Abstract: When manufacturing bags from tubular paper sections of a single layer or multiple layers, at least one end of each flat, tubular section is expanded into a bottom square. Lateral flaps formed in this way are folded such that they overlap and partially cover corner flaps. In order to easily bond expanded bottom squares together, the regions of the tubular sections which are to be bonded together are provided with coatings of thermoplastic which are heated and pressed together.

Abstract: A bag suitable for use in microwave cooking is constructed of an elongated tube of flexible material closed at one end by means of a cold seal closure and having a heat seal adhesive deposit applied to the other end thereof for use in closing the bag after filling thereof; and methods of making the same are described, including the making of a roll from which said bags can be made.

Abstract: A semi rigid container comprising a plurality of generally rectangular side walls and a bottom wall attached to the bottom of each side wall. A plurality of flexible supporting frames are attached to each side wall to expand the container's open top and to brace the side walls into a free standing container for handy storage, transportation or disposal of refuse or other articles. A drawstring is provided along the top of the container for easy closure. The semi rigid container is made by attaching the flexible supporting frames to one or more sheets of flexible material, layering the sheet or sheets, and sealing the open margins of the layered sheet or sheets corresponding to the container's sides and bottom. The semi rigid container can be easily collapsed into a stack of side walls, then coiled into three adjacent loops and inserted into a storing receptacle.

Abstract: A wrapper for an article includes a sheet of wrapping material folded to form a flat sleeve with an out-turned seam formed by edge portions of the sleeve extending along the center of one side of the sleeve. The edge portions are secured together at the ends of the sleeve and the sides of the sleeve are secured together along a line or lines which define, in a central region of the sleeve, the periphery of an enclosure. The enclosure can be opened by separating the edges of the seam in the central region of the sleeve to receive an article and then be closed together and the end portions of the sleeve wrapped around the article contained in the central region of the sleeve. A method is also described.

Abstract: When manufacturing bags from tubular paper sections of a single layer or multiple layers, at least one end of each flat, tubular section is expanded into a bottom square. Lateral flaps formed in this way are folded such that they overlap and partially cover corner flaps. In order to easily bond expanded bottom squares together, the regions of the tubular sections which are to be bonded together are provided with coatings of thermoplastic which are heated and pressed together.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for connecting rounded members between planar members comprising the steps of providing a rounded member having an outer layer having a first melting temperature range and an inner layer concentrically disposed within the outer layer and having a second melting temperature range, the second melting temperature range being warmer than the first melting temperature range, providing a pair of opposed planar members, the planar members each having a melting temperature within the first melting temperature range, positioning an end portion of the rounded member between perimeter edges of the pair of planar members to define an interface area, applying pressure to the interface area to collapse the end portion of the rounded member to essentially a flattened position, applying sealing energy to the interface area to heat the rounded member to a temperature within the first melting temperature range but below the second melting temperature range, thereby forming a weld between

Abstract: Disclosed in this description is a shrink wrap machine in which the majority of the machine's major components are modularly, and therefore detachably attached. The shrink wrap machine uses a counterweight on its sealing arm to bias the position and damp the motion of the arm.

Abstract: A package having multiple seals in close proximity is set forth. At least one of the seals is accomplished through the use of a polar polymer that bonds to an opposing panel in the package when exposed to an alternative electromagnetic field. The strength of the sealing can be controlled by the type and the amount of the polar polymer that is present as well as the field strength of the electromagnetic radiation, and its duration. The region to be sealed by the electromagnetic radiation can also be precisely controlled.

Abstract: This invention is a modular sealing machine. It is comprised of a base unit to which parts may be modularly added to customize the machine.

Abstract: A method for forming a tamper-resistant envelope formed of a thermoplastic resin comprises two opposing panels having respective bottom and side wall edges bonded together to form a pocket therebetween. The top of the pocket is open for inserting an item into the pocket. Each panel has an edge portion adjacent the opening. A bead of pressure-sensitive adhesive is applied adjacent the edge portions, and the bead is heat-seal bonded to the thermoplastic edge portion. The edge portions can be brought together to bring the adhesive beads into contact to close the opening. By heat-seal bonding the adhesive beads to the thermoplastic edge portions, the pressure-sensitive adhesive is less susceptible to being opened by supercooling.

Abstract: Containers are produced from a sheet of flexible material having a thermally bondable inside surface. In one embodiment the material is formed into a T-shaped intermediate structure having two pleats (302 and 303) having a uncreased, mutual central portion (300). The intermediate structure also has two overlapping side wall portions (295) extending from the pleats.

Abstract: A composite endless form for making flexible, windowed, form, fill and seal bags includes an endless strip of flexible, substantially opaque, paper-like material having a print side thereon with printed indicia thereon and an adhesive side, opposite the print side, with an adhesive thereon. The endless strip of paper-like material includes individual bag forms attached side-to-side thereon, each to be used for making a windowed bag, the endless-strip of paper-like material having a window opening cut in each individual bag form. The window openings are oblong and extend diagonal to a direction of elongation of the composite endless form. A heat-sealable film is adhered to the endless-strip of paper-like material on the adhesive side thereof to cover substantially all of the adhesive side. The composite endless form is placed in a roll to be fed to form, fill and seal machines for making windowed bags.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of making flexible film pouches having fitment tubes attached thereto. The process includes a single operation for the simultaneous sealing of the pouch edge seams and the fitment tubes to the pouch. An apparatus for producing pouches with fitment tubes sealed thereto as well as the pouches so produced is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing communication articles such as postcards, envelopes or the like in each of which display surfaces for information or the like are separably bonded with a synthetic resin therebetween by heating for concealing information such as correspondence or a printed display medium and then mailing it. It is an object of the invention to enable easy and smooth separating of a film-containing sheet and accurate insertion of a film in a sheet.

Abstract: A tubular-bag packaging machine having at least one pair of cross-sealing jaws (25) which are supported on a holding device (15) movable vertically back and forth by means of a connecting rod (14) as well as horizontally through a four-bar mechanism comprising a crank disk (9) coupled with the connecting rod (14), and comprising side-fold-forming means (23, 24) which are supported on a guide element (18) movable transversely with respect to the direction of movement of a foil tube (41).

Abstract: A reusable silicone vacuum bag is manufactured by making a silicone vacuum bag envelope having peripheral edges. The bag envelope is spread so that the peripheral edges frame the envelope. FEP is bonded to an area bordering the peripheral edges. The bag envelope is folded over on itself at the peripheral edges. Edge sealing tape is applied to the FEP in the area bordering the peripheral edges and covering the peripheral edges with the tape.

Abstract: A one-piece flexible-plastic fluid container or pouch (130), adapted for containment of a fluid, is disclosed. The pouch (130) comprises a bottom (135) and a pair of sidewalls (132 and 133) that are unitary with the bottom (135). Each sidewall (132 and 133) includes edge margins disposed transverse to the bottom (135) and an end margin located in distal relation to the bottom (135). The edge margins of one sidewall (132), when joined in a fluid-tight manner to the respective edge margins of the other sidewall (133), define a pair of spaced-apart fluid-tight sideseams (136 and 138). Each sideseam (136 and 138) has a respective end portion (140 and 142) that is opposite the bottom (135). A portion of each sidewall end margin (144 and 146) when joined in a fluid-tight manner to the respective remainder portion (145 and 147) thereof and the sideseam end portions (140 and 142) opposite the bottom (135) when proximally joined together in a fluid-tight manner collectively define a fluid-tight endseam (150).

Abstract: A card display pocket formed of three sheets of fusible material. The first sheet is a nylon/vinyl material that is slit one way to receive the second sheet of a frosty vinyl material which may be slit a different way from the first sheet to form specially designed pockets and woven through the first sheet of material, over the front side of the first sheet of material and under the back side of the first sheet of material. The third sheet is a plain vinyl that is used for a backing.The method of construction is as follows: In a sheet of nylon/vinyl material slits are made lengthwise or widthwise through the material so that they are either generally parallel to each other or generally perpendicular to each other. Translucent vinyl material, is then interwoven through these slits in order to form the desired pockets. The card pocket with curved sides is especially desirable for applications where a card is frequently accessed.

Abstract: A package for transporting an organ is formed from a plastic laminate. The laminate includes an inner layer of a fluorinated polyethylenepropylene copolymer and an outer layer of a polyimide. The laminates are heat sealed together around the perimeter to form a closed pouch. The thickness of the inner and outer layers of the laminate and the bond strength between the layers of the laminate are tailored to produce a peelable seal. Upon peeling the laminated sheets apart, the heat seal will tear along the edge of the seal and the inner layer will delaminate from the outer layer.

Abstract: A web of packaging material includes a pair of flaps folded onto a backing sheet and laterally heat sealed at uniform positions along the web, forming pairs of bags having laterally opposed openings. The web is perforated at the heat seals to allow ease of separation of the pairs of bags from the web, while longitudinal perforations allow for the separation of the bags of each pair from each other. Releasable adhesive strips are provided on closure flaps to allow closure of the openings of the separated bags. The bags are filled by draping them over a carrier bar, passing them under a blower and filler, and subsequently separating the bag pairs from each other and sealing them.

Abstract: The present invention provides an automatic machine for making accordion data pockets, especially an automatic machine which is capable of bonding the inner leaf members, side cover members, and bottom member of an accordion data pocket together in one step. The machine is characterized by a fixed and a movable die seats, a top press die, two side press dies, two side boards, etc. The movable die seat has a plurality of cavities formed on its top surface, allowing index holders provided on each inner leaf member of the data pocket to insert in, and a plurality of properly and equally spaced partition plates vertically erected thereon. The fixed die seat has a plurality of properly and equally spaced positioning plates vertically erected thereon and each of the positioning plates has chamfers formed at its one vertical side and its top horizontal side.

Abstract: A bag construction comprising an outer bag and an inner bag contained therewithin and a method of making the same. The bag has an independent unitary construction. The bag construction is made from a tube length having inner and outer portions, by cross sealing the inner portion and folding the outer portion into a rectangularly shaped bottom.

Abstract: An improved method of making a stand-up plastic bag in which the side seam seals are formed at the same time as the gusset wall seals. The method includes the steps of supplying the film, folding the film to form the gusset, simultaneously forming the heat seals for the gusset walls and the side seams at one temperature, forming the heat seals to join the gusset walls together at a higher temperature, and separating the film into completed bags. The improved method provides greater efficiency and increased production rates.

Abstract: Heated seal bars are located on opposite sides of an elongated strip of heat sealable material adapted to be advanced with a step-by-step motion. When the strip dwells, the bars are shifted linearly inwardly into engagement with the strip to form a heat seal and then are retracted linearly a short distance away from the strip to permit the strip to advance through its next step. If an abnormal condition prevents the strip from advancing, the bars are retracted linearly to a parked position in which the bars are spaced a substantial distance away from the strip in order to prevent the heat radiating from the bars from damaging the stopped strip.

Abstract: A disposable or reusable and reclosable gussetted plastic bag capable of being compactly stored as a food container in freezers, yet capable of standing with an upright spout in a microwave oven for non-spill thawing and cooking of food contained in the bag. The bag is formed of two wing-shaped pouches on either side of the upright spout. The bag preferably has inner and outer skin layers of different heat sealing temperatures so that peripheral sealing is effected only with the inner skin layers, allowing the wing-shaped pouches to be formed out of a gussetted bottom without sealing of the outer skin layers of the gusset walls facing one another. Two pairs of relief seals are located adjacent each gusset joint at both edges of the bag. Each seal is positioned 45.degree. off the gusset joint and preferably has a radius shape. The heat seals are formed by applying heat adjacent each gusset joint with a hot bar or other heat sealing device following formation of the bag.

Abstract: A fluid bladder including a check valve inturned within the bladder. The bladder is formed of two thin sheets of plastic material sealed together around the periphery of the bladder. The check valve is formed of an extended mating pair of strips of the same two sheets of plastic overlying one another and heat bonded together by a high frequency electric field along two substantially parallel lines to form a central flow channel with a closed gap-free configuration. In forming the check valve, at least one pair of electrodes are employed, and insulating material is used to enclose the electrodes so that the two sheets of plastic material are maintained parallel and in contact with one another during welding and the subsequent cool-down interval, thereby assuring reliable check valve operation.

Abstract: In a L-sealer for heat-sealing center-folded thermoplastic film, wherein a pair of relatively movable clamping jaws grip and heat seal the facing film webs along an L-shaped seal line, a series of perforating pins are mounted to one clamping jaw to perforate the film webs closely adjacent the seal line. The perforations allow escape of air when the film is subsequently shrunk, the close spacing of the perforations to the seal line insuring that the perforations are disposed at the side of the packaged article when the film is shrunk to minimize entry of dirt and the like.

Abstract: A transverse-welding station [(12)] is provided for joining the hose parts [(11a, 11b)] of foil hoses [(11)] that are welded to bag lengths [(BL)] by transverse welds [(21, 22)]. In this station, the hose parts are superimposed such that the joining weld is laid exactly on the superimposed transverse welds [(22) ] of the two hose parts. This results in a joining of the hose ends that does not use adhesive tape and observes the pitch determined by the length of the bags. The invention provides a joining that is practically imperceptible and does not at all impair the quality of the bags made. In particular, the occurrence of single bags that would have to be considered as waste is avoided. The method is applicable for cutting out imperfections from a foil hose, as well as for connecting the beginning of one hose roll to the end of the preceding hose roll.

Abstract: This invention relates to the method for manufacturing a variety of square bottom containers by folding to the same side both of two brims of a sheet-shaped container of raw material of paper, aluminum foil, plastic laminate film and the like such that the brims mutually abut each other, forming a bonding agent or heat-seal layer on the outsides of both these butted brims, then forming the lower portion into a W-shape with an inverted V-shaped fold being provide in the midway, and then press-fitting the bonding agent or heat-seal layer from the outside of the formed sheet for its bonding or deposition, the press fit formed sheet defining a square bottom container having a bottom laminate which is flat with no overlap and having a heat seal film or the like which doesn't come inside the container. The method is efficient and the containers can be manufactured quite easily.

Abstract: An improved method of making a stand-up plastic bag in which heated pins are used to seal the gusset walls. The pins are heated at a temperature lower than melting point of the thermoplastic which forms the exterior contiguous portions of the gusset walls. The method includes the steps of supplying the film, folding the film to form the gusset, forming the heat seals for the gusset walls and the heat seals for the side seams at one temperature, forming the heat seals joining the gusset walls together at the same temperature using a heated pin seal bar, and separating the film into completed bags. The improved method provides greater efficiency and increased production rates.

Abstract: A stand-up plastic bag has a pair of front and rear side walls defining an open bag mouth at upper edges thereof, and a pair of front and rear bottom gusset walls being disposed between the side walls. The walls are composed of a multi-layered film of different, heat-sealable, coextruded thermoplastics, such as polyethylene and Nylon. Polyethylene is on the interior surfaces and Nylon is on the exterior surfaces of the walls. The gusset walls have upper portions interconnected together to form a bottom wall extending between the front and rear side walls. The gusset walls also have lower portions joined by heat seals to lower portion of the front and rear side walls at contiguous portions of polyethylene material on their interior surfaces to form a support band which connects to and extends below the bottom wall.

Abstract: A packaging material and a method of forming the packaging material into a flexible, disposable food container adapted to contain and maintain food in a fresh and sanitary condition, and to ship, display, heat and brown, and serve the food is disclosed. The method includes forming patches of microwave interactive material on a web of plastic and laminating the web of plastic to one side of a web of structural stock material to form a composite web; the microwave interactive material is sandwiched between the web of plastic and the web of structural stock material. Sealant is applied to portions of the plastic layer in registry with the patches of microwave interactive material to seal ends of the composite web. Printed graphics are applied to portions of the structural stock material layer in registry with the patches of microwave interactive material and the sealant.

Abstract: An operation table cover comprises a hose of a thermoplastic foil material, and having a bottom end which is closed and an opposite head end with which it is slippable over a supporting surface of an operation table, and two strips overlapping the head end of the hose at its two sides, the hose having a predetermined width, the overlapping strips having a width which in an unstretched condition of the overlapping strips is greater than the width of the hose.

Abstract: A flexible filter bag, the filter element of which is seamless and avoids prior leakage problems, is made by wrapping a flexible, preferably perforated, filtering fabric and a flexible nonfiltering transport material together onto a cylindrical mandrel to provide a tube. A thin metal ring is fitted into the tube, and the portion of the filtering fabric which extends beyond the edge of the transport material is folded inwardly around the ring to provide a cuff. A sleeve of a length about twice that of the tube is inserted into and pulled over the tube until the free ends of the sleeve are approximately coterminous with the ring-free end of the tube. The free ends of the sleeve and tube are gathered in the manner of a sausage casing and then subjected to pressure to form a seal, but the convolutions of the transport material terminate just short of the seal so as to avoid bunching at the seal.

Abstract: A gusseted dish cover formed from a flexible sheet material and an elastomeric matrerial having a constricted opening and a cross-section of a generally M-shaped gusset. A novel storage and dispensing means for such gusseted dish covers is also disclosed wherein the dish covers are placed on a center support member having the constricted opening and the elastomeric material positioned off the end of the support member.

Abstract: A medical bag and method of manufacturing the bag from a thermoplastic resin by irradiating a ferromagnetic heating element which has been prepositioned between the mouth and receiving portions of the bag and which is caused to generate high frequence-induced heat. During subjection of the heating element to a high frequency magnetic field, the mouth portion and receiving portion of the bag melt about the element so that mouth portion, element and receiving portion are bonded together. This technique can also be suitably used for thermoplastic resins, for example, polyolefin resins, to which conventional high-frequency bonding cannot be applied.

Abstract: A pre-forming technique for web material utilized to make flexible pouches for fluent products comestibles and non-comestibles in form-and fill equipment of well known type characterized by the initial stretching displacement of each web from its normal plane and in a configuration corresponding to the ultimate spout configuration prior to forming of the pouch with the spout therein, thereby preventing undesired blockage of the spout by unintended adherence of the packaging film in the spout zone during sealing operations. The technique is especially desirable in pouches having a unique and complex reversely curved discharge passageway.

Abstract: A bag having a closeable flap portion, and a method of manufacturing same, are disclosed. The bag includes first and second panel portions, and a top flap portion extending from and integral to the second panel portion along a fold line adjacent to an opening between the first and second panel portions. The inner surfaces of the first and second panel portions have surface characteristics rendering them capable of being firmly heat sealed together along the side edges thereof, while the outer surfaces of at least the second panel portion and of the flap portion along the side edges have surface characteristics rendering them capable of only being weakly heat sealed together. The flap portion is initially folded onto the outer surface of the second panel portion and is held thereinplace along the side edges by means of a weakened seam achieved by virtue of heat sealing of the side edges of the first and second panel portions and the flap portion.

Abstract: The pack is adapted to store separately and allow mixing of a plurality of components and subsequent dispensing of the mixture. It comprises an outer container (1) and a preferentially rupturable inner container (2) having its outer surface sealed to the inner surfaces of said outer container walls at a median point of the outer container and adjacent an end of said inner container. The wall of said inner container (2) between seals (3) defines a first compartment (9) within said inner container (2) to one side of said seal (3) and a second compartment (7) within said outer container (1) to the other side of said seal (3). A recloseable inlet and outlet means (4,5) communicates with said second compartment (7).

Abstract: The present invention is drawn to an improved method of making a document file which has a pair of covers and a plurality of file elements laminated one upon another between the covers. The file elements are hot-sealed together and to the covers. The covers each have an auxiliary sheet hot-sealed to the cover body. The outermost file elements are hot-sealed to the auxiliary sheets of the covers. Thus, no dents or recesses are formed on the cover by hot-sealing the outermost file elements to the respective covers.

Abstract: The invention discloses a multiple layer packaging film, packages made therefrom and a method of opening the packages. The invention provides inseparable seal strength and in some cases hermetic seals, in combination with peelable ply separation opening for access to the contents of the package, while at the same time providing excellent barriers to transmission of oxygen and moisture. Certain embodiments provide for improved abuse resistance, excellent graphics, and other improvements. The method of opening the package depends on separating opposing ones of the package sidewalls, forcing the opening tear to be propagated partially through the film to a peelable layer interface, with subsequent ply separation along the interface to effect completion of opening of the package.

Abstract: This invention relates to a transverse sealing mechanism for use in producing bag-packed products by packing products in tubular film. The transverse sealing mechanism comprises compression-and-heat sealing means and compression-cooling and compression-cutting means disposed immediately below said sealing means, each of these means having a mechanism which can increase its compressive force infinitely. The packed bag transverse sealing mechanism provides for storing and perfect seals.

Abstract: An improved L-sealing apparatus providing an L-shaped sealing bed assembly mounted at its ends and corner on three piston-and-cylinder assemblies operable upon closing of the sealing arm into adjacency with the sealing bed assembly to translatorily move the sealing bed assembly into uniform and continuous surface contact and pressure with the heating wire arrangement of the sealing arm. In another embodiment, the sealing bed assembly is fixed to the machine frame and a pair of pneumatic-electromagnetic latching assemblies are provided to magnetically engage the sealing arm at its opposite ends in its sealing disposition adjacent the sealing bed assembly to torsionally distort the sealing arm if and as necessary to bring its wire heating assemblies into parallel continuous and uniform surface contact and pressure with the sealing bed assembly.

Abstract: A method of preparing a medical bag comprising a pair of heat-sealable soft plastic sheets which are heat-sealed at predetermined heat-sealing peripheral portions thereof, comprising the steps of preparing the pair of heat-sealable soft plastic sheets; coating a 0.05 to 1.5% by weight solution of a silicone resin composition on one substantially entire surface of each of said sheets, the silicone resin composition having at least partial crosslinkability; at least partially crosslinking the silicone resin composition so as to form substantially non-flowable, substantially continuous layers each of which covers the one substantially entire surface of each of the sheets; and superposing said pair of heat sealable sheets with the respective side of each sheet coated by the non-flowable silicone layer in face to face relationship and heat-sealing the peripheral portions of the sheets to provide said medical bag.

Abstract: A bag structure and method of making the same, wherein a liner on the inside of the bag body has a closed top within the bag body top providing a primary closure for the bag which must be opened for access to contents within the bag. A secondary closure comprises a reclosable fastener zipper carried by the bag body top above the primary closure for access to the primary closure, and then serving for selectively opening and closing the bag top opening.

Abstract: Apparatus for forming a disc envelope from a prepunched, flexible, plastic blank having two sections connected at the heads thereof and containing a drive hole at the same location in each section. The drive holes are located on respective hubs which are located at the same position on respective folding plates. The end edge of a mandrel is pressed against the blank in the area between the two sections while the folding plates are moved from a horizontal to a vertical position pulling the drive holes taut on the hubs and thereby locating the center fold between the two sections of the blank flap folding apparatus and sealing apparatus are attached to and swing into operating position with the respective folding plates to form the side flap folds and seal the folded flaps.

Abstract: A method for making a capture and containment bag having a large reservoir that tapers into an elongated conduit wherein the reservoir is formed by joining two heat sealable panels along their side edges to form a linear end edge and then joining such linear end edge to the flared end of a narrow heat sealable strip with a pair of longitudinally extending side edges of such narrow strip then joined to form a conduit. The two panels are then joined along the remaining side edges as a continuation of the joining of the sides of the narrow strip to form a bag with a large storage reservoir and a narrow elongated discharge control conduit.

Abstract: The disclosure is of the use of a primer formulation comprising styrene/butadiene rubber, water and alcohol that is employed to promote hot melt adhesion of fluorocarbon treated grease resistant papers, which are used in storage bags and containers for such products as pet foods, for example.

Abstract: Apparatus for sealing deformable sheet material blanks comprises ultrasonic energy means having a sonotrode mounted for relative movement toward and away from an anvil surface carrying projections thereon. The anvil projections enable maximizing sonic energy from the sonotrode to form rapid and efficient seals in carton blanks. The carton blanks preferably carry a varnish having thermoplastic solvents in a liquid vehicle with the solids being present in sufficient amount to form a thermoplastic seal when processed in the ultrasonic apparatus. The method of forming the carton blanks utilizes printing techniques to apply the varnish and preferably the novel ultrasonic apparatus to enable rapid seals with minimized requirement for ultrasonic energy application due to compressing of sheet material at the seals to be formed.

Abstract: Method for thermobonding thermoplastic material. A support plate supports sheets of the thermoplastic material, and heat element means is provided adjacent thereto. Pressure plate means mates with the support plate and may include recess means for receiving the heat element means. Melt zone means are formed between the heat element means and the pressure plate means (or the recess means) when they are in mating relationship. The melt zone means serves to confine the melted thermoplastic means to form a good seal by relieving stress between the seal and the seal-material interface. The heat element means and recess means are manufactured as interchangeable dies in different sizes and shapes for different materials. The heat element means may be formed into different shapes, such as a glove for manufacturing gloves.