Abstract: A wear resistant composite member such as a fuser roll or a pressure roll and a fuser system using the same. The fuser roll and/or the pressure roll comprises a core, a first layer, an optional second layer, and a surface layer wherein at least the first layer or optional second layer comprises a fluorocarbon polymer having ceramic-based particles substantially homogeneously distributed throughout the polymer and protruding from the surface of the polymer layer.

Abstract: A conducting member is disposed in contact with an electrophotographic photosensitive member to which a voltage is to be applied and includes a support and a coating layer formed on the support. The coating layer contains a conducting agent having been subjected to surface treatment and the surface of the conducting member has a coefficient of static friction of 1.0 or lower.

Abstract: A elastomer-covered roller (10) is provided with an improved bond coating for bonding the elastomeric cover (14) to the core (11). At least one layer of material (15) is thermally sprayed on the core to form a rough surface having a roughness from 400 microinches Ra to 2000 microinches Ra or greater. In a further improvement a denser, less porous layer (17) may be applied next to the core to protect the core from corrosion, followed by a less dense layer (19) applied to the first layer and having a similarly rough surface (20) for good mechanical bonding.

Abstract: A paper-making machine includes a traveling substrate and a roll carrying the substrate. The roll includes a carbon fiber shell, a ceramic layer over the shell, and a polytetrafluoroethylene layer over the ceramic layer. The polytetrafluoroethylene layer defines an outer surface of the roll. The ceramic layer intermittently extends through the polytetrafluoroethylene layer to the outer surface of the roll.

Abstract: Disclosed is a semiconductive rubber roller used as a developing roller in a photocopying printer machine exhibiting excellent performance and outstanding durability. The rubber roller is an integral body comprising (a) a shaft of a metallic material, (b) a base rubber layer on and around the shaft formed from a semiconductive silicone rubber having a specified volume resistivity and (c) a cladding layer having a specified thickness on and around the base rubber layer formed from a synthetic resin composition compounded with a specified amount of particles of a dielectric material, such as silica, having a dielectric constant of 2.0 to 8.0 and a specified average particle diameter.

Abstract: A product and process for forming an internally heated roller configuration for use in an electrostatographic machine that employs a fuser roller and a pressure roller. One of the rollers is a conformable roller having a rigid cylindrical core member centered on an axis of rotation, a compliant base cushion layer formed on the core member; a stiffening layer in intimate contact with and surrounding the base cushion layer; and an internal heating mechanism, while the other roller is a hard roller.

Abstract: A method for making a developer roll sleeve in which a core substrate roll is spray coated with a conductive composition including a host resin composition and a wear-resistance imparting additive. Preferably, the host resin composition includes a phenolic thermosetting resin and a conductivity additive such as a carbon black, graphite and the like. Further, the wear resistance imparting additive is preferably selected from the group consisting of a polytetrafluoroethylene resin (e.g., Teflon), graphite, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene having a molecular weight from about 3,000 to about 4,500 grams, molybedenum disulfide, silicone and mixtures thereof. The wear resistance imparting additive is preferably provided in an amount sufficient to obtain a thickness wear rate of less than about 0.00047 percent per printing cycle.

Abstract: Roll for the smoothing paper webs and process for producing roll. The roll includes a hard core, and an elastic covering layer arranged on an outside of the hard core. The covering layer includes a radially outer functional layer and a radially inner connecting layer arranged to couple the functional layer to the hard core. The inner connecting layer and the outer functional layer each include a soft matrix material with embedded fibers. The matrix material of the functional layer includes an elastic material with a damping factor of tan &dgr; less than about 0.02 and the matrix material of the connecting layer includes a damping material with a damping factor of tan &dgr; greater than about 0.05. The process includes forming an outer functional layer with an elastic matrix material having a damping factor of tan &dgr; less than about 0.02 and embedded fibers, forming an inner connecting layer with a damping matrix material having a damping factor of tan &dgr; greater than about 0.

Abstract: The bone-hard supercalender roll of the present invention comprises: an elongate shaft having a longitudinal axis; a core layer formed of fibrous material circumferentially covering the shaft; means for compressing the core layer along the shaft longitudinal axis; an intermediate layer circumferentially covering the core layer that comprises a first polymeric resin and a heavy textile material; and an outer layer circumferentially covering the intermediate layer that comprises a second polymeric resin and a reinforcing material. In this configuration, the roll can provide the requisite bone-hard surface for calendering applications, but can do so without the surface denting and marring problems associated with filled rolls and the expense of rolls formed of covered metal cores.

Abstract: Roll and process of manufacturing roll for the smoothing of paper webs, which has a hard roll core including in particular metal. The roll core is provided at its outside with an elastic covering layer which includes an elastic matrix material and fibers embedded into the matrix material. The diameter of the fibers is less than about 800 nm so that the surface of the elastic covering layer has an extremely high smoothness, in particular an Ra value of less than around about 0.6 mm. The thickness of the elastic covering layer amounts to between about 3 and about 20 mm. In addition to the fibers, powdery fillers are embedded in the matrix material whose outer dimensions are each less than about 1 &mgr;m at least in one direction.

Abstract: A roller for office automation equipment which does not suffer from impairment of a cross-linking reaction or occurrence of a delay therein, is excellent in permanent set resistance and low-temperature bleedability, and permits achievement of a low hardness.

Abstract: There is disclosed a rubber composition comprising (A) butadiene rubber and/or (B) isoprene rubber in the form of liquid and (C) silicone rubber at a {(A)+(B)}/(C) ratio by weight in the range of 97/3 to 5/95. The composition is capable of affording an elastic member which has a low hardness and excellent wear resistance, and which is well suited for use in a variety of part items that are installed in an image formation apparatus such as an electrophotographic apparatus and an electrostatic recording apparatus, including copying machinery, printers, facsimile apparatus and the like, in particular a developing roller. There are also disclosed a developing roller which comprises the above rubber composition, is improved in wear resistance for a developer without causing high hardness thereof, and is capable of affording a steadily favorable image without fail for a long period of time; and further a developing apparatus which comprises the above developing roller.

Abstract: A conductive roll for an electrophotographic apparatus, which eliminates deposition unevenness onto the roll surface, inhibits occurrence of non-uniform roll resistance value, and gives a satisfactory image free from density unevenness. The surface of the conductive roll is corona-treated by arranging the conductive roll oppositely to, and in parallel with a discharging electrode, and impressing a voltage onto the electrode while rotating the conductive roll. With the conductive roll subjected to a corona treatment of the roll surface, deposition unevenness onto the roll surface is eliminated, a uniform roll resistance value is maintained throughout the entire surface even after use for a long period of time, thus permitting maintenance of stable properties.

Abstract: A paper-making machine includes a traveling substrate and a roll carrying the substrate. The roll includes a carbon fiber shell, a ceramic layer over the shell, and a polytetrafluoroethylene layer over the ceramic layer. The polytetrafluoroethylene layer defines an outer surface of the roll. The ceramic layer intermittently extends through the polytetrafluoroethylene layer to the outer surface of the roll.

Abstract: A process for producing a resilient roll having a hard roll core (e.g., of metal) and a resilient covering layer. In forming the covering layer, a radially inner connecting layer is applied to the roll core and a radially outer functional layer is applied to the connecting layer. In addition, in forming the connecting layer, a fiber bundle comprising a large number of fibers is wound onto the roll core, the winding direction of the fibers running essentially parallel to one another and at an angle to the circumferential direction of the roll core. A number of layers are wound one above another, with the angular position (i.e., orientation), as defined by the winding direction with respect to the longitudinal axis of the roll, of fiber bundles in respectively successive fiber layers being different. A roll according to the present invention comprises fiber layers each including a plurality of fibers wound at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the roll core and running essentially parallel to one another.

Abstract: A roller comprising a roller core and a roller covering being composed of an elastomer or elastic plastic material is characterized in that the elastomer or elastic plastic material of the roller covering cadditionally comprises fluorinated polyolefin. Preferably, from 0.2 to 25% by weight of a fluorocarbon plastic, in particular of polytetrafluoroethylene powder or fiber, is incorporated into the roller coating material to improve the ink-repellent properties of the roller covering. In one embodiment, the fluorinated polyolefin is employed in the form of a fibrous material, e.g. a web or the like, provided with the coating material and wrapped around the roller to form a surface layer.

Abstract: The industrial roll of the present invention comprises a substantially cylindrical core, an adhesive layer overlying the core, and a cover overlying the adhesive layer. The cover comprises: a polymeric base layer overlying the adhesive layer; and a top stock layer overlying the base layer. The top stock layer comprises a mixture of an elastomeric material and ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), with the mixture including 100 parts elastomeric material by weight and between about 25 and 50 parts UHMWPE by weight. With these components in the recited ratios, the roll can be formulated to a desired hardness within the desired 10 to 50 P&J hardness range while maintaining release properties suitable for papermaking in the papermaking environment.

Abstract: A heat-fixing silicone rubber roller comprising a roller shaft, a silicone rubber layer provided on the outer periphery of the roller shaft, and at least one of a fluorine resin layer and a fluorine rubber layer, provided on the outer periphery of the silicone rubber layer. The silicone rubber layer comprises a cured product of a silicone rubber composition containing at least (A) an organopolysiloxane with an average molecular weight of from 30,000 to 100,000, having in one molecule at least two alkenyl groups bonded to silicon atoms; (B) an organohydrogenpolysiloxane having in one molecule at least two hydrogen atoms bonded to silicon atoms; the hydrogen atoms bonded to silicon atoms being in the weight that is from 0.1 to 3.0 equivalent weight per one alkenyl group in the component (A); and (C) a platinum group metal catalyst. The heat-fixing silicone rubber roller has a coating layer of fluorine resin and/or fluorine rubber excellent in interlaminar adhesion and durability.

Abstract: A semiconductive rubber roller used in a printer of a photocopying machine, which is an elongated integral body consisting of a shaft of a metal, a semiconductive foamed rubber layer on and around the shaft and a semiconductive solid, i.e. non-foamed, silicone rubber layer on and around the foamed rubber layer. Unexpected improvements can be obtained in the performance and durability of the roller when the silicone rubber forming the solid silicone rubber layer contains low molecular weight organopolysiloxane molecules having a degree of polymerization not exceeding 20 in an amount not exceeding 1.0% by weight and by providing the surface of the semiconductive solid silicone rubber layer with a covering layer which may be a coating layer of a resinous coating composition or a skin layer having a modified nature by a chemical or physical treatment such as ultraviolet irradiation.

Abstract: A fixing-unit roller has a fixing roller and/or a pressure roller in which a composite material of an organopolysiloxane and a fluoroelastomer containing no fluorine resin or containing a fluorine resin is used as an elastic material of at least the outermost layer. The composite material has an island-in-sea structure wherein the organopolysiloxane stands as a sea phase and the fluoroelastomer containing no fluorine resin or containing a fluorine resin stands as an island phase. The particles of the island phase have a size ranging from 1 &mgr;m to 10 &mgr;m. The fixing-unit roller has superior toner releasability and superior scratch resistance and wear resistance.

Abstract: A process for producing a resilient roll having a hard roll core (such as a metal) and a resilient covering layer. In forming the covering layer, a radially inner connecting layer is applied to the roll core and a radially outer functional layer is applied to the connecting layer. In addition, in forming the connecting layer and/or the functional layer, glass fibers and carbon fibers are wound simultaneously onto the roll core, the mixture ratio of glass fibers to carbon fibers being between about 60/40 and 90/10. A roll has an inner connecting layer and an outer functional layer comprising a mixture of glass fibers and carbon fibers, which are embedded in a matrix material and are distributed uniformly over the length of the roll. The mixture ratio of glass fibers to carbon fibers is between about 60/40 and about 90/10.

Abstract: A material for coating an imaging member comprising: a crosslinked poly(dialkylsiloxane), zirconium silicate and optional T-resin.

Abstract: A transfer roller is used in an electrophotographic printer. The transfer roller rotates in contact with a rotating photoconductive drum with a print medium travelling therebetween. The transfer roller has a metal shaft around which a rubber roller is formed. The rubber roller is sponge-like and electrically semiconductive. The rubber roller is covered with a resin tube which has a lower layer formed on the rubber roller and an upper layer formed on the lower layer. One of the upper and lower layers has a higher sealing effect than the other of the upper and lower layers, and the other of the upper and lower layers has a higher stability of electrical resistance than the one of the upper and lower layer.

Abstract: A developer roll sleeve and method for making the same is disclosed. In a preferred embodiment, a core substrate roll is spray coated with a conductive composition comprising a host resin composition and a wear-resistance imparting additive. Preferably, the host resin composition comprises a phenolic thermosetting resin and a conductivity additive such as carbon black, graphite and the like. Further, the wear resistance imparting additive is preferably selected from the group consisting of a polytetrafluoroethylene resin (e.g., Teflon), graphite, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene having a molecular weight from about 3,000 to about 4,500 grams, molybdenum, molybdenum disulfide, silicone and mixtures thereof. The wear resistance imparting additive is preferably provided in an amount sufficient to obtain a thickness wear rate of less than about 0.00047 percent per printing cycle.

Abstract: A development roller for developing a latent electrostatic image to a visible toner image with toner, including a surface layer which contains a guanamine-skeleton-containing compound.

Abstract: A conductive roll sequentially has a conductive layer of an elastic material, a resistance adjusting layer, and a protective layer which are formed on an outer periphery of a shaft. The resistance adjusting layer is formed from a composition containing 10 to 150 parts by weight of an electron conductive agent, not more than two parts by weight of an ion conductive agent and 20 to 80 parts by weight of an insulating filler, relative to 100 parts by weight of nitrile rubber, or nitrile rubber hydride as a base material. The roll has a properly controlled environment dependence of its electric resistance, and avoids any trouble, such as enlarged picture defects, when employed in an electrophotographic process.

Abstract: Heat rolls and fuser belts utilized in the fusing step of the electrophotographic process are disclosed. These belts and rollers eliminate toner offset while still maintaining excellent release characteristics of the printed page from the fuser. The heat rolls comprise a core member having coated thereon a plurality of concentric layers, wherein at least one of said layers (preferably the top layer) does not contain electrically conductive materials and wherein the roll exhibits electrical breakdown at about 250 volts or less. The fuser belts comprise a heat resistant resin substrate (such as a polyimide belt) carrying thereon a plurality of layers coating the outer surface of said belt, wherein at least one of said layers (preferably the top layer) does not contain electrically conductive materials and wherein the belt exhibits electrical breakdown at about 250 volts or less.

Abstract: Disclosed is a conductive rubber roller, comprising a core metal shaft, an ionic conductive layer formed to surround the outer circumferential surface of the core metal shaft and consisting of a high molecular weight elastomer containing an ionic conducting agent or a foamed body of such a high molecular weight elastomer, an electron conductive layer formed to surround the outer circumferential surface of the ionic conductive layer and consisting of a high molecular weight cellular elastomer containing an electron conducting agent or a high molecular weight cellular elastomer containing an electron conducting agent, a toner contamination preventing layer formed to surround the outer circumferential surface of the electron conductive layer, and an insulating annular sealing member mounted to each of both edges of the ionic conductive layer and the electron conductive layer both extending in the longitudinal direction of the metal core wherein a relationship R1>R2>R3, where R1, R2 and R3 denote, respectiv

Abstract: A guide roller for web material, in particular for paper-handling machinery, has two outer tube sections (2, 2′) and optionally at least one tube section (1) arranged between these. The tube sections (1; 2; 2′) are supported on a central shaft (3) through ball bearings (5; 6; 7), and the outer tube sections (2; 2′) are adjustable radially relative to the shaft (3) at their outer ends. The ends (1a; 2a) of the tube sections (1, 2) that are adjacent to each other fit into each other and are connected directly to each other so as to non-rotatable, the ball bearing (5) being situated beneath the area of overlap (1a, 2a) and the outer tube sections (2; 2′) being configured elastically in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A developing roller has a core bar, an electrically conductive layer formed on the circumferential surface of the core bar, and a covering layer formed on the circumferential surface of the conductive layer. The covering layer includes a reaction product produced by subjecting a reaction mixture containing a polyol, an isocyanate compound and a both-terminal reactive silicone oil to a reaction condition for them, and has a dynamic friction coefficient against paper of 0.9 or more and less than 1.2.

Abstract: A silicone rubber composition comprising 100 parts by weight of a thermosetting organopolysiloxane composition and 0.1-200 parts by weight of a hollow filler in the form of microballoons having a mean particle size of 10-200 &mgr;m is suitable for forming a silicone rubber layer around a shaft to provide a heat fixing roll.

Abstract: A developer roll sleeve and method for making the same is disclosed. In a preferred embodiment, a core substrate roll is spray coated with a conductive composition including a host resin composition and a wear-resistance imparting additive. Preferably, the host resin composition includes a phenolic thermosetting resin and a conductivity additive such as carbon black, graphite and the like. Further, the wear resistance imparting additive is preferably selected from the group consisting of a polytetrafluoroethylene resin (e.g., Teflon), graphite, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene having a molecular weight from about 3,000 to about 4,500 grams, molybdenum, molybdenum disulfide, silicone and mixtures thereof. The wear resistance imparting additive is preferably provided in an amount sufficient to obtain a thickness wear rate of less than about 0.00047 percent per printing cycle.

Abstract: A fluid metering roll such as an anilox roll is comprised of a tubular carbon fiber composition core having one or more metallic layers intervening between the core and a surface layer comprised of ceramic, the ceramic having outwardly opening fluid metering cells. The method of forming the roll includes steps of thermal spray applying one or more layers comprised of metal over the roll surface the layers intervening between the roll and an external ceramic coating. Characterizing features of the application method reside in each of the thermal spray applied layers being directed toward the core at a negative rake angle of from about 11½ to about 13½ and preferably 12½°, the core and layers which receive the thermal spray being simultaneously cooled to about 110° Centigrade or less during application of the thermal spray.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a charge roller utilizes a foam rubber substance where epichlorohydrin oxide rubber and an acrylonitrile butadiene rubber are mixed at a ratio of 5:95, or utilizing a crosslinking rubber substance consisting of epichlorohydrin oxide rubber and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber having a polar low molecular polymeric characteristic, thus allowing the charge roller to maintain a low volume resistivity of 107 &OHgr; cm to 108 &OHgr; cm. As a result, the surface of a photosensitive drum can be charged by a minimum charging voltage, to thereby significantly reduce an amount of ozone. A method of manufacturing a charge roller employs peroxide as a cross linking agent for rapidly cross-linking molecular chains between an epichlorohydrin oxide rubber and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber forming a main composition of a foam rubber substance.

Abstract: Printing rollers and sleeves for printing rollers can be provided with a high quality top coat composition which can improve various properties such as solvent resistance, cut resistance, and thermal stability (with respect to dimensional stability and hardness stability), and reduce manufacturing time and costs. A polyurethane top coat composition is used with filler present in an amount of from about 15-70% by weight of the coating. The coatings may also include a low density, high hardness foam underlayer which can be applied without a molding operation.

Abstract: A fuser member comprising a support and coated thereon a fluorocarbon elastomer layer containing: (1) a silicon carbide filler and a cupric oxide filler; and/or (2) a silicon carbide filler treated with a silane coupling agent having a reactive functional group, the fuser member further having a functionalized polydimethylsiloxane release agent applied to the fluorocarbon elastomer layer in an amount sufficient to produce, upon incubation at elevated temperature, a surface having improved toner release properties on said outermost layer.

Abstract: A fuser member having an outermost layer comprising a fluoroelastomer with thermally conductive fillers treated with a mercapto-functionalized silane coupling agent that is interactive with a fluoroelastomer to provide a fuser roller surface of decreased toner offset and abrasion and increased toner release and thermal conductivity.

Abstract: A fuser member having a support metallic core and a layer of material formed over the metallic core, an intermediate layer, and an outer layer, the intermediate layer including a cross-linked poly(dialkylsiloxane); one or more multifunctional silanes; one or more amino functional silane crosslinking agents; catalyst; and optional fillers.

Abstract: A toner supply roll including a cylindrical soft polyurethane sponge structure which is integrally formed on a metal shaft and which has a hardness of not higher than 350 g, a network of cells, and a skin layer having openings which are open in its outer circumferential surface and which communicate with respective radially outermost ones of the cells located adjacent to the skin layer, wherein the openings have a size of 100-800 &mgr;m, and a total area percent of at least 20% of the total area of the outer circumferential surface of the skin layer, and the sponge structure has a plurality of helical protrusions formed on the outer circumferential surface of the skin layer so as to extend helically about an axis of the sponge structure, the helical protrusions being arranged in a circumferential direction of the sponge structure, so as to form a plurality of helical recesses each interposed between adjacent ones of the helical protrusions, so that helical protrusions and recesses cooperate to define a toothe

Abstract: A fixation roller for a liquid electrophotographic printer rotates in contact with a transfer roller transferring an image developed on a photoreceptor web to a sheet of paper. The fixation roller includes a body made of metal, an elastic rubber layer formed on the outer circumferential surface of the body, and silicon oil included in the rubber layer to come out to the surface of the rubber layer at a high temperature during printing, thus encompassing the surface of the rubber layer.

Abstract: In a fusing assembly for fixing toner to a receiver and having a fuser roller and a pressure roller forming a fixing nip, a metering roller, a polymeric release agent is applied to the metering roller and a release agent donor roller for receiving polymeric release agent from the metering roller and applying it to the surface of the fusing roller, the release agent donor roller comprising an outer layer including a silicone material selected so that its swelling in 1000 cts poly(dimethylsiloxane) is less than 6% by weight.

Abstract: A charging roll comprising a center shaft an electrically conductive rubber layer formed on an outer circumferential surface of the center shaft and having a relatively low hardness a resistance adjusting layer formed radially outwardly of the conductive rubber layer and a protective layer formed radially outwardly of the resistance adjusting layer. The resistance adjusting layer is formed of a rubber composition prepared by mixing a rubber material with particles of an electron-conductive material and particles of an electrically insulating material. The rubber composition comprises 10-50 parts by weight of the electrically insulating material per 100 parts by weight of the electron-conductive material.

Abstract: The spinning cylinder for drafting systems comprises a cylindrical roll body (1) forming a sliding bearing together with a sliding bearing bush (3) which is slid on and axially fixed. The sliding bearing bush (3) includes a cylindrical socket (4) made of tubular plastic material or plastic compound onto which an elastomeric covering (5) has been extruded.

Abstract: A semiconductive roller has an electrically conductive shaft, a roller provided on the shaft formed of silicone rubber with carbon contained therein. The silicone rubber is also added olefin oil and zinc oxide. A method is used for manufacturing a semiconductive roller formed of an electrically conductive shaft. The method includes carrying out a first vulcanization where the semiconductive roller is shaped into a roller and carrying out a second vulcanization where the semiconductive roller is heated at 200° C. for substantially four hours.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a calendar roll in which a continuous band of filler material is wound onto an axle until a desired diameter for the roll is obtained, and then an elastic coating is applied to an outermost surface of the band, i.e., the outermost layer of windings. An adhesive agent may be applied onto the band such that adjacent windings of the band adhere to one another during winding of the band onto the axle. Adjacent windings of the band in an uppermost layer of windings may be welded together to provide a foundation for the elastic coating. The calender roll includes an axle, a uniform and continuous band of filler material wound onto the axle to provide the roll with a desired diameter, and an elastic polymer coating arranged on an outermost layer of windings of the band on the axle.

Abstract: A fuser member having a support metallic core and an outer layer of material formed over the metallic core, the outer layer including composite material, including a silicone T-resin; a crosslinked poly(dialkylsiloxane), wherein the poly(dialkylsiloxane) has a weight average molecular weight before crosslinking of about 5,000 to 80,000; and an aryl silane crosslinking agent.

Abstract: A roller for electrophotography is made from a mixture of polyurethane, polydiene, polyether diol, a first conductive filler and a second conductive filler which catalyzes oxidation of the polydiene. The first conductive filler comprises hexahalogenated acetylacetonates. The roller has a very high outer surface electrical resistance from baking the roller to oxidize the polybutadiene. The charge roller is achieved at low production cost and functions well with charging by a DC potential and AC overlay.

Abstract: A toner supply roll including a cylindrical soft polyurethane sponge structure formed on an outer circumferential surface of a metal shaft by foam molding of a polyurethane material in a mold cavity of a mold. The sponge structure having hardness of 350 g or lower includes a skin layer having a network of cells and openings open in its outer circumferential surface and communicating with respective ones of the cells located adjacent to the skin layer, such that the openings are substantially aligned with central portions of the respective ones of the cells in axial and circumferential directions of the sponge structure. Each opening has a size of 100-800 .mu.m, and a total area of the openings is at least 20% of the total surface area of the skin layer. The sponge structure has a plurality of protrusions formed on the outer circumferential surface of the skin layer so as to extend linearly or helically in the axial direction of the sponge structure. The protrusions have a height of 20-3000 .mu.

Abstract: A roll for selective use as either a support drum or as a rider roll in a winder for winding a traveling paper web into a relatively large diameter wound web roll has a body with an outer, elastomeric cover. The elastomeric cover includes a pattern, open to the surface, arranged such that the percent of volumetric void for a unit of cover volume is such that the effective hardness of the cover ranges between about 30 Shore “A” to about 55 Shore “A” where the roll is a support drum, and between about 40 Shore “A” to about 65 Shore “A” when the roll is a rider roll. In addition, the elastomeric material has an absolute hardness of about 65 Shore “A”, or less, for a support drum, and about 75 Shore “A”, or less, for a rider roll, and a Poisson's ratio of between about 0.47 to about 0.499.

Abstract: A fuser member useful for heat-fixing an electrographic toner to a substrate. The fuser member has a core and a layer overlying the core. That layer includes a cured fluorocarbon random copolymer having subunits with the general structures: where x is from 30 to 90 mole percent, y is from 10 to 70 mole percent, and z is from 0 to 34 mole percent. The layer incorporates particulate filler. The filler includes aluminum oxide and a material selected from the group consisting of alkaline earth metal oxides, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, and combinations thereof. The filler has a total concentration in the layer of from about 25 to 50 percent of the total volume of the layer. The aluminum oxide has a concentration of from 20 to 40 percent of the total volume of the layer.