Abstract: A display device and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The display of the present invention includes a flexible substrate, a display layer, a protecting layer, an electronic unit, and a filling glue. The flexible substrate has a carrying surface. The display layer is disposed on the carrying surface and has a side edge. The protecting layer is disposed on the opposite side of the display layer corresponding to the carrying surface. The electronic unit is disposed on the carrying surface with a space formed between the electronic unit and the side edge of the display layer. The filling glue is filled in the space and connected with the side edge of the display layer, the electronic unit, and the carrying surface.

Abstract: A display panel includes a first display substrate, a second display substrate facing the first display substrate and being coupled to the first display substrate, a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first display substrate and the second display substrate, an alignment layer disposed in a display area of at least one of the first and second display substrates, and a partition wall disposed in a peripheral area surrounding the display area of the first or second display substrate. The partition wall includes a body and a capping layer that covers an upper surface of the body. A width of the upper surface of the body is smaller than a width of the capping layer disposed on the body.

Abstract: A method to improve light extraction efficiency of a light emitting element such as an electroluminescent element is disclosed. Over a substrate, a first electrode, a light emitting layer, and a second electrode are sequentially stacked. The first electrode is a reflective electrode. The second electrode is an electrode which transmits visible light, and light emitted from the light emitting layer is extracted from the second electrode. In contact with a surface of the second electrode, many fine particles are provided. The fine particles have a refractive index which is equal to or higher than that of the second electrode. Light which passes through the second electrode is scattered and refracted by the fine particles. Accordingly, the amount of light which is totally reflected at an interface between the second electrode and a gas is reduced, and light extraction efficiency is improved.

Abstract: A flat panel display apparatus includes a panel including an image region on which an image is realized, a window covering the panel, a black matrix formed in the window along a side edge of the image region, and a resin layer that is ultraviolet (UV) curable and that bonds the panel and the window. The black matrix includes a black ink part for blocking UV rays, and a diffusion ink part for transmitting UV rays. In the flat panel display apparatus, the resin layer for window bonding is sufficiently cured in all regions, including a region thereof under the black matrix, so that a bonding defect in the window due to insufficient curing of the resin layer is significantly decreased.

Abstract: A display device includes: a first substrate; a second substrate on the first substrate and facing the first substrate, the second substrate having a first electrode on a surface thereof; a third substrate on the second substrate and facing the second substrate, the third substrate having a second electrode on a surface thereof, the second electrode facing the first electrode and configured to form an electric field between the first electrode and the second electrode; a barrier layer interposed between the second substrate and the third substrate, the barrier layer configured to selectively control transmission and blockage of light in regions thereof corresponding to each of a plurality of pixels; and a first polarizing plate on the third substrate and configured to transmit a portion of light passing through the barrier layer, the portion of light having a first phase, the barrier layer including electrochromic elements.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for fabricating an organic electroluminescent device, are discussed. According to an embodiment, the method includes depositing an organic material on a substrate coupled to a first tray in a first substrate treatment unit using the first tray as a mask, depositing a metal material on the substrate coupled to a second tray in a second substrate treatment unit using the second tray as mask, wherein the deposition of the organic material or the metal material in the first and second substrate treatment units includes primarily moving the first and second trays such that the first and second trays are aligned with the substrate, when each of the first and second trays is coupled to the substrate, and secondarily moving the first and second trays and the substrate such that the substrate and the trays are aligned at predetermined positions.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting display device includes a first substrate including an organic light-emitting diode and a plurality of electrodes connected to the organic light-emitting diode, the plurality of electrodes extending on the first substrate along a first direction toward an edge of the first substrate, a second substrate connected to the first substrate, the second substrate being shorter than the first substrate and exposing a portion of the plurality of electrodes on the first substrate, a sealing material disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate to surround the organic light-emitting diode, and an electrode protecting layer partially covering the exposed portion of the plurality of electrodes on the first substrate, a first side of the electrode protecting layer being between the first substrate and the second substrate, and a second side of the electrode protecting layer protruding beyond the second substrate.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, there is provided a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display panel, which includes preparing a pair of substrates including respective alignment films formed therein and subjected to photo alignment treatment, providing a sealing material on a frame area of the alignment film of one of the pair of substrates, and bonding the pair of substrates to each other with the sealing material, and curing the sealing material to form a sealing member, and forming a liquid crystal layer in space surrounded by the pair of substrates and the sealing member. The sealing material satisfies the following formula B?2000 [?m]/A.

Abstract: Provided is an organic light-emitting display apparatus. The organic light-emitting display apparatus includes a substrate, an organic light-emitting unit formed on the substrate and including a stacked structure of a first electrode, an intermediate layer, and a second electrode, an organic layer formed on the organic light-emitting unit, a first adhesion promoting layer formed on the organic layer, and a first inorganic layer formed on the adhesion promoting layer and including a low temperature viscosity transition (LVT) inorganic material.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a liquid crystal panel includes substrates opposed to each other and paired. The liquid crystal panel includes a liquid crystal layer interposed between the substrates. The liquid crystal panel includes a sealed portion that includes bending corner portions at positions spaced from the outer edges of the substrates, and surrounds the periphery of the liquid crystal layer and bonds the substrates together. The liquid crystal panel includes main spacers that are interposed between the substrates at the position of the liquid crystal layer and hold the gap between the substrates. The liquid crystal panel includes auxiliary spacers that are interposed between the substrates to fill the portions between the outer side portions of the corner portions of the sealed portion and the outer edge sides of the substrates and hold the gap between the substrates.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display panel includes preparing thin substrates for upper panel and lower panels, and first and second support substrates for the thin substrates, attaching the thin substrate for the upper panel to the first support substrate, and attaching the thin substrate for the lower panel to the second support substrate, forming the upper and lower panels by forming members for the display panel on surfaces of the respective thin substrates in a state where the thin substrates are attached to the first and second support substrates, respectively, bonding the upper and lower panels, and separating the first and second support substrates from the upper and lower panels, where at least one part of a border of a surface of each of the first and second support substrates, where the surface is attached to the upper or lower panel, is tapered.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a display device includes forming a releasing layer including graphene on a support substrate, forming a thin film substrate on the releasing layer, forming pixels and an encapsulation member on the thin film substrate, and separating the releasing layer and the support substrate from the thin film substrate.

Abstract: A display device includes a base substrate, a plurality of pixels disposed on the base substrate, a light collecting member disposed on the plurality of pixels, and an encapsulation member disposed on the light collecting member and facing the base substrate to cover the plurality of pixels, where the light collecting member includes a light collecting layer including a protrusion pattern disposed on an upper surface of the light collecting layer and the protrusion pattern is protruded in one direction to change an optical path of a light passing through the light collecting layer.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a liquid crystal panel and its manufacturing method are provided that can ensure a bonding strength between substrates that a sealed portion provides, while achieving a narrowed frame. The liquid crystal panel includes a pair of corrective structures provided in a manner protruding from an array substrate toward a counter substrate. The liquid crystal panel further includes a counter structure disposed in at least a portion of the frame area and provided in a manner protruding from the counter substrate toward the array substrate, the leading end of the structure coming closer to the surface of the array substrate than the leading ends of the corrective structures and positioned between the corrective structures. A sealed portion arranged to bond the substrates to each other is formed through curing of a fluidic sealing material and provided between the corrective structures and the counter structure.

Abstract: A display device includes: an element substrate on which light-emitting elements are arranged, the light-emitting elements being arranged in a display region of the element substrate; a sealing resin layer located over the light-emitting elements arranged on the element substrate; and an opposite substrate located opposite the element substrate with the sealing resin layer therebetween. The sealing resin layer includes: a first sealing portion formed along an outer periphery of the display region so as to have a frame-like shape; a second sealing portion formed so as to cover the display region within the first sealing portion; and a dendritic portion being a branched extension of the second sealing portion that extends into the first sealing portion. A tip of the dendritic portion is located within an outer periphery of the first sealing portion.

Abstract: A display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a substrate, a display panel disposed on the substrate, a sealing substrate which is disposed opposite to the display panel, and a sealing unit disposed between the substrate and the sealing substrate, enclosing the display panel. The sealing unit has a penetration hole which passes through the sealing unit in a vertical direction.

Abstract: A method is provided for forming a uniform light emitting medium layer by a relief printing method without occurrence of printing defects. The method includes producing an organic EL device containing a substrate having thereon a pixel electrode, pixel regions that are demarcated with a partition wall on the pixel electrode, a light emitting medium layer having a light emitting layer containing at least an organic light emitting material on the pixel regions, and a counter electrode facing the pixel electrode. The method can have a step of forming at least one layer constituting the light emitting medium layer by a relief printing method, and the ink used in the relief printing method being transferred from two or more adjacent relief patterns within one of the pixel regions and being integrated by flow thereof to form the light emitting medium layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides an OLED panel and the package method thereof. The OLED panel comprises: a substrate 40, multiple OLED devices 42 formed on the substrate 40, a package cover 20 attached oppositely to the substrate 40 and multiple sealed plastic frame 60 provided between the substrate 40 and the package cover 20 and corresponding to the OLED device 42. The package cover 20 is provided with multiple protrusions 42 corresponding to the multiple OLED devices 22. A groove 24 is formed around the protrusion 22. The sealed plastic frame 60 is located in the groove 24. The lower surface of the protrusion 22 is close to the upper surface of the OLED device 42.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes: a substrate; a display panel on the substrate; and a sealing substrate opposite to the display panel. The display apparatus includes further includes a heat dissipating layer which is between the display panel and the sealing substrate and dissipates heat generated from the display panel; and a sealing portion which is between the substrate and the sealing substrate and surrounds the display panel.

Abstract: A color filter substrate including a base substrate, a color layer on the base substrate, a conductive layer on the color layer, and a grain compensation layer between the color layer and the conductive layer. The grain compensation layer includes zinc oxide and a metal oxide other than zinc oxide. A content of the metal oxide is lower than that of the zinc oxide in the grain compensation layer. The grain compensation layer increases the grain size of the conductive layer.

Abstract: A light-emitting device which is thin and lightweight and has high flexibility, impact resistance, and reliability is provided. Further, a light-emitting device which is thin and lightweight and has high flexibility, impact resistance, and hermeticity is provided. In the light-emitting device in which a light-emitting region including a transistor and a light-emitting element is sealed between a first flexible substrate and a second flexible substrate, an opening is provided in the second flexible substrate around a region overlapping with the light-emitting region, the opening is filled with frit glass containing low-melting glass and bonding the first flexible substrate and the second flexible substrate, and the frit glass is provided so as to be in contact with an insulating layer provided over the first flexible substrate. The second flexible substrate may include an opening in a region overlapping with the light-emitting region.

Abstract: A device is disclosed. The device includes a substrate, and a plurality of spacers arranged on one side of the substrate. Each spacer has a cross section taken in a direction parallel with the substrate, where a size of the cross section of each spacer in a length direction is greater than a size of the cross section of each spacer in a width direction. In addition, an angle between the length direction of the cross section of the spacer and an X-direction of the substrate is greater than about 0° and less than about 90°, or greater than about 90° and less than about 180°.

Abstract: A touch-sensing liquid crystal panel and a fabrication method thereof are provided. The touch-sensing liquid crystal panel includes a color filter substrate and a transistor substrate. In the fabrication method, at first, a first glass substrate is provided. Thereafter, a sensing matrix is formed on a first surface of the first glass substrate at a baking temperature. The sensing matrix is formed from indium tin oxide (ITO), and a sheet resistance of the sensing matrix is equal to or less than 30 ohm/square. Then, color filters and a common electrode are disposed on a second surface of the first glass substrate to form a color filter substrate, wherein the second surface is opposite to the first surface. Thereafter, the transistor substrate is provided and combined with the color filter substrate. Thereafter, a slimming process is performed to slim a second glass substrate of the transistor substrate.

Abstract: A display panel including a driving substrate, a display film, a first protection film, a first adhesion layer, and a sidewall structure is provided. The display film is disposed on the driving substrate. The first protection film is adhered on the display film through the first adhesion layer. The display film is located between the driving substrate and the first protection film. A material of the first adhesion layer is thermal melt-able. The sidewall structure is in contact with a side surface of the display film and includes the material of the first adhesion layer which is melted and re-solidified. In addition, a manufacture method of the display panel includes irradiating the driving substrate the first protection film and the first adhesion layer with a laser to form the sidewall structure in contact with the side surface of the display film.

Abstract: Disclosed is a light emitting device. More specifically, disclosed are an organic electroluminescent device display and a method for manufacturing the same. The organic electroluminescent device display includes a substrate, an organic electroluminescent device disposed on the substrate, a sealing cap for sealing the organic electroluminescent device, and a getter disposed inside the sealing cap, the getter comprising a graphene layer.

Abstract: A first organic insulating film is arranged on a first substrate in a circumference area outside an active area. A mounting portion is located in the circumference area for mounting a signal source. A second organic insulating film is formed on a second substrate in the circumference area so as to face the first substrate. The second substrate exposes the mounting portion. A seal material is arranged between the first organic insulating film and the second organic insulating film to attach the first substrate and the second substrate. A resin layer is arranged between the first organic insulating film and the second organic insulating film in the circumference area, and formed in a rectangular frame shape including four linear ends. An end along the mounting portion is formed broadly than other ends.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode display includes a substrate, an organic light emitting unit disposed on the substrate and including a laminate of a first electrode, an organic emission film, and a second electrode, a first inorganic film formed on the substrate to cover the organic light emitting unit, the first inorganic film including SnO2, and a second inorganic film formed on the first inorganic film, the second inorganic film including SnO2 at a top surface and including SnO, a proportion of the SnO increasing in a direction from the top surface of the second inorganic film toward the first inorganic film.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for cutting a liquid crystal display panel and a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display panel having a desired size using the same. In a method for cutting a liquid crystal display panel which includes an upper panel to which a color filter is formed and a lower filter on which a thin film transistor is formed, the upper panel and the lower panel are respectively cut in such a way that a cut edge of the upper panel is outwardly protruded from a cut edge of the lower panel so that a step is formed at a cut surface between the upper panel and the lower panel. Since the cut edge of the upper panel is upwardly protruded from the cut edge of the lower panel, electrodes, signal lines, thin film transistors of the lower panel can be prevented from being damaged by the contact with the dispenser or by the pressure of the sprayed sealant while the sealant is formed after the cutting.

Abstract: A display device packaging method comprises steps of: providing a first substrate including a display region and a non-display region that surrounds the display region; providing an adhesive material which is disposed on the first substrate and formed into a closed curve surrounding the display region, wherein the closed curve has a start zone and an end zone connected to the start zone; providing a light-blocking element at least covering the end zone; providing a heating source radiating to the light-blocking element and moving the heating source to the start zone of the adhesive material; and scanning the adhesive material from the start zone to the end zone along the closed curve by the heating source. A display device is also disclosed.

Abstract: In an organic EL illumination device (1), a plurality of organic EL elements (4) are provided between an element substrate (30) and a covering substrate (20). A heat dissipation member (14) which covers surfaces of the organic EL elements (4) is provided in a space formed between the element substrate (30) and the covering substrate (20), between each organic EL element (4).

Abstract: A method for making a field emission cathode device, including the following steps: (S1) providing a substrate including a first surface, and a carbon nanotube structure defining a first portion and a second portion, the carbon nanotube structure including a plurality of carbon nanotubes, a longitudinal direction of the plurality of carbon nanotubes being from the first portion to the second portion; (S2) placing the carbon nanotube structure on the first surface of the substrate, and fastening the first portion to the substrate; and (S3) repeatedly rubbing the carbon nanotube structure along the direction from the first portion to the second portion.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device includes forming a first substrate including first display regions, forming a second substrate including second display regions, forming seal members of a loop shape around the first or second display regions, dropping a liquid crystal material onto the first or second display regions surrounded by the seal members, and bonding the first and second substrates to each other by the seal members such that the first display regions oppose the second display regions. In the dropping, a greater amount of liquid crystal material is dropped onto display regions close to ends of the first or second substrate, than onto display regions close to a center of the first or second substrate.

Abstract: An array of microcavity plasma devices is formed in a unitary sheet of oxide with embedded microcavities or microchannels and encapsulated metal driving electrodes isolated by oxide from the microcavities or microchannels and arranged so as to generate sustain a plasma in the embedded microcavities or microchannels upon application of time-varying voltage when a plasma medium is contained in the microcavities or microchannels.

Abstract: The present invention provides a luminescent composition which is capable of providing an inorganic electroluminescent sheet with a high productivity at low costs in an efficient manner, and has a desired light transmittance (transparency) when no electric voltage is applied thereto, an inorganic electroluminescent sheet obtained from the luminescent composition which can be mass-produced, and a process for producing the inorganic electroluminescent sheet. The present invention relates to a luminescent composition including an inorganic electroluminescent substance and a binder resin, wherein a content of the inorganic electroluminescent substance is not less than 0.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting display apparatus and a method of manufacturing the same, the apparatus including: a substrate; a first electrode formed on the substrate; an intermediate layer formed on the first electrode, including an organic emissive layer; a second electrode formed on the intermediate layer; and an insulating member interposed between the intermediate layer and the second electrode, on an edge of the first electrode.

Abstract: Electronic displays are physically reshaped and/or resized to meet custom specifications for special applications such as avionics, where Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) are not typically used. Customization includes cutting the physical display to specified dimensions to fit into a target opening, and resealing the display to preserve proper cell spacing and assure basic functionality. The sealing process may include improving the original seal, and/or providing additional seals.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present application discloses a narrow frame display device including an upper substrate, a bottom substrate, a liquid crystal layer filled between the upper substrate and the bottom substrate, and sealant disposed at peripheries of the upper substrate and the bottom substrate; the common electrodes of the display device overlapping the sealant are transparent common electrodes. A method for manufacturing the narrow frame display device is also disclosed.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for resizing an electronic display that includes front and back plates, a perimeter seal spacing apart the plates and defining an enclosed cell area between the plates that includes an original display image area, image-generating medium sealed in the enclosed cell area, and electrical circuits on inner surfaces of the plates extending throughout the original display image area. For example, a cut line may be identified that intersects across the original display image area of the display. A laser may be directed adjacent the cut line to heat and/or separate leads of the electrical circuits adjacent the cut line. The display may be cut adjacent the cut line, e.g., before or after separating leads along the cut line, resulting in a target display portion with an exposed edge, and an excess display portion, and then the exposed edge may be sealed.

Abstract: The embodiments of the present invention disclose a vacuum cell-assembling device and a cell-assembling method. The vacuum cell-assembling device comprises: an upper substrate, a signal processing apparatus, and a lower substrate provided opposite to the upper substrate, wherein the upper substrate is provided with a light-emitting apparatus thereon, and the lower substrate is provided a photosensitive receiving element array thereon, and the photosensitive receiving element array is connected with the signal processing apparatus, and the signal processing apparatus is adapted for converting the electrical signals from the photosensitive receiving element array to a liquid crystal diffusion-simulation image.

Abstract: An organic light emitting display apparatus includes a first substrate, an organic light emitting element, a second substrate and a sealing complex. The first substrate includes a display region and at least one peripheral region. The at least one peripheral region surrounds the display region. The organic light emitting element is disposed in the display region. The second substrate corresponds to the first substrate. The sealing complex includes a first seal and a second seal. The first seal is disposed between the at least one peripheral region of the first substrate and the second substrate. The first seal surrounds the display region. The second seal is spaced apart from the first seal by a hydrophobically treated surface. The second seal surrounds the first seal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display that maintains a more uniform cell gap and improves adherence between two display panels by improving adhesion between substrates and their bead spacers, as well as a manufacturing method thereof. An exemplary liquid crystal display includes: a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other; a bead spacer comprising a plurality of beads and a first adhesive coupling the beads to the first substrate; a second adhesive corresponding to the bead spacer and disposed on the second substrate so as to contact the bead spacer; and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.

Abstract: Multiple colors of light emitted by an assembled light emitting diode (LED) based illumination device is automatically tuned to within a predefined tolerance of multiple target color points by modifying portions of wavelength converting materials associated with each color. A first color of light emitted from the assembled LED based illumination device in response to a first current is measured and a second color of light emitted from the assembled LED based illumination device in response to a second current is measured. A material modification plan to modify wavelength converting materials is determined based at least in part on the measured colors of light and desired colors of light to be emitted. The wavelength converting materials may be selectively modified in accordance with the material modification plan so that the assembled LED based illumination device emits colors of light that are within a predetermined tolerance of target color points.

Abstract: A flat panel display apparatus includes a substrate; a display unit disposed on the substrate; a sealing substrate disposed to face the display unit; a sealing member disposed between the substrate and the sealing substrate to surround the display unit; a wiring unit disposed between the substrate and the sealing substrate, including a region that overlaps the sealing member, and including a plurality of wiring members that are spaced apart from each other in at least a portion of the region that overlaps the sealing member; and a lead-in unit connected to the wiring unit to apply a voltage to the wiring unit, and formed to be electrically connectable to an external power source.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a flexible display apparatus, the method includes bonding a substrate onto a porous carrier substrate; forming a light-emitting display unit on the substrate; forming an encapsulating layer on the light-emitting display unit; and removing the porous carrier substrate.

Abstract: A gas barrier substrate including a first gas barrier layer, a substrate, and a second gas barrier layer is provided. The first gas barrier layer has a central bonding surface bonded with the substrate and a peripheral boding surface surrounding the central bonding surface. The second gas barrier layer entirely covers the substrate and the first gas barrier layer. The second gas barrier layer is bonded with the substrate and the peripheral boding surface of the first gas barrier layer, wherein a minimum distance from an edge of the substrate to an edge of the first gas barrier layer is greater than a thickness of the first gas barrier layer.

Abstract: Pre-manufactured electronic displays and, in particular, liquid crystal flat-panel displays, may be cut to a new size and resealed while preserving their originally-manufactured properties. A display may be cut, and the exposed edge of a target portion may be sealed, e.g., to preserve the integrity of the target portion of the display. It may be desirable to cause a sealant to go in between the plates of the panel, e.g., to achieve improved yield, chemical isolation, dimensional integrity, and/or strength of the seal. Apparatus and methods are disclosed where the sealant is injected or otherwise forced into the region between the plates adjacent the exposed edge. This sealing process may achieve more sealant surface contact area inside the panel in between the plates, e.g., to achieve better bonding strength, chemical isolation, and/or improved yield.

Abstract: A method of forming a microplasma device places a curable polymer material between a mold having a negative volume impression of microcavities and/or microchannels and a substrate. The polymer is cured and then the mold is separated from the solid polymer. The method can form a microplasma device that includes a substrate and either or both of a microchannel or microcavity defined in a polymer layer supported by the substrate. Electrodes arranged with respect to the polymer material can excite plasma in a discharge medium contained in the microchannel or the microcavity or both. A flexible mold is preferably used to fabricate transparent polymer microcavities onto rigid substrates. A rigid mold is preferably used to fabricate transparent polymer microcavities onto flexible substrates. Having one of the mold and the substrate flexible and the other rigid aids in the separation of the mold from the cured polymer.

Abstract: A sealing apparatus and a method of manufacturing a flat display device using the sealing apparatus. The sealing apparatus to attach a first substrate and a second substrate to each other using an attachment member disposed between the first and second substrates, the sealing apparatus comprises a stage on which the first substrate is seated, a halogen lamp irradiating light, and a reflector reflecting light irradiated from the halogen lamp to the attachment member.

Abstract: A glass layer 3 is disposed between a glass member 4 and a thermal conductor 7 along a region to be fused. The glass layer 3 is formed by removing an organic solvent and a binder from the paste layer while using the thermal conductor 7 as a hotplate. Then, a laser beam L1 is emitted while using the thermal conductor 7 as a heatsink, so as to melt the glass layer 3, thereby burning and fixing the glass layer 3 onto the glass member 4. Thereafter, another glass member is overlaid on the glass member 4 having the glass layer 3 burned thereonto, such that the glass layer 3 is interposed therebetween. Then, the region to be fused is irradiated therealong with a laser beam, so as to fuse the glass members together.

Abstract: A flat display device includes a substrate, a light-emitting diode on the substrate, and a sealing layer on the light-emitting diode, the sealing layer including at least one sealing unit that includes an organic film, an oxygen-free buffer layer on the organic film, and an inorganic film on the oxygen-free buffer layer.