Abstract: Techniques are provided which may be implemented using various methods and/or apparatuses in a mobile device to crowd source mobile terrestrial transceiver identifiers associated with mobile terrestrial transports. In an embodiment, transceiver identifiers associated with mobile terrestrial transports may be identified and tracked through the detection and measurement of signals transmitted by mobile terrestrial transceivers received either by mobile devices located on the mobile terrestrial transport or through the detection and measurement of transient signals transmitted by passing mobile terrestrial transceivers received by stationary or near stationary mobile devices. The identity of detected mobile terrestrial transceivers and their locations and time observed may be uploaded to a server.

Abstract: A communication system includes a communication apparatus and a communication terminal configured to wirelessly communicate with each other, wherein the communication terminal includes a first wireless communication interface configured to support a Bluetooth® standard and include a single antenna, and wherein the communication apparatus includes a second wireless communication interface configured to support the Bluetooth® standard and include a plurality of antennas, and includes one or more controllers configured to function as a unit configured to obtain angle information and field intensity information based on a result of reception of radio waves, by the plurality of antennas, transmitted from the single antenna; and a unit configured to transmit an establishment request for wireless communication based on the Bluetooth® standard to the first wireless communication interface via the second wireless communication interface based on a fact that the angle information and the field intensity information sat

Abstract: A UE includes: at least one sensor configured to provide at least one sensor measurement; and a processor configured to: determine first and second ranges between the UE and a positioning signal source based on first and second positioning signal measurements of first and second positioning signals from the positioning signal source corresponding to first and second times; determine whether a selected range of the first range or the second range is a multipath range based on the first range, the second range, and movement of the UE between the first time and the second time indicated by the at least one sensor measurement; and discount use of the selected range in a positioning technique in response to the selected range being determined to be a multipath range.

Abstract: A system and a method may be used for operating and/or calibrating a transmitter device. The system and method may include wirelessly transmitting a radio signal with identification data specific to the transmitter device and reference data. The transmitter device may transmit the radio signal with signal properties at least partially dependent on the reference data. A communication device may receive the radio signal and ascertain a distance between the transmitter device and the communication device using reception-side signal properties and the reference data ascertained from the received radio signal. A distance sensor may detect a distance between the transmitter device and the communication device. An evaluation unit may ascertain the reference data depending on the reception-side signal properties of the radio signal and the detected distance and to provide the ascertained reference data in the transmitter device for calibrating the transmitting device.

Abstract: A method, system, and program product for implementing automated feedback validation is provided. The method includes monitoring an Internet search associated with locating preferred user attributes associated with a specified geographical location. Results of the Internet search are analyzed and the preferred user attributes are verified for accuracy. Discrepancies between the preferred user attributes and attributes associated with the specified geographical location are determined and a resulting a confidence factor is applied to the preferred user attributes with respect to a level of accuracy of the preferred user attributes. A notification indicating a confidence rating applied to the preferred user attributes with respect to the level of accuracy is transmitted to the user.

Abstract: Occupancy sensing using ultra-wideband (UWB) keyless infrastructure is provided. Channel impulse response (CIR) measurements are received from a plurality of UWB transceiver nodes arranged about a plurality of locations. A classification model it utilized to predict occupancy of each of the plurality of locations based on CIR tensors formed from the CIR measurements for each of the UWB transceiver nodes.

Abstract: An on-chip electromagnetic (EM) pulse protection circuit detects EM pulse attacks, generates an alarm, and performs a defensive action to protect the integrated circuit. The EM pulse protection circuit can be used with various integrated circuits or manufactured chips in which, for example, there is a desire to keep information secure, maintain the security of the chip, secure boot processes, and/or protect private keys.

Abstract: The position of a mobile device is estimated using angle based positioning measurements. The angle based positioning measurements are generated using transmit (Tx) beams or receive (Rx) beams from one or more base stations that generate the beams over an ultra-wide bandwidth, which produces frequency and spatial distortions and impairments in an array gain response. The array gain distribution variation as a function of angle and frequency for the set of beam weights used in beamforming is conveyed to indicate the frequency and spatial distortions. The array gain distribution variation may be provided to the mobile device in assistance data for a sub-band that is only a portion of the allocated bandwidth for the base stations, or as an aggregation of the array gain distribution variation for a plurality of sub-bands of the allocated bandwidth to reduce the overhead in signaling.

Abstract: A memory is configured to store statistics indicative of historical vehicle use patterns. A processor is programmed to identify a next reboot time and top locations at which reboot is allowed according to the statistics, and upon transition to a keyoff state, reboot a vehicle controller responsive to confirmation that a current time has reached at least the next reboot time and that the vehicle is located at one of the top locations.

Abstract: A first mobile device is provided. The first mobile device includes at least one hardware processor and a first mobile device application, executed by the at least one hardware processor. The first mobile device application is configured to detect that the first mobile device is in physical contact with, or within a predetermined distance of, a second mobile device. The first mobile device is also configured to, in response to the detection, send a switch request to make a mobile phone line inactive for the first mobile device and active for the second mobile device.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) may retune from a first narrowband carrier to a second narrowband carrier. The UE may determine to retune in one or more symbols of either a first narrowband subframe or a second narrowband subframe based on the number of symbols for the UE to retune and a number of other factors. The other factors may include the start symbol of a downlink channel scheduled in the second narrowband subframe, the number of antenna ports configured for the UE, hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) identifier (ID), coding rate or effective coding rate, among others. The UE may determine to retune in the first narrowband subframe, the second narrowband subframe, or in both subframes in order to utilize reference signals transmitted to the UE and reception of all downlink messages scheduled for the UE.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for mapping the wireless network environment as observed from a computing device having at least one network interface for accessing said environment. The mapping method requires limited storage space and processing power, so that it may be executed on said computing devices without requiring further network services. Structured mapped data generated from gathered network discovery traces enables a plurality of location-based, mobility or network routing services.

Abstract: A radar sensing system for an autonomous driving vehicle (ADV) is disclosed. The system comprises a number of radar sensors operable to detect radio waves emitted from one or more objects in proximity of the ADV. Each of the radar sensors includes one or more antennas to receive the radio waves and to convert the radio waves into respective antenna output signals. The system further comprises a signal processor configured to determine a number of angles of arrival associated with the radio waves responsive to the antenna output signals, and to provide object location information based on the angles of arrival. The object location information includes a location of each of the one or more objects.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for assisting positioning or timing calculations. In one aspect the invention provides a method for assisting a determination of a position or a time, the method comprising: obtaining first phase information, the first phase information characterizing a first phase of a first wireless signal transmitted by a transmitter at a first frequency and received by a first receiver at a first location; and obtaining second phase information, the second phase information characterizing a second phase of a second wireless signal transmitted by the transmitter at a second, different frequency and received by a second receiver at a second, different location. The method further comprises comparing the first phase information with the second phase information to produce phase comparison information; and using the phase comparison information to assist in the determination of a position or a time.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method and a function entity for selecting a core network slice (NS), for serving a wireless communication device (WCD) 530 in a core network 500 comprising at least one a Management Function (MF) entity 530 serving the WCD 530 and at least one Repository Function (RF) entity (NRF1, NRF2) serving a plurality of core NSs (NSI #1, NSI #2) each comprising a plurality of Network Function (NF) entities the method being performed by a Slice Selection Function (SSF) entity 510 operative in the core network 500, the method comprising: obtaining 612, 616 NSI running status information indicating NSI miming status for each NS to be monitored; receiving 622 a NSI selection request comprising NSI selection information indicating at least one of NS (NSI #1, NSI #2) for serving the WCD and selecting 624, based on the NSI selection information and the NSI running status information, a selected NS (NSI #2) for serving the WCD.

Abstract: A system and method for determining a position or a movable device is disclosed. The present system utilizes a movable device equipped with a locator device that has an antenna array such that it may determine the angle of arrival of a plurality of incoming beacon signals. In certain embodiments, the movable device is also able to measure its distance travelled. By knowing its distance moved and the angle of arrival from each beacon, the locator device is able to calculate its position as well as the position of each beacon. This procedure may be executed at regular intervals so that the movable device accurately determines its position.

Abstract: Disclosed are a communication technique for merging, with IoT technology, a 5G communication system for supporting a data transmission rate higher than that of a 4G system, and a system therefor. The present disclosure can be applied to an intelligent service (for example, smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car or connected car, healthcare, digital education, retail, security and safety-related services, and the like) on the basis of a 5G communication technology and an IoT-related technology.

Abstract: A tracking device can provide a hashed identifier to a mobile device, for instance within an advertisement packet. The mobile device can query each of a plurality of entities with the hashed identifier to identify an entity associated with the hash key used to generate the hashed identifier. In some embodiments, the mobile device can query a centralized key server, which in turn can query the plurality of entities to identify the entity associated with the hash key. The mobile device can then receive a public key from the identified entity, can determine a location of the mobile device, and can encrypt the location with the public key. The mobile device can then provide the hashed identifier and the encrypted location to the identified entity, which can provide the encrypted location to an owner of the tracking device for decryption using a private key corresponding to the public key.

Abstract: A system, method and storage medium for providing an emergency vehicle (EV) alert includes a server receiving a first location of the EV, the server determining a first geofence based on the first location of the EV, the server transmitting the first geofence to a second device, the second device receiving the first geofence, the second device performing at least one alert action in response to determining that the another vehicle is located within the first geofence, the server receiving a second location of the EV at a second time, the server determining a geofence release zone based on the second location of the EV, the server transmitting the geofence release zone to the second device, the second device receiving the geofence release zone, and the second device stopping performing the at least one alert action in response to determining that the another vehicle is within the geofence release zone.

Abstract: Examples herein relate to a solid state drive that includes a media, a processing system, and a media command arbiter configured to permit execution of a specific allocation of storage and compute commands based on a configuration, wherein the media command arbiter is to transfer commands to the media based on the configuration. The media can be locally connected to a compute engine processing system that is configurable to perform computations on data stored in the media. The configuration can indicate a number of compute commands and storage commands that are permitted to be performed over a period of time or media bandwidth allocated to compute commands and storage commands. The processing system can include an inference engine that performs one or more of: data pattern recognition, image recognition, augmented reality overlay applications, face recognition, object recognition, or voice recognition, language translation.

Abstract: A distance-based score approximation having improved computational efficiency is provided. Responsive to receiving a score request, a computing entity identifies an observation point based on a location indicated in the score request and defines a set of annuli comprising a plurality of concentric annuli centered on the observation point and defined by a predetermined maximum radius. The computing entity queries a geographic database for map information corresponding to geometry elements located within the predetermined maximum radius of the observation point and determines an intersection of each geometry element with each annulus. The computing entity determines a contribution for each intersection based at least in part on a size of the intersection, a measure assigned to the corresponding geometry element, and a representative radius of the corresponding annulus.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing a service experience score at a merchant physical location include a system provider device that determines, through communication at least one of a plurality of beacon devices located at the merchant physical location and a user device, a start of a user service experience. The system provider device also determines, through the at least one of the plurality of beacon devices and the user device, an end of the user service experience. A service experience score that is based at least partly on the start of the user service experience and the end of the user service experience is generated. The service experience score is stored in a database in association with a merchant that is associated with the merchant physical location. Subsets of the service experience score may be associated with different locations of the merchant physical location.

Abstract: An apparatus, and method of operating the same, include a system for indoor positioning and localization. The apparatus includes a first beacon having a beacon optical detector to receive an optical signal, and a beacon microcontroller. The apparatus includes a zone-positioning unit (ZPU) having an optical source configured to transmit the optical signal, and a ZPU microcontroller. The beacon microcontroller is configured to identify and decode the optical signal after receipt by the beacon optical detector to determine data related to a position of the ZPU. The beacon microcontroller is further configured to wirelessly communicate with the ZPU microcontroller to convey information to the ZPU including the data related to a position of the ZPU and a known position of the first beacon. The ZPU microcontroller is configured to determine a position of the ZPU based on the information received from the first beacon.

Abstract: Localization systems and methods for transmitting timestampable localization signals from anchors according to one or more transmission schedules. The transmission schedules may be generated and updated to achieve desired positioning performance. For example, one or more anchors may transmit localization signals at a different rate than other anchors, the anchor transmission order can be changed, and the signals can partially overlap. In addition, different transmission parameters may be used to transmit two localization signals at the same time without interference. A self-localizing apparatus is able to receive the localization signals and determine its position. The self-localizing apparatus may have a configurable receiver that can select to receive one of multiple available localization signals. The self-localizing apparatuses may have a pair of receivers able to receive two localization signals at the same time.

Abstract: A method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus communicates with a second apparatus, including transmitting or receiving a first transmission. The apparatus receives information about the second UE from a sensor at the first UE and/or from a BSM. The apparatus determines whether the first apparatus and the second apparatus are in a LOS condition based on a correlation of the information with one or more of a channel estimation, PMI feedback, or RI feedback. The apparatus may adapt a transmission parameter for a second transmission based on a predicted location of the first apparatus or the second apparatus. The transmission parameter may include at least one of a modulation, a code rate, a DMRS density, a precoder, a CSI-RS transmission periodicity or a feedback rate.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for collaborative positioning of wireless nodes using pairwise range measurements and positioning technology type. The system includes a plurality of wireless nodes communicatively coupled to each other via a wireless network. The plurality of wireless nodes include a first wireless node that estimates a plurality of pairwise range estimates between the first wireless node and each neighboring wireless node of a set of neighboring wireless nodes. The first wireless node receives the current position estimate and the positioning technology type of each neighboring wireless node and assigns a weight value to each neighboring wireless node based on the positioning technology type. The first wireless node computes an initial position estimate for the first wireless node based on the assigned weight value, the current position estimate, and a pairwise range estimate and determines a final position estimate for the first wireless node.

Abstract: Embodiments are presented herein of apparatuses, systems, and methods for a user equipment device (UE), manufacturer server, and/or cellular network to perform radio capability signaling. A new type of UE radio capability identifier is provided which may allow a network to distinguish between similar UEs that have or have not implemented a capability update. In order to perform a forced capability update, a manufacturer may issue information about the update to a cellular network (and receive acknowledgement of the information) prior to pushing the update to UEs. In response to an unforced capability update, a cellular network may maintain multiple UE radio capability identifiers for similar UEs which have or have not implemented the update. A UE radio capability identifier may be adjusted dynamically in response to temporary changes in the UE's capability.

Abstract: Disclosed is a location-based service based on a user point of interest (POI). An electronic device comprises: a processor for generating a database related to a user POI; detecting the user request for information; and an output unit for outputting information based on the user POI database. The user POI can indicate at least one place extracted from the information inputted to the electronic device.

Abstract: An alarm apparatus includes a mobile terminal, a plurality of streetlamps, a server, and a management center. The mobile terminal includes a microprocessor, a display screen, a first GPS positioning module, a battery, an emergency call button, a first GPRS communication module, a first wireless communication module, a first camera, a loudspeaker, and a microphone. The streetlamp includes a central processor, a power supply, a second camera, a mobile device, a second GPS positioning module, a second wireless communication module, and a second GPRS communication module. The caller sends a distress signal to the streetlamp. The streetlamp is automatically illuminated and the direction of the camera is adjusted to the escape direction of the suspect. All streetlamps located on the escape route of the suspect are turned on to capture the escape route of the suspect. The streetlamp sends the information to the management center by means of the server.

Abstract: A reference monitor (RM) operates within a network having controllers that each control a corresponding network part having a forwarding element (FE) for forwarding data within the network. The RM enforces the security policy for a first network part managed by a first controller. The method includes: receiving a first rule request from the first controller, checking the first rule request for policy compliance, authorizing a part of the first rule request that is policy compliant, receiving a second rule request, the second rule request being from a second controller configured to control a second part of the network, the second rule request comprising an outside modification impacting the first network part, which is not managed by the second controller, checking the outside modification part for policy compliance, and based on determining that the outside modification part is policy compliant, authorizing the outside modification part of the second rule request.

Abstract: Examples of systems and methods for network proxy server for energy efficient video streaming on mobile devices are generally described herein. A proxy server to deliver video content may include a communication module to intercept a request for video content from a mobile device, the request for video content intended for a content server and forward a modified request for the video content to the content server. The communication module may receive the video content from the content server and transfer a portion of the video content to the mobile device using a multipath transport protocol.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an electronic device and a character recognition method thereof. The electronic device may include a housing, a touchscreen display exposed through a first portion of the housing, an image sensor exposed through a second portion of the housing, a wireless communication circuit located in the housing, a processor operatively coupled to the touchscreen display, the image sensor, and the wireless communication circuit, and a memory operatively coupled to the processor.

Abstract: The rise of the connected objects known as the “Internet of Things” (IoT) will rival past technological marvels. This application discloses a novel time of day (TOD) acquisition by a first Internet of Things (IoT) device from a second IoT device that possesses accurate time of day in a smart environment. The second IoT device obtains time of day from GPS receiver, 5G/6G IoT network, or WiFi IoT network using IEEE1588 PTP or unused subcarriers of 5G/6G/WiFi IoT network. Second IoT device regularly updates its time of day.

Abstract: A method of determining locations of access points in a venue, one or more electronic devices configured to receive radio signals from the access points, the method comprises: generating and storing, at a server in communication with the one or more electronic devices, a database comprising information received from the one or more electronic devices, the information comprising: values associated with a radio signal characteristic of the radio signals at locations of RF scan capture by the one or more electronic devices and access point identifiers representing access points corresponding to the values, the locations of RF scan capture being unknown at a time of RF scan capture; assigning correlation values to quantify similarity between the values for pairs of the access point identifiers; mapping the correlation values to correlation ranges based on known locations of at least two of the access points; determining the locations of the access points based on the correlation ranges and the known locations.

Abstract: Device and/or line event awareness and smart synchronization is described. In at least one example, a related device of a group of related devices may receive a communication notification representative of a communication event. Such communication notifications may enable event awareness for each of the devices in the group of related devices. In an example, the related device may compare data items (e.g., participants, timestamps, etc.) associated with the communication notification with data items associated with entries stored in a local data store. The entries may correspond to communication events associated with at least the related device. Based at least in part on comparing the data items, the related device may determine whether a new entry associated with the communication notification should be added to a local data store or the communication notification should be disregarded as a duplication.

Abstract: An information provision device transmits, by near field communication, fixed phrase information, of guidance information that guides a user, representative of a fixed phrase and insertion phrase information selected from among a plurality of pieces of insertion phrase information representative of different insertion phrases to be inserted in the fixed phrase, to a terminal device capable of presenting, to the user, presentation information corresponding to the guidance information where the insertion phrase represented by the insertion phrase information is inserted in the fixed phrase represented by the fixed phrase information.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and device for determining a security algorithm, and a computer storage medium. The method comprises: a first base station configures an RAN notification area for a terminal, wherein all base stations in the RAN notification area at least support a first security algorithm; the first base station configures the terminal for the first security algorithm.

Abstract: Various embodiments relate to an electronic device and an operation method of an electronic device, and the electronic device may include: a GNSS circuit module comprising GNSS circuitry configured to receive a signal for measuring a position of the electronic device; a first mmWave communication module comprising communication circuitry disposed adjacent to the GNSS circuit module and configured to perform a first cellular communication; and a processor, wherein the processor may be configured to receive, from the GNSS circuit module, a signal indicating a start of position measurement of the electronic device based on the first mmWave communication module being activated, to determine whether to deactivate the first mmWave communication module based on a characteristic of an application activated on the processor, and to control the first mmWave communication module based on the determination of whether to deactivate the first mmWave communication module.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for multi-antenna panel transmission power control are provided.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for obtaining and using multiple timing advance measurements for positioning purposes. A first timing advance measurement is obtained. The first timing advance measurement is indicative of a measurement based on one or more signals of a first serving cell. A second timing advance measurement is also obtained. The second timing advance measurement is indicative of a measurement based on one or more signals of a second serving cell. A location estimate is determined based at least partially on the first timing advance measurement and the second timing advance measurement.

Abstract: Extending the spatial coverage of a reference pressure network. Particular embodiments described herein include machines that initially determine that an estimated position of a mobile device resides outside a coverage area of a network of reference pressure sensors. Reference-level pressures corresponding to reference pressure sensors of the network are determined using measurements of pressure from the network of reference pressure sensors. A pressure pattern for a region that includes the estimated position and an area not included in the coverage area of the network is determined using reference-level pressures that were not determined using measurements of pressure from the network of reference pressure sensors. The reference-level pressures corresponding to reference pressure sensors of the network and the pressure pattern are used to determine a reference-level pressure value for use in calibrating a pressure sensor of the mobile device or for use in estimating an altitude of the mobile device.

Abstract: Safety geofence zones may be created and deployed for a ride sharing service. At least one set of safety geofence zones may be created which are associated with a ride sharing service. A zone type may be set for each set of safety geofence zones in the at least one set of safety geofence zones. At least one trigger condition may be set for the at least one set of safety geofence zones. The at least one set of safety geofence zones may be deployed.

Abstract: Systems, device and techniques are disclosed for controlling location-based features with usage maps. An application running on a device may receive a current location of the device. The application may determine a sector of a usage map that corresponds to the current location of the device. The usage map may be associated with the application and he usage map may include a map of a geographic area divided into sectors. The application may modify the operation of a remote API call of the application based on the sector of the usage map that corresponds to the current location of the device by disabling or rate-limiting the remote API call.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and processing nodes are configured to manage wireless devices in a wireless network, such as a network that employs MIMO techniques, by receiving a request from a new wireless device for access to a wireless network using a first communication protocol, the wireless network using at least two communication protocols simultaneously, determining that a number of wireless devices in the wireless network using the first communication protocol of the at least two communication protocols meets a threshold number of wireless device, and adjusting an operating parameter of a multi-element antenna for communicating signals between an access node and the wireless devices in the wireless network using the first communication protocol when it is determined that the number of wireless devices in the wireless network using the first communication protocol meets the threshold number of wireless devices.

Abstract: Embodiments herein disclose a method performed by a wireless device for managing positioning of the wireless device in the wireless communications network. The wireless device obtains, from a network node, assistance data or configuration data comprising two or more positioning reference signal, PRS, configurations associated with a radio network node or a service area of the radio network node. The wireless device further indicates, to the network node, a scope of usage of the two or more PRS configurations with an indication.

Abstract: Users of a client computer having non-conventional input devices interact with a host computing platform with the same user experience as if he or she was operating the client computer natively. This is achieved by having the non-conventional input devices of the client device appear local to the applications that are running on the host platform, even though the host computing platform may not be equipped with drivers for the non-conventional input devices.

Abstract: The present disclosure described herein relates to a system and method for distributing messages to an electronic device. The method comprises: analyzing data relating to the device to determine a correlation of data relating to a user of the device; selecting an advertisement from a set of advertisements based on the correlation of data; and transmitting the advertisement to the device. The correlation of data may be determined from analyzing movement data and at least one status indicator relating to the device.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure provide a device positioning method and apparatus. The apparatus includes processing circuitry. The processing circuitry is configured to determine at least one target user identifier (ID) that uses a target device to be positioned. The processing circuitry obtains a plurality of pieces of login information of the at least one target user ID where each piece of login information includes the respective target user ID, a device ID of a login device, and a login site. The processing circuitry further determines a target login site based on the plurality of pieces of login information, and positions the target device according to the target login site.

Abstract: In one implementation, a method includes: instantiating a first objective-effectuator (OE) associated with first attributes and a second OE associated with second attributes into a synthesized reality (SR) setting, wherein the first OE is encapsulated within the second OE; providing a first objective to the first OE based on the first and second attributes; providing a second objective to the second OE based on the second attributes, wherein the first and second objectives are associated with a time period between a first and second temporal points; generating a first set of actions for the first OE based on the first objective and a second set of actions for the second OE based on the second objective; and rendering for display the SR setting for the time period including the first set of actions performed by the first OE and the second set of actions performed by the second OE.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of generating data relating to a vertical structure (20) of a built environment comprising a plurality of floors (24, 26, 28), the method comprising: receiving altitude change data representing changes in altitude within the built environment of a plurality of mobile devices (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d) or from which changes in altitude of a plurality of mobile devices within a built environment comprising a plurality of floors can be determined; determining a parameter relating to an estimated storey height of the building from received said altitude change data; and processing received said altitude change data and the said parameter relating to the estimated storey height to thereby generate data relating to the vertical structure of the multi-storey building.