Abstract: A method of operating a wireless communication device comprises storing initial data in a first wireless channel table that associates a geographic identifier, a network availability signal, and a first wireless communication channel. New data is received that associates the geographic identifier, the network availability signal, and a second wireless communication channel. The initial data is compared to the new data to determine that the first wireless communication channel in the initial data changed to the second wireless communication channel associated in the new data. A conditional statement is generated that directs the wireless communication device to utilize the first wireless communication channel for the geographic identifier if a performance metric of the second wireless communication channel fails to meet a performance standard.

Abstract: An adaptive scheme controls the transmission of interference management messages by wireless nodes. For example, the adaptive scheme may be used to determine whether and/or how to transmit resource utilization messages. Such a determination may be based on, for example, comparison of a quality of service threshold with a current quality of service level associated with received data. A quality of service threshold may be adapted based on the effect of previously transmitted resource utilization messages. A quality of service threshold for a given wireless node may be adapted based on the frequency at which the wireless node transmits resource utilization messages. A quality of service threshold for a given wireless node may be adapted based on information received from another wireless node. An adaptation scheme also may depend on the type of traffic received by a given wireless node. A quality of service threshold also may be adapted based on throughput information.

Abstract: For uplink cooperation of a serving access node (100-1) one or more supporting access nodes (100-2) are selected. The selection is based on a characteristic of a link between a terminal (200) served by the serving access node (100-1) and the supporting access node (100-2), or is based on a characteristic of a link between a further terminal (200?) served by the supporting access node (100-2) and the serving access node (100-1). The characteristics of the links may comprise a signal quality, e.g. a path gain, a signal strength, or a latency. The characteristics of the links may also comprise scheduling information, e.g. time resources and/or frequency resources used on the link.

Abstract: A multicell access method using beamforming in a wireless communication system is provided. In the method for operating a terminal, an access procedure for accessing a first base station using a first antenna and accessing a second base station using a second antenna is performed. Communication with the first base station is performed using the first antenna. Communication with the second base station is performed using the second antenna.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of PLMN selection subsequent to a change in cell for a mobile radio communications device in a multi-network cellular environment, the method including the steps of monitoring system information within a mobile radio communications device to determine the availability of a HPLMN or any other higher priority PLMN than current registered PLMN, and selecting the said HPLMN or higher priority PLMN than current registered PLMN if identified as available, and also a related network-sharing-capable UE that, when registered with a visitor PLMN, can readily check the availability of its HPLMN or any other higher priority PLMN in the system information whenever it moves to a new location area and, assuming the HPLMN or higher priority PLMN to be found, can then reselect to that PLMN.

Abstract: A central registration system provides channel maps of available spectrum channels to radio devices. The channel map indicates relative noise floor amounts among the available channels. For this purpose, an amount of predicted interference caused by high-power protected transmitters on each channel available to the requesting radio device for wireless communications is determined, where interference from primary channel and out-of-band emissions of the transmitters is considered.

Abstract: In a User Equipment, frequency search is performed using the physical location (e.g. GPS position) and using information about the allocation of frequency bands and the radio access technologies used in these bands in different regions or countries. Hereby, frequency searching can be reduced to those bands and to the corresponding radio access technologies which are used in a current physical location. In order to ensure that UE is configured with the latest and most relevant regional frequency information, regional frequency information is transmitted to the UE over the air interface. In addition, information related to user's travel itinerary and user's travel history can be taken into account. By only frequency searching relevant frequency bands for the radio access technologies used in these bands battery power consumption can be reduced and frequency search speed can be improved.

Abstract: A management unit manages a plurality of multiservice communication devices capable of communicating via a plurality of networks. The management unit includes a device interface for facilitating a bidirectional data communication with the plurality of multiservice communication devices via a wireless control channel, the bidirectional data communication including outbound control data sent to at least one of the plurality of multiservice communication devices and inbound control data received from at least one of the plurality of multiservice communication devices via either a logical or physical control channel. A network interface receives network resource data from the plurality of networks. A management processing unit includes a local agent that gathers environmental data, wherein the management processing unit processes the inbound control data, the environmental data and the network resource data and that generates the outbound control data in response thereto.

Abstract: Embodiments are described herein for selective joinder, by a user equipment (“UE”), to a wireless cell of a plurality of wireless cells. In various embodiments, this may include transitioning, by the UE, from an idle mode to a connected mode, and contemporaneously with the transition of the UE from the idle mode to the connected mode, measuring, by the UE, signals of a first plurality of cells. In various embodiments, the UE may identify, from within the first plurality of cells, a second plurality of cells having measured signals that satisfy a channel condition criterion and frequency priorities that satisfy a priority criterion. In various embodiments, the UE may be configured to select and join a cell of the second plurality of cells, randomly or based on respective loads of the second plurality of cells.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for selecting resources for direct device to device communications in a cellular communication network. Preferably, resources for the direct device to device communications are selected to minimize, or at least substantially reduce, interference that results from the direct device to device communications in the cellular communication network. In one embodiment, a downlink resource of the cellular communication network is selected as a resource for a direct device to device communication link between a first wireless device and a second wireless device if at least one of the first and second wireless devices is less than a predefined threshold radio distance from a closest base station in the cellular communication network. Otherwise, an uplink resource of the cellular communication network is selected as a resource for the direct device to device communication link between the first and second wireless devices.

Abstract: Method, apparatus, and computer program product embodiments are disclosed to for efficient radio spectrum use, and more particularly to the resolution of resource allocation conflicts in RF white spaces. An example embodiment includes a method including calculating by a network controller, a resource allocation proposal for a wireless network; transmitting by the network controller, a message including the calculated resource allocation proposal, to one or more other network controllers; and implementing the resource allocation proposal, if the network controller does not receive other resource allocation proposals for the wireless network from the one or more other network controllers, in response to the transmitted message.

Abstract: A multimode communication integrated circuit comprising baseband processing circuitry with a shared radio interface. Various aspects of the present invention may comprise a processor module adapted to perform various processing (e.g., baseband processing) in support of multimode communications. A first radio module may be communicatively coupled to the processor module through a common communication interface. A second radio module may also be communicatively coupled to the processor module through the common communication interface. The common communication interface may, for example, be adapted to communicate information over a communication bus that is shared between the processor module and a plurality of radio modules (e.g., the first and second radio modules).

Abstract: A radio communication system (100) provides a radio air interface at a master node (102) for subscriber units associated with the master node. Among the subscriber units are several slave nodes (104, 106). The communication system has the ability to operate as a secondary user in unused spectrum portions of a frequency band otherwise reserved for primary operators. The master node accesses an authorization server (108) to obtain a list of unused channels in the region of the master node. Each slave node also contacts the authorization server to obtain a list of unused channels in the region where each respective slave node is located, via another network (118, 121). The unused channels common to the slave nodes and the master node are used to create a backup radio operating parameter list which is used by the master node if a fault occurs between the master node the authorization server.

Abstract: A wireless network component comprising: a processor configured to implement steps including: receiving a request to establish communications with a wireless terminal, generating a paging list comprising a plurality of cells using a location data for a wireless terminal, and paging the wireless terminal using the cells in the paging list is disclosed.

Abstract: Systems and methods according to the exemplary embodiments enable non-cognitive radio devices to operate as if they were cognitive radio devices. A pilot radio device analyzes a local radio environment and broadcasts a spectrum map message which indicates, for example, available radio resources in the local radio environment. A non-cognitive radio device receives the spectrum map message and uses the information in the spectrum map message to select a radio resource for its own transmissions and/or receptions.

Abstract: A search part sends out a connection request signal and receives a connection response signal. A radio strength acquiring part acquires radio strength of an available device that has sent the connection response signal. A connection determining part determines whether or not the radio strength has increased, then becomes greater than or equal to a threshold value and has been constant for a period of time longer than or equal to a predetermined period of time. If it is determined that the radio strength has increased, then becomes greater than or equal to the threshold value and has been constant for a period of time longer than or equal to the predetermined period of time, an inter-device authentication part performs inter-device authentication with the available device.

Abstract: The disclosed subject matter provides for selecting a radio access technology resource based on historical data related to the radio access technology resource. Location information can be employed to determine a radio access technology resource. Historical information related to the radio access technology resource can then be employed to determine the suitability of the radio access technology resource. A set of radio access technology resources can be ordered or ranked to allow selection of a suitable radio access technology resource from the set. Incorporation of historical information can provide for additional metrics in the selection of a radio access technology resource over simple contemporaneous radio access technology resource information. In some embodiments timed fingerprint location (TFL) information can be employed to determine a location.

Abstract: There is disclosed a system and method for improving wireless system capacity by reducing collisions where the Signal to Interference Ratio (SIR) is high in systems having a channel reuse of 1. By ordering the channel assignment in each of the interfering cells according to a pattern, for example, according to the distance from a base station (determined by power levels), the mobile stations will become paired on the same channel in a manner to reduce interference between them. In one embodiment, this intelligent assignment is accomplished by assigning mobile stations in one cell such that the mobile station having the strongest signal is assigned channel A while in the interfering cell the mobile station with the weakest signal is assigned to channel A. In another embodiment, certain preferred mobile stations are assigned either interference-free channels or channels paired with weak interference mobile stations.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining a location of a wireless device using radio waves and pressure measurements is disclosed. In one embodiment, a plurality of Radio Signal Strength (RSS) measurements are used to trilaterate an approximate location of the wireless device. The wireless device also takes pressure measurements that are compared with a second pressure measurement made by at least one other pressure sensor at a known elevation and in a local area near the wireless device. This comparison is used to generate an accurate estimate of the elevation of the wireless device. The accurate estimate of elevation may be combined with the RSS measurements to yield an accurate estimate of the location of the wireless device.

Abstract: An electronic device includes communications circuitry configured to communicate with an assistance server. The electronic device transmits a spectrum access request to the assistance server and receives, in response, an available channel list ranked by respective aggregate noise floor metric values from the assistance server. The aggregate noise floor metric value for each channel in the ranked channel list is determined by the server to account for a location of the electronic device, noise from radio frequency devices, and an adjacent channel blocking profile of the communications circuitry.

Abstract: A measurement reporting method reduces battery waste. A UE receives a list of GSM neighbor cells and measures the signal strength of each of the GSM cells in the list. The UE performs base station identity code (BSIC) confirm/reconfirm procedures only for the cells having a signal strength above a threshold.

Abstract: A system and method for determining the quality of service in wireless data network by a plurality of mobile devices is provided. In one embodiment, the method includes presenting to a user a plurality of reference content items, for each content item, receiving a reference content item rating indicative of a quality rating provided by the user, wirelessly transmitting a test content item to the mobile device, presenting the transmitted test content item to the user; receiving a test content item rating provided by the user, wherein at least some of the plurality of reference content items comprise content items of known and differing quality, normalizing the test content item rating based on the reference content rating received to provide a normalized test content item rating; and outputting a quality of service performance metric based on the normalized test content item rating.

Abstract: A method and a device for detection in cell random access are provided. The method includes: extending an original format used for a random access procedure to change a CP range defined by the original format; in the process of extracting a time-domain signal of a random access channel, extracting and splitting input data into time-domain antenna data in the original format and time-domain antenna data in an enhanced format, and performing signal extraction processing on the time-domain antenna data in the original format and the time-domain antenna data in the enhanced format respectively; and in the process of detection, detecting the time-domain antenna data in the original format and the time-domain antenna data in the enhanced format after the signal extraction processing to obtain detection information. The method can improve the performance of a BS and reduce the network construction costs without affecting an MS.

Abstract: A communication network applying an interference alignment scheme with a low or reduced complexity is provided. The communication network may include a plurality of transmit nodes and a plurality of receive nodes. A plurality of combinations of transmit-receive pairs may exist between the plurality of transmit nodes and the plurality of receive nodes. A communication apparatus for the communication network may select, from candidate combinations of transmit-receive pairs, a target combination to be applied with the interference alignment scheme. In particular, the communication apparatus may sequentially decrease a number of candidate combinations to select the target combination with a low complexity.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a node of a wireless communication system has a traffic load determiner, a cooperation capacity determiner and a power control unit. The traffic load determiner determines a traffic load in the wireless communication system and the cooperation capacity determiner determines an available cooperation capacity of the node with another node of the wireless communication system. Further, the power control unit activates or deactivates an antenna of a node based on the determined traffic load and the determined available capacity.

Abstract: A control unit (102) in a radio base station (1A) receives from a radio terminal (2A) a measured W-CQI corresponding to a local sector, and also acquires the utilization ratio of a PDCCH corresponding to the sector. Also, in addition to receiving a measured W-CQI corresponding to the local sector, the control unit (102) in the radio base station (1A) acquires from other radio base stations (1B and 1C) utilization ratios of PDCCHs and PDSCHs corresponding to other sectors. Additionally, the control unit (102) in the radio base station (1A) estimates the PDCCH quality (SINR) corresponding to the local sector on the basis of a SINR obtained from the measured W-CQIs and also on the basis of the utilization ratios of PDCCHs and PDSCHs corresponding to other sectors.

Abstract: A method of allocating a wireless communication resource to a device-to-device (D2D) pair of wireless devices may include determining an access-point interference threshold of an access point of a wireless communication network. The method may further include determining a device-to-device (D2D) signal power of a D2D signal at the access point. The D2D signal may be associated with D2D communications between a D2D pair of wireless devices. The method may also include assigning a wireless communication resource to the D2D pair based on a comparison of the access-point interference threshold with an access-point interference value where the access-point interference value is based on the determined D2D signal power at the access point.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses to select a transmit antenna in a mobile wireless device connected to a wireless network are described. The mobile wireless device monitors received signal characteristics through first and second antennas and switches antennas based on the monitored signal characteristics and on an assessment of the sufficiency of available transmit power headroom to accommodate data transmissions in the uplink direction. Sufficiency is determined based on one or more criteria including achievable data rate throughput, quality of service, grade of service, an amount of data buffered, an amount of resources allocated by the wireless network and a number of “power up” commands received by the mobile wireless device during a pre-determined time interval.

Abstract: Network node for a distributed cooperative multi-antenna communication, including at least two sending and receiving units, wherein the network node is adapted to receive an indication of a protocol descriptor from a mobile communication device and wherein the network node is communicatively couplable with at least one further network node. Furthermore, the network node may be adapted to provide and/or receive an indication of a protocol descriptor and/or a channel access method to/from the at least one further network node.

Abstract: The present invention presents a method and a controller for selecting the type of connection used to connect a terminal device to a serving base station. The connection type is selected on the basis of monitored communication-environmental parameters of the terminal device. The selection is made between a direct cellular radio connection and a relayed cellular radio connection. The relayed connection is established through another terminal device acting as a relay terminal for the connection being relayed. A direct device-to-device link between the two terminal devices is established as a cognitive radio connection, and a radio access technology and communication parameters of the device-to-device link may be negotiated between the terminal devices. The relay terminal then links the device-to-device link to a direct cellular radio connection between the relay terminal and the serving base station.

Abstract: Techniques are provided to improve the performance of wireless devices that serve wireless client devices in a wireless network in the presence of narrowband interference. The wireless device that serves wireless client devices in the wireless network receives energy in a plurality of channels of a frequency band. The received energy is analyzed for occurrence and type of interference in each channel. A quality metric is generated for each channel incorporating the occurrence and type of interference detected in the channel. For each channel, a bias value against selection of the channel is assigned based on whether narrowband interference is present in the channel. The bias value for each channel is applied to the quality metric for the channel to produce an adjusted quality metric for each channel. A channel is selected based on the adjusted quality metric for each of the plurality of channels.

Abstract: A user equipment (UE) is disclosed. The UE includes a processor configured to transmit a rank indicator (RI) using one of an assigned periodic RI reporting resource that precisely aligns with the start on an on-duration of a discontinuous reception (DRX) operation mode of the UE and a first assigned periodic RI reporting resource after the start of the on-duration.

Abstract: Channel estimation is performed in a wireless network through cell/antenna pair ranking and iterative soft cancellation of pilot signals. Cell classification and ordering may be ranked and grouped for purposes of improving performance by dedicating hardware resources to higher priority received signals. A metric may be computed to rank the pairs. One such metric is reference signal (RS) power. Pairs may also be grouped into groups of pairs. Groups may be ordered by time-frequency resource and designated as serving-cell groups or non-serving cell groups. Higher priority pairs may be assigned a higher number of iterations. Higher priority groups may be processed first. Pairs which fall below a certain power threshold may be assigned no iterations. Iterations are distributed among hardware blocks to improve processing efficiency. Iteration numbers and hardware assignments may be modified to reach a desired complexity constraint.

Abstract: A radio base station transmits data symbols to a mobile terminal on multiple frequency carriers, e.g., in accordance with the MC-WCDMA or cmda2000 3x air interface protocols. The radio base station instructs the mobile terminal to report channel quality measurements obtained by the terminal for the multiple carriers over the same uplink channel during successive reporting intervals. According to one embodiment, the mobile terminal reports channel quality by receiving data symbols transmitted on a plurality of frequency carriers in a multi-carrier CDMA environment and measuring channel quality for the different frequency carriers. The mobile terminal reports individual ones of the channel quality measurements over the same uplink channel during successive reporting intervals.

Abstract: The present invention refers to generating of cooperation areas in a communications network, wherein each cooperation area is defined by at least two base stations of said communications network, which are cooperating when communicating with mobile nodes in said communications network. In particular, a number of sets of possible interferers is transmitted to at least one mobile node by a base station, wherein with each set of possible interferers an index value associated to said set of possible interferers is transmitted. Then, said mobile node selects a set of possible interferers from said number of sets of possible interferers and transmits a selected index value to said base station, said selected index value being an index value associated to said selected set of possible interferers. Hereupon, a cooperation area for said mobile node is defined by said base station by use of said selected index value.

Abstract: Various embodiments are described relating to resource management techniques for wireless networks. For example, a resource deficiency may be determined for a requesting wireless node in a wireless network. A resource request may be sent from the requesting node to one or more other wireless nodes, and a resource reply including a resource status may be received from one or more of the other wireless nodes in response to the resource request. One of the other nodes from which to obtain a resource may be selected based on the resource status for the selected node, and a resource update message may be sent from the requesting wireless node to the selected wireless node to facilitate a reallocation of resources from the selected node to the requesting node, the resource update message indicating an amount of resources to be reallocated from the selected node to the requesting node.

Abstract: A transmitter beamforming technique for use in a MIMO wireless communication system determines a calibration factor and then applies the calibration factor to a transmit beamforming steering matrix developed using implicit beamforming. The beamforming technique first determines descriptions of both the forward and reverse channels, determines an estimate of the forward channel from the description of the reverse channel, determines right singular matrixes which model the forward channel and the estimated forward channel and then develops a calibration factor from the determined right singular matrixes. The beamforming technique then applies the determined calibration factor to a steering matrix which is calculated using an implicit beamforming technique.

Abstract: In a network that contains both new devices capable of using wide channels and legacy devices that can only use narrow channels, the network controller may define which devices are to use which narrow channels for concurrently transmitting uplink acknowledgements. Further, the network controller may schedule the devices to respond in groups based on the received signal strength of their transmissions at the network controller.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting and determining the location of a coverage hole in a communications network such as a cellular communication system wherein the location is determined from operational parameters and/or by network elements themselves. Additionally is a method to reduce a hole by adjusting antennae parameters preferably remotely and automatically and this can be done in conjunction with hole location to optimise the system.

Abstract: Systems and methods for decreasing the amount of information sent on a feedback channel are disclosed. Spectral binning and/or a Markov state model may be used to reduce the amount of information sent on the feedback channel.

Abstract: A radio base station for performing radio communication by allocating a different radio resource to each of a plurality of radio terminals has a measurement unit for measuring a path loss on the radio resource, a difference information obtaining unit for obtaining difference information Ph between maximum transmit power and current transmit power, a communication type information obtaining unit for obtaining communication type information indicative of a communication type of each of the radio terminals, and a control unit for classifying the radio resources into at least two radio resource groups based on the path loss on each of the radio resources, and for controlling to allocate a radio resource in a corresponding radio resource group to each of the radio terminals based on the difference information and the communication type information obtained. Thereby, the transmit power of a plurality of radio terminals is suitably controlled and a stable radio link is maintained.

Abstract: Provided is a communication device mounted in a vehicle or disposed at the roadside, which can adaptively and efficiently manage positional information relating to directly communicable surrounding in-vehicle communication devices and surrounding roadside communication devices and can stably transmit information to a specified communication destination even when the positional relationship between vehicles frequently changes.

Abstract: Techniques to calibrate downlink and uplink channels to account for differences in the frequency responses of transmit and receive chains are described. In one embodiment, pilots are transmitted on downlink and uplink channels and used to derive estimates of the downlink and uplink channel responses, respectively. Sets of correction factors are then determined based on estimates of downlink and uplink channel responses. A calibrated downlink channel is formed using a first set of correction factors for the downlink channel, and a calibrated uplink channel is formed using a second set of correction factors for the uplink channel. The first and second sets of correction factors may be determined using a matrix-ratio computation or a minimum mean square error computation. The calibration may be performed in real-time based on over-the-air transmission. Other aspects, embodiments, and features are also claimed and described.

Abstract: The present invention is a method and system for supporting a beamforming antenna system in a mobile broadband communication network with an improved beam pattern, beam sweep pattern, pilot channel design with feedback and reporting rules, and control signaling design. Specifically, the improved beam pattern includes a method of supporting wireless communications in a wireless network forming at least two spatial beams within a cell segment where the at least two spatial beams are associated with different power levels, and separately, where at least two spatial beams can be moved across the cell segment according to a unique sweep pattern. The pilot channel design improves network bandwidth performance and improve user mobility tracking. Feedback and reporting rules can be established using a particular field designator, CQI, in the preferred embodiment.

Abstract: In the communications system of the present invention, a communications terminal determines a precoding matrix index in a pilot signal received through a specific downlink channel, examines channel quality information of the downlink channel according to the determined precoding matrix index, and transmits feedback information to a serving base station, which determines a priority factor by using the examined channel quality information, and compares the priority factor with other priority factors. The comparison is used such that a base station having a high priority suggests the use of the precoding matrix to the neighboring base station.

Abstract: A method of assigning channels (each having a center frequency from a frequency set) to a set of sound sources for a live entertainment event performance, said sound sources having a hierarchy of importance to entertainment event success. First, the frequencies are ranked in terms of susceptibility to interference from intermodulation products created by the frequency set. Then, high importance sound sources are assigned the most reliable channels—that is, those having a center frequency that has a relatively low susceptibility to interference from intermodulation products.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for automatic generation of a location-indicative instruction displayable to one or more users in a communication system which includes a wireless network comprising a plurality of user devices adapted for communication with at least one access point device. A test of a communication link between at least one of the user devices and the access point device is initiated. Based at least in part on a result of the test, an instruction displayable to a user associated with a given one of the user devices is generated, the instruction being indicative of a location at which the given user device is expected to obtain a particular level of data throughput performance.

Abstract: According to aspects of the invention, a radio signal that constitutes a secondary use is provided with a predefined identifier (11) that identifies the radio signal as a secondary use. The identifier (11) can be any suitable signal characteristic that somehow can be detected by a suitable radio receiver. The identifier (11) enables identification of an origin of the radio signal. That is, whether it originates from a primary user or a secondary user. It therefore becomes possible to give all secondary users a more equal status, facilitating resource sharing. A transmitter is provided with an identifier inserter (25) for providing the identifier (11) in a transmitted radio signal. In a corresponding manner, a receiver is provided with identifier detector (29) for detecting a presence of the identifier in a received signal.

Abstract: The mobile station device has: a first step of selecting a plurality of base station devices meeting a predetermined handover condition, based on reception levels of a plurality of signals transmitted from the plurality of base station devices; and a second step of reselecting, if the plurality of base station devices selected in the first step include a plurality of base station devices for specific subscribers, a base station device to be accessed from among the plurality of base station devices for specific subscribers, by using a predetermined correlation between frequencies and priorities. Accordingly, the number of frequencies can be reduced, and the ping-pong phenomenon can be suppressed.

Abstract: A variable bandwidth OFDM receiver and methods for receiving OFDM signals of different bandwidths are generally disclosed herein. The variable bandwidth OFDM receiver may be configured to receive signals over wider bandwidths by processing a resource block of subcarriers comprising a greater number of subcarriers, and receive signals over narrower bandwidths by processing a resource block of subcarriers comprising a lesser number of subcarriers. The resource blocks have a number of OFDM symbols in a time dimension to define a time slot, and each wherein the resource block comprises a minimum number of subcarriers for a narrowest bandwidth for a predetermined minimum bandwidth reception and a predetermined maximum number of subcarriers for a maximum bandwidth reception. In some embodiments, the variable bandwidth receiver may operate in accordance with an 3GPP LTE E-UTRAN standard.