and mating plug (3) whilst simultaneously releasing the attachment of the verification element (5); and d) removing the verification element (5) from the plug (4).

Abstract: The invention relates to a enclosure assembly for at least one connector, including an enclosure, the enclosure having a connector volume configured to receive the connector and an opening at least at a rearward end, a strain relief element being adapted to receive a cable, the strain relief element being provided with a relief portion at one end, the relief portion being configured to support the cable elastically, and with a fastening portion, the fastening portion in a mounted state being arranged at least partially within the opening and affixing the strain relief element to the enclosure. To create an enclosure which is easy to mount and assures a reliable anchorage of the cable within the enclosure, in a pre-mounted state, the enclosure and the strain relief element are adapted to be slid relative to each other in a forward direction (F) up to a forward position, and in that in the forward position the enclosure is automatically engaged in a friction lock with the fastening portion.

Abstract: An assembly having a male and female plug. The female plug has an elongate cavity extending along a longitudinal axis and having in the cavity signal conducting elements. The male plug has an outer surface positioned partly within the cavity with signal conducting elements provided on the outer surface, and clicking elements. The female plug has clicking elements that click together with the clicking elements of the male plug when it is introduced into the female plug along the longitudinal axis. The signal conducting elements engage one another when the clicking elements of the male and female plugs are clicked together. The clicking elements of the female plug are positioned, in a cross section in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, symmetrically relative to a center point, in the plane, between positions of the clicking elements.

Abstract: A connector is provided that can easily insert a connecting terminal into a terminal accommodating hole of a housing and assuredly connect the connecting terminal to a connecting terminal of a mate side. Under a state that a connecting terminal 2 is held in a terminal accommodating hole 30 of a housing 3, when a slider 33 is slid to the terminal accommodating hole 30 side, a circumferential engaging part 35 abuts on an abutting surface 22a to rotate the connecting terminal 2 in the circumferential direction. Thus, the abutting surface 22a is held so as to be parallel to a slide direction of the slider 33.

Abstract: A connector assembly comprises a main body and a cover rotatably connected to the main body. The main body comprises a base wall, a first sidewall, a second sidewall, and a third sidewall extending from three edges of the base wall. The base wall and the three sidewalls cooperatively define a latching groove for receiving the cover. The base wall defines a plurality of receiving slots receiving a corresponding plurality of conductive wires and communicating with the latching groove. The cover defines a plurality of mounting slots cooperating with the receiving slots of the main body for receiving a plurality of testing wires. When the cover is rotated to a predetermined position relative to the main body, the testing wires are electronically connected to the corresponding conductive wires.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are embodiments of a connector comprising a shell with a shell axis, a shell opening, a plurality of retaining structures, an inner shell surface, and an outer shell surface; the retaining structures are, at least in part, configured to retain a spring in a compressed state; a plurality of clamping members axially located within the shell between the spring and the shell opening; and a release that is generally coaxial with the shell opening and configured to release the compressed spring when a cable is inserted past the clamping members.

Abstract: An electric power connector and power cable retainer arrangement includes an electric power connector for the connection of the electric plug or socket of an external power cable for power transmission, and a power cable retainer that has a holder base provided at the electric power connector and a clip extended from the holder base for securing the cable of the external power cable in place to prohibit disconnection of the electric plug or socket of the external power cable.

Abstract: The present invention is premised upon a connector device and method that can more easily electrically connect a plurality of PV devices or photovoltaic system components and/or locate these devices/components upon a building structure. It also may optionally provide some additional sub-components (e.g. at least one bypass diode and/or an indicator means) and may enhance the serviceability of the device.