Abstract: A communication technique for synchronizing a set of radio nodes is described. In this communication technique, the radio node arbitrates (e.g., using a precision time protocol or PTP) with the other radio nodes based on a selection technique to select a synchronization master in the set of radio nodes. This synchronization master may be selected to have a predefined performance based on a type of communication environment of the set of radio nodes. For example, the type of communication environment may include overlap between at least one of the radio nodes in the set of radio nodes and a macrocell in a cellular-telephone network, or may exclude overlap between the set of radio nodes and the macrocell. Moreover, the synchronization master may specify time, frequency, and phase synchronization for the set of radio nodes. Thus, when the synchronization master is different from the radio node, the radio node synchronizes with the synchronization master.

Abstract: A device for obtaining physiological information of a medical patient and wirelessly transmitting the obtained physiological information to a wireless receiver.

Abstract: A method of performing device-to-device (D2D) communication by a first device includes obtaining at least one measurement value corresponding to a relative velocity between the first device and a second device; adjusting at least one transmission parameter based on the at least one measurement value; providing the adjusted at least one transmission parameter to the second device; and transmitting data to the second device based on the adjusted at least one transmission parameter.

Abstract: In various embodiments, crowd sourcing techniques are provided to enable RTT-based positioning of UE. To address issues of discovering which beacons (e.g., Wi-Fi APs, cellular base stations, BLE transmitters, etc.) support measurement of RTT (e.g., according to IEEE 802.11mc, 3GPP Release 16, etc.), beacon RTT capabilities may be crowd-sourced from UE and maintained by a cloud-based location platform in a beacon database (or more specifically, a RTT database portion thereof). To address the issue of determining physical antenna positions, RTT measurements may be crowd-sourced from UE for those beacons that are RTT capable, and used by a trilateration algorithm (e.g., a WLS multilateration algorithm) to determine physical antenna positions, which also may be maintained in the beacon database. Accuracy of the trilateration may be enhanced by obtaining raw GNSS measurements (e.g., pseudoranges) from the UE, and performing a cloud-based RTK GNSS position fix for the UE.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for improving satellite broadcasting services by enhancing set-top box (STB) signal reception during weather conditions that obstruct the transmission of RF signals from one or more satellites to a receiving antenna (e.g., a dish antenna) are described. To prevent loss of satellite broadcasting services, an enhanced STB signal system may be arranged between the receiving antenna and an STB in order to provide an enhanced signal to the STB in the event that the RF signals received by the receiving antenna are not able to be decoded. The enhanced STB signal system may transmit an enhanced signal to the STB instead of a signal that was only derived from the receiving antenna. The enhanced signal may comprise a combination of signals that derive from other receiving antennas different from the receiving antenna, as well as the signal derived from the receiving antenna.

Abstract: The present invention relates to selection of synchronization source among various synchronization sources which include sources determining the synchronization signal from the network such as base stations (network nodes) or user equipments which receive the synchronization signal possibly over other hops from the base station, and which further includes sources which do not determine their synchronization signal from the network. The selection of the synchronization source is performed by choosing the source with the most reliable synchronization signal based on a metric calculated for each of the sources considered. In particular, the metric is based on the type of the source, number of hops between the network and the source and/or received signal quality. After selecting the source, the timing of the device is adapted accordingly.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods, apparatuses and computer program products for enforcing a rule related to traffic routing. A method implemented at a terminal device comprises receiving a rule related to traffic routing for traffic and enforcement information for the rule; and controlling enforcement of the rule based on the enforcement information. The enforcement information indicates whether a modification to a PDU session associated with the traffic due to the enforcement of the rule is allowed.

Abstract: Example implementations include a method, apparatus, and computer-readable medium comprising executing a diagnostic tool locally at a control panel; and providing, by the diagnostic tool, via a display of the control panel, information related to a signal strength of a connection between the control panel and at least one device configured to communicate with the control panel over the connection.

Abstract: Systems and methods configured for supporting multi-hop communications are described. Embodiments provide unavailable packet signaling by a base station aiding a multi-hop communication link. For example, the base station may transmit a predetermined “unavailable” message (e.g., an explicit and affirmatively transmitted message having predetermined content and/or format transmitted according to the schedule of the failed message) when an uplink data transmission in a multi-hop communication link fails or is otherwise currently unavailable. The unavailable packet signaling may be provided in association with a semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) and control channel scheduled retransmission technique, such as for supporting Internet of things (IoT), such as industrial Internet of things (IIoT), traffic. Other aspects and features are also claimed and described.

Abstract: A messaging method includes causing a mobile device to be registered in a database by storing identification information associated with the mobile device in the database and storing network connectivity information indicative of whether the mobile device is connected to a wireless network in the database. The method also includes facilitating a message to be communicated to the mobile device from a messaging device remote from the mobile device by causing the identification information and the network connectivity information to be communicated to the messaging device.

Abstract: A method for optimizing target content on a search results webpage includes receiving source code defining the webpage from a search engine server. The method further includes processing the source code to identify a target source code block in the source code, the target source code block defining, at least partially, the target content. The method further includes processing the target source code block to determine a relative metric for the target content with respect to a layout of the search results webpage. Thereafter, the relative metric may be utilized to optimize advertising expenditures in order to improve a relative position of the target content.

Abstract: Aspects described herein relate to determining how to use pre-allocated uplink resources indicated as part of a handover procedure.

Abstract: Techniques described herein leverage multi-constellation, multi-frequency (MCMF) functionality to provide a local Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) solution for a mobile device in which an initial highly-accurate location determination for the mobile device can be leveraged to generate RTK correction information that can be used to make subsequent, highly-accurate location determinations without the need for measurement information from an RTK base station. This RTK correction information can be applied to Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements taken by the mobile device over a long period of time while retaining the ability to produce highly-accurate location determinations for the mobile device. And additional correction information may be obtained and applied to the RTK correction information to extend this period of time even longer.

Abstract: In a wireless information collecting method executed by at least one user terminal device that measures wireless information used in a site survey and a server device that stores the wireless information and performs the site survey, the user terminal device performs a step of periodically measuring a current position and transmitting positioning information indicating the current position to the server device, and a step of measuring the wireless information in accordance with a wireless information measurement number instructed by the server device and transmitting wireless information including a position and time to the server device.

Abstract: A method for operating an access node includes receiving motion information from a user equipment (UE) in accordance with a communications beam, determining a predicted area of the UE in accordance with the motion information, configuring multiple tracking beams in accordance with the predicted area of the UE, and sending the multiple tracking beams.

Abstract: A signal multiplexing apparatus and method using layered division multiplexing are disclosed. A signal multiplexing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a combiner configured to generate a multiplexed signal by combining a core layer signal and an enhanced layer signal at different power levels; a power normalizer configured to reduce the power of the multiplexed signal to a power level corresponding to the core layer signal; a time interleaver configured to generate a time-interleaved signal by performing interleaving that is applied to both the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal; and a frame builder configured to generate a broadcast signal frame using the time-interleaved signal and L1 signaling information.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described herein for facilitating access to a telecommunications network by a third-party device via one or more available subscriber devices. The network-based systems enable devices associated with subscribers of the telecommunications networks to establish connections with other mobile devices (e.g., third-party mobile devices of users that are not subscribers) over peer to peer (P2P) communication protocols. For example, a subscriber device can, over a P2P connection, act as a Hotspot, Wi-Fi tether, or bridge for a third-party or other device requesting access to the networks.

Abstract: A method of operating a distributed MIMO system is disclosed. The distributed MIMO system is configured to serve a plurality of wireless communication devices (u1, . . . , uN). The distributed MIMO system comprises a number of access points (A1, . . . , AK), each comprising a time circuit (180) configured to keep track of a local time of the access point (A1, . . . , AK). The method comprises performing (210) an intra-group synchronization procedure for a group (G1) of at least three access points (A1-A3). The intra-group synchronization procedure comprises, for each access point (Ai) in the group (G1), transmitting (Ti), from that access point (Ai), a synchronization signal and obtaining (Oi) a transmission time indicator indicating a transmission time of that synchronization signal in the local time of that access point (Ai).

Abstract: In an aspect, a user equipment (UE) may control one or more reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) in accordance with one or more RIS schedules that indicate times when the one or more RIS are in an enabled state and times when the one or more RIS are in a disabled state. The UE may request at least one participating UE of one or more participating UEs to transmit at least one positioning reference signal (PRS) in a PRS resource. The UE may measure the at least one PRS from the at least one participating UE in accordance with the RIS schedule to make one or more measurements of the at least one PRS when the one or more RIS are in the disabled state and to make one or more measurements of the at least one PRS when the one or more RIS are in the enabled state.

Abstract: Accordingly, embodiments herein disclose a method for handling a closed access group (CAG) related procedure in a wireless communication system. A network may receive a radio resource control (RRC) resume request message from a user equipment (UE). The network may determine whether the at least one CAG identifier (ID) broadcasted in a CAG cell is included in an allowed CAG list of the UE (100) in response to the RRC resume request message. The network may proceed with a RRC resume procedure in response to determining that the at least one CAG ID is included in the allowed CAG list.

Abstract: A user apparatus, for use in a radio communication system including a base station forming a cell, configured to receive a discovery signal of device-to-device communication, including: an information reception unit configured to receive, from a base station of a residing cell, a resource range in which a discovery signal can be transmitted in a neighbor cell; and a discovery signal reception unit configured to receive a discovery signal at a time position that is synchronized with the neighbor cell in response to receiving a synchronization signal that is synchronized with the neighbor cell within the resource range received by the information reception unit.

Abstract: A review and retry mechanism ensures a port channel can be configured to provide and maintain a minimum data speed. A timer-based review sequence reviews the constituent interfaces of a port channel to determine if a minimum speed requirement is met. If the minimum speed cannot be fulfilled, the port-channel member interfaces are un-programmed and removed from the port-channel, rendering the port-channel functionally inactive, thereby preventing network traffic loss. A timer-based retry sequence attempts to program the constituent interfaces. The minimum speed requirement of the interfaces is checked in the next review cycle. If the minimum speed requirement is met, then the review and retry mechanism halts and the port channel continues to remain active; otherwise, the interfaces are un-programmed and the process repeats.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to system and method for identifying at least one sensor on at least one user equipment [200] connected to a wireless network, comprising the a mobile management entity (MME) [101] transmitting an initial context setup request for at least one user equipment [200] to a network entity [300] of the wireless network. Next, the network entity [300] transmits a capability enquiry to the at least one user equipment [200] based on the initial context setup request received from the MME [101]. The network entity [300] receives a capability information from the at least one user equipment [200] in response to the capability enquiry, wherein the capability information comprises of sensor capability information of the at least one user equipment [200]. Thereafter, the network entity [300] transmits the capability information of the at least one user equipment [200] to the MME [101].

Abstract: An apparatus and method for broadcast signal frame using layered division multiplexing are disclosed. An apparatus for generating broadcast signal frame according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a combiner configured to generate a multiplexed signal by combining a core layer signal and an enhanced layer signal at different power levels; a power normalizer configured to reduce the power of the multiplexed signal to a power level corresponding to the core layer signal; a time interleaver configured to generate a time-interleaved signal by performing interleaving that is applied to both the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal; and a frame builder configured to generate a broadcast signal frame including a preamble for signaling time interleaver information shared by the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal, using the time-interleaved signal.

Abstract: A method for use in a scalable New Radio (NR) cell system comprises, at a gNB: configuring a physical transmission and reception point (TRP) in a New Radio (NR) cell as a high power gNB's distribution unit (DU) operating on a first component carrier (CC) layer; configuring the remaining physical TRPs in the NR cell as low power gNB's DUs operating on one or multiple second CC layers; further configuring the carrier bandwidths on the first CC layer and second CC layers to comprise multiple bandwidth parts (BWPs); via high layer signaling, configuring one or more advanced UEs in services or requesting services with a set of indexed BWPs and a configurable “initial BWP” for active BWP switching operation; and via high layer signaling, configuring one or more advanced UEs in services or requesting services with two or more sets of indexed BWPs for active BWPs aggregation operation.

Abstract: A method is described synchronization in a communication system which comprises a master anchor device, a first anchor device, and a second anchor device. The method comprises: i) transmitting, by the master anchor device, a first message to the first anchor device and to the second anchor device using a first ultra-wide band (UWB) communication, wherein the first message is indicative of a master clock of the master anchor device receiving, by the first anchor device, the first message, and synchronizing a first clock of the first anchor device based on the master clock, and iii) receiving, by the second anchor device, the first message, and synchronizing a second clock of the second anchor device based on the master clock. Furthermore, a communication system and a use of UWB communication is described.

Abstract: In various embodiments, crowd sourcing techniques are provided to enable RTT-based positioning of UE. To address issues of discovering which beacons (e.g., Wi-Fi APs, cellular base stations, BLE transmitters, etc.) support measurement of RTT (e.g., according to IEEE 802.11mc, 3GPP Release 16, etc.), beacon RTT capabilities may be crowd-sourced from UE and maintained by a cloud-based location platform in a beacon database (or more specifically, a RTT database portion thereof). To address the issue of determining physical antenna positions, RTT measurements may be crowd-sourced from UE for those beacons that are RTT capable, and used by a trilateration algorithm (e.g., a WLS multilateration algorithm) to determine physical antenna positions, which also may be maintained in the beacon database. Accuracy of the trilateration may be enhanced by obtaining raw GNSS measurements (e.g., psuedoranges) from the UE, and performing a cloud-based RTK GNSS position fix for the UE.

Abstract: A notifying device predicts the position of a vehicle, on a road through which the vehicle is predicted to pass, after a lapse of the time taken for the driver to fall into an abnormal state. When the predicted position of the vehicle is included in a communication impossible area, the notifying device notifies, at the position of a point where an indication that the driver is going to fall into the abnormal state is detected, a call center terminal that the indication that the driver is going to fall into the abnormal state is detected from the driver.

Abstract: Techniques for coordinated application of wireless network selection and traffic routing rules are described. In one embodiment, for example, user equipment (UE) may comprise at least on radio frequency (RF) transceiver, at least one RF antenna, and logic at least a portion of which is in hardware, the logic to process a received radio resource control (RRC) message comprising radio access network (RAN) assistance information, evaluate a threshold condition of an access network discovery and selection function (ANDSF) management object (MO) routing policy based on an access threshold comprised in the RAN assistance information and a corresponding measurement, and apply the ANDSF MO routing policy to route internet protocol (IP) traffic based on the evaluation of the threshold condition. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: A system includes a repeater and a data processor. The repeater is for relaying data between a base station and a handset. The repeater is configured to receive data from a plurality of cells in a network and relay at least a portion of the received data to a handset on a first channel. The data processor is coupled to the repeater. The data processor is configured to extract, from the received data, network information characterizing different channels in a network being utilized by neighbor cells. The data processor is configured to determine, from a set of supported channels that the repeater is capable of utilizing for relaying data and using the extracted network information, a set of monitor channels. The repeater is configured to monitor a channel characteristic of channels contained in the set of monitor channels. Related apparatus, systems, techniques and articles are also described.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide an information transmission method, a network element selector, and a controller. The information transmission method provided in the embodiments of this application includes: receiving, by an NES from an external network element, a first message including identification information of UE; determining, based on the identification information of the UE, a user group to which the UE belongs; determining a controller corresponding to the user group; and then sending the first message to the controller.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method of enabling wireless access network selection at a multiplicity of wireless client devices.

Abstract: Techniques for automated network adjustment are provided. A first data rate currently supported by a first access point is determined, and a second data rate is identified to be evaluated. A first sensor device of a plurality of sensor devices is identified, where a signal strength between the first sensor device and the first access point exceeds a predefined threshold. A first packet error rate is determined for communications between the first sensor device and the first access point using the first data rate, and a second packet error rate is determined for communications between the first sensor device and the first access point using the second data rate. Upon determining that the second packet error rate is lower than the first packet error rate, the first access point is automatically reconfigured to use the second data rate.

Abstract: Communication between VMs running in a clustered virtualization environment and a distributed storage system is managed. The distributed storage system consists of multiple storage/compute nodes. A hypervisor communicates with a controller in a local node on behalf of a VM. The controller will redirect a connection to a second controller on different node. The controller to which the connection is redirected is selected so as to distribute the load evenly across the cluster.

Abstract: A wireless communications system operating in a coverage area of a wireless network includes a radiofrequency (RF) front end and a base station coupled to the RF front end, the base station receiving signals data from received transmissions from wireless devices; and a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having encoded thereon a program of machine instructions executable by a processor in signal communication with the base station. The processor executes the instructions to receive from the base station, the received signals data, process the received signals data to determine a characteristic of the wireless device, determine, based on the characteristic, whether the wireless device is allowed to continue transmissions in the wireless network, controlling the base station to lock the wireless device to the base station when continued transmissions are not allowed, and redirecting the wireless device to attempt access to the wireless network when continued transmissions are allowed.

Abstract: A resource obtaining method, apparatus, and system, wherein the method includes: when a first edge node receives a first resource obtaining request sent by a second edge node, and a first target resource is not locally cached, the first edge node may determine, using shared popularity information of the first target resource, whether the first target resource needs to be cached. The shared popularity information of the first target resource is determined by a quantity of obtaining requests for the first target resource that are received by the first edge node from the first edge node and another edge node. Therefore, it is determined, using the shared popularity information, whether the first target resource needs to be cached.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for obtaining a location using Neighbor Awareness Networking, NAN, and a corresponding system as well as a method carried out by a NAN device and a corresponding NAN device so that a location can be obtained in a simple way. In particular, the method for obtaining a location using neighbor awareness networking, NAN, comprises requesting the location of a target NAN device; determining a cluster of wireless NAN devices comprising the target NAN device as well as one or more anchor NAN devices having predetermined locations to serve as positioning nodes; performing range measurements using the travel times of radio signals between the target NAN device and each of the one or more anchor NAN devices; and obtaining the location of the target NAN device based on the range measurements.

Abstract: Methods and devices adapted to receive a data in order to trigger a small cell search, including receiving a data from a network, wherein the data comprises at least one of: a small cell station location list comprising one or more small cell station locations, or a macro cell list comprising one or more macro cells, wherein the one or more macro cells have at least one small cell within their coverage; and triggering the small cell search at the device in response to at least one of the following: when the device is in proximity to a small cell station location listed in the small cell station location list, or when the device is within coverage of a macro cell listed in the macro cell list. These methods and devices may be configured to provide a mobile device with a method to search for and select a closed subscriber (CSG) cell for the first time.

Abstract: A system and method are provided to efficiently provide coverage within a large scale of a building by identifying user equipment (UE) on a floor by floor basis using a distributed antenna system (DAS) and pseudo timing advance values (TA) assigned to each floor. By applying different pseudo delays on a plurality of distributed antenna basis located at each floor, a base station can know a floor at which a user equipment is located through a timing advance value of the user equipment. When a traffic amount increases based on the measured traffic amount of each floor, the base station may increase a carrier and adjust an amplifier output on a floor by floor basis, thereby efficiently using power and maintaining a user's quality of experience (QoE).

Abstract: There are provided a base station, a terminal, and a communication system in a wireless communication system in which a base station and a terminal communicate with each other, in which the base station and the terminal can efficiently perform communication. The communication system includes a higher layer processing unit 605 configured to configure, at the base station, for each terminal, a first reference signal configuration for configuring a measurement target for channel state reporting, configured to configure, at the base station, for each terminal, a second reference signal configuration specifying a resource element to be excluded from the target of data demodulation in a case where the terminal demodulates data, and configured to configure, at the base station, for each terminal, a third reference signal configuration for configuring a measurement target for which a reference signal received power is to be measured by the terminal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing a terminal trace in a wireless communication system is disclosed. A control method for a femto base station according to an embodiment of the present invention may comprise the steps of: after a terminal is handed over to the femto base station, receiving terminal trace activation information from a serving base station; and transmitting a message including the received terminal trace activation information to a femto gateway (HeNB gateway) so as to allow the femto gateway to trace the terminal.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may determine, based at least in part on a set of channel state information reference signals (CSI-RSs), a plurality of hypotheses associated with a plurality of transmission/reception points (TRPs), wherein the UE is configured to receive non-coherent transmissions across the plurality of TRPs according to at least one of a transparent transmit diversity scheme, a non-transparent transmit diversity scheme, or a closed-loop block diagonal precoder scheme, and wherein a coherent precoder is configured within each of the plurality of TRPs. In some aspects, the UE may determine, based at least in part on the plurality of hypotheses, channel state information (CSI) feedback associated with the plurality of TRPs. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Abstract: Techniques for channel selection and related operations in a shared spectrum environment are disclosed. In one example, a channel selector or the like may be used to select one of a number of available channels as an operating channel based on a comparison of cost functions for each of the available channels, with the cost functions being based on separate utility and penalty metrics. In another example, a channel scanner or the like may be used to trigger a channel scan in response to a channel quality metric indicating poor service for a threshold number or proportion of access terminals. In another example, an operating mode controller may be used to trigger a Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) mode on an operating channel in response to a utilization metric being above a threshold. The TDM mode may cycle operation between activated and deactivated periods in accordance with a TDM communication pattern.

Abstract: The present embodiments disclose a communication method and apparatus, and pertain to the field of communication technologies. The method includes receiving, by a first base station, a second base station identity sent by a first mobility management entity MME, and establishing a transmission channel between the first base station and a second base station corresponding to the second base station identity. The method also includes receiving, by the first base station, data that a first terminal sends to a second terminal and sending, by the first base station, the data to the second base station over the transmission channel, so that the second base station sends the data to the second terminal.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for obtaining additional supported bands of neighbor cell(s) are provided. One method includes reading, by a user equipment, a frequency band list broadcast by at least one neighbor cell, and reporting the frequency band list to a cell serving the user equipment.

Abstract: A UE may receive, via a first communication link that uses a first radio access technology (RAT), information that identifies a threshold associated with a second communication link that uses a second RAT. The UE may monitor one or more communications on the second communication link. The UE may determine whether a parameter associated with the second communication link satisfies the threshold based at least in part on monitoring the one or more communications on the second communication link. The UE may provide a message via the first communication link when the parameter associated with the second communication link satisfies the threshold.

Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed that can help to select an enhancement mode for uplink coordinated multipoint (CoMP). An exemplary method involves: 9a) determining, from a plurality of possible communication types, a communication type of a communication associated with a first user equipment (UE), wherein the first UE is capable of uplink CoMP communication via an access network; (b) based at least in part on the determined communication type, selecting either a battery-saving mode or a throughput-enhancement mode as an uplink CoMP enhancement mode for the first UE; and (c) providing uplink CoMP service to the first UE according to the selected mode.

Abstract: There is provided a communication relay device including at least one memory, and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory, respectively, and the at least one processor configured to relay messages exchanged between a first wireless-base-station and a first wireless-network-side-device, or between a second wireless-base-station and a second wireless-network-side-device, acquire, from the messages, first and second statistic-information related to call processing between first and second wireless-base-stations and first and second wireless-network-side-devices, respectively, determine, in accordance with a number of first and second terminal-devices coupled to the first and second wireless-base-stations, respectively, included in first second statistic-information, respectively, an order of establishment of first and second communication sessions between the first and second wireless-base-stations and the first and second wireless-network-side-devices, respectively, and establish, when switchi

Abstract: Methods for dynamically optimizing platform resource allocation of a logically-partitioned data processing system. Processor and memory resources are allocated to logical partitions of the data processing system. After allocating the processor and memory resources to the plurality of logical partitions, local and non-local memory accesses are monitored for the logical partitions. Based at least in part on the local and non-local memory accesses, a determination is made whether to reallocate the processor and memory resources of the logical partitions. Responsive to determining to reallocate the processor and memory resources, the processor and memory resources are dynamically reallocated to the logical partitions of the data processing system.

Abstract: A communication system utilizing reconfigurable antenna systems is described where beam steering and null forming techniques are incorporated to limit the region or volume available for communication with client devices. The communication system described restricts communication to defined or desired area and degrades signal strength coverage outside of a prescribed region. An algorithm is used to control the antenna system to monitor and control antenna system performance across the service area. This antenna system technique is applicable for use in communication systems such as a Local Area Network (LAN), cellular communication network, and Machine to Machine (M2M).