Abstract: A method and apparatus for handoff of a wireless client from a first network device to a second network device in a wired network are disclosed. In one embodiment, the method includes receiving data from a new wireless client at the second network device and transmitting a request for a route update for the new wireless client to the wired network. Prior to network convergence for the route update, data traffic for the new wireless client is received from the first network device and forwarded to the new wireless client. Context information for the new wireless client is transmitted from the second network device to other network devices in a proximity group of the second network device.

Abstract: An auxiliary handover message is sent from a target eNB to a UE being handed over from a source eNB. The auxiliary handover message includes a context identifier that is established between the source eNB and the UE, which the source eNB provides to the target eNB during context data exchange when preparing for the handover. The UE uses the context identifier to verify that the auxiliary handover message is valid. Various approaches are detailed for minimizing signaling overhead and minimizing the time the UE must monitor the separate channel for the auxiliary handover message in the event the UE does not properly receive the original handover message from the source eNB. The context identifier may be a random number, a C-RNTI, an eNB-ID, or a token. The auxiliary handover command sent from the target eNB may be the context identifier with or without a copy of the handover command.

Abstract: A mobile station incapable of communicating via a first radio access technology (RAT) and capable of communicating via a second radio access technology (RAT). The mobile station comprising a component configured to receive a list of neighbor cells of the second RAT. The list containing at least one identifying characteristic associated with at least one cell of the first RAT. A component configured to determine that the at least one identifying characteristic is associated with at least one cell of the first RAT.

Abstract: A method of handling security configuration for a mobile device using a mapped security context in a wireless communication system includes utilizing the mapped security context to derive ciphering and integrity keys when security configuration, indicating a key update based on a cached security context, is received.

Abstract: A base station of a mobile device's movement destination receives a diversity handover (DHO) start notification from a mobile station at the beginning of a DHO. This notifies a radio network control apparatus and an instruction is issued to the base station to add a radio link. The time for transmitting data to a mobile device is determined, the transmission timing is rounded up, and the data is transmitted from the base station to a mobile device. In this event, a search window's timing for receiving data from the mobile device is shifted with the round up of the transmission timing; and therefore the width of the search window is enlarged. The movement destination's base station also receives a DHO complete notification from a mobile device at the completion of the DHO. The movement destination's base station changes the width of the width-enlarged window back to the original width.

Abstract: A method and system for a handoff in a broadcast communication system is disclosed. A subscriber-assisted handoff is impractical in a broadcast communication system due to e.g., a high signaling load, a difficulty to synchronize the broadcast transmission. On the other hand, the small number of broadcast channels enables the subscriber station to perform the handoff autonomously. While performing a handoff between broadcast transmissions, a disruption of service occurs due to lack of synchronization among the broadcast transmissions. To reduce the service disruption, upon detecting a need for handoff, the lower layers inform the application layer about the forthcoming handoff. The application layer thus may take measures to reduce or prevent the disruption.

Abstract: Communications between a terminal and a terrestrial base station are established. The terrestrial base station receives a request to monitor a satellite base station from the terminal. The terrestrial base station grants the request and receives monitoring information for the satellite base station corresponding to the request. Granting of the request may include suspending transmission from the terrestrial base station to the terminal for a period of time sufficient to allow the terminal to request the monitoring information from the satellite base station and receiving monitoring information may include receiving the requested monitoring information at the terrestrial base station via a communications path not including the terminal. Suspending transmission from the terrestrial base station to the terminal may be followed by resuming transmission to the terminal before receiving the monitoring information at the terrestrial base station.

Abstract: An apparatus and method relates to transmission of media independent (MIH) handover protocol information, the access point includes a wired interface module to receive, through a wired network, indication information indicating whether an access point that manages a neighboring heterogeneous subnet supports a protocol to conduct a media independent handover (MIH), a storage module to store the received indication information, a frame generating module to generate a frame including the stored indication information, and a wireless interface module to transmit the generated frame to a mobile node.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method in a wireless cellular telecommunications device camped on a serving cell, the device storing a parameter obtained from a first cell. The method comprising: measuring an attribute of a signal received from a candidate cell; and, evaluating the candidate cell for re-selection. If a carrier frequency of the candidate cell matches a carrier frequency of the first cell, the evaluation of the candidate cell for re-selection is based on at least the measured attribute and the stored parameter, else the evaluation of the candidate cell for re-selection is performed without using the stored parameter. A device and computer readable medium are also provided.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate to connected-state radio session transfer in wireless communications. A source access network controller may lock a source radio session associated with an access terminal (e.g., in response to detecting a handoff condition associated with the access terminal), where the source access network controller may be in communication with a data network. The source access network controller may also instruct a target access network controller to create a target radio session corresponding with the source radio session, and to establish a communication route between the data network and the access network via the target ANC. The source access network controller may then freeze a state associated with the source radio session and transmits the frozen state to the target access network controller. The target access network controller may subsequently unfreeze the received state and further unlock the radio session, hence resuming control of the access terminal.

Abstract: Call control for originating and terminating calls in a visited circuit-switched subsystem (CS) or home multimedia subsystem (MS) as well as transferring calls between the visited CS and the home MS may be anchored at a continuity control function (CCF) in the home MS. Call signaling for the call may be passed through the CCF. When the user element is homed to the home MS and served by the visited CS, the bearer path for the call is established based on the relative proximity of the home MS and the visited CS. When a local MS is more proximate to the visited CS, the bearer path may be routed through a gateway in the local MS, instead of through the gateway in the home MS. When the home MS is sufficiently proximate to the visited CS, the bearer path is routed through the gateway in the home MS.

Abstract: A method of performing handover using subnet information includes: comparing subnet information for the current PoA with subnet information for the new PoA; and determining a layer in which handover is performed, according to whether the subnet information for the current PoA is equal to the subnet information for the new PoA, and performing handover in the determined layer. By comparing subnet information received before a mobile node moves with subnet information received after the mobile node moves, and thus quickly determining whether a change between subnets occurs, and by determining a layer in which handover is performed on the basis of the determination result, it is possible to efficiently perform handover.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the method of carrier handoff includes receiving a measurement report from a mobile providing information regarding path loss as measured at the mobile for a serving one of the multiple carriers on the downlink. The serving carrier is the carrier over which the mobile communicates on the uplink. The method further includes selectively sending an instruction to the mobile to handoff to a non-serving one of the multiple carriers depending on whether a threshold requirement associated with the serving carrier has been met. Meeting the threshold requirement is based on the received measurement report, and each of the multiple carriers has an associated threshold requirement.

Abstract: Method, system and devices for managing carrier aggregation in a radiocommunication system. According to the method, the user equipment (3) carries out the steps of: receiving (7;12) a list of multiple carriers in a determined order; and selecting (9;14) one carrier from the list of multiple carriers as a serving carrier, based on a position of said carrier in the list of multiple carriers.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for that provides a re-entry procedure following a radio frequency outage in a wireless communication network is disclosed. The method includes providing (204) a entity identification for a base station (102-106) or a paging controller (108) to a mobile station (110) during initial entry of the mobile station to a wireless communication network. The method also includes storing (206) mobile station context information at an entity corresponding to the entity identification. After a radio frequency outage occurs after the initial entry of the mobile station into the network, a notification is sent (218) that indicates that the mobile station is re-entering the wireless communication network. Based on the notification that there has been a radio frequency outage, the mobile station context information is obtained (220) to assist the mobile station to re-enter the wireless communication network.

Abstract: The present invention provides method and arrangements for dynamically and automatically obtaining a macro layer TA footprint for a femtocell, i.e. the femtocell's location in relation to the macro layer TAs, and to use this information to minimize signaling load from Tracking Area Updating in conjunction with femtocells.

Abstract: The present application describes embodiments of a method and apparatus for determining handover parameters in a wireless overlay network. One embodiment includes modifying a bias value used to determine when to handover user equipment between a macrocell and a femtocell that overlays the macrocell. The bias value is modified in response to a change in one or more handover frequencies associated with the user equipment. Handovers of user equipment are triggered when a sum of the bias value and a measured value of the femtocell signal strength exceed a measured value of the macrocell signal strength.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and arrangements for configuring the HeNB (Home eNode B) to retrieve location information indicative of its location and sending this location information via a core network node to a UE (User Equipment) authorized to access the HeNB. The UE can then based on this received location information and on a determination of the location of the UE determine whether the UE is being positioned in the coverage of the HeNB. This implies that the authorized UEs of the HeNB know when they should try to find and access the HeNB and the UEs may then avoid accessing the HeNB when it is out of the HeNB coverage which will save UE battery and reduce interference.

Abstract: A wireless communication method and apparatus for selecting cells in an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system are disclosed. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) measures a downlink path loss of a current serving cell and at least one other cell. The WTRU determines whether a path loss difference between the serving cell and the other cell is below a threshold. If the path loss difference is below the threshold, the WTRU measures a channel quality indicator (CQI) for each of the plurality of subcarrier blocks in the downlink of the current serving cell and the other cell, respectively. The WTRU reports the CQIs to a serving Node-B which selects a new cell based on the CQIs. Alternatively, a centralized access gateway (aGW) may select the new serving cell/Node-B, or the cell selection decision made by the serving Node-B may be forwarded to another Node-B via the centralized aGW.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and arrangements in a wireless communication system that enable a load balancing procedure in a network with HeNB GWs. The problem of the ineffective conventional load balancing procedure when used in a network with HeNB GWs, is addressed by a solution where the HeNB includes (510) an explicit indication of the reason for radio link establishment (load balancing establishment cause) in the S1AP INITIAL UE MESSAGE message (511) used to establish the S1 signaling connection associated with a user equipment to an MME, so that the HeNB GW (550) can perform an accurate MME selection based on the knowledge that the establishment is due to load balancing, i.e. an MME selection that realizes the required inter-MME load balancing.

Abstract: A method for voice call fallback to a circuit switched (CS) domain disclosed in the present invention includes: receiving a Service Request message from a calling user equipment (UE), where the Service Request message includes called number information of a voice call in a CS domain, instructing an evolved NodeB (eNB) to initiate circuit switched fallback (CSFB) handover; receiving a Handover Request message from the eNB, where the Handover Request message includes information required for CS handover, selecting a mobile switching center (MSC) and sending a packet switched (PS) to CS Handover Request message to the MSC, where the PS to CS Handover Request message carries information required for the CS handover and a called number so that the MSC calls a called UE. The corresponding apparatuses and systems are also disclosed. The technical solution of the present invention can reduce the connection delay.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for a method for allocating by a plurality of source base stations of a cellular wireless communication support infrastructure a temporary resource request identifier to a wireless communication device for accessing a target base station. The method includes identifying a list of temporary resource request identifiers associated with the target base station for use by one or more wireless communication devices, wherein the list includes a subset of one or more part time temporary resource request identifiers whose respective assignment to a corresponding grouping of one or more source base stations at a particular time is rotated between more than one of the plurality of corresponding groupings of one or more source base stations.

Abstract: A method for handoff between cells in a communication system includes the network sends a cell individual offset preset for a cell in the active set relative to each of its neighboring cells respectively to a terminal; after measuring the cell in the active set and its neighboring cells, the terminal evaluates the measurement in accordance with the measurement result and the cell individual offset for the cell in the active set relative to its each neighboring cell; the terminal then submits a measurement report to the network in accordance with the measurement evaluation result; the network instructs the terminal to perform a handoff between cells in accordance with the measurement report.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing a handover of network connections upon a mobile terminal moving from a first access network to a second access network. The method includes obtaining IP connectivity and a first IP address for the mobile terminal through the first access network. In response to the mobile terminal moving from the first access network to the second access network, the method further includes sending a request for a new IP connectivity and a second IP address over the second access network, the request indicating a need to handover the network connections from the first access network to the second access network.

Abstract: A network system includes: a plurality of base stations, each with which a mobile station communicates; a core network to include one or more gateways, each with which the plurality of base stations communicates; a plurality of offload devices, each arranged between the base station and the gateway, each to serve as the gateway of an anchor point at which traffic to be offloaded is transmitted to or received from an offload network, and each to serve as the gateway of a relay point at which the traffic to be offloaded is relayed between the anchor point and one of the plurality of base stations with which the mobile station is communicating; a control station to control the traffic between the mobile station and the gateway; and one or more interception devices, each to intercept the traffic between the control station and the gateway.

Abstract: The present invention relates to mobile communication technologies, and discloses a method and a device for handover between User Equipment (UE) in a process of sending a message to enable the after-handover UE receive messages accurately. The method includes: receiving a UE handover request sent by a before-handover UE, wherein the UE handover request carries an identifier of an after-handover UE and indication parameters for sending a message; and sending the message to the after-handover UE according to the identifier of the after-handover UE and the indication parameters for sending the message. The embodiments of the present invention are applied to handover between UEs in the process of sending a message.

Abstract: A system and method supporting extended network access notification via a broadband access gateway is disclosed. A representative embodiment of the present invention may comprise a wireless interface and may be capable of exchanging multimedia communication between the wireless interface and a broadband network. The gateway may support multimedia communication via access devices that may seamlessly hand off from a wireless wide area network to a personal area network supported by the wireless interface. The hand off may be coordinated by the gateway and the wireless wide area network via the broadband network. A user of an access device may be notified when such a handoff has been automatically initiated, and a user may configure aspects of such hand offs.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed whereby location based information (LBI) is used to make access and routing decisions within a network. Such LBI is sent from mobile devices to the core network when the mobile device registers with the network and is updated periodically. Over time, this collected LBI data represents the position of mobile devices over time and periodic patterns of usage in different geographic areas. When a network receives an indication that a mobile device requires registration with the network, the network determines as a function of said LBI, a desired network access technology to use to connect said mobile device with the network. Instructions are then transmitted to the mobile device to establish a connection using said desired network access technology and the device is registered with the network. Dynamically updated LBI information from mobile devices is also used for IP network routing optimization.

Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed that provide flow balancing for multiple radio access technologies in a communication network. A mechanism is provided that enables the handover of one or more data flows when a mobile device is attached to more than one access technology at the same time. The handover can be initiated by the network or the subscriber and can be based on rules and/or policies known at the time. The mechanism can be implemented in a gateway device that provides communication between the packet core and the access network. The mechanism can also be used in providing handovers between access technologies such as a femtocell access network and an LTE access network.

Abstract: A wireless communication network makes intelligent accept/reject decisions responsive to sector selection requests by mobile stations based on sharing per-sector loading information and per-sector mobile station received signal quality information. For example, the signal quality and sector loading information for each sector in a given mobile station's active set of sectors can be evaluated to determine whether the sector targeted by the mobile station for selection as its new serving sector for high-speed packet data service is the “best” sector for serving the mobile station. The network can identify the “best” serving sector based on one or more metrics. If the targeted sector is not the best one for serving the mobile station, the network sends a reject message, or it may send a redirect message pointing the mobile station to the best serving sector. The disclosed accept/reject processing advantageously applies to cdma2000 and W-CDMA networks, for example.

Abstract: In a Long Term Evolution (LTE) cellular radio system method of selecting a physical cell id (PCI) of a LTE cell is obtained by reporting PCIs of neighbors and also a parameter indicating each neighboring cell's relevance also termed visibility to the cell. A new cell added in a cellular radio, system can then make an improved selection of a PCI already at the very first neighbor relation establishment; even if all available PCIs are already used in the vicinity.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program product are therefore provided that may enable a network sending broadcast and/or dedicated priorities to a mobile terminal to also include priorities with respect to a RAT that does not support the priority algorithm. As such, for example, priority parameters for a legacy network that does not support the priority algorithm may be supplied to a mobile terminal to enable the mobile terminal to make cell reselection decisions without running two different cell reselection algorithms in parallel (e.g., a ranking based algorithm and a priority based algorithm). The provided method includes the steps of receiving an indication of a plurality candidate cells with respect to said cell reselection of a mobile terminal; assigning, toward each of said plurality of candidate cells, a priority, wherein at least one candidate cell of the plurality of candidate cells does not support priority based cell reselection; and providing said priorities to said mobile terminal.

Abstract: A wireless communication unit (302, 405, 505, 605) is capable of communicating with a plurality of communication networks in a cellular communication system, where the plurality of communication networks employ a respective plurality of radio access technologies. The wireless communication unit (302, 405, 505, 605) comprises a receiver for receiving a message from a network device in the cellular communication system; and signal processing logic, operably coupled to the receiver, for determining from the received message a hierarchical policy of network information that applies to the plurality of radio access technologies.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a neighbouring cell optimization method and a mobile communication system, which belong to the communication field. The method comprises: establishing an IUR connection between a first Radio Network Controller (RNC) and a second RNC; after the IUR connection is established successfully, the first RNC sending neighbouring cell information to the second RNC; and the second RNC performing automatic neighbouring cell optimization according to the neighbouring cell information. With the disclosure, the neighbouring cell information between two RNCs is updated in time, therefore the RNC is enabled to optimize the neighbouring cell in time, and a timely cell handover performed by User Equipment (UE) is ensured, which provides a basis for ensuring call continuity of the UE.

Abstract: A random access method, an evolved Node B (eNB), and a terminal equipment are provided. The method includes: determining target component carriers to which a User Equipment (UE) is to be handed over, and notifying the UE of information about the target component carriers through a source eNB; and after receiving a dedicated random access preamble sent by the UE, sending a random access response message on at least one component carrier in the target component carriers. The terminal equipment includes: a handover command receiving unit, a sending unit, and a random response receiving unit. Therefore, in a random access procedure of cell handover, the eNB is capable of determining downlink component carriers that a UE monitors, thereby increasing utilization rate of downlink resources.

Abstract: An approach is provided for interworking between radio access networks that utilize different radio access technologies. Loading information of a plurality of radio access networks that are accessible by a terminal is determined. A list of candidates from the radio access networks are output based on the loading information for use by the terminal.

Abstract: A system has a first base station for performing communication with a plurality of radio terminals, and a plurality of second base stations, the first base station estimating a moving direction of each of the radio terminals, determining one of the second base stations to which the each of the radio terminals is handed over on the basis of the estimated moving direction, obtaining priority information indicating a priority of the each of the radio terminals from the each of the radio terminals, and sending out identification information of the each of the radio terminals and the priority information of the each of the radio terminals to the determined second base station, the determined second base station performing handover of the radio terminals corresponding to the identification information received from the first base station on the basis of the received priority information and the received identification information.

Abstract: An arrangement and method for radio network relocation of a mobile terminal (114) from a first base station controller (122) to a second base station controller (122?) by anchoring at least some SGSN functions with respect to the first base station controller; and relocating at least some RNC functions from the first base station controller to the second base station controller. RNC (124), SGSN (132) and GGSN (134) components may be integrated together, and the RNC (124) may be parented by an SGSN. Alternatively, RANAP SGSN functionality may be split between SGSN and RNC, RANAP and user plane signals may be relayed by the first base station controller to the second base station controller, and the first base station controller may act as an anchor.

Abstract: A method of supporting a mid-call hand-off feature (22) is provided in a telecommunications network (40). The method includes: connecting a first call through a first switching facility (20) of the telecommunications network (40) such that a first party served by the first switching facility (20) and a second party are participating in the call; making a decision to invoke the mid-call hand-off feature (22); placing a second call from the first switching facility (20) to a designated telephone number; and, connecting the second party to the second call.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program product are provided for supplying information regarding a neighbor cell following cell reselection in a manner that reduces the signaling load on the network and conserves battery consumption by a mobile terminal. In this regard, the method, apparatus and computer program product do not blindly provide information regarding a neighbor cell that the current cell has already collected, but, instead, first determines if the neighbor information regarding a prior cell is different than and therefore will add to the information regarding neighbor cells that is already maintained by the current cell. Only after making such a determination may a mobile terminal signal the current cell as to the availability of neighbor information regarding a prior cell.

Abstract: The invention concerns a temporary radio base station, temporary RBS (140), which can gain and maintain control of the traffic to and from a targeted radio base station (120) in a wireless cellular telecommunications system (100), and a dedicated user terminal (530) for use the system. The dedicated user terminal (530) comprises an identification device being arranged to identify the temporary RBS (140) by use of unique information being at least embedded in a transmitted signal from the temporary RBS (140). The dedicated user terminal (530) is arranged to disregard the temporary RBS (140) when detected, and to choose the targeted RBS (120), or an RBS arranged to operate in a neighboring cell, in the same manner as if the temporary RBS (140) would not exist. The invention also relates to a method for the devices and a system comprising the devices.

Abstract: A communication system and a method for the same is disclosed. In the method a first type of communication services is provided for a station (1), wherein a first network entity (3) provides control operations for the provision of the communication service. A part of said control operations is then relayed from the first network entity (3) to a second network entity (4). Information is exchanged between the first and second network entities, said information associating with provision of a second type of communication services for the station. A communication service of said second type is provided for the station based on said information.

Abstract: A system, method, and computer readable medium for a softer handoff comprises receiving a Pilot Strength Measurement Message (PSMM) to request a handoff by a selector distribution unit (SDU), receiving a softer handoff request message by a channel element control (CEC), receiving a softer handoff request message by a radio call control (RCC), receiving a traffic channel assignment message by the CEC, and receiving an indication of an addition of a new sector for the softer handoff by the SDU.

Abstract: A call connection method and apparatus are disclosed. When a service is released in a portable terminal that supports different communication modes due to a network problem, the call connection method and apparatus reconnects the service to another network. The call connection method includes performing a first service through a first network, analyzing, when the connected first service is released, the cause of disconnection, acquiring, when the cause of disconnection is a problem in the first network, connection information, and attempting to connect a second service through a second network based on the connection information.

Abstract: In a wireless telecommunication system for transmitting a plurality of streams from a base transmission station comprising a plurality of antennas to a mobile station comprising a plurality of antennas, the base transmission station respectively transmits, by way of a plurality of the antennas, each stream obtained by dividing data to be transmitted. The mobile station respectively receives each stream by utilizing the plurality of antennas. A measurement unit respectively measures a reception quality or received power from each antenna relating to a stream. A changeover unit carries out a handover for each stream according to a measurement result by the measurement unit.

Abstract: A first communication device wirelessly coupled to a second communication device. The first communication device includes a first receiver, a message processor, and a first transmitter. The first receiver is configured to receive first signals corresponding to a first number of communication devices, where the second communication device is one of the communication devices, and is also configured to measure first strengths of the first signals. The message processor is configured to determine that a second number of the communication devices can be processed by the first communication device according to the first strengths measured. The first transmitter is configured to transmit one or more first messages to the second communication device indicating the second number.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a call processing system and method for mobile communication terminals. The call processing system for mobile communication terminals according to the present invention includes a gateway location register (130) for generating a Database (DB) for an international roaming service subscriber. A roaming control unit (120) registers a location of a mobile communication terminal (101), determines whether a call originates using a primary number or a secondary number in the international roaming service on a basis of originating service provider information and a called number, included in a call origination signal from the mobile communication terminal, and sends a signal corresponding to a result of the determination to a mobile switching center of a network in which the mobile communication terminal is located. The international roaming service assigns a primary number in a home network and assigns a secondary number in a partner network.

Abstract: The claimed subject matter provides for systems and methods that facilitate a transfer of a portion of a service-level policy agreement associated with a home wireless access network to a fixed internet protocol (IP) access network. An authentication component can authenticate a subscription of a multi-mode device across different network architectures. A policy component can provide at least a portion of a service-level policy agreement to enable or disable services or policies associated with a multi-mode device at the fixed IP access network on a per session basis.

Abstract: A system that selects an optimum codec flexibly adapting to a change in the communication environment and to switch to the optimum codec during communication. A communication control system includes a handover detection unit detecting a handover in which a communication terminal present in a communication area formed by a BTS moves from the communication area to a communication area formed by another BTS, an information acquisition unit acquiring, if the handover detection unit detects a handover, information based on the handover for use in codec switching, a codec selecting unit selecting a codec after switching based on the information acquired by the information acquisition unit, and a codec switching unit controlling such that the codec after switching that is selected by the codec selecting unit is applied to the communication currently performed.

Abstract: Techniques for performing handover in order to maintain call continuity for a user equipment (UE) are described. The UE may communicate with a first cell in a radio access network (RAN) for a packet-switched (PS) call, e.g., for Voice-over-Internet Protocol (VoIP) via High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) in W-CDMA. The UE may send measurement reports to the RAN and may receive trigger from the RAN. The UE may establish a circuit-switched (CS) call with the first cell while the PS call is pending at the first cell. The PS call and the CS call may be for a voice call, and the UE may switch data path for the voice call from the PS call to the CS call and then terminate the PS call. The UE may then perform handover of the CS call from the first cell to a second cell, which may not support VoIP.