Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst including metal phosphide for preparation of biodiesel, and a method of preparing biodiesel from feedstock comprising vegetable oil through hydrotreating using the catalyst. When the catalyst including metal phosphide is used as a catalyst for preparation of biodiesel, preparation activity of hydrotreated biodiesel is high even without continuous supply of sulfiding agent, and hydrotreating and isomerization reactions occur at the same time, thus obtaining high-quality hydrotreated biodiesel having a low pour point.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of generating hydrogen from a bio-oil, comprising hydrogenating a water-soluble fraction of the bio-oil with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, and reforming the water-soluble fraction by aqueous-phase reforming in the presence of a reforming catalyst, wherein hydrogen is generated by the reforming, and the amount of hydrogen generated is greater than that consumed by the hydrogenating. The method can further comprise hydrocracking or hydrotreating a lignin fraction of the bio-oil with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrocracking catalyst wherein the lignin fraction of bio-oil is obtained as a water-insoluble fraction from aqueous extraction of bio-oil. The hydrogen used in the hydrogenating and in the hydrocracking or hydrotreating can be generated by reforming the water-soluble fraction of bio-oil.

Abstract: A method for producing biofuels is provided. A method of making biofuels includes dewatering substantially intact algal cells to make an algal biomass, extracting neutral lipids from the algal biomass, and esterifying the neutral lipids with a catalyst in the presence of an alcohol. The method also includes separating a water soluble fraction comprising glycerin from a water insoluble fraction comprising fuel esters and distilling the fuel esters under vacuum to obtain a C16 or shorter fuel esters fraction, a C16 or longer fuel ester fraction, and a residue comprising carotenoids and omega-3 fatty acids. The method further includes hydrogenating and deoxygenating at least one of (i) the C16 or shorter fuel esters to obtain a jet fuel blend stock and (ii) the C16 or longer fuel esters to obtain a diesel blend stock.

Abstract: Methods and devices for treatment of biomass comprised of crystalline structures are described that provide a combined mechanical, chemical and thermal effect (i.e., nano-hybrid pretreatment) to synergistically break down the crystalline structures. Such nano-hybrid mixing provides efficient, and cost-effective breakdown which enhances enzymatic accessibility to lignocellulosic materials. Methods and devices shown can be used to produce products such as pulp, chemicals, or biofuels.

Abstract: The present invention provides a blended fuel and methods for producing the blended fuel, wherein a low carbon fuel derived from a renewable resource such as biomass, is blended with a traditional, petroleum derived fuel. A blended fuel which includes greater than 10% by volume of low carbon fuel has an overall improved lifecycle greenhouse gas content of about 5% or more compared to the petroleum derived fuel. Also, blending of the low carbon fuel to the traditional, petroleum fuel improves various engine performance characteristics of the traditional fuel.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods for increasing carbon fixation and/or increasing biomass production in a plant, comprising: introducing into a plant, plant part, and/or plant cell one or more heterologous polynucleotides encoding polypeptides having the enzyme activity of succinyl CoA synthetase, 2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, 2-oxoglutarate carboxylase, oxalosuccinate reductase and isocitrate lyase to produce a stably transformed plant, plant part, and/or plant cell expressing the one or more heterologous polynucleotides. The methods further comprise introducing into a plant, plant part or plant cell heterologous polynucleotides encoding polypeptides having the enzyme activity of glyoxylate carboligase and tartronic semialdehyde reductase, and/or heterologous polynucleotides encoding a superoxide reductase from an archaeon species, an aquaporin and/or an inhibitor of cell wall invertase inhibitor.

Abstract: A method of dewatering algae and recycling water therefrom is presented. A method of dewatering a wet algal cell culture includes removing liquid from an algal cell culture to obtain a wet algal biomass having a lower liquid content than the algal cell culture. At least a portion of the liquid removed from the algal cell culture is recycled for use in a different algal cell culture. The method includes adding a water miscible solvent set to the wet algal biomass and waiting an amount of time to permit algal cells of the algal biomass to gather and isolating at least a portion of the gathered algal cells from at least a portion of the solvent set and liquid of the wet algal biomass so that a dewatered algal biomass is generated. The dewatered algal biomass can be used to generated algal products such as biofuels and nutraceuticals.

Abstract: A maize plant or plant part having a partially or fully multiplied genome is provided. Also provided are methods of generating and using the plant or parts thereof, and products comprising same.

Abstract: High cell density fermentations of wild-type organisms can result in increased viscosity due to the production of exocellular polysaccharides. Mutant microorganisms with a dry morphology, resulting from reduced exocellular polysaccharide formation, were isolated and characterized. The exocellular polysaccharide composition for these modified microorganisms is shown to be different than the polysaccharide composition of the wild type microorganism. In addition to reduced exocellular polysaccharide formation, dry morphology mutants of multiple strains show reduced viscosity, improved oxygen mass transfer, and improved fatty acid fermentation yield on carbon.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for extracting biochemical products obtained from a process of hydrothermal carbonization of biomass, which includes feeding an aqueous mixture of biomass from a preheating tube for the aqueous mixture of biomass to a vertical reactor with a predetermined level of floatation and an area for accumulation of steam and gases in the upper part thereof, wherein said method for extracting biochemical products is characterized in that it includes (a) heating the aqueous mixture of biomass to, or above, evaporation temperature in said vertical reactor and/or in a previous stage of preheating the aqueous mixture of biomass, increasing the generation of stream and/or gases at the predetermined flotation level of the vertical reactor, (b) extracting the steam and/or gases generated in the previous stage and accumulated in the upper part of the vertical reactor, and (c) cooling the gases and/or condensing the steam extracted in the previous stage at different levels of temperature and pr

Abstract: This invention relates to a lignin sorbent, a lignin removal unit, a biorefinery, a process for removing lignin, a process for binding lignin, and a renewable material. The lignin sorbent includes a substrate, and a lignin binding material dispersed with respect to the substrate. The lignin binding process includes the step of adding a lignin binding material to an input stream, and the step of converting the input stream into a renewable material.

Abstract: A system and method for the conversion of free fatty acids to glycerides and the subsequent conversion of glycerides to glycerin and biodiesel includes the transesterification of a glyceride stream with an alcohol. The fatty acid alkyl esters are separated from the glycerin to produce a first liquid phase containing a fatty acid alkyl ester rich (concentrated) stream and a second liquid phase containing a glycerin rich (concentrated) stream. The fatty acid alkyl ester rich stream is then subjected to distillation, preferably reactive distillation, wherein the stream undergoes both physical separation and chemical reaction. The fatty acid alkyl ester rich stream is then purified to produce a purified biodiesel product and a glyceride rich residue stream. Neutralization of the alkaline stream, formed during the alkali-catalyzed transesterfication process, may proceed by the addition of a mineral or an organic acid.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices are disclosed for producing, storing and using alcohol fuels. In one aspect of the disclosed technology, a method to provide a fuel for an engine includes mixing an alcohol with water to produce a wet alcohol, adding a fuel constituent in the wet alcohol to form a liquid fuel, the fuel constituent being soluble in the wet alcohol, and converting, in a container having an interior formed of an armored material, the liquid fuel into a gaseous fuel substance using at least one of heat energy or electrical energy to pressurize the liquid fuel, the gaseous fuel substance exhibiting a higher pressure and lower density than that of the liquid fuel.

Abstract: Lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysate fermentation broth may be processed to produce a high solids syrup having relatively low viscosity that has a high energy content and may be burned in a fermentation production process. The high solids syrup was achieved through liquid/solid separation of broth or depleted broth producing a thin stillage with low suspended solids allowing evaporation to high solids while maintaining low viscosity.

Abstract: Liquid bio-fuels and processes for their production are provided. The liquid bio-fuels can have improved stability, less corrosiveness, and/or an improved heating value.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for preparing biodiesel, comprising; adding oil and fat, short-chain, alcohol, water, and liquid lipase into a single-stage or multi-stage enzyme reactor; then separating the reaction fluid into an enzyme-containing heavy phase and a light phase; recovering and reusing the enzyme in the heavy phase; using the light phase for subsequent conversion by immobilized lipase; flowing the light phase and the short-chain alcohol into single-stage or multi-stage enzyme reactor containing an immobilized lipase; performing online dehydration during the whole reaction process or part of the reaction process.

Abstract: More stable and valuable bio-oil produced from biomasses are provided. More specifically, more stable and valuable bio-oil useful as heating oil, alone or in combination with an oxygenated acyclic component, is provided. Particularly, various embodiments of the present invention provide for a bio-oil having sufficient heating value and stability to be useful as heating oil, alone or in combination with an oxygenated acyclic component, without the need to hydrotreat the bio-oil or use a similar deoxygenating process.

Abstract: A process for converting a solid biomass material comprising a) providing a pneumatic fluid; b) dispersing the solid biomass material into the pneumatic fluid to prepare a pneumatic dispersion and transporting the pneumatic dispersion to a reactor; and c) contacting the pneumatic dispersion with a catalyst in the reactor to produce a product stream comprising one or more conversion products.

Abstract: A process for converting a biomass comprising contacting the biomass with a catalytic cracking catalyst at a temperature of more than 400° C. in a catalytic cracking reactor to produce a product stream containing one or more cracked products and supplying a biomass to the reactor via a feed nozzle having a feed nozzle outlet located between a first section and a second section of the reactor and downstream of an opening of a catalyst supply pipe connected to the first section, wherein the second section comprises a fluid connection to and located downstream of the first section, the second section having an inner diameter which decreases in a downstream direction.

Abstract: The instant invention pertains to new biodiesels which may be blended with petrodiesel. The biodiesels may comprise a fatty acid C1-C2 alkyl ester and a fatty acid branched C3-C4 alkyl ester. Blends of the novel biodiesel and petrodiesel often exhibit advantageous cloud point properties.

Abstract: A process is disclosed process for converting a solid or highly viscous carbon-based energy carrier material to liquid and gaseous reaction products, said process comprising the steps of: a) contacting the carbon-based energy carrier material with a particulate catalyst material b) converting the carbon-based energy carrier material at a reaction temperature between 200° C. and 450° C., preferably between 250° C. and 350° C., thereby forming reaction products in the vapor phase. In a preferred embodiment the process comprises the additional step of: c) separating the vapor phase reaction products from the particulate catalyst material within 10 seconds after said reaction products are formed. In a further preferred embodiment step c) is followed by: d) quenching the reaction products to a temperature below 200° C.

Abstract: A partially digested biomass solids is converted in a fixed bed catalytic reduction reactor under hydrothermal catalytic condition with a supported metal catalyst having a high void fraction. The catalyst having high void fraction allows high permeability and extends reaction run time.

Abstract: This patent discloses formulations, compositions, and process method and device, of hydrophobic extracts and biomass of Skin Tree, also called Mimosa tenuiflora, also called Mimosa cabrera, also called Mimosa hostilis, also called Jurema, also called Tepezcohuite, and apparatus used for cell repair, and the regeneration and rejuvenation of glabrous skin and hair bearing skin. The formulations and compositions herein disclosed, alone and when used with apparatus described, i.e. in combination, will serve to modulate cell repair and block inflammatory processes, infection and disease, reversing skin aging, thereby restoring normal cell and skin conditions, coloration, homeostasis, youth, vitality, and firmness.

Abstract: A process and system for upgrading an organic feedstock including providing an organic feedstock and water mixture, feeding the mixture into a high-rate, hydrothermal reactor, wherein the mixture is rapidly heated, subjected to heat, pressure, and turbulent flow, maintaining the heat and pressure of the mixture for a residence time of less than three minutes to cause the organic components of the mixture to undergo conversion reactions resulting in increased yields of distillate fuels, higher-quality kerosene and diesel fuels, and the formation of high octane naphtha compounds. Hydrocarbon products are cooled at a rate sufficient to inhibit additional reaction and recover of process heat, and depressurizing the hydrocarbon products, and separating the hydrocarbon products for further processing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing a mixture of biofuels comprising fatty acid esters and at least one mixture of glycerol ethers from fatty substances that may contain free fatty acids and ethanol comprising: a) a step of transesterification of a vegetable or animal oil by ethanol in the presence of a catalyst based on at least one alkali metal salt or ammonium heteropolyacid salt characterized by differential heat of adsorption of ammonia which is greater than or equal to 150 kJ/mol, stable at T>150.degree. C., in order to obtain fatty acid esters and glycerol, and, b) a step of etherification of the glycerol formed during step a) by the alcohol used in step a) in the presence of the catalyst from step a) in order to obtain at least one ether of the glycerol, said steps a) and b) taking place simultaneously, in one and the same reactor.

Abstract: Liquid fuel compositions comprising one or more C4+ compounds derived from a water soluble oxygenated hydrocarbon.

Abstract: Embodiments herein concern compositions, methods and uses for extracting target compounds from suspension cultures. In certain embodiments, suspension cultures may comprise algal cultures. In some embodiments, compositions and methods include agglomerating ground and dried biomass from a suspension culture prior to extracting target compounds from the culture.

Abstract: A process for liquefying a cellulosic material to produce a liquefied product comprising contacting the cellulosic material with a hydrogenation catalyst a liquid medium; and a source of hydrogen. The hydrogenation catalyst comprises a hydrogenating metal or precursor thereof and a megaporous structure, wherein the megaporous structure comprises a porosity of at least 60% by volume and at least 30 volume % of the pore volume of the megaporous structure is present in megapores having a diameter of equal to or more than 1 micrometer.

Abstract: A process for producing biofuels from biomass is provided by removing sulfur compounds and nitrogen compounds from the biomass by contacting the biomass with a digestive solvent to form a pretreated biomass containing soluble carbohydrates and having less than 35% of the sulfur content and less than 35% of the nitrogen content, based on untreated biomass on a dry mass basis, prior to carrying out aqueous phase reforming and further processing to form a liquid fuel.

Abstract: A wheat cultivar, designated XY06-892, is disclosed. The invention relates to the seeds, plants, and hybrids of wheat cultivar XY06-892, and to methods for producing a wheat plant produced by crossing plants from wheat cultivar XY06-892 with themselves or with plants from another wheat variety. The invention also relates to methods for producing a wheat plant containing in its genetic material one or more transgenes and to the transgenic wheat plants and plant parts produced by those methods. The invention also relates to wheat varieties or breeding varieties and plant parts derived from wheat cultivar XY06-892, to methods for producing other wheat varieties, lines or plant parts derived from wheat cultivar XY06-892, and to the wheat plants, varieties, and their parts derived from the use of those methods. The invention further relates to hybrid wheat seeds and plants produced by crossing wheat cultivar XY06-892 with another wheat cultivar.

Abstract: Multiple catalytic processing stations enable a method for producing volatile gas streams from biomass decomposition at discrete increasing temperatures. These catalytic processing stations can be programmed to maximize conversion of biomass to useful renewable fuel components based on input feedstock and desired outputs.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a biodiesel fuel that comprises mixing a co-solvent, a first reactant and a second reactant together in a mixing chamber to form a homogeneous solution. The first reactant and the second reactant are substantially immiscible with each other in the absence of the co-solvent. The first reactant is one of an alcohol or an oil, and the second reactant is the other of the oil or the alcohol. Method also comprises transferring the homogeneous solution into a transesterification reaction vessel.

Abstract: A method for marking a petroleum hydrocarbon or liquid biologically derived fuel by adding to the petroleum hydrocarbon or biologically derived fuel at least one compound having formula (I), wherein G1 represents an organic functional group having from four to forty carbon atoms.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for determining properties of hydrocarbonaceous samples including a component prepared from: 1) the thermo-catalytic conversion of biomass, or 2) the pyrolytic conversion of biomass with subsequent upgrading. The determination of the property(ies) is by use of a near-infrared spectra based correlation.

Abstract: The invention provides a process and reactor system for the production of biodiesel from lamb fats using enzymatic catalysis. Preferably the process comprises two advantageously integrated stages, first of removing fat from the animal meat and second of reacting the removed fat in an enzymatic biodiesel production stage.

Abstract: Reactors for the pyrolysis of pyrolyzable matter, pyrolysis systems incorporating the reactors and methods of using the reactors are provided. Also provided are systems and methods for integrating the pyrolysis and hydrodeoxygenation of pyrolyzable matter. The pyrolysis reactors create a horizontally rotating, fluidized-bed to which pyrolyzable matter, such as biomass, may be converted via pyrolysis into liquid fuels and/or value-added chemicals.

Abstract: A method for producing fatty acid alkyl esters from biolipids through transesterification and/or esterification reactions uses a flow-through cavitation device for generating cavitation bubbles in a fluidic reaction medium. The fluidic medium is passed through sequential compartments in the cavitation device having varying diameters and inner surface features to create localized reductions in fluid pressure thus vaporizing volatile alcohols and creating an increased surface area and optimized conditions for the reaction to occur at the gas-liquid interface around the bubbles.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for continuous production of liquid fuels from biomass are provided. Some embodiments utilize a thermochemical process to produce a bio-oil in parallel with a thermochemical process to produce a hydrogen-rich synthesis gas. Both product streams may be fed into a third reaction chamber that may enrich the bio-oil with the hydrogen gas, for example, in a continuous production process. One product stream may include a liquid fuel such as diesel. Some embodiments may also produce other product streams including, but not limited to, electrical power generation and/or biochar.

Abstract: A system and method for the conversion of free fatty acids to glycerides and the subsequent conversion of glycerides to glycerin and biodiesel includes the transesterification of a glyceride stream with an alcohol. The fatty acid alkyl esters are separated from the glycerin to produce a first liquid phase containing a fatty acid alkyl ester rich (concentrated) stream and a second liquid phase containing a glycerin rich (concentrated) stream. The fatty acid alkyl ester rich stream is then subjected to distillation, preferably reactive distillation, wherein the stream undergoes both physical separation and chemical reaction. The fatty acid alkyl ester rich stream is then purified to produce a purified biodiesel product and a glyceride rich residue stream. Neutralization of the alkaline stream, formed during the alkali-catalyzed transesterfication process, may proceed by the addition of a mineral or an organic acid.

Abstract: Methods and systems for the devolatilization of thermally produced liquids to raise the flash point are disclosed. Various methods and apparatus can be used to effectively reduce the volatile components, such as wiped film evaporator, falling film evaporator, flash column, packed column, devolatilization vessel or tank.

Abstract: A method for obtaining a fuel from jatropha seeds having a fat content of at least 30% by weight, and simultaneously obtaining a protein-rich meal.

Abstract: A demulsifier and dispersant for treating petroleum crude oils and biofuels prior to desalter and heater treater processing can also be used to treat slop oils and clean drill cuttings.

Abstract: When producing biodiesel from fats, oils or split fatty acids rich in steryl glycosides, the light phase rich in fatty acid alkyl esters, which is obtained from the transesterification or esterification, is washed with water in a washing column, wherein the suspension layer formed is treated by stirring. In this way, the steryl glycosides are transferred into the light phase of the wash. In a subsequent treatment of the light washer phase with water in an intensive mixer, compact steryl glycoside/fatty acid alkyl ester/water agglomerates are obtained, which can easily be separated by means of centrifugation. From the light phase of centrifugation, on-spec biodiesel is obtained upon further processing by drying and/or filtration. This process is suitable for processing fats, oils or split fatty acids with a high content of steryl glycosides and avoids the use of auxiliary substances foreign to the process. It is characterized by simplicity of equipment and a low demand for energy.

Abstract: Integrated process for the production of bio-oil from sludge coming from a wastewater purification plant comprising the following steps: (a) sending wastewater to said purification plant obtaining sludge; (b) subjecting the sludge obtained in said step (a) to liquefaction, obtaining a mixture Including an oily phase consisting of bio-oil, a solid phase and an aqueous phase; (c) sending the aqueous phase obtained in said step (b) to said purification plant. The bio-oil (or “bio-crude”) thus obtained can be advantageously used in the production of bio-fuels which can be used as such, or in a mixture with other automotive fuels. Otherwise, said bio-oil (or “bio-crude”) can be used as such (bio-fuel), or in a mixture with fossil fuels (combustible oil, coal, etc.), for the generation of electric energy or heat.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of a tunicate or an extract obtained from a tunicate for the production of one or more biofuel selected from an alcohol and biodiesel. The invention also relates to a method for producing a biofuel from a tunicate wherein the biofuel is selected from an alcohol and biodiesel and wherein said method comprises the steps of: (a)(i) subjecting said tunicate or one or more polysaccharides extracted from said tunicate to enzymatic or acid hydrolysis to form a hydrolysate containing one or more monosaccharides and (ii) fermenting said one or more monosaccharides to form an alcohol; or (b)(i) extracting lipids/fatty acids from said tunicate and (ii) converting said lipids/fatty acids into biodiesel by transesterification or alcoholysis or (iii) subjecting said tunicate to transesterification or alcoholysis thereby converting lipids/fatty acids present in said tunicate into biodiesel.

Abstract: A process for preparing a renewable biofuel consists of subjecting a bio-oil mixture to deoxygenation in a hydrotreater and then separating hydrocarbon fractions from the deoxygenated product to form the biofuel. The bio-oil mixture contains a bio-oil feedstream and a treated bio-oil feed. The treated bio-oil feed is a stream from which undesirable heavy materials and solid materials have been removed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an integrated method and system to produce biodiesel from a plurality of assorted feed stocks. The feedstocks are pretreated with degumming, physical refining and glycerolysis. The degumming removes impurities, except free fatty acid (FFA), from the recovered vegetable oil and the animal fats. The physical refining removes the free fatty acid (FFA) by heating the recovered vegetable oil and the animal fats and pulling vacuum to allow separation of boiling points between the oil of the feedstocks and the free fatty acids (FFA). The glycerolysis converts the free fatty acid (FFA) from the physical refining into a single methyl ester (SME). The single methyl ester (SME) is combined with the refined natural oil and unrefined natural oil to form a combined oil feedstock. The combined oil feedstock is subject to transesterification by reacting the combined feedstock oil with a catalyst and a solvent to produce biodiesel and glycerin.

Abstract: The present document describes a system and a process for the thermochemical treatment a matter containing organic compounds such as biomass in the form of animals droppings. The system and process may be used for the production of useful energetic products such as biochar, bio-oil and gases from non-condensed vapors.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to bioengineering approaches for producing biofuel and, in particular, to the use of a C1 metabolizing microorganism reactor system for converting C1 substrates, such as methane or methanol, into biomass and subsequently into biofuels, bioplastics, or the like.

Abstract: The process described in the instant invention has the steps of dissolving the lipid-containing biomass in an ionic liquid, whereby a lipid phase and a hydrophilic phase are formed. The lipid phase contains primarily triglycerides, which can be converted to biodiesel by transesterification to, e.g., methyl esters. The hydrophilic phase comprises dissolved biopolymers, such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and protein. The biopolymers are converted in situ to compounds that are insoluble in the molten inorganic salt hydrate. The molten inorganic salt hydrates regenerated by removing insolubles, such as lignin, ash from the biomass, and water.